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Arbitrum embraces ZK Succinct has signed exclusive partnership with Tandem (Offchain Labs’ venture arm) to bring ZK proving to Arbitrum chains. Uma Roy: “Every rollup will become a ZK rollup. We gave OP Stack that option with OP Succinct; now Arbitrum’s massive ecosystem gets it too.” What changes for...

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17,453 views • 11 months ago •via X (Twitter)

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DEBATE: ZKVMs or ZK Circuits? 🌶 ZKVMs have made it easy for projects to integrate ZK by offering reduced time-to-market and lower engineering costs. But as applications mature, there’s a growing question: do you stick with the flexibility of ZKVMs, or do you shift toward building custom ZK circuits for the extra boost in efficiency and performance? For today's episode, we met with Uma Roy of Succinct and Vanishree Rao of Fermah to debate the trade-offs between ZKVMs and ZK circuits. Custom circuits can be tailored for specific tasks, potentially offering higher security and efficiency. Yet, they come at the cost of increased engineering effort and complexity. On the flip side, ZKVMs are versatile and flexible for broad optimization across various use cases. Which ZK stack is right for you? Find out in today's episode: 02:20 Introduction to ZK 10:35 Advantages of ZKVMs 12:03 Advantages of Custom ZK Circuits 19:49 Challenges in Auditing ZK Systems 21:29 Choosing Between VMs and Circuits 29:48 The General Impact of ZK 48:05 The Future of ZK Rollups
58:39

DEBATE: ZKVMs or ZK Circuits? 🌶 ZKVMs have made it easy for projects to integrate ZK by offering reduced time-to-market and lower engineering costs. But as applications mature, there’s a growing question: do you stick with the flexibility of ZKVMs, or do you shift toward building custom ZK circuits for the extra boost in efficiency and performance? For today's episode, we met with Uma Roy of Succinct and Vanishree Rao of Fermah to debate the trade-offs between ZKVMs and ZK circuits. Custom circuits can be tailored for specific tasks, potentially offering higher security and efficiency. Yet, they come at the cost of increased engineering effort and complexity. On the flip side, ZKVMs are versatile and flexible for broad optimization across various use cases. Which ZK stack is right for you? Find out in today's episode: 02:20 Introduction to ZK 10:35 Advantages of ZKVMs 12:03 Advantages of Custom ZK Circuits 19:49 Challenges in Auditing ZK Systems 21:29 Choosing Between VMs and Circuits 29:48 The General Impact of ZK 48:05 The Future of ZK Rollups

The Rollup

99,717 views • 1 year ago

3 reasons why we chose to deploy our rollup in the ZKsync Elastic Chain ecosystem. 1⃣ SXT smart contract execution layer SXT is a blockchain designed for collecting, storing, querying, and proving data to smart contracts. Unlike an EVM chain, it's not designed to execute smart contracts. In order to support critical functions for the SXT network, like staking and slashing for node ops, as well as to allow devs to deploy their own smart contracts directly on SXT, we built our own ZK rollup with ZKsync’s stack. It serves as the settlement and smart contract execution layer for SXT. 2⃣ Elastic Chain ecosystem We 🩷 the ZKsync community, and building in the Elastic Chain ecosystem gives us access to an array of other rollups, users, apps, and smart contracts that need ZK-proven data. The Elastic Chain includes some of the coolest projects in crypto across DeFi, social, NFTs, and more, and we're excited to build with them. 3⃣ ZK is the endgame ZKsync is fast, secure, scalable, and the best-in-class zkEVM. Full stop. We’re incredibly bullish on ZK in general, but more specifically the ZKsync roadmap and everything being built by the community and the Matter Labs team. 🎙️: chain builder on The Rollup
1:05

3 reasons why we chose to deploy our rollup in the ZKsync Elastic Chain ecosystem. 1⃣ SXT smart contract execution layer SXT is a blockchain designed for collecting, storing, querying, and proving data to smart contracts. Unlike an EVM chain, it's not designed to execute smart contracts. In order to support critical functions for the SXT network, like staking and slashing for node ops, as well as to allow devs to deploy their own smart contracts directly on SXT, we built our own ZK rollup with ZKsync’s stack. It serves as the settlement and smart contract execution layer for SXT. 2⃣ Elastic Chain ecosystem We 🩷 the ZKsync community, and building in the Elastic Chain ecosystem gives us access to an array of other rollups, users, apps, and smart contracts that need ZK-proven data. The Elastic Chain includes some of the coolest projects in crypto across DeFi, social, NFTs, and more, and we're excited to build with them. 3⃣ ZK is the endgame ZKsync is fast, secure, scalable, and the best-in-class zkEVM. Full stop. We’re incredibly bullish on ZK in general, but more specifically the ZKsync roadmap and everything being built by the community and the Matter Labs team. 🎙️: chain builder on The Rollup

Space and Time

19,565 views • 1 year ago

Build your very own Starknet; now available for everyone. After years of battle-testing our technology, the SN stack is now ready for public use, enabling anyone to easily create their own custom chain using the most performant and cost-efficient ZK tech stack on the market. By choosing the SN stack, you get: 💠 The most battle-tested ZK tech stack: Live in production since 2020, our stack is unmatched in performance, cost efficiency, and versatility. 💠 Proven success: The same technology stack that has empowered leading projects like Sorare, dYdX, ImmutableX and Paradex to scale their businesses successfully. 💠 Seamless innovation: Enjoy continuous upgrades and optimizations driven by the most innovative ecosystem, including Cairo-Native, Stwo, Protocol-Level Paymasters, Volition, and much more. Moreover, Starknet is the only stack on the market offering multiple implementations, providing the flexibility to choose the option that best meets your needs: 💠 StarkWare Sequencer: The most battle-tested, high-performance, and widely adopted solution. 💠 @MadaraStarknet with Karnot: The most flexible and customizable stack. 💠 Dojo with Cartridge: High-performance and perfectly tailored for gaming projects and more. Now, any project can easily leverage this leading zero knowledge stack to create an ultra-optimized, customizable environment tailored to their business needs. Don’t wait any longer, your perfect appchain is now ready. Contact us!
0:58

Build your very own Starknet; now available for everyone. After years of battle-testing our technology, the SN stack is now ready for public use, enabling anyone to easily create their own custom chain using the most performant and cost-efficient ZK tech stack on the market. By choosing the SN stack, you get: 💠 The most battle-tested ZK tech stack: Live in production since 2020, our stack is unmatched in performance, cost efficiency, and versatility. 💠 Proven success: The same technology stack that has empowered leading projects like Sorare, dYdX, ImmutableX and Paradex to scale their businesses successfully. 💠 Seamless innovation: Enjoy continuous upgrades and optimizations driven by the most innovative ecosystem, including Cairo-Native, Stwo, Protocol-Level Paymasters, Volition, and much more. Moreover, Starknet is the only stack on the market offering multiple implementations, providing the flexibility to choose the option that best meets your needs: 💠 StarkWare Sequencer: The most battle-tested, high-performance, and widely adopted solution. 💠 @MadaraStarknet with Karnot: The most flexible and customizable stack. 💠 Dojo with Cartridge: High-performance and perfectly tailored for gaming projects and more. Now, any project can easily leverage this leading zero knowledge stack to create an ultra-optimized, customizable environment tailored to their business needs. Don’t wait any longer, your perfect appchain is now ready. Contact us!

Starknet (Privacy Arc)

91,272 views • 1 year ago

Just finished an absolute monster of a podcast with Justin Drake, and it’s packed with brain-melting insights on the future of Ethereum. Here are the juiciest takeaways from Part I 👇 Ethereum’s future could turn the L1 into a rollup itself and making it the best type of rollup. Justin lays out how the L1, L2s, and new designs like Beamchain, native rollups, and based sequencing all come together into a unified vision for Ethereum as the credibly neutral internet of finance. What’s Broken Today • L2s are siloed — synchronous composability is dead. • Most rely on centralized sequencers, multisigs & slow exit bridges. • L2-native assets break Ethereum’s trustless bridge model. • Governance delays, security councils, & EVM reimplementation = attack surfaces. The Fix: Ethereum-native Infrastructure • Based Rollups: Use Ethereum L1 validators as the sequencer. Removes centralization risk, restores censorship resistance. • Native Rollups: No more reimplementing the EVM. No more Security Council multisigs. They inherit Ethereum’s execution layer by design. •Preconfirmations: Users get fast UX (e.g., instant trading feedback) via ETH-backed inclusion guarantees from L1 validators, with slashing if they lie. • Real-Time ZK Proofs: Slot-by-slot proving is here. ZK-enabled rollups with instant finality are becoming possible. To get there, Ethereum is moving toward real-time, slot-by-slot proving using ZK SNARKs. This enables constant-time verification and removes the need for validators to re-execute blocks. Native rollups use a new EXECUTE precompile to introspect and reuse Ethereum’s state transition function. There is no EVM emulation, no governance lag, and no reliance on Security Councils. Preconfirmations offer ETH-backed execution guarantees per slot, priced to offset MEV opportunity loss, while based rollups decentralize sequencing by aligning with Ethereum’s validator set. Beamchain pushes this vision further: a clean-slate Ethereum L1 design that is post-quantum secure, radically simplified (validators could run on a Raspberry Pi), and ossified through optimality. It proposes gigagas/s throughput via ZK proofs, validator statelessness, and Attester-Proposer-Separation (APS) to maximize decentralization and censorship resistance, allowing Ethereum L1 to scale as a high-performance rollup itself. If you're building on Ethereum or betting on its future, this convo is mandatory listening. To be continued in Part II....
2:18:34

Just finished an absolute monster of a podcast with Justin Drake, and it’s packed with brain-melting insights on the future of Ethereum. Here are the juiciest takeaways from Part I 👇 Ethereum’s future could turn the L1 into a rollup itself and making it the best type of rollup. Justin lays out how the L1, L2s, and new designs like Beamchain, native rollups, and based sequencing all come together into a unified vision for Ethereum as the credibly neutral internet of finance. What’s Broken Today • L2s are siloed — synchronous composability is dead. • Most rely on centralized sequencers, multisigs & slow exit bridges. • L2-native assets break Ethereum’s trustless bridge model. • Governance delays, security councils, & EVM reimplementation = attack surfaces. The Fix: Ethereum-native Infrastructure • Based Rollups: Use Ethereum L1 validators as the sequencer. Removes centralization risk, restores censorship resistance. • Native Rollups: No more reimplementing the EVM. No more Security Council multisigs. They inherit Ethereum’s execution layer by design. •Preconfirmations: Users get fast UX (e.g., instant trading feedback) via ETH-backed inclusion guarantees from L1 validators, with slashing if they lie. • Real-Time ZK Proofs: Slot-by-slot proving is here. ZK-enabled rollups with instant finality are becoming possible. To get there, Ethereum is moving toward real-time, slot-by-slot proving using ZK SNARKs. This enables constant-time verification and removes the need for validators to re-execute blocks. Native rollups use a new EXECUTE precompile to introspect and reuse Ethereum’s state transition function. There is no EVM emulation, no governance lag, and no reliance on Security Councils. Preconfirmations offer ETH-backed execution guarantees per slot, priced to offset MEV opportunity loss, while based rollups decentralize sequencing by aligning with Ethereum’s validator set. Beamchain pushes this vision further: a clean-slate Ethereum L1 design that is post-quantum secure, radically simplified (validators could run on a Raspberry Pi), and ossified through optimality. It proposes gigagas/s throughput via ZK proofs, validator statelessness, and Attester-Proposer-Separation (APS) to maximize decentralization and censorship resistance, allowing Ethereum L1 to scale as a high-performance rollup itself. If you're building on Ethereum or betting on its future, this convo is mandatory listening. To be continued in Part II....

Luis

17,653 views • 1 year ago

At House of ZK, we’ve quietly built one of the most comprehensive media platforms for deserving projects building with zero-knowledge cryptography. Our platform stands on multiple pillars: 🔹 The largest ZK-related global events (ZK Hub, et al) 🔸 A podcast series that recently passed its 50th episode, and project-focused livestreams 🔹 Highly acclaimed virtual conferences 🔸 Limited edition printed magazines 🔹 Industry news reports and focused articles 🔸 A developer education series with leading zk cryptographer Vanishree Rao 🔹 And we're actively working on adding more (stay tuned) 👀 Everything we do is guided by a single objective: helping the world to understand the enormity of what is being built in this complex space, ultimately aiding ZK's adoption. Every project or business should understand the advantages of integrating ZK into their stack. Every user should know that ZK-based apps offer superior privacy, performance, and security. Every investor should recognize how early this opportunity still is. We also aim to ensure that House of ZK remains neutral - not relying on any single contributor to stay operational. We’re interested in exploring mutually supportive partnerships that help both sides not just survive, but thrive. If you’re building something important and believe our platform can help, reach out: 📩 ben.w@hozk.io X: Ben A huge thank you to everyone who has supported us on the journey so far. It's time to take it to new heights 🤝
2:24

At House of ZK, we’ve quietly built one of the most comprehensive media platforms for deserving projects building with zero-knowledge cryptography. Our platform stands on multiple pillars: 🔹 The largest ZK-related global events (ZK Hub, et al) 🔸 A podcast series that recently passed its 50th episode, and project-focused livestreams 🔹 Highly acclaimed virtual conferences 🔸 Limited edition printed magazines 🔹 Industry news reports and focused articles 🔸 A developer education series with leading zk cryptographer Vanishree Rao 🔹 And we're actively working on adding more (stay tuned) 👀 Everything we do is guided by a single objective: helping the world to understand the enormity of what is being built in this complex space, ultimately aiding ZK's adoption. Every project or business should understand the advantages of integrating ZK into their stack. Every user should know that ZK-based apps offer superior privacy, performance, and security. Every investor should recognize how early this opportunity still is. We also aim to ensure that House of ZK remains neutral - not relying on any single contributor to stay operational. We’re interested in exploring mutually supportive partnerships that help both sides not just survive, but thrive. If you’re building something important and believe our platform can help, reach out: 📩 [email protected] X: Ben A huge thank you to everyone who has supported us on the journey so far. It's time to take it to new heights 🤝

House of ZK

322,999 views • 1 year ago

Johann Kerbrat on why Robinhood is building its own L2 on Ethereum At Consensus Hong Kong in February 2026, Robinhood launched a public testnet for Robinhood Chain, an Ethereum Layer 2 built with Arbitrum. Following six months of private testing, Robinhood plans to launch the mainnet in 2026 and will migrate tokenized US stocks and ETFs currently offered to EU customers on Arbitrum One to its own dedicated Arbitrum-powered L2 that still settles on Ethereum. Coinbase has adopted a similar strategy with its plans to take full control over Base’s tech stack and advance the L2 toward Stage 2 decentralization. Robinhood Head of Crypto Johann Kerbrat explains the rationale behind building an L2: “We can still get the security and liquidity of Ethereum, benefit from all of the work that the Arbitrum team has done, and on top of that, customize [the chain] every time we want to build something.” He continues: “If we want to give people access to all of the tools and elements of traditional finance, we also need flexibility [to comply with] what regulators are asking us to do. A world where you have full privacy and you can do whatever you want without KYC and trade securities is still a bit far for us. But what we are trying to find is a good middle ground. You will be on a permissionless chain. You will be able to interact with DeFi and do a lot of things with your stock tokens. We think it’s a great compromise.” Galaxy Head of Research Alex Thorn points out that you can embed a lot of compliance controls at the application and token layers on top of Ethereum. Source: Galaxy Research (May 2026)
2:48

Johann Kerbrat on why Robinhood is building its own L2 on Ethereum At Consensus Hong Kong in February 2026, Robinhood launched a public testnet for Robinhood Chain, an Ethereum Layer 2 built with Arbitrum. Following six months of private testing, Robinhood plans to launch the mainnet in 2026 and will migrate tokenized US stocks and ETFs currently offered to EU customers on Arbitrum One to its own dedicated Arbitrum-powered L2 that still settles on Ethereum. Coinbase has adopted a similar strategy with its plans to take full control over Base’s tech stack and advance the L2 toward Stage 2 decentralization. Robinhood Head of Crypto Johann Kerbrat explains the rationale behind building an L2: “We can still get the security and liquidity of Ethereum, benefit from all of the work that the Arbitrum team has done, and on top of that, customize [the chain] every time we want to build something.” He continues: “If we want to give people access to all of the tools and elements of traditional finance, we also need flexibility [to comply with] what regulators are asking us to do. A world where you have full privacy and you can do whatever you want without KYC and trade securities is still a bit far for us. But what we are trying to find is a good middle ground. You will be on a permissionless chain. You will be able to interact with DeFi and do a lot of things with your stock tokens. We think it’s a great compromise.” Galaxy Head of Research Alex Thorn points out that you can embed a lot of compliance controls at the application and token layers on top of Ethereum. Source: Galaxy Research (May 2026)

Etherealize

98,382 views • 2 months ago

BITCOIN RAILS #69: ZERO-KNOWLEDGE PROOFS FOR POST-QUANTUM BITCOIN | with Benedikt Bünz 🔗 YOUTUBE: 🌿 SPOTIFY: While many Bitcoiners remain hopeful the network will embrace zero-knowledge proofs for protocol-level use cases, practical adoption has remained limited outside of BitVM and a handful of experimental proposals. Most of the world’s ZKP research has circled around Ethereum and other ecosystems, where significant resources have been dedicated to advancing these systems, particularly for scaling and privacy applications. One of the most notable contributors to this research is Benedikt Bünz ☕️ — professor of cryptography at NYU and collaborator of Dan Boneh, who together inarguably form one of the strongest blockchain-applied cryptography teams in the world. The pair recently announced they’ll be leading the new post-quantum cryptography unit localhost research — the first dedicated PQ research effort within a major Bitcoin development organization. With Benedikt leading the charge on the use of zero-knowledge proofs for post-quantum mitigation, the question emerges: will the post-quantum transition be the catalyst to finally bring zero-knowledge proofs to Bitcoin's core protocol? In more detail, Benedikt and I discuss: - Why ZKPs haven’t been widely adopted by the Bitcoin technical community — and why the threat of quantum computers may change that posture going forward - How ZKPs could be used for signature batching to address larger post-quantum signatures in Bitcoin’s post-quantum era - Why Bitcoiners will likely prioritize hash-based signatures as an initial post-quantum scheme — rather than more efficient but less proven alternatives (e.g., lattice-based) - How ZKPs have evolved over the last decade and may finally be ready for Bitcoin’s strict requirements around trust assumptions - Why Benedikt and Dan are teaming up with localhost research to create the first post-quantum cryptography unit within a major Bitcoin development organization + what they hope to accomplish This episode of Bitcoin Rails is brought to you by: LayerTwo Labs LayerTwo Labs — developing research, software, and technologies for scaling Bitcoin via the integration of Drivechains (BIP 300/301) Hashi on Sui — a primitive for executing Bitcoin DeFi transactions, without having to trust a federated bridge or other centralized entity BitBox BitBox — an open-source Bitcoin-only hardware wallet, with smooth UX and no compromises on security. Check out Bitbox [dot] swiss and use code BITCOINRAILS to get a discount TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 — Intro 00:22 — Benedikt's background 04:10 — How Benedikt got into Bitcoin and cryptography 07:42 — First ZK project: proving exchange solvency after Mt. Gox 16:01 — ZK proofs explained 27:43 — How security gets popular & ZK proofs in Bitcoin 35:49 — Other applications of ZK proofs for Bitcoin 40:15 — Why ZK proofs haven't been adopted in Bitcoin 50:46 — Why the Bitcoin post-quantum transition needs ZK proofs 01:07:00 — Cryptographic agility and why lattices win 01:18:00 — The size problem and how SNARKs solve it 01:33:57 — Proving a Bitcoin block in a laptop in 1.5 seconds 01:37:12 — Bitcoin as the primary quantum target 01:40:47 — ZK proofs for seed phrase recovery
1:43:41

BITCOIN RAILS #69: ZERO-KNOWLEDGE PROOFS FOR POST-QUANTUM BITCOIN | with Benedikt Bünz 🔗 YOUTUBE: 🌿 SPOTIFY: While many Bitcoiners remain hopeful the network will embrace zero-knowledge proofs for protocol-level use cases, practical adoption has remained limited outside of BitVM and a handful of experimental proposals. Most of the world’s ZKP research has circled around Ethereum and other ecosystems, where significant resources have been dedicated to advancing these systems, particularly for scaling and privacy applications. One of the most notable contributors to this research is Benedikt Bünz ☕️ — professor of cryptography at NYU and collaborator of Dan Boneh, who together inarguably form one of the strongest blockchain-applied cryptography teams in the world. The pair recently announced they’ll be leading the new post-quantum cryptography unit localhost research — the first dedicated PQ research effort within a major Bitcoin development organization. With Benedikt leading the charge on the use of zero-knowledge proofs for post-quantum mitigation, the question emerges: will the post-quantum transition be the catalyst to finally bring zero-knowledge proofs to Bitcoin's core protocol? In more detail, Benedikt and I discuss: - Why ZKPs haven’t been widely adopted by the Bitcoin technical community — and why the threat of quantum computers may change that posture going forward - How ZKPs could be used for signature batching to address larger post-quantum signatures in Bitcoin’s post-quantum era - Why Bitcoiners will likely prioritize hash-based signatures as an initial post-quantum scheme — rather than more efficient but less proven alternatives (e.g., lattice-based) - How ZKPs have evolved over the last decade and may finally be ready for Bitcoin’s strict requirements around trust assumptions - Why Benedikt and Dan are teaming up with localhost research to create the first post-quantum cryptography unit within a major Bitcoin development organization + what they hope to accomplish This episode of Bitcoin Rails is brought to you by: LayerTwo Labs LayerTwo Labs — developing research, software, and technologies for scaling Bitcoin via the integration of Drivechains (BIP 300/301) Hashi on Sui — a primitive for executing Bitcoin DeFi transactions, without having to trust a federated bridge or other centralized entity BitBox BitBox — an open-source Bitcoin-only hardware wallet, with smooth UX and no compromises on security. Check out Bitbox [dot] swiss and use code BITCOINRAILS to get a discount TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 — Intro 00:22 — Benedikt's background 04:10 — How Benedikt got into Bitcoin and cryptography 07:42 — First ZK project: proving exchange solvency after Mt. Gox 16:01 — ZK proofs explained 27:43 — How security gets popular & ZK proofs in Bitcoin 35:49 — Other applications of ZK proofs for Bitcoin 40:15 — Why ZK proofs haven't been adopted in Bitcoin 50:46 — Why the Bitcoin post-quantum transition needs ZK proofs 01:07:00 — Cryptographic agility and why lattices win 01:18:00 — The size problem and how SNARKs solve it 01:33:57 — Proving a Bitcoin block in a laptop in 1.5 seconds 01:37:12 — Bitcoin as the primary quantum target 01:40:47 — ZK proofs for seed phrase recovery

Isabel Foxen Duke⚡️

19,791 views • 15 days ago

That's a terrible take from Peter McCormack 🏴‍☠️🇬🇧🇮🇪. I don't hold any $ADA, and I don't even like Cardano much, but this post is highly misleading and the fruit of misinformation. Peter should do his research better. This Cardano Bitcoin implementation is apparently far more secure than most Lightning Network implementations, for example, which he used to promote relentlessly to his followers. Maxis will be maxis, I guess. 🤷 - I asked OpenAI o1 via Nano-GPT to review and analyze BOS whitepaper, commenting on the trade-offs, vulnerabilities, risks, and BTC influencers calling it a scam. Here's what the AI said: The BitcoinOS whitepaper introduces **BitSNARK** and **Grail**, proposing an innovative approach to enhance Bitcoin's functionality by enabling trustless and secure bridges between Bitcoin and other blockchain networks, such as Cardano. The core of this proposal is to optimize the recently introduced **BitVM** paradigm for verifying zk-SNARK proofs on the Bitcoin blockchain without altering Bitcoin's consensus rules. Below, I provide an analysis of the whitepaper, its security implications compared to existing Layer 2 (L2) solutions like the Lightning Network and Liquid, potential trade-offs and vulnerabilities, user considerations to mitigate risks, and its prospects for the future. Additionally, I will address the criticisms from Bitcoin maximalists labeling it a "scam." --- ### **Overview of BitSNARK and Grail** **BitVM Overview** - **BitVM**, introduced by Robin Linus in December 2023, allows for Turing-complete computations on Bitcoin by leveraging an interactive protocol between parties to verify off-chain computations. - It opens the possibility for near trustless rollup bridges on Bitcoin without changing its consensus rules. - However, BitVM, being general-purpose, is not optimized for specific tasks like SNARK verification, leading to practical implementation challenges. **BitSNARK's Innovations** - **BitSNARK** builds upon BitVM but focuses specifically on verifying zk-SNARK proofs efficiently on the Bitcoin blockchain. - It introduces a simplified virtual machine (VM) with only three instructions optimized for finite field calculations required in zk-SNARK verification: - `addmod` for modular addition. - `andbit` for bitwise operations. - `equal` for equality checks. - By reducing complexity, BitSNARK improves program size by an order of magnitude and reduces challenge/response lengths by up to 50%. - It simplifies the challenge protocol to a single type, enhancing security and auditability. **Grail Bridge Implementation** - **Grail** is an implementation of BitSNARK, aiming to provide a practical and scalable Bitcoin Rollup Bridge. - It enables users to transfer assets between the Bitcoin mainchain (Layer 1) and Layer 2 networks (rollups) securely. - Grail relies on a set of **operators** who participate in the protocol to facilitate deposits and withdrawals. - Operators engage in an interactive verification protocol, ensuring that zk-SNARK proofs are correctly verified on-chain. - The system incentivizes honest participation through economic incentives and penalties. --- ### **Security Analysis** #### **Comparison with Existing L2 Solutions** **Lightning Network** - **Pros:** - Offers fast, low-cost transactions off-chain. - Preserves Bitcoin's on-chain privacy features. - **Cons:** - Requires continuous network connectivity. - Involves counterparty risk due to channel management. - Limited in handling complex smart contracts or interoperability with other chains. **Liquid Network** - **Pros:** - Federated sidechain allowing faster transactions and confidential assets. - Enables issuance of new assets and atomic swaps. - **Cons:** - Federation model introduces trust assumptions. - Less decentralized due to reliance on functionaries. **BitSNARK and Grail** - **Pros:** - Enables verification of zk-SNARK proofs on Bitcoin without consensus changes. - Facilitates truly trustless and decentralized bridges to other chains. - Reduces complexity and enhances efficiency compared to BitVM. - Operators' incentives align to maintain security without requiring majority trust. - **Cons:** - Relies on an interactive protocol between operators, potentially increasing complexity. - New technology may have undiscovered vulnerabilities. - Requires widespread operator participation for robustness. #### **Potential Vulnerabilities** 1. **Operator Collusion or Malfeasance:** - If operators collude, they could potentially censor transactions or delay withdrawals. - Mitigation: Implement robust economic incentives and penalties, and promote decentralization by encouraging more operators to participate. 2. **Interactive Protocol Risks:** - The interactive verification protocol relies on timely responses; delays or Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks could disrupt the protocol. - Mitigation: Incorporate timeouts and fail-safes, and design protocols resilient to network latency and attacks. 3. **Smart Contract Bugs:** - Bugs in the implementation of BitSNARK VM or the Grail protocol could be exploited. - Mitigation: Conduct thorough code audits, formal verification, and testing on testnets before mainnet deployment. 4. **Cryptographic Assumptions:** - The security relies on the cryptographic primitives used in zk-SNARKs and their correct implementation. - Mitigation: Use well-established cryptographic libraries and stay updated on advancements in cryptanalysis. 5. **Scalability Concerns:** - Although more efficient than BitVM, running zk-SNARK verifications on-chain is resource-intensive. - Mitigation: Optimize the implementation further and possibly leverage layer 2 solutions for certain computations. --- ### **Trade-offs and User Considerations** **Trade-offs:** - **Complexity vs. Functionality:** - BitSNARK simplifies the computation model but requires users and operators to understand and trust a new protocol. - **Decentralization vs. Performance:** - The security model relies on operators; increasing the number of operators enhances decentralization but may impact performance due to coordination overhead. - **Innovation vs. Maturity:** - As a novel solution, it lacks the battle-tested resilience of existing L2 solutions like the Lightning Network. **User Considerations:** 1. **Counterparty Risk:** - Users should be aware that the system's security depends on operators; participation of reputable operators is crucial. - **Recommendation:** Use the bridge when a sufficient number of trusted operators are active. 2. **Protocol Familiarity:** - Users need to understand the withdrawal and dispute processes. - **Recommendation:** Educate users through clear documentation and user-friendly interfaces. 3. **Security Practices:** - Be cautious with private keys and exit secrets, especially for operators. - **Recommendation:** Implement best practices for key management and consider hardware wallets. 4. **Monitoring Network Conditions:** - Network congestion or attacks could affect transaction confirmations. - **Recommendation:** Monitor network status and set appropriate fees for timely confirmations. --- ### **Potential for the Future** - **Solving the Scalability Trilemma:** - BitSNARK and Grail present a promising approach to achieving scalability, expressivity, and decentralization on Bitcoin. - **Interoperability:** - Enables Bitcoin to interact trustlessly with other chains, expanding its utility beyond a store of value. - **Innovation Catalyst:** - May inspire further research and development in Bitcoin's smart contract capabilities. --- ### **Addressing the "Scam" Accusations by Bitcoin Maximalists** **Criticisms:** - **Skepticism of Altering Bitcoin's Core Principles:** - Some Bitcoin maximalists may view this proposal as deviating from Bitcoin's original purpose. - **Fear of Centralization Risks:** - Concerns that introducing complex protocols could introduce central points of failure. **Counterarguments:** - **Maintaining Consensus Rules:** - BitSNARK operates without changing Bitcoin's consensus rules, preserving its core principles. - **Enhancing Bitcoin's Utility:** - The proposal aims to expand Bitcoin's capabilities while upholding decentralization and security. - **Economic Incentives for Security:** - The design relies on economic incentives aligning participants' interests with the network's security. **Conclusion:** - **Healthy Skepticism is Beneficial:** - Critiques promote rigorous security assessments and robustness. - **Innovation Requires Open-mindedness:** - Dismissing new ideas outright may hinder Bitcoin's evolution and adaptability. - **Focus on Merits and Risks:** - A balanced evaluation considering potential benefits and drawbacks is essential. --- ### **Final Thoughts** The BitcoinOS whitepaper introduces a significant advancement in enabling trustless and secure interoperability between Bitcoin and other blockchain networks. By optimizing for zk-SNARK verification through BitSNARK and implementing the Grail bridge, it aims to address long-standing scalability and functionality limitations. While promising, it is crucial to approach this innovation with careful scrutiny, thorough testing, and a commitment to security best practices. Users and stakeholders should remain informed, participate in community discussions, and contribute to the development and auditing processes to ensure the system's robustness and integrity.
0:50

That's a terrible take from Peter McCormack 🏴‍☠️🇬🇧🇮🇪. I don't hold any $ADA, and I don't even like Cardano much, but this post is highly misleading and the fruit of misinformation. Peter should do his research better. This Cardano Bitcoin implementation is apparently far more secure than most Lightning Network implementations, for example, which he used to promote relentlessly to his followers. Maxis will be maxis, I guess. 🤷 - I asked OpenAI o1 via Nano-GPT to review and analyze BOS whitepaper, commenting on the trade-offs, vulnerabilities, risks, and BTC influencers calling it a scam. Here's what the AI said: The BitcoinOS whitepaper introduces **BitSNARK** and **Grail**, proposing an innovative approach to enhance Bitcoin's functionality by enabling trustless and secure bridges between Bitcoin and other blockchain networks, such as Cardano. The core of this proposal is to optimize the recently introduced **BitVM** paradigm for verifying zk-SNARK proofs on the Bitcoin blockchain without altering Bitcoin's consensus rules. Below, I provide an analysis of the whitepaper, its security implications compared to existing Layer 2 (L2) solutions like the Lightning Network and Liquid, potential trade-offs and vulnerabilities, user considerations to mitigate risks, and its prospects for the future. Additionally, I will address the criticisms from Bitcoin maximalists labeling it a "scam." --- ### **Overview of BitSNARK and Grail** **BitVM Overview** - **BitVM**, introduced by Robin Linus in December 2023, allows for Turing-complete computations on Bitcoin by leveraging an interactive protocol between parties to verify off-chain computations. - It opens the possibility for near trustless rollup bridges on Bitcoin without changing its consensus rules. - However, BitVM, being general-purpose, is not optimized for specific tasks like SNARK verification, leading to practical implementation challenges. **BitSNARK's Innovations** - **BitSNARK** builds upon BitVM but focuses specifically on verifying zk-SNARK proofs efficiently on the Bitcoin blockchain. - It introduces a simplified virtual machine (VM) with only three instructions optimized for finite field calculations required in zk-SNARK verification: - `addmod` for modular addition. - `andbit` for bitwise operations. - `equal` for equality checks. - By reducing complexity, BitSNARK improves program size by an order of magnitude and reduces challenge/response lengths by up to 50%. - It simplifies the challenge protocol to a single type, enhancing security and auditability. **Grail Bridge Implementation** - **Grail** is an implementation of BitSNARK, aiming to provide a practical and scalable Bitcoin Rollup Bridge. - It enables users to transfer assets between the Bitcoin mainchain (Layer 1) and Layer 2 networks (rollups) securely. - Grail relies on a set of **operators** who participate in the protocol to facilitate deposits and withdrawals. - Operators engage in an interactive verification protocol, ensuring that zk-SNARK proofs are correctly verified on-chain. - The system incentivizes honest participation through economic incentives and penalties. --- ### **Security Analysis** #### **Comparison with Existing L2 Solutions** **Lightning Network** - **Pros:** - Offers fast, low-cost transactions off-chain. - Preserves Bitcoin's on-chain privacy features. - **Cons:** - Requires continuous network connectivity. - Involves counterparty risk due to channel management. - Limited in handling complex smart contracts or interoperability with other chains. **Liquid Network** - **Pros:** - Federated sidechain allowing faster transactions and confidential assets. - Enables issuance of new assets and atomic swaps. - **Cons:** - Federation model introduces trust assumptions. - Less decentralized due to reliance on functionaries. **BitSNARK and Grail** - **Pros:** - Enables verification of zk-SNARK proofs on Bitcoin without consensus changes. - Facilitates truly trustless and decentralized bridges to other chains. - Reduces complexity and enhances efficiency compared to BitVM. - Operators' incentives align to maintain security without requiring majority trust. - **Cons:** - Relies on an interactive protocol between operators, potentially increasing complexity. - New technology may have undiscovered vulnerabilities. - Requires widespread operator participation for robustness. #### **Potential Vulnerabilities** 1. **Operator Collusion or Malfeasance:** - If operators collude, they could potentially censor transactions or delay withdrawals. - Mitigation: Implement robust economic incentives and penalties, and promote decentralization by encouraging more operators to participate. 2. **Interactive Protocol Risks:** - The interactive verification protocol relies on timely responses; delays or Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks could disrupt the protocol. - Mitigation: Incorporate timeouts and fail-safes, and design protocols resilient to network latency and attacks. 3. **Smart Contract Bugs:** - Bugs in the implementation of BitSNARK VM or the Grail protocol could be exploited. - Mitigation: Conduct thorough code audits, formal verification, and testing on testnets before mainnet deployment. 4. **Cryptographic Assumptions:** - The security relies on the cryptographic primitives used in zk-SNARKs and their correct implementation. - Mitigation: Use well-established cryptographic libraries and stay updated on advancements in cryptanalysis. 5. **Scalability Concerns:** - Although more efficient than BitVM, running zk-SNARK verifications on-chain is resource-intensive. - Mitigation: Optimize the implementation further and possibly leverage layer 2 solutions for certain computations. --- ### **Trade-offs and User Considerations** **Trade-offs:** - **Complexity vs. Functionality:** - BitSNARK simplifies the computation model but requires users and operators to understand and trust a new protocol. - **Decentralization vs. Performance:** - The security model relies on operators; increasing the number of operators enhances decentralization but may impact performance due to coordination overhead. - **Innovation vs. Maturity:** - As a novel solution, it lacks the battle-tested resilience of existing L2 solutions like the Lightning Network. **User Considerations:** 1. **Counterparty Risk:** - Users should be aware that the system's security depends on operators; participation of reputable operators is crucial. - **Recommendation:** Use the bridge when a sufficient number of trusted operators are active. 2. **Protocol Familiarity:** - Users need to understand the withdrawal and dispute processes. - **Recommendation:** Educate users through clear documentation and user-friendly interfaces. 3. **Security Practices:** - Be cautious with private keys and exit secrets, especially for operators. - **Recommendation:** Implement best practices for key management and consider hardware wallets. 4. **Monitoring Network Conditions:** - Network congestion or attacks could affect transaction confirmations. - **Recommendation:** Monitor network status and set appropriate fees for timely confirmations. --- ### **Potential for the Future** - **Solving the Scalability Trilemma:** - BitSNARK and Grail present a promising approach to achieving scalability, expressivity, and decentralization on Bitcoin. - **Interoperability:** - Enables Bitcoin to interact trustlessly with other chains, expanding its utility beyond a store of value. - **Innovation Catalyst:** - May inspire further research and development in Bitcoin's smart contract capabilities. --- ### **Addressing the "Scam" Accusations by Bitcoin Maximalists** **Criticisms:** - **Skepticism of Altering Bitcoin's Core Principles:** - Some Bitcoin maximalists may view this proposal as deviating from Bitcoin's original purpose. - **Fear of Centralization Risks:** - Concerns that introducing complex protocols could introduce central points of failure. **Counterarguments:** - **Maintaining Consensus Rules:** - BitSNARK operates without changing Bitcoin's consensus rules, preserving its core principles. - **Enhancing Bitcoin's Utility:** - The proposal aims to expand Bitcoin's capabilities while upholding decentralization and security. - **Economic Incentives for Security:** - The design relies on economic incentives aligning participants' interests with the network's security. **Conclusion:** - **Healthy Skepticism is Beneficial:** - Critiques promote rigorous security assessments and robustness. - **Innovation Requires Open-mindedness:** - Dismissing new ideas outright may hinder Bitcoin's evolution and adaptability. - **Focus on Merits and Risks:** - A balanced evaluation considering potential benefits and drawbacks is essential. --- ### **Final Thoughts** The BitcoinOS whitepaper introduces a significant advancement in enabling trustless and secure interoperability between Bitcoin and other blockchain networks. By optimizing for zk-SNARK verification through BitSNARK and implementing the Grail bridge, it aims to address long-standing scalability and functionality limitations. While promising, it is crucial to approach this innovation with careful scrutiny, thorough testing, and a commitment to security best practices. Users and stakeholders should remain informed, participate in community discussions, and contribute to the development and auditing processes to ensure the system's robustness and integrity.

Vini B |「 thecoding 」

58,614 views • 1 year ago

"I REMAIN BULLISH ON $ETH" - Galaxy Digital VP head of research. He covered Solana for years and was openly skeptical of Ethereum. Now he's flipped. Here's why: He says today looks exactly like Solana in 2022-2023, everyone got disillusioned, stopped paying attention, and missed the bottom of the narrative. The turnaround he's watching: Ethereum Foundation shrinking its own role "subtraction theory" to protect what actually matters: credible neutrality ETH Labs and ETH Institutional launching to push adoption Etherealize with "a lot of irons in the fire" on the institutional side Glamsterdam upgrade shipping Q3 On the "death of L2s"? "Very overstated." Robinhood just launched its L2 on the Arbitrum stack. Institutions want their own controllable ecosystems that settle to . The roadmap is aligned with where blockchain tech is actually going: privacy, ZK scaling of the L1, quantum resistance. His take: not enough people are paying attention to what's happening on the ground. The narrative can shift really quickly. $ETH $GLXY $SOL
2:37

"I REMAIN BULLISH ON $ETH" - Galaxy Digital VP head of research. He covered Solana for years and was openly skeptical of Ethereum. Now he's flipped. Here's why: He says today looks exactly like Solana in 2022-2023, everyone got disillusioned, stopped paying attention, and missed the bottom of the narrative. The turnaround he's watching: Ethereum Foundation shrinking its own role "subtraction theory" to protect what actually matters: credible neutrality ETH Labs and ETH Institutional launching to push adoption Etherealize with "a lot of irons in the fire" on the institutional side Glamsterdam upgrade shipping Q3 On the "death of L2s"? "Very overstated." Robinhood just launched its L2 on the Arbitrum stack. Institutions want their own controllable ecosystems that settle to . The roadmap is aligned with where blockchain tech is actually going: privacy, ZK scaling of the L1, quantum resistance. His take: not enough people are paying attention to what's happening on the ground. The narrative can shift really quickly. $ETH $GLXY $SOL

SamAlτcoin.eth ☀️

40,110 views • 20 days ago

Stepping into the Future with Boundless Today, I'm excited to share that I’m stepping into the role of CEO at Boundless, after serving as CIO at RISC Zero for the past 1.5 years. It’s an honor to lead this talented team through the next stage of Boundless’s evolution. I’ve built and scaled engineering orgs at Amazon, Lyft, Coinbase and Ava Labs, but what we are building here is something rarer: the opportunity to permanently raise the ceiling on what blockchains can do and what the internet can be. This is not just a reorganization or restructure. It's a declaration of our collective intent to meet the challenge of continuing our investments in core innovation and simultaneously doubling down on adoption. At RISC Zero, Jeremy Bruestle, Frank Laub and Brian Retford pioneered the first general-purpose ZKVM. R0VM continues to evolve and remains the fastest, most trusted, fully open-source ZKVM. Our work has helped take zero-knowledge technology from academic curiosity to mainstream entry point. Boundless is the next leap forward in that journey. Boundless is designed to deliver ZK breakthroughs directly on-chain, to every developer, every chain, and every user. Aside from productionizing the best ZK tech; we’re reshaping how proof markets, blockchain scalability, and decentralized apps will operate for the next decade. The Boundless Protocol, powered by our Proof of Verifiable Work (PoVW), offers the most performant verifiable computation at the lowest possible cost with the best user experience for developers. We are building a platform that feels inevitable: because it is. Boundless is already seeing incredible momentum; dozens of teams have deployed on our testnet. We are scaling fast in mindshare, developer adoption, and real-world impact. My mandate as CEO is simple: 10x that growth and keep going. Consistency, innovation and adoption wins. Boundless is building for the future, and we’re building with speed. This is bigger than ZK. This is about scaling crypto, blockchain, and ultimately, the internet itself. If you haven’t yet, read the Boundless white paper. Big things are happening and we’re just getting started. Gberry, Shiv
0:41

Stepping into the Future with Boundless Today, I'm excited to share that I’m stepping into the role of CEO at Boundless, after serving as CIO at RISC Zero for the past 1.5 years. It’s an honor to lead this talented team through the next stage of Boundless’s evolution. I’ve built and scaled engineering orgs at Amazon, Lyft, Coinbase and Ava Labs, but what we are building here is something rarer: the opportunity to permanently raise the ceiling on what blockchains can do and what the internet can be. This is not just a reorganization or restructure. It's a declaration of our collective intent to meet the challenge of continuing our investments in core innovation and simultaneously doubling down on adoption. At RISC Zero, Jeremy Bruestle, Frank Laub and Brian Retford pioneered the first general-purpose ZKVM. R0VM continues to evolve and remains the fastest, most trusted, fully open-source ZKVM. Our work has helped take zero-knowledge technology from academic curiosity to mainstream entry point. Boundless is the next leap forward in that journey. Boundless is designed to deliver ZK breakthroughs directly on-chain, to every developer, every chain, and every user. Aside from productionizing the best ZK tech; we’re reshaping how proof markets, blockchain scalability, and decentralized apps will operate for the next decade. The Boundless Protocol, powered by our Proof of Verifiable Work (PoVW), offers the most performant verifiable computation at the lowest possible cost with the best user experience for developers. We are building a platform that feels inevitable: because it is. Boundless is already seeing incredible momentum; dozens of teams have deployed on our testnet. We are scaling fast in mindshare, developer adoption, and real-world impact. My mandate as CEO is simple: 10x that growth and keep going. Consistency, innovation and adoption wins. Boundless is building for the future, and we’re building with speed. This is bigger than ZK. This is about scaling crypto, blockchain, and ultimately, the internet itself. If you haven’t yet, read the Boundless white paper. Big things are happening and we’re just getting started. Gberry, Shiv

Shiv Shankar

48,575 views • 1 year ago

🎙️1/ I enjoyed speaking with 0xkaiserkarel.union from Union where we discussed the current state of blockchain infrastructure and the pain developers go through to build cross-chain apps and how Union aims to solve those exact problems. Enjoy. Summary Karel Kubat, CEO of Union, lays out a bold vision for a decentralized coordination layer that can unlock true interoperability in crypto. He breaks down why bridging is still broken, why ZK is more than hype, and why Bitcoin needs to be more than digital gold. From security risks to UX gaps to regulatory pressure, this conversation covers the hard problems and how Union is solving them. Takeaways – Union is building a decentralized coordination layer to connect ecosystems without sacrificing sovereignty – Interoperability is not a feature, it’s the future, especially for assets like Bitcoin – ZK tech offers powerful efficiency and trust guarantees for cross-chain operations – Union’s mainnet beta is focused on bootstrapping use cases in the Bitcoin ecosystem – Bitcoin in DeFi isn’t optional, it’s the next unlock for serious liquidity – Real-world asset (RWA) integration is a priority for Union’s long-term roadmap – Bridge security remains a major attack surface and demands a new approach – UX in cross-chain bridging is still painful, Union wants to fix that – Go-to-market strategy targets underserved, long-tail assets and app developers – Regulatory shifts will shape product and protocol design going forward Chapters (00:00) Introduction to Union and Its Vision (02:43) The Importance of Interoperability in Blockchain (05:30) Union’s Unique Approach to ZK Technology (08:15) Building Bridges: Union’s Role in the Bitcoin Ecosystem (10:58) Unlocking Bitcoin’s Potential in DeFi (13:40) Real-World Asset Integration and Future Plans (16:33) Security and Trust in Blockchain Bridges (19:24) User Experience and the Future of Bridging (22:07) Union’s Go-to-Market Strategy and Community Engagement (24:42) The Role of Regulation in Union’s Future (27:27) Conclusion and Future Outlook (33:18) The role of Super Apps like Infinex that Abstracts Bridging and other painful processes
51:43

🎙️1/ I enjoyed speaking with 0xkaiserkarel.union from Union where we discussed the current state of blockchain infrastructure and the pain developers go through to build cross-chain apps and how Union aims to solve those exact problems. Enjoy. Summary Karel Kubat, CEO of Union, lays out a bold vision for a decentralized coordination layer that can unlock true interoperability in crypto. He breaks down why bridging is still broken, why ZK is more than hype, and why Bitcoin needs to be more than digital gold. From security risks to UX gaps to regulatory pressure, this conversation covers the hard problems and how Union is solving them. Takeaways – Union is building a decentralized coordination layer to connect ecosystems without sacrificing sovereignty – Interoperability is not a feature, it’s the future, especially for assets like Bitcoin – ZK tech offers powerful efficiency and trust guarantees for cross-chain operations – Union’s mainnet beta is focused on bootstrapping use cases in the Bitcoin ecosystem – Bitcoin in DeFi isn’t optional, it’s the next unlock for serious liquidity – Real-world asset (RWA) integration is a priority for Union’s long-term roadmap – Bridge security remains a major attack surface and demands a new approach – UX in cross-chain bridging is still painful, Union wants to fix that – Go-to-market strategy targets underserved, long-tail assets and app developers – Regulatory shifts will shape product and protocol design going forward Chapters (00:00) Introduction to Union and Its Vision (02:43) The Importance of Interoperability in Blockchain (05:30) Union’s Unique Approach to ZK Technology (08:15) Building Bridges: Union’s Role in the Bitcoin Ecosystem (10:58) Unlocking Bitcoin’s Potential in DeFi (13:40) Real-World Asset Integration and Future Plans (16:33) Security and Trust in Blockchain Bridges (19:24) User Experience and the Future of Bridging (22:07) Union’s Go-to-Market Strategy and Community Engagement (24:42) The Role of Regulation in Union’s Future (27:27) Conclusion and Future Outlook (33:18) The role of Super Apps like Infinex that Abstracts Bridging and other painful processes

papiofficial

29,940 views • 11 months ago

Tomorrow, we publish a new The Edge Podcast with Robinhood GM of Crypto, Johann Kerbrat. This clip might be the clearest articulation I’ve ever heard on why Ethereum's roadmap is working, and why Robinhood chose to build its own L2 using Arbitrum. + Ethereum offers security, with proven decentralization + New L1s = centralized databases + EVM liquidity is essential for tokenized stocks & RWAs + Arbitrum’s tech stack wins on engineering merit No edits. No spin. Just a major U.S. fintech explaining why they’re building the future of finance on Ethereum. Real validation for those of us who are long term Ethereum/ETH investors. Here is the clip and transcript for Johann answering why Robinhood chose to build its own Ethereum L2: "You see a lot of companies right now building their own L1. And for us, we felt excited about this idea where we can control anything that we want to build and we don't have to deal with any other chain to talk to or anything like that. But at the same time, creating the security of a real proper decentralized chain is extremely difficult, as you know. And we basically get that for free with Ethereum. The network has been going on for a very long time now and the security is stable and it's decentralized. And I think that's really the key two points that we wanted to have. When you look at some of these new L1s that are being created, it's not really decentralized and it's not really secure. So at the end of the day, you're basically having like a... fancy database that is probably a bit slower to use than an actual database. And so we didn't really see the value in that. With Ethereum, we get the security by default. The second thing that we get by having an L2 is that you get all this liquidity that is already part of all the EVM compatible chains. And that was also a very important decision factor for us. If we really want to bring the stock market onto the chain, we need to have this liquidity. It's not going to be possible if it's in a closed loop or in a closed chain that nobody can access and you need to have like 20 different hoops before you can bridge to that chain. So for us, that was kind of the two elements that we really wanted to focus on and that's why we decided on building on Ethereum. And then we decided on Arbitrum mostly because we love the technology. There's a few things that we are excited about. For example, Stylus. It's a way that we can basically use different language into the chain and we can build on top of that. We also like the way that they prioritize transactions that is, we think, a better way than some of the competition. And so basically we'll use the Arbitrum stack and we'll create our own L2, which will make us also compatible with all the Arbitrum chains. And so we think it's kind of the best of all the worlds. But for us, the idea is like we will start with public stock, and then we think that we can tokenize anything really, not just stocks. It can be private stock, it can be art, it can be real estate, whatever you want to think of. And so we really wanted to have a platform that is kind of easy to build on and we can keep adding on it. At the same time, we know that regulation are going to be hard on some of these products, especially when it comes to financial products. You always have different regulators. You have different rules depending on the region. If you're in the EU versus the US versus LATAM. And so we felt like we wanted to have our own layer that we could customize for these needs. And then anyone that is building on the chain will also be able to benefit from what we are building, versus just putting everything in a contract that will be just good for the people that are using the Robinhood contracts. But so at this point, we announced the chain in June. We are in private test right now, and then we'll do more announcements in the future." Subscribe for the full episode tomorrow! ► Newsletter: ► Spotify: ► Apple: ► Youtube: ► Pods:
3:27

Tomorrow, we publish a new The Edge Podcast with Robinhood GM of Crypto, Johann Kerbrat. This clip might be the clearest articulation I’ve ever heard on why Ethereum's roadmap is working, and why Robinhood chose to build its own L2 using Arbitrum. + Ethereum offers security, with proven decentralization + New L1s = centralized databases + EVM liquidity is essential for tokenized stocks & RWAs + Arbitrum’s tech stack wins on engineering merit No edits. No spin. Just a major U.S. fintech explaining why they’re building the future of finance on Ethereum. Real validation for those of us who are long term Ethereum/ETH investors. Here is the clip and transcript for Johann answering why Robinhood chose to build its own Ethereum L2: "You see a lot of companies right now building their own L1. And for us, we felt excited about this idea where we can control anything that we want to build and we don't have to deal with any other chain to talk to or anything like that. But at the same time, creating the security of a real proper decentralized chain is extremely difficult, as you know. And we basically get that for free with Ethereum. The network has been going on for a very long time now and the security is stable and it's decentralized. And I think that's really the key two points that we wanted to have. When you look at some of these new L1s that are being created, it's not really decentralized and it's not really secure. So at the end of the day, you're basically having like a... fancy database that is probably a bit slower to use than an actual database. And so we didn't really see the value in that. With Ethereum, we get the security by default. The second thing that we get by having an L2 is that you get all this liquidity that is already part of all the EVM compatible chains. And that was also a very important decision factor for us. If we really want to bring the stock market onto the chain, we need to have this liquidity. It's not going to be possible if it's in a closed loop or in a closed chain that nobody can access and you need to have like 20 different hoops before you can bridge to that chain. So for us, that was kind of the two elements that we really wanted to focus on and that's why we decided on building on Ethereum. And then we decided on Arbitrum mostly because we love the technology. There's a few things that we are excited about. For example, Stylus. It's a way that we can basically use different language into the chain and we can build on top of that. We also like the way that they prioritize transactions that is, we think, a better way than some of the competition. And so basically we'll use the Arbitrum stack and we'll create our own L2, which will make us also compatible with all the Arbitrum chains. And so we think it's kind of the best of all the worlds. But for us, the idea is like we will start with public stock, and then we think that we can tokenize anything really, not just stocks. It can be private stock, it can be art, it can be real estate, whatever you want to think of. And so we really wanted to have a platform that is kind of easy to build on and we can keep adding on it. At the same time, we know that regulation are going to be hard on some of these products, especially when it comes to financial products. You always have different regulators. You have different rules depending on the region. If you're in the EU versus the US versus LATAM. And so we felt like we wanted to have our own layer that we could customize for these needs. And then anyone that is building on the chain will also be able to benefit from what we are building, versus just putting everything in a contract that will be just good for the people that are using the Robinhood contracts. But so at this point, we announced the chain in June. We are in private test right now, and then we'll do more announcements in the future." Subscribe for the full episode tomorrow! ► Newsletter: ► Spotify: ► Apple: ► Youtube: ► Pods:

DeFi Dad ⟠ defidad.eth

62,600 views • 7 months ago

BITCOIN RAILS EPISODE #24: The History of Zero-Knowledge Proofs | with ZK “Godfather” Eli Ben Sasson In 2013, computer science professor Eli Ben-Sasson | Starknet.io presented his research on zero-knowledge proofs at a small Bitcoin conference outside of Standford University. The presentation immediately sparked interest from Bitcoin Core developer Greg Maxwell—leading Eli into over a decade of sustained work advancing ZK-based solutions for blockchain scalability and privacy. Today, zero-knowledge proofs are widely considered some of the most powerful and promising cryptographic primitives for scaling—with their full potential for Bitcoin simmering just beneath the surface of active development. This episode shares Eli’s early discussions of ZKPs for scaling, the use of proofs in privacy-enhancing technologies like Zcash, the explosion of ZKPs for Layer 2s on Ethereum… and his recent return to exploring ZKPs for Bitcoin. As always, you can view this episode on YouTube or Spotify via the linktree in my bio—YouTube link in comments as well. This episode is powered by Best In Slot—the leading API for Ordinals and BRC20 data aggregation and indexing. TIMESTAMPS: 00:51 Eli Ben-Sasson: Godfather of ZKPs 02:15 Revealing Proof Research to Bitcoiners 04:15 Meeting Greg Maxwell; Mike Hearn 06:10 ZCash: Bringing ZK Based Privacy for Crypto 07:05 SNARKs and STARKs Explained 08:10 Would Satoshi Approve of Bitcoin STARKs? 11:41 ZCash Privacy Versus Monero 13:45 When did the ZKP era begin on Ethereum? 16:34 What’s different about ZK STARKs? 18:40 Vitalik and STARKs on Ethereum with Starkware 21:10 Academics finally appreciating STARKs 23:18 Healthy competition in the ZK industry 24:20 What is Starknet? 25:50 What is an L2, in Eli’s view? 27:20 Focustree, an app on Starknet 30:00 How Eli arrived at Bitcoin Season 2 34:45 When did ZK look realistic for Bitcoin? 36:55 Eli first heard about OP_CAT 39:30 Why Lightning isn’t good enough 40:30 When did Starkware start focusing on OP_CAT? 44:20 Runes bridge to Starknet! 46:00 Expanding Starknet staking to BTC 48:20 Why is OP_CAT “barely enough” for Bitcoin L2s? 51:00 The real reason people oppose OP_CAT, per Eli 53:00 The risks of *not* changing Bitcoin 55:35 The weakness of Bitcoin’s lack of governance 01:00:15 We will need to softfork for quantum!
1:02:08

BITCOIN RAILS EPISODE #24: The History of Zero-Knowledge Proofs | with ZK “Godfather” Eli Ben Sasson In 2013, computer science professor Eli Ben-Sasson | Starknet.io presented his research on zero-knowledge proofs at a small Bitcoin conference outside of Standford University. The presentation immediately sparked interest from Bitcoin Core developer Greg Maxwell—leading Eli into over a decade of sustained work advancing ZK-based solutions for blockchain scalability and privacy. Today, zero-knowledge proofs are widely considered some of the most powerful and promising cryptographic primitives for scaling—with their full potential for Bitcoin simmering just beneath the surface of active development. This episode shares Eli’s early discussions of ZKPs for scaling, the use of proofs in privacy-enhancing technologies like Zcash, the explosion of ZKPs for Layer 2s on Ethereum… and his recent return to exploring ZKPs for Bitcoin. As always, you can view this episode on YouTube or Spotify via the linktree in my bio—YouTube link in comments as well. This episode is powered by Best In Slot—the leading API for Ordinals and BRC20 data aggregation and indexing. TIMESTAMPS: 00:51 Eli Ben-Sasson: Godfather of ZKPs 02:15 Revealing Proof Research to Bitcoiners 04:15 Meeting Greg Maxwell; Mike Hearn 06:10 ZCash: Bringing ZK Based Privacy for Crypto 07:05 SNARKs and STARKs Explained 08:10 Would Satoshi Approve of Bitcoin STARKs? 11:41 ZCash Privacy Versus Monero 13:45 When did the ZKP era begin on Ethereum? 16:34 What’s different about ZK STARKs? 18:40 Vitalik and STARKs on Ethereum with Starkware 21:10 Academics finally appreciating STARKs 23:18 Healthy competition in the ZK industry 24:20 What is Starknet? 25:50 What is an L2, in Eli’s view? 27:20 Focustree, an app on Starknet 30:00 How Eli arrived at Bitcoin Season 2 34:45 When did ZK look realistic for Bitcoin? 36:55 Eli first heard about OP_CAT 39:30 Why Lightning isn’t good enough 40:30 When did Starkware start focusing on OP_CAT? 44:20 Runes bridge to Starknet! 46:00 Expanding Starknet staking to BTC 48:20 Why is OP_CAT “barely enough” for Bitcoin L2s? 51:00 The real reason people oppose OP_CAT, per Eli 53:00 The risks of *not* changing Bitcoin 55:35 The weakness of Bitcoin’s lack of governance 01:00:15 We will need to softfork for quantum!

Isabel Foxen Duke⚡️

46,022 views • 1 year ago

Introducing Penpad Season 2 - Mystic Pen Warriors Penpad is the first ZK proof Launchpad enabling Initial Progressive Ownership (IPO) for project launches. By enabling ZK-protected Log-in, account Abstract support, advanced ZK circuit Design and also flexible farming solutions. Penpad’s mission is to redefine the landscape of project launches within the blockchain domain, ensuring that every initiative not only benefits from groundbreaking technology but also aligns with a fair and equitable model of distribution and governance. In this tweet, we will explain how we are distributing 6,000,000 $PDD tokens, and how this season will open a new era for crypto launchpads and Penpad stakeholders. 🔗 Start your journey & stake now: 🗺️ Dive into Season 2 Quests: 🌌 Medium Tutorial: 1/ Stake to become a part of a tier Every tier brings different benefits and responsibilities to the stakeholders. Tier 1: 2.67 ETH worth of $PDD (400,000 $PDD at 667 FDV in ETH) Tier 2: 16 ETH worth of $PDD (600,000 $PDD at 2,667 FDV in ETH) Tier 3: 40 ETH worth of $PDD (800,000 $PDD at 5,000 FDV in ETH) Tier 4: 78 ETH worth of $PDD (1,200,000 $PDD at 6,500 FDV in ETH) Tier 5: 94 ETH worth of $PDD (1,200,000 $PDD at 7,833 FDV in ETH) Tier 6: 69.34 ETH worth of $PDD (800,000 $PDD at 8,667 FDV in ETH) Tier 7: 58 ETH worth of $PDD (600,000 $PDD at 9,667 FDV in ETH) Tier 8: 42.67 ETH worth of $PDD (400,000 $PDD at 10,667 FDV in ETH) 2/ Benefits and responsibilities of every tier By staking certain amounts in your PenPad team, members unlock valuation rights, potential preferential access to future launch projects, and more. The more active you are in the campaign, the more $PDD you’ll get while enjoying lower $PDD prices at the same time.
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Introducing Penpad Season 2 - Mystic Pen Warriors Penpad is the first ZK proof Launchpad enabling Initial Progressive Ownership (IPO) for project launches. By enabling ZK-protected Log-in, account Abstract support, advanced ZK circuit Design and also flexible farming solutions. Penpad’s mission is to redefine the landscape of project launches within the blockchain domain, ensuring that every initiative not only benefits from groundbreaking technology but also aligns with a fair and equitable model of distribution and governance. In this tweet, we will explain how we are distributing 6,000,000 $PDD tokens, and how this season will open a new era for crypto launchpads and Penpad stakeholders. 🔗 Start your journey & stake now: 🗺️ Dive into Season 2 Quests: 🌌 Medium Tutorial: 1/ Stake to become a part of a tier Every tier brings different benefits and responsibilities to the stakeholders. Tier 1: 2.67 ETH worth of $PDD (400,000 $PDD at 667 FDV in ETH) Tier 2: 16 ETH worth of $PDD (600,000 $PDD at 2,667 FDV in ETH) Tier 3: 40 ETH worth of $PDD (800,000 $PDD at 5,000 FDV in ETH) Tier 4: 78 ETH worth of $PDD (1,200,000 $PDD at 6,500 FDV in ETH) Tier 5: 94 ETH worth of $PDD (1,200,000 $PDD at 7,833 FDV in ETH) Tier 6: 69.34 ETH worth of $PDD (800,000 $PDD at 8,667 FDV in ETH) Tier 7: 58 ETH worth of $PDD (600,000 $PDD at 9,667 FDV in ETH) Tier 8: 42.67 ETH worth of $PDD (400,000 $PDD at 10,667 FDV in ETH) 2/ Benefits and responsibilities of every tier By staking certain amounts in your PenPad team, members unlock valuation rights, potential preferential access to future launch projects, and more. The more active you are in the campaign, the more $PDD you’ll get while enjoying lower $PDD prices at the same time.

DAPP

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