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#BREAKING Thousands of migrants primarily young Moroccan men, alongside some families and individuals from sub-Saharan Africa enter Spain's north African territory Ceuta from Morocco by swimming around coastal breakwaters or scaling border fences.

32,943 次观看 • 2 个月前 •via X (Twitter)

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Everyone is posting about Ceuta. Almost nobody knows where it is or why it exists, so let me fix that, because the history is the entire story. Ceuta is not in Spain. It is in Africa. It sits on the north coast of Morocco, an eighteen square kilometre wedge of Spanish soil surrounded by Moroccan territory and the sea. Population around 83,000. Together with Melilla to the east, it forms the only land border the European Union has with the African continent. Look at a map. The Strait of Gibraltar is fourteen kilometres wide at its narrowest. Eight and a half miles. The ancients called the two headlands guarding it the Pillars of Hercules, the Rock of Gibraltar to the north and Monte Hacho, which sits inside Ceuta, to the south. That gate has been the hinge of the Mediterranean world for three thousand years. Now the history, which people keep getting backwards. The Romans held it and called it Septem Fratres, the seven brothers, which is where the name Ceuta comes from. Vandals, then Byzantines. In 711 a Berber commander named Tariq ibn Ziyad crossed that strait and began the conquest of Spain. The rock he landed at still carries his name. Jabal Tariq. Gibraltar. Then it turned the other way. Portugal took Ceuta in 1415, an event historians treat as the opening move of the Age of Discovery. When Portugal regained its independence from the Spanish crown in 1640, Ceuta alone chose to stay Spanish. Portugal formally ceded it in the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668. So Ceuta has been Spanish for 358 years, and European for 611. Morocco, as a modern independent state, has existed since 1956. That matters, because Morocco claims both enclaves as colonial relics. Spain calls them integral national territory and EU soil, which legally they are. And here is the pattern nobody mentions. In 2002 Morocco quietly occupied a tiny uninhabited rock called Perejil, a few hundred metres off the coast. Spain retook it with helicopters and special forces. In May 2021, after Spain admitted the leader of the Polisario Front for medical treatment, Moroccan border guards stood back and roughly 8,000 people walked and swam into Ceuta over two days. Spain's prime minister called it a serious crisis for Spain and for Europe. In 2022 Spain reversed itself and endorsed Morocco's autonomy plan for Western Sahara, and the border trouble stopped. Read that sequence again. The border opens when Madrid displeases Rabat. It closes when Madrid complies. There is a name for that. It is called instrumentalised migration, and the EU used the same language about Belarus pushing people at the Polish frontier. Whether it rises to an act of war is a lawyer's argument. That it is coercion using human beings as the instrument is not seriously disputed by anyone who follows the file. Now the current numbers, and I am going to be careful because everyone else is not. Ceuta's regional president says 60,000 entered, more than seventy percent of the city's population. Spain's Interior Ministry says close to 50,000 since Thursday, and that more than 48,300 have already been returned to Morocco. Al Jazeera reported 1,500 to 2,000 over ten days. Those figures cannot all be true. At least 18 people are dead, drowned or crushed at the breakwater. Some reports say more. Children are sleeping in parks. Spain has deployed the army. Italy is talking about extraordinary measures. The one number I am confident in is the dead one, and it will rise. So before the next hot take flies past you, remember what you are actually looking at. A European city on African soil, older in Spanish hands than the United States has existed, sitting on the narrowest gate between two continents, being used as leverage in a fight about Western Sahara. That is not a migration story. That is a border being used as a weapon, and people are drowning in it. 🦋

Selene Mariposa

86,339 次观看 • 2 个月前

Facial reconstruction of a 9,000-year-old man from Mechta-el-Arbi, Algeria At the boundary of the Holocene, the “Mechta” or “Mechta-Afalou” type predominated in western North Africa. It was also attributed to several eastern North African finds, including Wadi Kubbaniya, Jebel Sahaba, and Wadi Halfa, and to Saharan remains such as Asselar and Gobero. However, these assignments are questionable, as robustness is essentially their only shared trait and is better regarded as an archaic feature. The Mechta type is therefore best restricted to the Maghreb and northwestern Sahara. The type was defined from Taforalt (Morocco, 11.9–13.9 ka BP), Afalou-bou-Rhummel (Algeria, 11.5–13.1 ka BP), and Mechta-el-Arbi (Algeria, 7.5–10 ka BP), and was also termed Mechta-Arbi, Iberomaurusian, or Epipalaeolithic (Arambourg et al., 1934; Ferembach, 1962). Early Holocene climatic change drove coastal populations inland and coincided with rapid population growth, but anthropological homogeneity remained high. Later classifications distinguished a robust Mechta-Afalou and a more gracile Mechtoid variant among Iberomaurusians, with additional Mechta, Mechtoid, Capsian, and Proto-Mediterranean variants among Capsian populations (Chamla, 1978). It has been suggested that the people of Taforalt, compared with the slightly later Afalou-bou-Rhummel group, were more robust and less variable, perhaps due to greater isolation and endogamy (Lubell et al., 1984). However, multivariate analyses do not support this interpretation (Groves and Thorne, 1999). Taforalt individuals appear closer to Caucasoids - and, accounting for their robustness, to European Cro-Magnons - while Afalou-bou-Rhummel individuals show somewhat more Sub-Saharan African affinities, approaching Jebel Sahaba (Groves and Thorne, 1999). The Mechta-Afalou type was originally classified as Caucasoid largely because of jaw orthognathism and strong nasal projection (Arambourg et al., 1934; Vallois, 1952). However, its broad nose and interorbital region, together with prognathism in some individuals, led to comparisons with African Cro-Magnons. Similarities with Upper Paleolithic European Cro-Magnons have repeatedly been emphasized (Groves and Thorne, 1999). At the beginning of the Holocene, Mechta-Afalou people generally had robust, high, dolichocranic to occasionally mesocranic skulls, with very thick vault bones, sloping foreheads, prominent brow ridges, and usually rounded occipitals. The faces were broad, low, and generally orthognathic, with low rectangular orbits, a very broad interorbital region, and a strongly projecting but relatively broad nose. The zygomatics were robust, while some individuals displayed marked alveolar prognathism. The mandibles were exceptionally large, with high symphyses, strongly projecting chins, everted angles, and narrow, long ascending rami inclined backward. The postcranial skeleton was robust, with pronounced muscular markings. Stature was relatively tall, averaging about 1.74 m at Afalou-bou-Rhummel, and limb proportions broadly resembled those of Upper Paleolithic Europeans and some modern African populations. One of the distinctive features of Iberomaurusians is that the upper central incisors were removed from the men during their lifetime. The procedure was probably a ritual performed upon entering adulthood.

Ancestral Whispers

549,524 次观看 • 27 天前

Facial reconstruction of a 9,500-year-old man from Gobero, Ténéré Desert, Niger The Kiffian culture was an Early Holocene culture that existed in the Sahara during the African Humid Period, also referred to as the Neolithic Subpluvial. The site of Gobero is known as one of the largest and earliest burial sites of Stone Age people in the Sahara. The Kiffians were skilled hunters. The remains of numerous large savannah animals found in the same area suggest that they inhabited the shores of a lake that existed during the Holocene Wet Phase, when the Sahara was a lush and humid environment. Kiffian remains are notable for their height; the reconstructed individual (G3B8) was approximately 188 cm tall. The Early Holocene skulls from Gobero share a number of traits with populations of the Sahara and Maghreb from the Late Upper Paleolithic and Early Holocene and were therefore described as “Mechtoid” (Sereno et al., 2008). However, the published study does not distinguish anthropologically between “Mechtoids” from the northern and southern parts of the Sahara, although this distinction is clearly evident in other studies. It therefore remains unclear whether the features of the Early Holocene inhabitants of Gobero were predominantly Sub-Saharan or genuinely “Mechtoid.” Moreover, it is possible that the Middle Holocene group had an origin independent of that of the Early Holocene population (S. V. Drobyshevsky, Antropogenez). A more recent study by Christopher M. Stojanowski, Joel D. Irish, and Paul C. Sereno (2026) found that the inter-sample affinities suggest that the successive Gobero populations are dentally indistinguishable, indicating population continuity at the site despite significant climatic deterioration. Both the Early and Middle Holocene samples from Gobero share dental affinities with Nile Valley populations, particularly those from the multicomponent Sudanese site of al-Khiday. However, both samples also display intermediate affinities with northern and Sub-Saharan African populations. These results suggest that, for much of the Holocene, an admixed population inhabited the central Sahara, with a primarily East African/Nile Valley origin. Nevertheless, as the climate deteriorated, interactions with northern and Sub-Saharan African populations cannot be ruled out.

Ancestral Whispers

46,130 次观看 • 1 个月前

SPAIN IS BEING OVERRUN AND SANCHEZ OWNS THIS🚨 Today, thousands of migrants stormed the border into Ceuta from Morocco. This did not come out of nowhere, Pedro Sanchez’s government spent months pushing a massive regularisation scheme that was supposed to cover around 500,000 illegal migrants where over a million applied. Meanwhile to make the situation worse, temporary work permits have already been handed out to hundreds of thousands while applications are processed. The message the Sanchez government sent is clear, Spain will regularise large numbers of people who entered or stayed illegally. When a government signals that illegal presence can lead to papers, more people will obviously come, it’s not rocket science to figure it out. Sanchez and his ministers own the policy choices that created the incentives and the weakened deterrence. They own the repeated preference for regularisation and “integration” rhetoric over firm border control and rapid returns. They own the gap between talking about returns and the reality of overloaded facilities and uncontrolled crossings at Ceuta. Two things need to happen ASAP: ▪️Sanchez resigns, a government that promises pathways that function as magnets, then watches the border collapse under the resulting pressure, has lost the authority to continue ▪️New leadership must prioritise the deportation of every person who entered or remains illegally, starting with those who crossed today and those already in the system without legal basis. Borders that are not enforced stop being borders Spain is a sovereign country but sovereignty requires control of who enters and who stays. What happened in Ceuta today is the predictable result of policies that prioritised regularisation over enforcement. Responsibility sits with the government that designed and defended those policies.

Harry Theocharous

47,117 次观看 • 2 个月前