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A pickle jar can function as a tiny jet engine. The setup is simple: a glass jar with a small hole in the lid holds a volatile fuel like methanol, which evaporates to create a fuel and air mixture inside. A flame brought to the hole ignites it, and... the cycle begins. Here is what happens in each pulse. Combustion sends a sharp pressure spike through the jar, forcing hot gas out the lid hole as thrust. The escaping gas creates a brief partial vacuum inside, which pulls fresh air back in through the same hole. Residual heat ignites the new mixture automatically, and the cycle repeats dozens to hundreds of times per second. The jar and hole act as a resonant cavity, which is why it pulses instead of burning steadily. A single opening cannot handle exhaust and intake at the same time, so the system locks into a natural rhythm. It produces almost no real thrust, but it is a clear window into how actual pulsejet engines work, and the physics on display are the same ones used in real aerospace propulsion. Follow for more!show more

Mechanical Knowledge

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131,156 просмотров • 6 месяцев назад •via X (Twitter)

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When a gas chamber filled with a fuel-air mixture is ignited, the flame does not instantly appear everywhere. Instead, it starts at the ignition point and spreads outward as a moving "flame front." For combustion to happen, fuel molecules must react with oxygen molecules. When a spark or flame provides enough energy, the first few molecules ignite and release heat. This heat then warms the nearby unburned gas, causing those molecules to reach their ignition temperature as well. The process repeats rapidly, creating a chain reaction that pushes the flame through the chamber. Think of it like a row of dominoes. The spark knocks over the first domino, which triggers the next one, and so on. In a gas chamber, heat and highly reactive particles called free radicals play the role of the falling dominoes. As the flame spreads, the hot combustion gases expand dramatically. This expansion creates pressure waves that move ahead of the flame. The speed of flame propagation depends on factors such as the fuel type, the fuel-to-air ratio, temperature, pressure, and turbulence inside the chamber. Turbulence mixes the gases more effectively, allowing the flame to spread much faster. In engines, this controlled flame spread is essential because it releases energy smoothly. However, if the flame spreads too rapidly or transitions into a shock wave, it can become a detonation or explosion,producing a sudden and destructive pressure spike. In short, a flame spreads because each burning region heats and ignites the next region, creating a self-sustaining wave of combustion that moves through the fuel-air mixture.

When a gas chamber filled with a fuel-air mixture is ignited, the flame does not instantly appear everywhere. Instead, it starts at the ignition point and spreads outward as a moving "flame front." For combustion to happen, fuel molecules must react with oxygen molecules. When a spark or flame provides enough energy, the first few molecules ignite and release heat. This heat then warms the nearby unburned gas, causing those molecules to reach their ignition temperature as well. The process repeats rapidly, creating a chain reaction that pushes the flame through the chamber. Think of it like a row of dominoes. The spark knocks over the first domino, which triggers the next one, and so on. In a gas chamber, heat and highly reactive particles called free radicals play the role of the falling dominoes. As the flame spreads, the hot combustion gases expand dramatically. This expansion creates pressure waves that move ahead of the flame. The speed of flame propagation depends on factors such as the fuel type, the fuel-to-air ratio, temperature, pressure, and turbulence inside the chamber. Turbulence mixes the gases more effectively, allowing the flame to spread much faster. In engines, this controlled flame spread is essential because it releases energy smoothly. However, if the flame spreads too rapidly or transitions into a shock wave, it can become a detonation or explosion,producing a sudden and destructive pressure spike. In short, a flame spreads because each burning region heats and ignites the next region, creating a self-sustaining wave of combustion that moves through the fuel-air mixture.

Mechanical Knowledge

11,937 просмотров • 23 дней назад

Forget matches; this is how our ancestors used the laws of thermodynamics to start fires in seconds using nothing but wood and air. The secret lies in the sudden increase in pressure. By trapping air in a narrow tube and forcing a piston down, you are doing work on the gas. In a closed system like this, that work translates directly into thermal energy. Because the movement is so fast, it is considered "adiabatic," meaning no heat escapes. The resulting flash of heat is intense enough to create a glowing ember, which is then transferred to a larger "tinder bundle" and blown into a flame.

Forget matches; this is how our ancestors used the laws of thermodynamics to start fires in seconds using nothing but wood and air. The secret lies in the sudden increase in pressure. By trapping air in a narrow tube and forcing a piston down, you are doing work on the gas. In a closed system like this, that work translates directly into thermal energy. Because the movement is so fast, it is considered "adiabatic," meaning no heat escapes. The resulting flash of heat is intense enough to create a glowing ember, which is then transferred to a larger "tinder bundle" and blown into a flame.

Mathematica

195,902 просмотров • 6 месяцев назад

This is not a model engine pretending to be a jet engine. It is actually a complete gas turbine shrunk onto a test bench. Inside this small machine are a compressor, combustion chamber, turbine wheel, fuel system and digital engine controller, the same basic physics used in aircraft engines. At full power, this turbine reaches nearly 98,000 RPM over 1,600 revolutions every second while producing 280 N of thrust, equivalent to roughly 28 kg of pushing force. At nearly 98,000 RPM, even a tiny imbalance can destroy the turbine. The combustion chamber must survive exhaust temperatures approaching 700°C, while the fuel system continuously manages a core flame powerful enough to create 280 N of thrust without losing combustion stability. A high-end RC turbine can cost $7,000-20,000+, despite fitting on a workbench. It is nowhere near the complexity of a modern military turbofan with thousands of components, afterburners and advanced cooling systems. But that is what makes it fascinating, engineers have compressed the core mechanisms of a jet engine compression, combustion and expansion, into a machine small enough to hold. 📹 RC hobby

This is not a model engine pretending to be a jet engine. It is actually a complete gas turbine shrunk onto a test bench. Inside this small machine are a compressor, combustion chamber, turbine wheel, fuel system and digital engine controller, the same basic physics used in aircraft engines. At full power, this turbine reaches nearly 98,000 RPM over 1,600 revolutions every second while producing 280 N of thrust, equivalent to roughly 28 kg of pushing force. At nearly 98,000 RPM, even a tiny imbalance can destroy the turbine. The combustion chamber must survive exhaust temperatures approaching 700°C, while the fuel system continuously manages a core flame powerful enough to create 280 N of thrust without losing combustion stability. A high-end RC turbine can cost $7,000-20,000+, despite fitting on a workbench. It is nowhere near the complexity of a modern military turbofan with thousands of components, afterburners and advanced cooling systems. But that is what makes it fascinating, engineers have compressed the core mechanisms of a jet engine compression, combustion and expansion, into a machine small enough to hold. 📹 RC hobby

Ammanichanda

11,751 просмотров • 2 месяцев назад

The F-16’s afterburner boosts thrust by injecting additional fuel into the exhaust stream after the gases have already passed through the turbine. This creates a second stage of combustion that dramatically increases engine power. In normal operation, the engine compresses incoming air, burns it in the main combustion chamber, and uses the resulting energy to drive the turbine. The hot, high-speed exhaust then flows into the afterburner section, which contains flame holders—metal structures designed to stabilize the flame in the fast-moving airflow. When the pilot engages the afterburner, fuel is sprayed into this exhaust stream and ignites almost instantly. Because the exhaust still contains unused oxygen, the added fuel burns intensely, causing the gases to expand and exit the nozzle at much higher velocity. To maintain smooth airflow and prevent excessive pressure buildup, a variable-area nozzle opens wider. The outcome is a massive thrust increase—often 50% or more—accompanied by the bright, fiery plume that appears when the afterburner is active. 🔥✈️ 📸 by ig/fighteraircraft

The F-16’s afterburner boosts thrust by injecting additional fuel into the exhaust stream after the gases have already passed through the turbine. This creates a second stage of combustion that dramatically increases engine power. In normal operation, the engine compresses incoming air, burns it in the main combustion chamber, and uses the resulting energy to drive the turbine. The hot, high-speed exhaust then flows into the afterburner section, which contains flame holders—metal structures designed to stabilize the flame in the fast-moving airflow. When the pilot engages the afterburner, fuel is sprayed into this exhaust stream and ignites almost instantly. Because the exhaust still contains unused oxygen, the added fuel burns intensely, causing the gases to expand and exit the nozzle at much higher velocity. To maintain smooth airflow and prevent excessive pressure buildup, a variable-area nozzle opens wider. The outcome is a massive thrust increase—often 50% or more—accompanied by the bright, fiery plume that appears when the afterburner is active. 🔥✈️ 📸 by ig/fighteraircraft

aircraftmaintenancengineer

227,987 просмотров • 9 месяцев назад

A Pratt & Whitney F100 turbofan is one of the most successful fighter jet engines ever built. First run was in 1972, it still powers the F-15 and F-16 more than 50 years later. Over 7,200 engines have been built, collectively logging 32+ million flight hours. At full afterburner, it produces up to 129 kN or 29,000 lb of thrust while burning roughly 800-900 litres of jet fuel every minute. The afterburner, it's a second combustion stage that ignites fuel in the exhaust stream to generate maximum combat thrust. This test cell isn't checking if the engine starts. It's measuring vibration, temperatures, pressures, fuel flow, and thrust while a machine producing 29,000 pounds of force is bolted to the ground. What here looks like a routine engine test is actually one of the most demanding demonstrations of precision engineering in aerospace, Each brand new F100 engine is worth roughly $5-8 million, reflecting five decades of continuous refinement in fighter propulsion. 🎥kaydenh0dge

Ammanichanda

127,116 просмотров • 2 месяцев назад

The SR-71 Blackbird converts supersonic air to subsonic speeds using a movable, conical "spike" in the engine inlet that generates a series of shock waves, slowing air from over Mach 3 to roughly Mach 0.4 before it reaches the compressor. This process, crucial for the J58 engine, transforms high-speed, low-pressure air into high-pressure air at a manageable speed, generating a majority of the total thrust. Mechanism for Slowing Air •Inlet Spike Position: The sharp, cone-shaped spike moves up to 26 inches backward as the aircraft accelerates, optimizing shock wave alignment. •Oblique Shock Waves: At supersonic speeds, the spike produces a series of angled oblique shock waves that slow and compress the air. •Normal Shock Wave: A terminal shock wave forms at the inlet mouth, effectively slowing the air to subsonic velocity. •Variable Geometry: The inlet computer automatically manages the spike position and bypass doors to prevent "inlet unstart"—an immediate loss of thrust caused by shock wave misalignment. Benefits and Components •Pressure Conversion: The inlet acts like a "garden hose in reverse," where the reduction in speed is converted into massive pressure increase. •Subsonic Compression: The engine itself is a turbojet, which can only function on subsonic air. •Bypass Air: Excess air is bled off and reintroduced at the exhaust, adding more efficiency and thrust. •YouTube : How the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird works by Amimagraffs

The SR-71 Blackbird converts supersonic air to subsonic speeds using a movable, conical "spike" in the engine inlet that generates a series of shock waves, slowing air from over Mach 3 to roughly Mach 0.4 before it reaches the compressor. This process, crucial for the J58 engine, transforms high-speed, low-pressure air into high-pressure air at a manageable speed, generating a majority of the total thrust. Mechanism for Slowing Air •Inlet Spike Position: The sharp, cone-shaped spike moves up to 26 inches backward as the aircraft accelerates, optimizing shock wave alignment. •Oblique Shock Waves: At supersonic speeds, the spike produces a series of angled oblique shock waves that slow and compress the air. •Normal Shock Wave: A terminal shock wave forms at the inlet mouth, effectively slowing the air to subsonic velocity. •Variable Geometry: The inlet computer automatically manages the spike position and bypass doors to prevent "inlet unstart"—an immediate loss of thrust caused by shock wave misalignment. Benefits and Components •Pressure Conversion: The inlet acts like a "garden hose in reverse," where the reduction in speed is converted into massive pressure increase. •Subsonic Compression: The engine itself is a turbojet, which can only function on subsonic air. •Bypass Air: Excess air is bled off and reintroduced at the exhaust, adding more efficiency and thrust. •YouTube : How the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird works by Amimagraffs

Habubrats SR-71

71,946 просмотров • 4 месяцев назад

White Hole - A Black Hole With Time Reversed A White Hole is the time-reversed shadow of a Black Hole. It appears in the maximally extended Schwarzschild solution of General Relativity. The exterior geometry is the same ds² = −(1 − 2M/r)dt² + (1 − 2M/r)⁻¹dr² + r²dΩ² The difference is causal. A Black Hole lets paths enter but not escape. A White Hole lets paths emerge but not enter. No White Hole has been observed. But inside the equations of GR, the question is real: What does a Black Hole look like when time runs the other way?

White Hole - A Black Hole With Time Reversed A White Hole is the time-reversed shadow of a Black Hole. It appears in the maximally extended Schwarzschild solution of General Relativity. The exterior geometry is the same ds² = −(1 − 2M/r)dt² + (1 − 2M/r)⁻¹dr² + r²dΩ² The difference is causal. A Black Hole lets paths enter but not escape. A White Hole lets paths emerge but not enter. No White Hole has been observed. But inside the equations of GR, the question is real: What does a Black Hole look like when time runs the other way?

Mathelirium

74,866 просмотров • 4 месяцев назад

Hyundai Rotem has released a video introducing the LRAAM missile. It is currently being jointly developed with LIG Nex1. The integrated ducted ramjet propulsion is shown briefly. ●The difference from the initially revealed LRAAM is the addition of strakes. ●Since South Korea's numerous air-launched strike missile programs are considered first and the existence of the MBDA Meteor, the development period is generous and is scheduled to end in 2032. ●The consortium is competing with Hanwha Aerospace. ●The SRAAM short-range air-to-air missile is being developed by LIG Nex1. ●The solid fuel gas generator generates fuel-rich gas through primary combustion. Air entering through the air intake is mixed with the fuel-rich gas and then combusted a second time in the combustor to generate thrust. ●Ducted ramjet or ducted rocket propulsion systems simplify the fuel supply system and are lighter than liquid-fuel ramjet propulsion systems. Liquid-fueled ramjets offer better fuel efficiency and fuel supply control. However, they require additional fuel handling and are more expensive and heavier. ●As part of the recent success of its ground-launched hypersonic cruise vehicle, Hyundai Rotem also released CG of an air-launched hypersonic anti-ship cruise missile. The disclosed information mentions the use of hypersonic cruise missiles on land, sea, and air, and Hyundai Rotem is considered to be leading the way in cutting-edge engine and materials technology. ADD and Hanwha Aerospace are also participating in this sensitive program.

Hyundai Rotem has released a video introducing the LRAAM missile. It is currently being jointly developed with LIG Nex1. The integrated ducted ramjet propulsion is shown briefly. ●The difference from the initially revealed LRAAM is the addition of strakes. ●Since South Korea's numerous air-launched strike missile programs are considered first and the existence of the MBDA Meteor, the development period is generous and is scheduled to end in 2032. ●The consortium is competing with Hanwha Aerospace. ●The SRAAM short-range air-to-air missile is being developed by LIG Nex1. ●The solid fuel gas generator generates fuel-rich gas through primary combustion. Air entering through the air intake is mixed with the fuel-rich gas and then combusted a second time in the combustor to generate thrust. ●Ducted ramjet or ducted rocket propulsion systems simplify the fuel supply system and are lighter than liquid-fuel ramjet propulsion systems. Liquid-fueled ramjets offer better fuel efficiency and fuel supply control. However, they require additional fuel handling and are more expensive and heavier. ●As part of the recent success of its ground-launched hypersonic cruise vehicle, Hyundai Rotem also released CG of an air-launched hypersonic anti-ship cruise missile. The disclosed information mentions the use of hypersonic cruise missiles on land, sea, and air, and Hyundai Rotem is considered to be leading the way in cutting-edge engine and materials technology. ADD and Hanwha Aerospace are also participating in this sensitive program.

Mason ヨンハク

71,114 просмотров • 8 месяцев назад

A laser can ride a falling stream of water. Shine it through a hole in a milk-clouded soda bottle and the beam stays trapped by total internal reflection, the same physics as fiber optics, just liquid and gravity doing the guiding.

A laser can ride a falling stream of water. Shine it through a hole in a milk-clouded soda bottle and the beam stays trapped by total internal reflection, the same physics as fiber optics, just liquid and gravity doing the guiding.

Bluntly Put Philosopher (BPP)

537,341 просмотров • 8 месяцев назад

A computer that needs fire instead of a power outlet Enthusiast built a real steampunk computer that generates electricity from a flame. No batteries or power supply — the fire heats a miniature Stirling engine, which drives a generator to produce electricity. The principle is simple: heated gas inside the engine expands and pushes a piston, then cools and contracts. The cycle repeats, spinning a flywheel that turns the generator. The system produces only about 150 mW, so the computer is extremely energy-efficient. It uses an ESP32-C3, a monochrome 128×64 OLED display and a 16-key keyboard. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are disabled, and the processor clock speed has been reduced. Yet even that tiny amount of power is enough to run CHIP-8, including games such as Tetris, Snake and Pong. The creator also built in a simple editor that lets users write their own programs directly on the “fire-powered” computer. And the Stirling engine itself is more than two centuries old — Robert Stirling patented it back in 1816. Video: YouTube/PickentCode

A computer that needs fire instead of a power outlet Enthusiast built a real steampunk computer that generates electricity from a flame. No batteries or power supply — the fire heats a miniature Stirling engine, which drives a generator to produce electricity. The principle is simple: heated gas inside the engine expands and pushes a piston, then cools and contracts. The cycle repeats, spinning a flywheel that turns the generator. The system produces only about 150 mW, so the computer is extremely energy-efficient. It uses an ESP32-C3, a monochrome 128×64 OLED display and a 16-key keyboard. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are disabled, and the processor clock speed has been reduced. Yet even that tiny amount of power is enough to run CHIP-8, including games such as Tetris, Snake and Pong. The creator also built in a simple editor that lets users write their own programs directly on the “fire-powered” computer. And the Stirling engine itself is more than two centuries old — Robert Stirling patented it back in 1816. Video: YouTube/PickentCode

NEXTA

43,394 просмотров • 19 дней назад

A chemical anchor works by bonding a steel rod or bolt into concrete with a two-part resin instead of relying on expansion. You drill a hole, clean it, inject or insert the resin (or a capsule), then push in the threaded rod. Mixing the resin and hardener starts a chemical reaction. As it cures, it fills the hole, grips the threads, and locks the fastener into the concrete. Once set, the load is carried by the bond, not by wedging the hole open.

A chemical anchor works by bonding a steel rod or bolt into concrete with a two-part resin instead of relying on expansion. You drill a hole, clean it, inject or insert the resin (or a capsule), then push in the threaded rod. Mixing the resin and hardener starts a chemical reaction. As it cures, it fills the hole, grips the threads, and locks the fastener into the concrete. Once set, the load is carried by the bond, not by wedging the hole open.

World of Engineering

123,717 просмотров • 11 дней назад

Travis Taylor: "Our Universe lives inside a Black Hole" 😱 “The math keeps pointing to the same place. A black hole between 5 and 10 solar masses, with the best fit right around 7.2.” He arrived at the model by starting with something unexpected: the way video game world maps handle boundaries. That led him to event horizons, then to a Hawking radiation analogy that locked the numbers in place. The paper and the calculations line up on a stellar mass black hole as the container for everything we observe. If the model holds, the edge of our observable universe is not just a light-travel limit. It is the event horizon of a black hole whose mass sits in that narrow 5 to 10 solar mass window, peaking near 7.2. The same mathematics that describe the interior geometry of such a black hole also reproduce the expansion history and the cosmic horizon we measure. It is a clean, testable claim built from the paper’s equations rather than speculation. The numbers either fit or they do not. So far they do.

Travis Taylor: "Our Universe lives inside a Black Hole" 😱 “The math keeps pointing to the same place. A black hole between 5 and 10 solar masses, with the best fit right around 7.2.” He arrived at the model by starting with something unexpected: the way video game world maps handle boundaries. That led him to event horizons, then to a Hawking radiation analogy that locked the numbers in place. The paper and the calculations line up on a stellar mass black hole as the container for everything we observe. If the model holds, the edge of our observable universe is not just a light-travel limit. It is the event horizon of a black hole whose mass sits in that narrow 5 to 10 solar mass window, peaking near 7.2. The same mathematics that describe the interior geometry of such a black hole also reproduce the expansion history and the cosmic horizon we measure. It is a clean, testable claim built from the paper’s equations rather than speculation. The numbers either fit or they do not. So far they do.

Interstellar

75,578 просмотров • 1 месяц назад

James Sample: In the state of Georgia, there was a count, a recount, and there was a re-recount. All of the challenges that led to those counts in Georgia in 2020, is now the basis on which the affidavit for the warrant that was used to raid the Fulton County Election Office and seize those election materials. It is the same exact individuals, it is the same exact argument, and it is the same exact "evidence" that's being used, all of which was disproven time and again.

James Sample: In the state of Georgia, there was a count, a recount, and there was a re-recount. All of the challenges that led to those counts in Georgia in 2020, is now the basis on which the affidavit for the warrant that was used to raid the Fulton County Election Office and seize those election materials. It is the same exact individuals, it is the same exact argument, and it is the same exact "evidence" that's being used, all of which was disproven time and again.

Blue Georgia

23,281 просмотров • 7 месяцев назад

I love the Clone Wars so much because it'll have a scene where Jar Jar is doing dumb shit at a dinner party and then immediately follow it up with one of the hardest last stand scenes in the franchise

I love the Clone Wars so much because it'll have a scene where Jar Jar is doing dumb shit at a dinner party and then immediately follow it up with one of the hardest last stand scenes in the franchise

MA5K CEO

591,639 просмотров • 2 лет назад

This bioaas svstem turns animal manure into a useful source of energy. First, the manure is olaced inside a sealed tank, where bacteria beair breaking down the organic material without oxygen. During this natural process, biogas is produced and collected inside the system. The gas then travels through a pipe to a stove where it can be burned as fuel

This bioaas svstem turns animal manure into a useful source of energy. First, the manure is olaced inside a sealed tank, where bacteria beair breaking down the organic material without oxygen. During this natural process, biogas is produced and collected inside the system. The gas then travels through a pipe to a stove where it can be burned as fuel

terrine💫

268,398 просмотров • 1 месяц назад

a shape with no inside. he filled it with water anyway pour water in and it stops almost immediately. the air has nowhere to escape, so it just sits there blocking you. tilt it and you get a little more in, then it blocks again so he put the whole thing in a vacuum chamber turn it on and the bottle starts bubbling. that's the air being pulled out through the neck, leaving as close to nothing inside as he can get then he lets the pressure back in, and the water rushes up into the empty space on its own still not full. so he runs it again, rarefying the smaller pocket of air that's left, and again after that here's the part that breaks your head: for a shape to have volume, it has to split the world in two. a ball does that. stretch it however you want, there's always a world inside and a world outside a Klein bottle has no such line. follow its surface and you never cross a boundary, never pass through a wall, never end up anywhere that isn't the same side you started on the inside is the outside. so there's nothing there to fill he filled it anyway that's the same shape as the room below. no plot, no payoff, just a question your brain won't drop -> can a thing with no inside hold anything at all two videos, two impossible questions, 20 million views between them. Paone broke down why this format works in the article underneath save this. the most watched thing today was a shape that shouldn't be able to hold anything, holding water

a shape with no inside. he filled it with water anyway pour water in and it stops almost immediately. the air has nowhere to escape, so it just sits there blocking you. tilt it and you get a little more in, then it blocks again so he put the whole thing in a vacuum chamber turn it on and the bottle starts bubbling. that's the air being pulled out through the neck, leaving as close to nothing inside as he can get then he lets the pressure back in, and the water rushes up into the empty space on its own still not full. so he runs it again, rarefying the smaller pocket of air that's left, and again after that here's the part that breaks your head: for a shape to have volume, it has to split the world in two. a ball does that. stretch it however you want, there's always a world inside and a world outside a Klein bottle has no such line. follow its surface and you never cross a boundary, never pass through a wall, never end up anywhere that isn't the same side you started on the inside is the outside. so there's nothing there to fill he filled it anyway that's the same shape as the room below. no plot, no payoff, just a question your brain won't drop -> can a thing with no inside hold anything at all two videos, two impossible questions, 20 million views between them. Paone broke down why this format works in the article underneath save this. the most watched thing today was a shape that shouldn't be able to hold anything, holding water

Banff

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