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Actin filaments that drive amnioserosa cell shape changes during dorsal closure in Drosophila, (i.e., cytoskeletal contractions during fruit fly development) as seen by grazing incidence structured illumination microscopy:

Eric Betzig

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15,972 Aufrufe • vor 2 Jahren •via X (Twitter)

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João Menezesvor 2 Jahren

5 complete nuclei surround by others? Is that it? The thick spikes at the periphery? Thin thread around nuclei? And, are they dancing rumba or samba?

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#FluorescenceFriday #cellbiology #bioart Three examples of mitochondrial remodeling by lysosomes/late endosomes actively transported along microtubules, as seen by grazing incidence structured illumination microscopy at 1-2 frames/sec.

#FluorescenceFriday #cellbiology #bioart Three examples of mitochondrial remodeling by lysosomes/late endosomes actively transported along microtubules, as seen by grazing incidence structured illumination microscopy at 1-2 frames/sec.

Eric Betzig

23,102 Aufrufe • vor 2 Jahren

Relationship between chromosomes (orange) and the mitotic spindle (green) in four stages of cell division, as seen by Bessel Beam plane structured illumination microscopy

Relationship between chromosomes (orange) and the mitotic spindle (green) in four stages of cell division, as seen by Bessel Beam plane structured illumination microscopy

Eric Betzig

64,820 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr

#FluorescenceFriday #cellbiology #bioart The interior of the cell is a busy place, as seen by grazing incidence structured illumination microscopy at 30 frames per minute: Lysosomes (green) can become corralled by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER, magenta), but can also remodel the ER when they are actively transported at high speed along microtubules (MTs, yellow). ER tubules are also remodeled directly when they associate with the growing or shrinking ends of MTs.

#FluorescenceFriday #cellbiology #bioart The interior of the cell is a busy place, as seen by grazing incidence structured illumination microscopy at 30 frames per minute: Lysosomes (green) can become corralled by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER, magenta), but can also remodel the ER when they are actively transported at high speed along microtubules (MTs, yellow). ER tubules are also remodeled directly when they associate with the growing or shrinking ends of MTs.

Eric Betzig

41,991 Aufrufe • vor 2 Jahren

This video is one of the first times I thought biology was “cool.” It shows a neutrophil cell chasing a bacterium. Originally recorded in the 1950s by David Rogers at Vanderbilt University, the video gave me a deeper appreciation for life, even at the level of a single cell, because the neutrophil's movements seem so intentful, purposeful, aware. It wasn’t until recently, though, that I actually tried to demystify the neutrophil’s movements and understand how they happen. Here's what I learned: 1. The neutrophil's surface has thousands of protein receptors. Molecules secreted by the bacteria collide with these receptors. When that happens, the proteins change shape, slightly, and initiate a signaling cascade. 2. The neutrophil “knows” where to go because of a discrepancy in bound vs. unbound receptors. The side of the cell closest to the microbe will, probabilistically, have more "bound" receptors than the other side (because the molecules secreted by the microbe have a concentration gradient). This is how the neutrophil figures out which way to move. 3. Each bound receptor activates several G proteins located inside the cell membrane. Each G protein, in turn, switches on PI3K enzymes. In this way, the original signal is amplified; a single "activated" receptor might cause ~100 copies of PI3K to get switched on downstream. 4. The PI3K enzymes stick phosphates onto lipids in the cell membrane. The side of the neutrophil facing the bacterium now has more phosphates than the "back" side. Phosphate-binding proteins, such as GEF, accumulate and then recruit Rac, thus activating it. Rac, in turn, acts like a molecular switch, ultimately recruiting Arp2/3. (TL;DR: A bunch of proteins get activated, and the high phosphate concentration at the leading edge is the key signal for all this.) 5. At any given moment, the neutrophil has millions of actin molecules. These are the proteins used to build the cytoskeleton. Half of the actins are already “assembled” into filaments, but the other half are just floating around. Arp2/3 acts as a nucleator, grabbing onto actin and then starting a new cytoskeletal branch. More actin is assembled at the leading edge (where the Arp2/3 has accumulated), where they each push on the cell membrane with ~2 piconewtons of force. Hundreds of actin chains, pushing together, causes the cell to form protrusions. 6. The assembling actin chains push the cell at a speed of ~20 micrometers per minute (the length of about ten E. coli cells placed end-to-end.) As all of this is happening, another signaling cascade, nucleated at the back end of the cell, is dismantling actin filaments and recycling them. All this happens over a span of about 30 seconds. Much of this process is invisible; what we see, instead, is "just" a cell chasing its prey. But that's the wonderful thing about biology: A singular observation is usually more than enough fodder for a lifetime of work. The well is deep. There is always more to learn.

This video is one of the first times I thought biology was “cool.” It shows a neutrophil cell chasing a bacterium. Originally recorded in the 1950s by David Rogers at Vanderbilt University, the video gave me a deeper appreciation for life, even at the level of a single cell, because the neutrophil's movements seem so intentful, purposeful, aware. It wasn’t until recently, though, that I actually tried to demystify the neutrophil’s movements and understand how they happen. Here's what I learned: 1. The neutrophil's surface has thousands of protein receptors. Molecules secreted by the bacteria collide with these receptors. When that happens, the proteins change shape, slightly, and initiate a signaling cascade. 2. The neutrophil “knows” where to go because of a discrepancy in bound vs. unbound receptors. The side of the cell closest to the microbe will, probabilistically, have more "bound" receptors than the other side (because the molecules secreted by the microbe have a concentration gradient). This is how the neutrophil figures out which way to move. 3. Each bound receptor activates several G proteins located inside the cell membrane. Each G protein, in turn, switches on PI3K enzymes. In this way, the original signal is amplified; a single "activated" receptor might cause ~100 copies of PI3K to get switched on downstream. 4. The PI3K enzymes stick phosphates onto lipids in the cell membrane. The side of the neutrophil facing the bacterium now has more phosphates than the "back" side. Phosphate-binding proteins, such as GEF, accumulate and then recruit Rac, thus activating it. Rac, in turn, acts like a molecular switch, ultimately recruiting Arp2/3. (TL;DR: A bunch of proteins get activated, and the high phosphate concentration at the leading edge is the key signal for all this.) 5. At any given moment, the neutrophil has millions of actin molecules. These are the proteins used to build the cytoskeleton. Half of the actins are already “assembled” into filaments, but the other half are just floating around. Arp2/3 acts as a nucleator, grabbing onto actin and then starting a new cytoskeletal branch. More actin is assembled at the leading edge (where the Arp2/3 has accumulated), where they each push on the cell membrane with ~2 piconewtons of force. Hundreds of actin chains, pushing together, causes the cell to form protrusions. 6. The assembling actin chains push the cell at a speed of ~20 micrometers per minute (the length of about ten E. coli cells placed end-to-end.) As all of this is happening, another signaling cascade, nucleated at the back end of the cell, is dismantling actin filaments and recycling them. All this happens over a span of about 30 seconds. Much of this process is invisible; what we see, instead, is "just" a cell chasing its prey. But that's the wonderful thing about biology: A singular observation is usually more than enough fodder for a lifetime of work. The well is deep. There is always more to learn.

Niko McCarty.

127,270 Aufrufe • vor 7 Monaten

1️⃣ During the 18th TKDCD National Congress, supported by the unconditional scientific contributions of INVAMED, sessions were held to discuss innovative treatment solutions developed through the expertise and knowledge of Turkish scientists and cardiovascular surgeons. At INVAMED, we take pride in industrializing these advanced technologies while emphasizing the significant contributions of our scientists and surgeons in their development. Many of these innovations are protected by patents, which stand as a testament to the ingenuity and dedication of our research and clinical teams. It is a privilege to witness and contribute to such remarkable milestones that drive progress in science and technology. Here, we are delighted to share highlights from these impactful sessions through a series of video clips.

1️⃣ During the 18th TKDCD National Congress, supported by the unconditional scientific contributions of INVAMED, sessions were held to discuss innovative treatment solutions developed through the expertise and knowledge of Turkish scientists and cardiovascular surgeons. At INVAMED, we take pride in industrializing these advanced technologies while emphasizing the significant contributions of our scientists and surgeons in their development. Many of these innovations are protected by patents, which stand as a testament to the ingenuity and dedication of our research and clinical teams. It is a privilege to witness and contribute to such remarkable milestones that drive progress in science and technology. Here, we are delighted to share highlights from these impactful sessions through a series of video clips.

Raşit Dinç

135,469 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr

🚨’The Hit Is In’ for Marwan Barghouti Freed prisoner Mahmoud al-Ara’dah told Al Araby TV that Marwan Barghouti, the veteran Fatah leader widely seen as a singular unifying political figure, is “the number one targeted prisoner in the system.” He said that “from the moment the war began, a war began against Marwan and against his family.” Ben Gvir, he added, personally entered Barghouti’s cell and told him: “You will go out in a wheelchair. We will execute you.” After eight months in solitary confinement at Rimon, Barghouti was transferred to Megiddo prison — which al-Ara’dah described as “a real slaughterhouse” where “major crimes are taking place.” He said the “hit is there” for Barghouti. Earlier today, the Palestinian Prisoners’ Media Office reported Barghouti lost consciousness and suffered four broken ribs after being brutalized by Israeli guards during his transfer from Rimon to Megiddo Prison in mid-September.

🚨’The Hit Is In’ for Marwan Barghouti Freed prisoner Mahmoud al-Ara’dah told Al Araby TV that Marwan Barghouti, the veteran Fatah leader widely seen as a singular unifying political figure, is “the number one targeted prisoner in the system.” He said that “from the moment the war began, a war began against Marwan and against his family.” Ben Gvir, he added, personally entered Barghouti’s cell and told him: “You will go out in a wheelchair. We will execute you.” After eight months in solitary confinement at Rimon, Barghouti was transferred to Megiddo prison — which al-Ara’dah described as “a real slaughterhouse” where “major crimes are taking place.” He said the “hit is there” for Barghouti. Earlier today, the Palestinian Prisoners’ Media Office reported Barghouti lost consciousness and suffered four broken ribs after being brutalized by Israeli guards during his transfer from Rimon to Megiddo Prison in mid-September.

Drop Site

449,520 Aufrufe • vor 10 Monaten

𝗣𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗛𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗻 𝗟𝗲𝗮𝗱𝘀 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰 𝗘𝗳𝗳𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝗥𝗲𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝗦𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗮 𝗮𝗻𝗱 #𝗦𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱 During the 26th June Independence Day celebrations, President Hassan emphasized in his speech that he is doing everything possible to bring Somaliland back into national unity. President Hassan will be the first Somali head of state to make meaningful progress toward restoring national unity if he succeeds. This development comes at a time when the President of the Somaliland administration visited Qatar, following an invitation extended by the Qatari government. The timing suggests that talks between the Federal Government of Somalia and Somaliland may soon resume, with hopes that a lasting resolution can be achieved. Qatar has consistently played a successful role in mediation efforts and is once again seen as a potentially effective mediator in this delicate national matter. #Somalia

𝗣𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗛𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗻 𝗟𝗲𝗮𝗱𝘀 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰 𝗘𝗳𝗳𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝗥𝗲𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝗦𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗮 𝗮𝗻𝗱 #𝗦𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱 During the 26th June Independence Day celebrations, President Hassan emphasized in his speech that he is doing everything possible to bring Somaliland back into national unity. President Hassan will be the first Somali head of state to make meaningful progress toward restoring national unity if he succeeds. This development comes at a time when the President of the Somaliland administration visited Qatar, following an invitation extended by the Qatari government. The timing suggests that talks between the Federal Government of Somalia and Somaliland may soon resume, with hopes that a lasting resolution can be achieved. Qatar has consistently played a successful role in mediation efforts and is once again seen as a potentially effective mediator in this delicate national matter. #Somalia

Abdikarin Dahir 🇸🇴🇹🇷

18,165 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr

Thomas Sankara is widely recognised as the finest leader in Burkina Faso's post-independence history. He became the president of the country which was then known as Upper Volta at the age of 33 in 1983, and during just 4 years in power, his revolutionary government recorded some of the most significant positive changes in living standards and human development indices in the country's entire history. In this clip taken from the 1991 documentary "Thomas Sankara: l'espoir assassiné," directed by Congolese filmmaker Balufu Bakupa-Kanyinda, Sankara describes how the ideology that animated his approach to governance was shaped by his realisation that it made no sense to run an entire country for the benefit of a tiny portion of its population, while the majority of its people remained trapped in multidimensional poverty and immiseration. Despite his impressive achievements as president of Burkina Faso, Sankara was later assassinated in a 1987 French-backed coup led by his close companion Blaise Campaoré. In 2014, Campaoré was forced to flee to Cote d'Ivoire where he remains to date, after his forces responded violently to popular protests against the proposed extension of his 27-year rule. The current Burkinabé president Ibrahim Traoré openly acknowledges Sankara as a major influence and inspiration behind his government's revolutionary ideas.

Thomas Sankara is widely recognised as the finest leader in Burkina Faso's post-independence history. He became the president of the country which was then known as Upper Volta at the age of 33 in 1983, and during just 4 years in power, his revolutionary government recorded some of the most significant positive changes in living standards and human development indices in the country's entire history. In this clip taken from the 1991 documentary "Thomas Sankara: l'espoir assassiné," directed by Congolese filmmaker Balufu Bakupa-Kanyinda, Sankara describes how the ideology that animated his approach to governance was shaped by his realisation that it made no sense to run an entire country for the benefit of a tiny portion of its population, while the majority of its people remained trapped in multidimensional poverty and immiseration. Despite his impressive achievements as president of Burkina Faso, Sankara was later assassinated in a 1987 French-backed coup led by his close companion Blaise Campaoré. In 2014, Campaoré was forced to flee to Cote d'Ivoire where he remains to date, after his forces responded violently to popular protests against the proposed extension of his 27-year rule. The current Burkinabé president Ibrahim Traoré openly acknowledges Sankara as a major influence and inspiration behind his government's revolutionary ideas.

The Spearhead

15,823 Aufrufe • vor 9 Monaten

Tides of Annihilation has been in development for 4 years and is shaping up to be one of my most anticipated games 🔹Inspired by Arthurian legend and set in modern London and mythical Avalon 🔹Play as Gwendolyn, who has the ability to summon and command spectral forms of the Knights of the Round Table 🔹Dual Frontline Battle System means that two sets of knights can be set up at a time and switched freely between during fights and combos 🔹Trailer shows Gwendolyn and Lamorak being controlled simultaneously to fight inside and outside a Mirror Space Folded Realm 🔹Will have levels and skill trees, knight configuration, weapon changes, and equipment and accessory configuration 🔹Character customization outwardly visible elements, such as clothing, hair color, and makeup

Tides of Annihilation has been in development for 4 years and is shaping up to be one of my most anticipated games 🔹Inspired by Arthurian legend and set in modern London and mythical Avalon 🔹Play as Gwendolyn, who has the ability to summon and command spectral forms of the Knights of the Round Table 🔹Dual Frontline Battle System means that two sets of knights can be set up at a time and switched freely between during fights and combos 🔹Trailer shows Gwendolyn and Lamorak being controlled simultaneously to fight inside and outside a Mirror Space Folded Realm 🔹Will have levels and skill trees, knight configuration, weapon changes, and equipment and accessory configuration 🔹Character customization outwardly visible elements, such as clothing, hair color, and makeup

Game Hunter 🔜 GAMESCOM

447,482 Aufrufe • vor 5 Monaten

BREAKING: Woman shot and killed by ICE agent during altercation in Minneapolis. This is a developing situation. — Video analysis provided by Josh Brooks : Cell phone footage recorded near East 34th Street and Portland Avenue shows members of ICE attempting to clear a blocked road during on-going operations in the Minneapolis area. It's unclear exactly what caused the individual driving the vehicle to block the road, but it's likely that the person was attempting to impede ICE operations in the area which is fairly normal for downtown Minneapolis. After several seconds, the vehicle in question attempts to drive away from the ICE agents that are confronting the driver. The wheels of the suspect vehicle slip on the ice before the driver gets traction and starts to speed away from the scene, prompting the ICE agents to open fire, killing the driver and causing them to crash into an adjacent power pole and vehicle. Due to the angle of the recording camera, it's unclear if the ICE agent was in front of the vehicle, which would likely justify the shooting as cars are commonly referred to as deadly weapons when the driver turns them into a battering ram against law enforcement.

BREAKING: Woman shot and killed by ICE agent during altercation in Minneapolis. This is a developing situation. — Video analysis provided by Josh Brooks : Cell phone footage recorded near East 34th Street and Portland Avenue shows members of ICE attempting to clear a blocked road during on-going operations in the Minneapolis area. It's unclear exactly what caused the individual driving the vehicle to block the road, but it's likely that the person was attempting to impede ICE operations in the area which is fairly normal for downtown Minneapolis. After several seconds, the vehicle in question attempts to drive away from the ICE agents that are confronting the driver. The wheels of the suspect vehicle slip on the ice before the driver gets traction and starts to speed away from the scene, prompting the ICE agents to open fire, killing the driver and causing them to crash into an adjacent power pole and vehicle. Due to the angle of the recording camera, it's unclear if the ICE agent was in front of the vehicle, which would likely justify the shooting as cars are commonly referred to as deadly weapons when the driver turns them into a battering ram against law enforcement.

FUNKER530

2,492,929 Aufrufe • vor 7 Monaten

Single-cell technologies now let us profile entire transcriptomes in individual cells. But how do we make sense of this complexity in a biologically meaningful way? Many methods summarise cells into a single embedding, but this often comes at the cost of interpretability, especially when multiple gene programs are active at once. We developed Tripso, a self-supervised transformer model that represents cells through multiple gene program-specific embeddings, while also uncovering new programs directly from the data. Instead of collapsing biology into a single vector, Tripso decomposes cell state into multiple representations, each reflecting a different gene program. We explored this across multiple systems. In human hematopoiesis, spanning development to aging, Tripso identified distinct age-associated program activity, including stronger JAK-STAT signalling in early life and dynamic IKZF1-related changes during B cell maturation. By comparing in vitro culture conditions with in vivo hematopoietic stem cell states, Tripso suggested that targeting the SEC61 translocon could enhance stem cell maintenance ex vivo, a prediction that we subsequently validated experimentally. In parallel, we identified a previously uncharacterised tissue-resident memory T-cell program associated with atopic dermatitis and mapped it to distinct spatial immune niches Together, these results show how modelling cells through gene programs can lead to interpretable and experimentally testable insights. More broadly, this work points toward a more interpretable and biologically grounded models of cell state. As single-cell datasets continue to grow, we hope approaches like Tripso will help bridge the gap between data-driven representations and biological insight. This work wouldn’t have been possible without the contributions of an amazing team. Thank you to co-first authors Marie, Tomoya Isobe, Amirhosein Vahidi, Carlo Leonardi, and everyone from roser's Lab, Haniffa Lab, Nicola Wilson and Bertie Gottgens's Lab, bringing together expertise across Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Open Targets, Wellcome Sanger Institute and Cambridge University. Marie is one of the very best PhD students I have ever supervised. She is truly a force of nature, exceptionally resourceful, deeply innovative, and one of the most impressive scientists I have worked with. I am immensely proud of her and all that she has accomplished. As she begins her internship at Genentech , I have no doubt she will do amazing work there and continue to make her mark. paper: code:

Mo Lotfollahi

22,498 Aufrufe • vor 4 Monaten

In a televised “briefing” earlier today to President Vladimir Putin, Russian Chief of the General Staff, Gen. Valery Gerasimov, announced that the Russian Armed Forces had carried out a successful test on October 21 of the 9M730 Burevestnik, a low-flying, nuclear-powered, nuclear-armed cruise missile in development since at least 2018, with Gerasimov claiming that during the test the missile traveled 14,000 kilometers and was airborne for 15 hours, likely over the Arctic and Northern Russia. The Burevestnik appears to be Russia’s take on the Supersonic Low Altitude Missile (SLAM), a nuclear-powered ramjet cruise missile that was being developed by the United States under Project Pluto in the 1960s. However, SLAM and Project Pluto were eventually deemed obsolete and terminated in 1964, due to rapid advancements in the development of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM). SLAM was also seen as extremely susceptible to surface-to-air missiles due to its low-altitude and slow speed, and additionally would throw off immense amounts of radiation while enroute to its target, which would have likely contaminated large areas across Europe.

In a televised “briefing” earlier today to President Vladimir Putin, Russian Chief of the General Staff, Gen. Valery Gerasimov, announced that the Russian Armed Forces had carried out a successful test on October 21 of the 9M730 Burevestnik, a low-flying, nuclear-powered, nuclear-armed cruise missile in development since at least 2018, with Gerasimov claiming that during the test the missile traveled 14,000 kilometers and was airborne for 15 hours, likely over the Arctic and Northern Russia. The Burevestnik appears to be Russia’s take on the Supersonic Low Altitude Missile (SLAM), a nuclear-powered ramjet cruise missile that was being developed by the United States under Project Pluto in the 1960s. However, SLAM and Project Pluto were eventually deemed obsolete and terminated in 1964, due to rapid advancements in the development of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM). SLAM was also seen as extremely susceptible to surface-to-air missiles due to its low-altitude and slow speed, and additionally would throw off immense amounts of radiation while enroute to its target, which would have likely contaminated large areas across Europe.

OSINTdefender

251,444 Aufrufe • vor 9 Monaten

New short course: Evaluating AI Agents! Evals are important for driving AI system improvements, and in this course you'll learn to systematically assess and improve an AI agent’s performance. This is built in partnership with Arize AI and taught by John Gilhuly, Head of Developer Relations, and , Director of Product. I've often found evals to be a critical tool in the agent development process - they can be the difference between picking the right thing to work on vs. wasting weeks of effort. Whether you’re building a shopping assistant, coding agent, or research assistant, having a structured evaluation process helps you refine its performance systematically, rather than relying on random trial and error. This course shows you how to structure your evals to assess the performance of each component of an agent and its end-to-end performance. For each component, you select the appropriate evaluators, test examples, and performance metrics. This helps you identify areas for improvement both during development and in production. (If you're familiar with error analysis in supervised learning, think of this as adapting those ideas to agentic workflows.) In this course, you'll build an AI agent, and add observability to visualize and debug its steps. You’ll learn about code-based evals, in which you write code explicitly to test a certain step, as well as LLM-as-a-Judge evals, in which you prompt an LLM to efficiently come up with ways to evaluate more open-ended outputs. In detail, you’ll: - Understand key differences between evaluating LLM-based systems and traditional software testing. - Add observability to an agent by collecting traces of the steps taken by the agent and visualizing them - Choose the appropriate evaluator - code-based, LLM-as-a-Judge, human-annotation based - for each component. - Compute a convergence score to evaluate if your agent can respond to a query in an efficient number of steps. - Run structured experiments to improve the agent’s performance by exploring changes to the prompt, LLM model, or the agent’s logic. - Understand how to deploy these evaluation techniques to monitor the agent’s performance in production. By the end of this course, you’ll know how to trace AI agents, systematically evaluate them, and improve their performance. Please sign up here:

New short course: Evaluating AI Agents! Evals are important for driving AI system improvements, and in this course you'll learn to systematically assess and improve an AI agent’s performance. This is built in partnership with Arize AI and taught by John Gilhuly, Head of Developer Relations, and , Director of Product. I've often found evals to be a critical tool in the agent development process - they can be the difference between picking the right thing to work on vs. wasting weeks of effort. Whether you’re building a shopping assistant, coding agent, or research assistant, having a structured evaluation process helps you refine its performance systematically, rather than relying on random trial and error. This course shows you how to structure your evals to assess the performance of each component of an agent and its end-to-end performance. For each component, you select the appropriate evaluators, test examples, and performance metrics. This helps you identify areas for improvement both during development and in production. (If you're familiar with error analysis in supervised learning, think of this as adapting those ideas to agentic workflows.) In this course, you'll build an AI agent, and add observability to visualize and debug its steps. You’ll learn about code-based evals, in which you write code explicitly to test a certain step, as well as LLM-as-a-Judge evals, in which you prompt an LLM to efficiently come up with ways to evaluate more open-ended outputs. In detail, you’ll: - Understand key differences between evaluating LLM-based systems and traditional software testing. - Add observability to an agent by collecting traces of the steps taken by the agent and visualizing them - Choose the appropriate evaluator - code-based, LLM-as-a-Judge, human-annotation based - for each component. - Compute a convergence score to evaluate if your agent can respond to a query in an efficient number of steps. - Run structured experiments to improve the agent’s performance by exploring changes to the prompt, LLM model, or the agent’s logic. - Understand how to deploy these evaluation techniques to monitor the agent’s performance in production. By the end of this course, you’ll know how to trace AI agents, systematically evaluate them, and improve their performance. Please sign up here:

Andrew Ng

126,478 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr

Your attention please: Is there a mother on the plane? ✈️ 😂 I often write about the brain development of young children. But did you know that babies’ brains aren’t the only ones growing and changing after their arrival? It’s time we talked about “Parent Brain.” A growing body of evidence suggests that the brains of primary caregivers (mothers, fathers and even non-biological parents) undergo change during the transition to parenthood. Just as infancy is a critical developmental window for children, parents’ brains adapt as a result of hormonal activations designed to stimulate caregiving instincts. Did you know, for example, that the sound of a crying baby stimulates activity in the brains of parents in ways that are not experienced by non-parents? Just as babies’ reflexes are designed to optimize their chances at thriving and surviving, so too does biology work to ensure their wellbeing in the brains of their parents. Accompanying these changes is a specialized set of parental knowledge - like how to collapse a double stroller. 😀 Witness as a group of (presumptive) non-parents have a go at folding one up on an airport tarmac. Their lesson of the day: Being a parent is not as easy as it looks. 🎥 lateplaneguy TT

Your attention please: Is there a mother on the plane? ✈️ 😂 I often write about the brain development of young children. But did you know that babies’ brains aren’t the only ones growing and changing after their arrival? It’s time we talked about “Parent Brain.” A growing body of evidence suggests that the brains of primary caregivers (mothers, fathers and even non-biological parents) undergo change during the transition to parenthood. Just as infancy is a critical developmental window for children, parents’ brains adapt as a result of hormonal activations designed to stimulate caregiving instincts. Did you know, for example, that the sound of a crying baby stimulates activity in the brains of parents in ways that are not experienced by non-parents? Just as babies’ reflexes are designed to optimize their chances at thriving and surviving, so too does biology work to ensure their wellbeing in the brains of their parents. Accompanying these changes is a specialized set of parental knowledge - like how to collapse a double stroller. 😀 Witness as a group of (presumptive) non-parents have a go at folding one up on an airport tarmac. Their lesson of the day: Being a parent is not as easy as it looks. 🎥 lateplaneguy TT

Dan Wuori

242,279 Aufrufe • vor 3 Jahren

Introducing Kiro, an all-new agentic IDE that has a chance to transform how developers build software. Let me highlight three key innovations that make Kiro special: 1 - Kiro introduces spec-driven development, helping developers express their intent clearly through natural language specifications and architecture diagrams for complex features. This comprehensive context helps Kiro’s AI agents deliver better results with fewer iterations. 2 - Kiro features intelligent agent hooks that automatically handle critical but time-consuming tasks like generating documentation, writing tests, and optimizing performance. These hooks work in the background, triggered by events like saving files or making commits. It’s like having an experienced developer constantly reviewing your work and handling the maintenance tasks that often get delayed. 3 - Kiro provides a purpose-built interface that adapts to how developers work. Whether you prefer chat interactions or working with specifications, Kiro supports your workflow while keeping you in control of the development process. Kiro is really good at "vibe coding" but goes well beyond that. While other AI coding assistants might help you prototype quickly, Kiro helps you take those prototypes all the way to production by following a mature, structured development process out of the box. This means developers can spend less time on boilerplate code and more time where it matters most – innovating and building solutions that customers will love. Starting today, Kiro is available for free during preview and supports most popular programming languages. Here’s how to get started with Kiro today: Excited to see how developers use Kiro, and to work with the developer community to continue to shape Kiro moving forward.

Introducing Kiro, an all-new agentic IDE that has a chance to transform how developers build software. Let me highlight three key innovations that make Kiro special: 1 - Kiro introduces spec-driven development, helping developers express their intent clearly through natural language specifications and architecture diagrams for complex features. This comprehensive context helps Kiro’s AI agents deliver better results with fewer iterations. 2 - Kiro features intelligent agent hooks that automatically handle critical but time-consuming tasks like generating documentation, writing tests, and optimizing performance. These hooks work in the background, triggered by events like saving files or making commits. It’s like having an experienced developer constantly reviewing your work and handling the maintenance tasks that often get delayed. 3 - Kiro provides a purpose-built interface that adapts to how developers work. Whether you prefer chat interactions or working with specifications, Kiro supports your workflow while keeping you in control of the development process. Kiro is really good at "vibe coding" but goes well beyond that. While other AI coding assistants might help you prototype quickly, Kiro helps you take those prototypes all the way to production by following a mature, structured development process out of the box. This means developers can spend less time on boilerplate code and more time where it matters most – innovating and building solutions that customers will love. Starting today, Kiro is available for free during preview and supports most popular programming languages. Here’s how to get started with Kiro today: Excited to see how developers use Kiro, and to work with the developer community to continue to shape Kiro moving forward.

Andy Jassy

667,659 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr

Dark mode prevents myopia (nearsightedness). Dr. Alexander Wunsch, German physician studying the effects of light on health for 30+ years: "Whenever the opportunity arises to read text white on black, we should do so." Here's the mechanism: Your retina has two cell systems — ON cells and OFF cells. Black letters on white background activate the OFF cell system. Chronic activation of the OFF cell system promotes the development of myopia. Dark mode — white text on black background — activates the ON cell system instead. This is the preventive mechanism. There is also a significant difference in total light load: > Standard display (white background, black text): 95% of screen light is emitted to display the page. Only 5% is the actual text. > Dark mode (black background, white text): only 5% of total light is needed to convey the same information. Less light from the screen. The correct cell system is activated. Lower myopia risk. The first computer screens were dark mode by default — black background, green or amber text. That was optimal. The shift to white backgrounds was aesthetic, not biological. University of Tübingen, 2018 — researchers developed a mathematical model analyzing image content for myopia risk potential. Their finding? Natural outdoor scenes have a neutral effect on the eye. Conventional text on white background promotes myopia development. Dark mode presentation does not. They then tested this in subjects. Black letters on white background produced measurable changes in the eye that promote myopia. In Europe, half of all students are already nearsighted. Myopia is the most common visual impairment among young people. The more a child reads — the higher the risk. The mechanisms are not yet fully understood in all details. But the consequences are clear. Wunsch: "Dark mode is recommended wherever it does not impair the workflow during screen work." "In the evening and at night, this should be the mandatory setting in order to keep the disruption of the internal clock and the possible damage to the retina as low as possible." Wunsch's advice to parents: "If children discover the joy of reading and develop into bookworms, it is certainly a good investment to provide them with an e-book reader that enables text display on a dark background." The original screen setting was black background. We changed it for aesthetics. The biology didn't change with it.

Dark mode prevents myopia (nearsightedness). Dr. Alexander Wunsch, German physician studying the effects of light on health for 30+ years: "Whenever the opportunity arises to read text white on black, we should do so." Here's the mechanism: Your retina has two cell systems — ON cells and OFF cells. Black letters on white background activate the OFF cell system. Chronic activation of the OFF cell system promotes the development of myopia. Dark mode — white text on black background — activates the ON cell system instead. This is the preventive mechanism. There is also a significant difference in total light load: > Standard display (white background, black text): 95% of screen light is emitted to display the page. Only 5% is the actual text. > Dark mode (black background, white text): only 5% of total light is needed to convey the same information. Less light from the screen. The correct cell system is activated. Lower myopia risk. The first computer screens were dark mode by default — black background, green or amber text. That was optimal. The shift to white backgrounds was aesthetic, not biological. University of Tübingen, 2018 — researchers developed a mathematical model analyzing image content for myopia risk potential. Their finding? Natural outdoor scenes have a neutral effect on the eye. Conventional text on white background promotes myopia development. Dark mode presentation does not. They then tested this in subjects. Black letters on white background produced measurable changes in the eye that promote myopia. In Europe, half of all students are already nearsighted. Myopia is the most common visual impairment among young people. The more a child reads — the higher the risk. The mechanisms are not yet fully understood in all details. But the consequences are clear. Wunsch: "Dark mode is recommended wherever it does not impair the workflow during screen work." "In the evening and at night, this should be the mandatory setting in order to keep the disruption of the internal clock and the possible damage to the retina as low as possible." Wunsch's advice to parents: "If children discover the joy of reading and develop into bookworms, it is certainly a good investment to provide them with an e-book reader that enables text display on a dark background." The original screen setting was black background. We changed it for aesthetics. The biology didn't change with it.

no.mind

56,394 Aufrufe • vor 3 Monaten

To summarize the optimization experience of Molly S, over the past 6 months, I have repeatedly adjusted and transformed it until it completely matches my own face shape. The total areas that have been adjusted include: [ A ] Eyebrow trimming [ B ] Substantial thinning treatment from mouth, lips, brow bone to bridge of nose and tip of nose [ C ] Metal shape design, installation and adjustment of nose bridge and nose wing [ D ] Eye shape adjustment and boundary thinning treatment [ E ] Ear hole plastic surgery [ F ] Thinning and edge treatment of the head cover at the junction of the neck This improvement has greatly verified the mask structure strengthening theory of my pinned post. Most of the results are satisfactory, but there are still some shortcomings. A friends gave me feedback on the phenomenon that the lips look flat in appearance. indeed a problem of insufficient three-dimensionality caused by excessive thinning during the process of transforming the inside of the lips. This is not easy to modify for reverse engineering such as mask modification, and may require the use of technology that changes the tension of the silicone fabric. but it is still worth a try. I am also confident that I can complete the optimization of my lips in the future and look forward to wearing her again.

To summarize the optimization experience of Molly S, over the past 6 months, I have repeatedly adjusted and transformed it until it completely matches my own face shape. The total areas that have been adjusted include: [ A ] Eyebrow trimming [ B ] Substantial thinning treatment from mouth, lips, brow bone to bridge of nose and tip of nose [ C ] Metal shape design, installation and adjustment of nose bridge and nose wing [ D ] Eye shape adjustment and boundary thinning treatment [ E ] Ear hole plastic surgery [ F ] Thinning and edge treatment of the head cover at the junction of the neck This improvement has greatly verified the mask structure strengthening theory of my pinned post. Most of the results are satisfactory, but there are still some shortcomings. A friends gave me feedback on the phenomenon that the lips look flat in appearance. indeed a problem of insufficient three-dimensionality caused by excessive thinning during the process of transforming the inside of the lips. This is not easy to modify for reverse engineering such as mask modification, and may require the use of technology that changes the tension of the silicone fabric. but it is still worth a try. I am also confident that I can complete the optimization of my lips in the future and look forward to wearing her again.

Bella Paprika

104,431 Aufrufe • vor 2 Jahren