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$BTC'S FIRST-EVER MEMORY BUG Bitcoin developers disclosed CVE-2024-52911 on Tuesday, a high-severity bug in the network's main node software that let miners crash other people's nodes or potentially execute code on them remotely. The use-after-free vulnerability in the script validation engine affected versions 0.14.1 through 28.4. Developer Niklas Gögge... called it the first memory safety issue ever disclosed in the project's history. Cory Fields of the MIT Digital Currency Initiative privately reported the bug in November 2024. Pieter Wuille shipped the fix in version 29.0 in April 2025, and the last vulnerable release line reached end of life last month. The exploit required burning hashpower on specially crafted invalid blocks, making it expensive in practice and likely never used. Roughly 43% of Bitcoin nodes are still running pre-v29 software, per Clark Moody dashboard data.show more

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The next iPhone will cost more, and the reason has almost nothing to do with Apple. The chip that stores your photos cost Apple about 13 dollars last year. This year it runs around 51. Multiply that across every phone, laptop, and console on earth, and you are looking at the first consumer bill for the AI boom, arriving in the pocket of someone who never asked for it. Tim Cook, who has run Apple's supply chain for forty years, called it a hundred-year flood, something he has never seen. Memory prices have quadrupled in places. The cause is brutally simple. AI data centers are now expected to swallow roughly 70 percent of the world's memory production this year. Seven chips in ten go to server farms. Phones, cars, and laptops fight over the three that are left. This is one force wearing two faces. The same AI demand making the device in your hand more expensive is minting record fortunes for the handful of companies that feed it. Memory makers in Seoul just hit all-time highs in the same week Apple warned you to brace for higher prices. The shortage and the windfall are the identical event, seen from opposite ends. Then comes the part almost no one traces all the way down. Beneath the chips sit rare earth minerals, and one country controls them. China processes around 90 percent of the world's rare earths and makes roughly 94 percent of the high-performance magnets that spin inside every fab and cooling system. The polishing compound that finishes a wafer, the magnets in the machines that build it, run through Beijing. And through 2025, China has been turning that grip into leverage, licensing what leaves. So the chain is complete. AI wants memory, memory needs minerals, and the minerals answer to one government. The price of your phone is now a foreign policy.

The next iPhone will cost more, and the reason has almost nothing to do with Apple. The chip that stores your photos cost Apple about 13 dollars last year. This year it runs around 51. Multiply that across every phone, laptop, and console on earth, and you are looking at the first consumer bill for the AI boom, arriving in the pocket of someone who never asked for it. Tim Cook, who has run Apple's supply chain for forty years, called it a hundred-year flood, something he has never seen. Memory prices have quadrupled in places. The cause is brutally simple. AI data centers are now expected to swallow roughly 70 percent of the world's memory production this year. Seven chips in ten go to server farms. Phones, cars, and laptops fight over the three that are left. This is one force wearing two faces. The same AI demand making the device in your hand more expensive is minting record fortunes for the handful of companies that feed it. Memory makers in Seoul just hit all-time highs in the same week Apple warned you to brace for higher prices. The shortage and the windfall are the identical event, seen from opposite ends. Then comes the part almost no one traces all the way down. Beneath the chips sit rare earth minerals, and one country controls them. China processes around 90 percent of the world's rare earths and makes roughly 94 percent of the high-performance magnets that spin inside every fab and cooling system. The polishing compound that finishes a wafer, the magnets in the machines that build it, run through Beijing. And through 2025, China has been turning that grip into leverage, licensing what leaves. So the chain is complete. AI wants memory, memory needs minerals, and the minerals answer to one government. The price of your phone is now a foreign policy.

Shanaka Anslem Perera ⚡

58,900 görüntüleme • 1 ay önce

Sold 32 coins. Bought 1,550. 48 times more, at a 15% discount, into the crash the market blamed on the sale. Strategy disclosed today that while everyone panicked over its $2.5 million Bitcoin sale, it was quietly buying the dip that panic created. 1,550 Bitcoin for $101 million, at $65,332 a coin, far below the $77,135 it sold for and below its own cost basis. The bears called the sale the first crack, a forced liquidation, the start of the death spiral. The answer was a buy 48 times the size of the sale that scared them. This is the machine we described: a state-contingent allocator. Above its funding line, it turns market access into Bitcoin. The sale was the exception. The buy is the rule. It also closed the question the sale opened. The cash reserve behind the preferred dividends had thinned to $900 million, about six months of cover. He rebuilt it to $1 billion in the same week. But watch how, because that is the real story. He funded none of it with coins. He funded it with $181 million of freshly issued stock, then spent it on Bitcoin and the reserve. The coins were never the funding source. The equity is. That is the flywheel working exactly as built, and the cost of it surfacing at the same time. Every turn now runs on issuing shares, and the premium that once made each share buy more Bitcoin than it diluted has compressed hard. He bought low. He sold his own stock low to do it. So the question quietly turns. It was never whether Saylor sells his Bitcoin. He just proved again that he buys far more than he sells. It is what each turn of the engine now costs in dilution, and how long the market keeps paying a premium worth that cost. He bought the dip. The dip was partly his own making. And he paid for it in equity, not coins.

Sold 32 coins. Bought 1,550. 48 times more, at a 15% discount, into the crash the market blamed on the sale. Strategy disclosed today that while everyone panicked over its $2.5 million Bitcoin sale, it was quietly buying the dip that panic created. 1,550 Bitcoin for $101 million, at $65,332 a coin, far below the $77,135 it sold for and below its own cost basis. The bears called the sale the first crack, a forced liquidation, the start of the death spiral. The answer was a buy 48 times the size of the sale that scared them. This is the machine we described: a state-contingent allocator. Above its funding line, it turns market access into Bitcoin. The sale was the exception. The buy is the rule. It also closed the question the sale opened. The cash reserve behind the preferred dividends had thinned to $900 million, about six months of cover. He rebuilt it to $1 billion in the same week. But watch how, because that is the real story. He funded none of it with coins. He funded it with $181 million of freshly issued stock, then spent it on Bitcoin and the reserve. The coins were never the funding source. The equity is. That is the flywheel working exactly as built, and the cost of it surfacing at the same time. Every turn now runs on issuing shares, and the premium that once made each share buy more Bitcoin than it diluted has compressed hard. He bought low. He sold his own stock low to do it. So the question quietly turns. It was never whether Saylor sells his Bitcoin. He just proved again that he buys far more than he sells. It is what each turn of the engine now costs in dilution, and how long the market keeps paying a premium worth that cost. He bought the dip. The dip was partly his own making. And he paid for it in equity, not coins.

Shanaka Anslem Perera ⚡

142,444 görüntüleme • 1 ay önce

Day 11/90 of Inference Engineering How does vLLM work and how is it used in production? Before we discuss how vLLM works internally, it helps to understand what vLLM is. At a high level, vLLM is an inference engine that is designed to serve LLMs to thousands of concurrent users efficiently while managing scarce compute and memory. The goal for vLLM is to maximize throughput and minimize latency; optimizing for the best inference economics and experience for end users. With every request from the end user, it eventually ends up in the engine core, gets scheduled alongside other requests from other concurrent users, executes on the GPU, and updates the KV cache with the new key and value vectors, and streams the tokens back to the user. The Scheduler decides what requests should execute next while continuously batching requests together to maximize GPU utilization. Continuous batching is an inference optimization that allows new requests to join a running batch as other requests finish generating tokens. This helps with keeping the GPU utilization high instead of letting it sit idle waiting for an entire batch to complete generating. After the scheduler dispatches the selected batch to the Model Executor, the Model Executor prepares the tensors and metadata required for inference, retrieves each request’s block table from KV Cache Manager, launches the optimized transformer forward pass on the GPU, computes the logits, updates the KV cache with the new key and value vectors, and finally returns the results for sampling and streaming. The KV Cache Manager uses the PagedAttention memory layout to allocate fixed-size cache blocks on demand and maintains a Free Block Queue on the CPU that tracks which blocks in the GPU’s Paged KV Cache are currently free. When a request needs additional KV cache space, the KV Cache manager takes a free block from the queue and assigns it to that request, thus avoiding an expensive search through GPU memory for available cache blocks. All of these components form the core of vLLM’s inference engine. The Scheduler determines what requests are executed, the Model Executor determines how those requests are executed, the KV Cache Manager determines where each request’s KV cache lives using the PagedAttention Memory Layout. This architecture enables vLLM to serve thousands of concurrent requests with high throughput, low latency, and efficient GPU memory utilization. Heres a little animation that visualizes everything! - I've also completed the forward pass for my mnist.c project. I had a nice chat with shrey birmiwal, such a knowledgeable guy. Excited to learn more about vLLM and implement a tiny-vLLM one day.

Day 11/90 of Inference Engineering How does vLLM work and how is it used in production? Before we discuss how vLLM works internally, it helps to understand what vLLM is. At a high level, vLLM is an inference engine that is designed to serve LLMs to thousands of concurrent users efficiently while managing scarce compute and memory. The goal for vLLM is to maximize throughput and minimize latency; optimizing for the best inference economics and experience for end users. With every request from the end user, it eventually ends up in the engine core, gets scheduled alongside other requests from other concurrent users, executes on the GPU, and updates the KV cache with the new key and value vectors, and streams the tokens back to the user. The Scheduler decides what requests should execute next while continuously batching requests together to maximize GPU utilization. Continuous batching is an inference optimization that allows new requests to join a running batch as other requests finish generating tokens. This helps with keeping the GPU utilization high instead of letting it sit idle waiting for an entire batch to complete generating. After the scheduler dispatches the selected batch to the Model Executor, the Model Executor prepares the tensors and metadata required for inference, retrieves each request’s block table from KV Cache Manager, launches the optimized transformer forward pass on the GPU, computes the logits, updates the KV cache with the new key and value vectors, and finally returns the results for sampling and streaming. The KV Cache Manager uses the PagedAttention memory layout to allocate fixed-size cache blocks on demand and maintains a Free Block Queue on the CPU that tracks which blocks in the GPU’s Paged KV Cache are currently free. When a request needs additional KV cache space, the KV Cache manager takes a free block from the queue and assigns it to that request, thus avoiding an expensive search through GPU memory for available cache blocks. All of these components form the core of vLLM’s inference engine. The Scheduler determines what requests are executed, the Model Executor determines how those requests are executed, the KV Cache Manager determines where each request’s KV cache lives using the PagedAttention Memory Layout. This architecture enables vLLM to serve thousands of concurrent requests with high throughput, low latency, and efficient GPU memory utilization. Heres a little animation that visualizes everything! - I've also completed the forward pass for my mnist.c project. I had a nice chat with shrey birmiwal, such a knowledgeable guy. Excited to learn more about vLLM and implement a tiny-vLLM one day.

max fu

70,024 görüntüleme • 18 gün önce

AI just hit a wall that no amount of money can move. The planet itself. There is not enough power, water, or land on Earth to build the data centers the AI race now demands. So the most valuable bet in artificial intelligence is no longer a chip company or a model. It is a rocket company. The plan is to leave. In January, SpaceX filed with the FCC to launch up to 1 million solar-powered data center satellites into orbit. In February it bought xAI, the maker of Grok, folding an entire frontier AI lab into a rocket company in the largest corporate merger ever recorded. On June 8 it unveiled the AI1, a compute satellite with a 70-meter wingspan, wider than a Boeing 747, powered by the sun, cooled by the vacuum of space, and wired to the ground through Starlink. Four days later it went public in the largest IPO in history, near 1.77 trillion dollars, touched 2.1 trillion on its first day, raised close to 86 billion, and made one man the first trillionaire alive. Now read the direction of that merger, because it is the whole story. A rocket company bought the AI lab. Not the reverse. For three years everyone assumed the constraint on AI was chips, or data, or talent. It is none of them anymore. It is energy and heat and dirt. The head of Anthropic said his company grew faster than the exponential, 80 times in a single year, and that is exactly why it ran out of compute. The answer was not to build more data centers in Virginia. It was to leave the atmosphere, where the sun never sets and a solar panel does five times the work. The moat in artificial intelligence is no longer the model. It is the launch. And the first rent is already being paid. A rival lab, Anthropic, is reported to be sending roughly 1.25 billion dollars a month to Musk for compute. Google near 920 million. If intelligence moves to orbit, the company that owns the only affordable road there becomes the landlord of the next layer of the internet, the way one bookstore became the landlord of the cloud. The merger is the proof of concept. The IPO is the war chest. Those monthly checks are the lease. Here is the part the price tag does not want you to read. Close to a trillion dollars of that valuation rests on orbital data centers that do not yet exist, and on a chip factory, Terafab, that SpaceX's own public filing calls a general framework with no binding deal, one that may not achieve commercial viability. Musk said it on camera. This is not a promise. The largest IPO ever written is priced on a future the filing itself cannot verify. The other side is just as real. Compute in orbit costs about four times what it costs on the ground today, and the curve may not cross for fifteen years. The machines that print the chips are backordered for years. Shedding heat in a vacuum at this scale has never been done. Musk's timelines have a long history of meaning later. And Bezos is racing the same orbit with a constellation of 51,600 satellites of his own. But strip it all away and the trade underneath is one sentence. Earth has run out of room for intelligence, and whoever owns the road off the planet owns whatever gets built next. Call it the most expensive science fiction ever sold, or the first time the map of the internet pointed up.

AI just hit a wall that no amount of money can move. The planet itself. There is not enough power, water, or land on Earth to build the data centers the AI race now demands. So the most valuable bet in artificial intelligence is no longer a chip company or a model. It is a rocket company. The plan is to leave. In January, SpaceX filed with the FCC to launch up to 1 million solar-powered data center satellites into orbit. In February it bought xAI, the maker of Grok, folding an entire frontier AI lab into a rocket company in the largest corporate merger ever recorded. On June 8 it unveiled the AI1, a compute satellite with a 70-meter wingspan, wider than a Boeing 747, powered by the sun, cooled by the vacuum of space, and wired to the ground through Starlink. Four days later it went public in the largest IPO in history, near 1.77 trillion dollars, touched 2.1 trillion on its first day, raised close to 86 billion, and made one man the first trillionaire alive. Now read the direction of that merger, because it is the whole story. A rocket company bought the AI lab. Not the reverse. For three years everyone assumed the constraint on AI was chips, or data, or talent. It is none of them anymore. It is energy and heat and dirt. The head of Anthropic said his company grew faster than the exponential, 80 times in a single year, and that is exactly why it ran out of compute. The answer was not to build more data centers in Virginia. It was to leave the atmosphere, where the sun never sets and a solar panel does five times the work. The moat in artificial intelligence is no longer the model. It is the launch. And the first rent is already being paid. A rival lab, Anthropic, is reported to be sending roughly 1.25 billion dollars a month to Musk for compute. Google near 920 million. If intelligence moves to orbit, the company that owns the only affordable road there becomes the landlord of the next layer of the internet, the way one bookstore became the landlord of the cloud. The merger is the proof of concept. The IPO is the war chest. Those monthly checks are the lease. Here is the part the price tag does not want you to read. Close to a trillion dollars of that valuation rests on orbital data centers that do not yet exist, and on a chip factory, Terafab, that SpaceX's own public filing calls a general framework with no binding deal, one that may not achieve commercial viability. Musk said it on camera. This is not a promise. The largest IPO ever written is priced on a future the filing itself cannot verify. The other side is just as real. Compute in orbit costs about four times what it costs on the ground today, and the curve may not cross for fifteen years. The machines that print the chips are backordered for years. Shedding heat in a vacuum at this scale has never been done. Musk's timelines have a long history of meaning later. And Bezos is racing the same orbit with a constellation of 51,600 satellites of his own. But strip it all away and the trade underneath is one sentence. Earth has run out of room for intelligence, and whoever owns the road off the planet owns whatever gets built next. Call it the most expensive science fiction ever sold, or the first time the map of the internet pointed up.

Shanaka Anslem Perera ⚡

54,373 görüntüleme • 1 ay önce

The life of a guy who tried to mine Bitcoin at home: • Watched one YouTube video and said "how hard can it be" • Bought an S19 off some guy on Telegram (receipt was a thumbs up emoji) • Plugged it into a regular outlet and tripped every breaker in the house within 11 seconds • Wife asked "what is that noise" approximately 47 times in the first hour • Moved it to the garage in January. Garage is now 104 degrees. In Iowa. • Electric bill went from $180 to $520. Called the utility company thinking it was a mistake. It was not a mistake. • Dog refuses to go in the garage • Kids think there's a jet engine in the house • Machine went down at 3 AM. Googled "ASIC repair near me." Results: pain. • Shipped it to some repair place in Shenzhen. Got it back 11 weeks later. Different machine. Probably. • Calculated actual profit after power, repairs, and the marriage counseling. Net result: negative. • Finally called a hosting company • Now pays $0.065/kWh, sleeps through the night, and hasn't touched a circuit breaker since • Wife talks to him again • Dog came back inside There are two types of miners. The ones doing it at home. And the ones who used to.

The life of a guy who tried to mine Bitcoin at home: • Watched one YouTube video and said "how hard can it be" • Bought an S19 off some guy on Telegram (receipt was a thumbs up emoji) • Plugged it into a regular outlet and tripped every breaker in the house within 11 seconds • Wife asked "what is that noise" approximately 47 times in the first hour • Moved it to the garage in January. Garage is now 104 degrees. In Iowa. • Electric bill went from $180 to $520. Called the utility company thinking it was a mistake. It was not a mistake. • Dog refuses to go in the garage • Kids think there's a jet engine in the house • Machine went down at 3 AM. Googled "ASIC repair near me." Results: pain. • Shipped it to some repair place in Shenzhen. Got it back 11 weeks later. Different machine. Probably. • Calculated actual profit after power, repairs, and the marriage counseling. Net result: negative. • Finally called a hosting company • Now pays $0.065/kWh, sleeps through the night, and hasn't touched a circuit breaker since • Wife talks to him again • Dog came back inside There are two types of miners. The ones doing it at home. And the ones who used to.

Simple Mining

22,007 görüntüleme • 5 ay önce

The biggest Bitcoin miners on earth are quietly walking away from mining Bitcoin, and the reason is not the one everyone keeps repeating. They are not fleeing a dead business. They lost an auction for their own power, and the winner was artificial intelligence. Start with the brutal arithmetic. It now costs the average public miner around $80,000 in cash to produce a single Bitcoin, and for stretches of this year $BTC traded below that. The most efficient operators on the cheapest power still clear a margin, but an estimated 15 to 20 percent of the global fleet is mining at a loss right now, burning more in power than the coins are worth the second they are minted. Three straight downward difficulty adjustments earlier this year, the first such streak since 2022, were the footprint of machines going dark. That looks like a simple story of a broken business until you see the number that explains the exodus. The same megawatt of power that earns a Bitcoin miner roughly $1 million a year earns between $10 and $20 million a year hosting AI compute. Ten to twenty times more, for the identical electricity, substation, and cooling. What made industrial miners valuable was never the mining. It was the power contracts, the land, the grid interconnects. AI walked in and bid an order of magnitude higher for exactly those assets. Mining did not fail. It got outbid for its own infrastructure. When Core Scientific runs its BTC segment at a negative margin while its AI colocation business prints money, the decision writes itself. CoinShares estimates listed miners could pull up to 70 percent of their revenue from AI by year end, up from about 30 percent. The power is being repriced to its highest use, and Bitcoin lost the bidding. If the giants leave, what happens to the network they secured? The doom posts assume it weakens. It does not, because Bitcoin has a self-healing reflex written into its core. When miners switch off, blocks slow, and within two weeks difficulty automatically drops, which makes mining cheaper and more profitable for everyone still running. The security does not vanish, it relocates, and you can already see where. State-backed pools are appearing, with one Gulf operator reportedly standing up a national pool near 3 percent of global hashrate, alongside private fleets and the handful of public miners like Marathon still choosing to buy Bitcoin rather than lease their power away. The network even hit an all-time high above one zettahash this year as the pivot accelerated. It does not need any particular miner. It needs someone, somewhere, for whom the math still works, and cheap stranded power has no shortage of those. But there is a deeper timer here, and the AI pivot just exposed it. Today miners earn almost everything from the block subsidy and almost nothing from fees, often under one percent of revenue on a quiet day. That subsidy halves again in 2028, and every four years after, marching toward zero. For Bitcoin to pay for its own security forever, fees eventually have to replace it. The open question is whether they can, and the evidence cuts both ways. On busy days, during token launches and inscription waves, fees have already spiked past 15 percent of revenue, and in 2024 some blocks earned more in fees than the entire subsidy. The capacity is there in bursts. Whether bursts become a baseline is the single most important unanswered question in Bitcoin. The AI exodus did not create that question. It pulled the cover off it years early, and showed how fast capital abandons hashing the moment something pays more. So the honest read is not that AI kills Bitcoin mining. It is stranger than that. AI is the first bidder rich enough to reveal what Bitcoin's security was always quietly worth, and what it will cost to keep once the free coins stop coming. The miners are not abandoning a sinking ship. They are selling the deck to a higher bidder while the same clock everyone forgot about keeps ticking underneath.

The biggest Bitcoin miners on earth are quietly walking away from mining Bitcoin, and the reason is not the one everyone keeps repeating. They are not fleeing a dead business. They lost an auction for their own power, and the winner was artificial intelligence. Start with the brutal arithmetic. It now costs the average public miner around $80,000 in cash to produce a single Bitcoin, and for stretches of this year $BTC traded below that. The most efficient operators on the cheapest power still clear a margin, but an estimated 15 to 20 percent of the global fleet is mining at a loss right now, burning more in power than the coins are worth the second they are minted. Three straight downward difficulty adjustments earlier this year, the first such streak since 2022, were the footprint of machines going dark. That looks like a simple story of a broken business until you see the number that explains the exodus. The same megawatt of power that earns a Bitcoin miner roughly $1 million a year earns between $10 and $20 million a year hosting AI compute. Ten to twenty times more, for the identical electricity, substation, and cooling. What made industrial miners valuable was never the mining. It was the power contracts, the land, the grid interconnects. AI walked in and bid an order of magnitude higher for exactly those assets. Mining did not fail. It got outbid for its own infrastructure. When Core Scientific runs its BTC segment at a negative margin while its AI colocation business prints money, the decision writes itself. CoinShares estimates listed miners could pull up to 70 percent of their revenue from AI by year end, up from about 30 percent. The power is being repriced to its highest use, and Bitcoin lost the bidding. If the giants leave, what happens to the network they secured? The doom posts assume it weakens. It does not, because Bitcoin has a self-healing reflex written into its core. When miners switch off, blocks slow, and within two weeks difficulty automatically drops, which makes mining cheaper and more profitable for everyone still running. The security does not vanish, it relocates, and you can already see where. State-backed pools are appearing, with one Gulf operator reportedly standing up a national pool near 3 percent of global hashrate, alongside private fleets and the handful of public miners like Marathon still choosing to buy Bitcoin rather than lease their power away. The network even hit an all-time high above one zettahash this year as the pivot accelerated. It does not need any particular miner. It needs someone, somewhere, for whom the math still works, and cheap stranded power has no shortage of those. But there is a deeper timer here, and the AI pivot just exposed it. Today miners earn almost everything from the block subsidy and almost nothing from fees, often under one percent of revenue on a quiet day. That subsidy halves again in 2028, and every four years after, marching toward zero. For Bitcoin to pay for its own security forever, fees eventually have to replace it. The open question is whether they can, and the evidence cuts both ways. On busy days, during token launches and inscription waves, fees have already spiked past 15 percent of revenue, and in 2024 some blocks earned more in fees than the entire subsidy. The capacity is there in bursts. Whether bursts become a baseline is the single most important unanswered question in Bitcoin. The AI exodus did not create that question. It pulled the cover off it years early, and showed how fast capital abandons hashing the moment something pays more. So the honest read is not that AI kills Bitcoin mining. It is stranger than that. AI is the first bidder rich enough to reveal what Bitcoin's security was always quietly worth, and what it will cost to keep once the free coins stop coming. The miners are not abandoning a sinking ship. They are selling the deck to a higher bidder while the same clock everyone forgot about keeps ticking underneath.

Shanaka Anslem Perera ⚡

90,651 görüntüleme • 1 ay önce

The OriginTrail DKG V10 begins its mainnet rollout with a Frontier-AI Resilience Gate. Today, the final V10 release candidate (the exact contract bytecode intended for mainnet) goes live as a public pre-mainnet, funded with 300,000 ethereum:0xaa7a9ca87d3694b5755f213b5d04094b8d0f0a6f tokens: a 200,000 TRAC honeypot pool of real, drainable positions plus a 100,000 severity-reward pool. Independent researchers and AI-augmented teams are invited to break it: drain the honeypot and you keep what you take, and every valid finding is paid by severity. It’s a real pass/fail checkpoint: findings are fixed and verified first, and clearing the gate is the precondition for the mainnet launch. The first step of the DKG V10 deployment, by design. Why lead with security instead of shipping and patching later? On May 29, 2026, a researcher using Claude Opus 4.8 surfaced a critical, roughly four-year-old soundness flaw in Zcash 🛡️’s Orchard pool (a bug that had passed repeated expert review) in about a day, with a working proof-of-concept. The moment matters; the trajectory matters more. Claude Mythos, Anthropic’s frontier model, is so capable at finding vulnerabilities that it was first withheld from public release and run only inside a defensive partner program, where it reportedly surfaced more than ten thousand high- and critical-severity bugs in its first month. It’s now days from a reported public release. The bar for what an attacker, human or AI, can find only rises from here. As Anthropic framed it, the advantage goes to whoever uses these tools first: attackers in the short term, defenders who fix bugs before code ships in the long term. The Resilience Gate is how we make sure we’re on the defenders’ side, testing DKG V10 not just against today’s models but against what arrives next. For anyone shipping on-chain systems, the implication is simple: this code launches once, mistakes can’t be undone, and the responsible move is to invite that scrutiny before any user value is at stake. The path to mainnet, in four phases: Phase 0: Freeze. Final contracts locked and deployed (complete) Phase 1: Frontier-AI Resilience Gate. Open review program, through June 17 Phase 2: Mainnet launch. Hardened, feature-complete V10 (week of June 15) Phase 3: Continuous audit. Every contract, ongoing after launch If you work in smart-contract security, or build with AI that does, we’d welcome your review. No allowlist, real rewards, coordinated disclosure. *Dates are indicative: the exact mainnet date depends on the pace of network bootstrapping and the time needed to patch and re-verify any more severe findings from the Gate. Release candidate 17 (rc17): Bug bounty program and honeypot details:

The OriginTrail DKG V10 begins its mainnet rollout with a Frontier-AI Resilience Gate. Today, the final V10 release candidate (the exact contract bytecode intended for mainnet) goes live as a public pre-mainnet, funded with 300,000 ethereum:0xaa7a9ca87d3694b5755f213b5d04094b8d0f0a6f tokens: a 200,000 TRAC honeypot pool of real, drainable positions plus a 100,000 severity-reward pool. Independent researchers and AI-augmented teams are invited to break it: drain the honeypot and you keep what you take, and every valid finding is paid by severity. It’s a real pass/fail checkpoint: findings are fixed and verified first, and clearing the gate is the precondition for the mainnet launch. The first step of the DKG V10 deployment, by design. Why lead with security instead of shipping and patching later? On May 29, 2026, a researcher using Claude Opus 4.8 surfaced a critical, roughly four-year-old soundness flaw in Zcash 🛡️’s Orchard pool (a bug that had passed repeated expert review) in about a day, with a working proof-of-concept. The moment matters; the trajectory matters more. Claude Mythos, Anthropic’s frontier model, is so capable at finding vulnerabilities that it was first withheld from public release and run only inside a defensive partner program, where it reportedly surfaced more than ten thousand high- and critical-severity bugs in its first month. It’s now days from a reported public release. The bar for what an attacker, human or AI, can find only rises from here. As Anthropic framed it, the advantage goes to whoever uses these tools first: attackers in the short term, defenders who fix bugs before code ships in the long term. The Resilience Gate is how we make sure we’re on the defenders’ side, testing DKG V10 not just against today’s models but against what arrives next. For anyone shipping on-chain systems, the implication is simple: this code launches once, mistakes can’t be undone, and the responsible move is to invite that scrutiny before any user value is at stake. The path to mainnet, in four phases: Phase 0: Freeze. Final contracts locked and deployed (complete) Phase 1: Frontier-AI Resilience Gate. Open review program, through June 17 Phase 2: Mainnet launch. Hardened, feature-complete V10 (week of June 15) Phase 3: Continuous audit. Every contract, ongoing after launch If you work in smart-contract security, or build with AI that does, we’d welcome your review. No allowlist, real rewards, coordinated disclosure. *Dates are indicative: the exact mainnet date depends on the pace of network bootstrapping and the time needed to patch and re-verify any more severe findings from the Gate. Release candidate 17 (rc17): Bug bounty program and honeypot details:

OriginTrail Developers

466,082 görüntüleme • 1 ay önce

The largest theft in history has already happened. The people behind it just cannot open what they stole yet. Right now, intelligence agencies and criminal groups are quietly copying the world's encrypted data, bank records, medical files, state secrets, private messages, and storing every byte untouched. They cannot read any of it. They are collecting it anyway, because they know the key is about to be invented. The strategy has a name, harvest now, decrypt later, and in 2026 it stopped being theory. Washington declared this the Year of Quantum Security in January, backed by the FBI, the NSA, and NIST. Canada ordered every federal agency to file a migration plan by April. Europe set its deadline for December. Governments do not impose operational deadlines on a someday problem. They do it when the clock is already running. Here is what moved the clock. Every password, every transfer, every secret on Earth is protected by one assumption, that a certain math problem is too hard to solve. Quantum computers solve exactly that problem. For years the machine that could do it looked decades away. Then in late 2025 Google's Willow chip cracked the hardest part of building one, and in March 2026 Google's own researchers estimated that breaking the encryption behind Bitcoin might take fewer than 500,000 qubits, down from 20 million, and could run in minutes. The day this becomes real has a name, Q-Day, and the latest estimates place it between 2030 and 2033. Now make it concrete. Roughly 6.5 million Bitcoin, about a third of every coin that will ever exist, worth close to 500 billion dollars, sit in addresses that have already exposed the very key a quantum computer needs. That includes the coins of Satoshi, the anonymous creator. On Q-Day they become, in the researchers' own word, trivially stealable. It would not look like a crash or a whale selling. It would look like half a trillion dollars of the most secure money ever built simply walking out the door. The asset designed to trust no one and no institution turns out to rest on a single unverified bet, that one math problem stays hard forever. This is what sits beneath the entire digital world. A bank balance, a Bitcoin, a classified cable, all of it is real only because of a proof you supposedly cannot forge. Quantum breaks the proof. Everything we call secure is true only until someone finally checks, and for the first time the check is visible on the horizon. You cannot know whether your data has already been copied. You cannot know the exact day the key arrives. The trust holding up the digital age is a clock counting down to a zero no one can see. The honest counter matters. No machine on Earth can break this encryption today, and serious cryptographers still argue the real threat is a decade or more away. The timeline is far from certain. Quantum-safe codes already exist, the migration has started, and Bitcoin can move its coins to safety before Q-Day if it acts in time. The danger is not that everything breaks tomorrow. It is that anything which must stay secret into the 2030s, a state secret, an identity, a private key, is being stolen today and is already on the clock. The breach is not coming. It is already here, sitting in storage, perfectly encrypted, waiting for a machine that does not exist yet to read it out loud. Research and opinion, not investment advice.

The largest theft in history has already happened. The people behind it just cannot open what they stole yet. Right now, intelligence agencies and criminal groups are quietly copying the world's encrypted data, bank records, medical files, state secrets, private messages, and storing every byte untouched. They cannot read any of it. They are collecting it anyway, because they know the key is about to be invented. The strategy has a name, harvest now, decrypt later, and in 2026 it stopped being theory. Washington declared this the Year of Quantum Security in January, backed by the FBI, the NSA, and NIST. Canada ordered every federal agency to file a migration plan by April. Europe set its deadline for December. Governments do not impose operational deadlines on a someday problem. They do it when the clock is already running. Here is what moved the clock. Every password, every transfer, every secret on Earth is protected by one assumption, that a certain math problem is too hard to solve. Quantum computers solve exactly that problem. For years the machine that could do it looked decades away. Then in late 2025 Google's Willow chip cracked the hardest part of building one, and in March 2026 Google's own researchers estimated that breaking the encryption behind Bitcoin might take fewer than 500,000 qubits, down from 20 million, and could run in minutes. The day this becomes real has a name, Q-Day, and the latest estimates place it between 2030 and 2033. Now make it concrete. Roughly 6.5 million Bitcoin, about a third of every coin that will ever exist, worth close to 500 billion dollars, sit in addresses that have already exposed the very key a quantum computer needs. That includes the coins of Satoshi, the anonymous creator. On Q-Day they become, in the researchers' own word, trivially stealable. It would not look like a crash or a whale selling. It would look like half a trillion dollars of the most secure money ever built simply walking out the door. The asset designed to trust no one and no institution turns out to rest on a single unverified bet, that one math problem stays hard forever. This is what sits beneath the entire digital world. A bank balance, a Bitcoin, a classified cable, all of it is real only because of a proof you supposedly cannot forge. Quantum breaks the proof. Everything we call secure is true only until someone finally checks, and for the first time the check is visible on the horizon. You cannot know whether your data has already been copied. You cannot know the exact day the key arrives. The trust holding up the digital age is a clock counting down to a zero no one can see. The honest counter matters. No machine on Earth can break this encryption today, and serious cryptographers still argue the real threat is a decade or more away. The timeline is far from certain. Quantum-safe codes already exist, the migration has started, and Bitcoin can move its coins to safety before Q-Day if it acts in time. The danger is not that everything breaks tomorrow. It is that anything which must stay secret into the 2030s, a state secret, an identity, a private key, is being stolen today and is already on the clock. The breach is not coming. It is already here, sitting in storage, perfectly encrypted, waiting for a machine that does not exist yet to read it out loud. Research and opinion, not investment advice.

Shanaka Anslem Perera ⚡

185,453 görüntüleme • 1 ay önce

A very good morning. Welcome to The Council Benji This marks the third Skull in a little run. The first went to a fund I've never met. The second: through Eli Scheinman to a new collector/foundation who has been quietly entering the space in a very significant way across a number of collections whom I’ve never spoken to. Their new entrance enabled a wedding and start of a new married life for Conviction. In my very first conversation with him, we spoke about curses and commitments to the people we love. Since meeting got to talk through each step on that path, from letting go, what is imbued in the ring and ceremony of it all, a proposal, and on the way to the most important of the steps in pursuit of a blessed life. It is easy to get a little cynical on the over-leveraged exit stories that spring up from time to time, so it is a treat to watch one go towards a celebration that’s been building up in his life since the Skull was first acquired. And now: this. The third Skull and the first I can really write about as a shared story across both source and destination. An exit and an entrance. The exit: The Skulls of Luci were awarded as gifts 4 years ago. But before I'd minted Birth of Luci or painted the other 49, the first person in this space I showed the sketch of The Blueprint Skull to was actually Casey💎, when he was working at SuperRare . Casey was the very first person who onboarded me to NFTs, helping me navigate the early days of whatever it meant to even mint something. I explained the idea of gifting one to each person who bid in my first auctions. Though most of the Skulls went to the bidders, Casey's didn't. He didn't ask for one. I didn't tell him I'd give him one. But he helped me take my first steps here, and it's hard to imagine any of this making sense, or unfolding the way it has, without him. Since then, we've broken bread across continents, seen quite a lot of chortling margarita consumption, watched the rise and fall of a lot around us, weathered inter-Council dramas. He brought Laura El into The Monument Game, played as a Player, wore a Mask. Most of the vibe that started all of this, the wild west of it, feels faded in the broader space at times. But every Skull has a story and a person who helped us get here. Casey will always be the one who was there before any metric muddled the reason to care. The entrance: Last fall, Benji came over for a studio visit. We walked through Luci, the works, structure, and dream, as anyone who visits does. But we mostly talked about being a father and having a father. We discussed the very idea of "collection" stripped of accumulation, value, or signal, located more in the act or ceremony of it. What it was to grow up with a curious father who studied the edges of each thing he saw to know the next layer beneath why anyone might look or ignore it. That to pass this on is to pass on questioning, more than it is to pass on any kind of answer. The process of collecting can be perceived as an individual act of hoarding. For some it is maybe. But at its best, it's a way to bind through shared questioning, to bond in cooperation and competition with friends and family, it is the swapped story and meme of it all, and each object gathered along the way carries some shared memory that can, often does, and with intent: should; drift out of the object entirely. All in the psalm, always has been. The studio visit came and went. Soon after, a package arrived in the mail with two of the softest stuffed animals added to my daughter's own collection, now among her favorites. The Skull is a bonus to that, in the scheme of shared memory. For Rachel and I, while we are heads down making a body of work that unsettles us and excites us but demands unknown time to accomplish, it means a great deal to have this kind of support from long term people in the quiet process of making work we want to leave behind ourselves. Enormously grateful to Casey for the many years of support and friendship, to Benny for being a true patron, and to Benji for entering the arena for what I'm working on next. Welcome.

A very good morning. Welcome to The Council Benji This marks the third Skull in a little run. The first went to a fund I've never met. The second: through Eli Scheinman to a new collector/foundation who has been quietly entering the space in a very significant way across a number of collections whom I’ve never spoken to. Their new entrance enabled a wedding and start of a new married life for Conviction. In my very first conversation with him, we spoke about curses and commitments to the people we love. Since meeting got to talk through each step on that path, from letting go, what is imbued in the ring and ceremony of it all, a proposal, and on the way to the most important of the steps in pursuit of a blessed life. It is easy to get a little cynical on the over-leveraged exit stories that spring up from time to time, so it is a treat to watch one go towards a celebration that’s been building up in his life since the Skull was first acquired. And now: this. The third Skull and the first I can really write about as a shared story across both source and destination. An exit and an entrance. The exit: The Skulls of Luci were awarded as gifts 4 years ago. But before I'd minted Birth of Luci or painted the other 49, the first person in this space I showed the sketch of The Blueprint Skull to was actually Casey💎, when he was working at SuperRare . Casey was the very first person who onboarded me to NFTs, helping me navigate the early days of whatever it meant to even mint something. I explained the idea of gifting one to each person who bid in my first auctions. Though most of the Skulls went to the bidders, Casey's didn't. He didn't ask for one. I didn't tell him I'd give him one. But he helped me take my first steps here, and it's hard to imagine any of this making sense, or unfolding the way it has, without him. Since then, we've broken bread across continents, seen quite a lot of chortling margarita consumption, watched the rise and fall of a lot around us, weathered inter-Council dramas. He brought Laura El into The Monument Game, played as a Player, wore a Mask. Most of the vibe that started all of this, the wild west of it, feels faded in the broader space at times. But every Skull has a story and a person who helped us get here. Casey will always be the one who was there before any metric muddled the reason to care. The entrance: Last fall, Benji came over for a studio visit. We walked through Luci, the works, structure, and dream, as anyone who visits does. But we mostly talked about being a father and having a father. We discussed the very idea of "collection" stripped of accumulation, value, or signal, located more in the act or ceremony of it. What it was to grow up with a curious father who studied the edges of each thing he saw to know the next layer beneath why anyone might look or ignore it. That to pass this on is to pass on questioning, more than it is to pass on any kind of answer. The process of collecting can be perceived as an individual act of hoarding. For some it is maybe. But at its best, it's a way to bind through shared questioning, to bond in cooperation and competition with friends and family, it is the swapped story and meme of it all, and each object gathered along the way carries some shared memory that can, often does, and with intent: should; drift out of the object entirely. All in the psalm, always has been. The studio visit came and went. Soon after, a package arrived in the mail with two of the softest stuffed animals added to my daughter's own collection, now among her favorites. The Skull is a bonus to that, in the scheme of shared memory. For Rachel and I, while we are heads down making a body of work that unsettles us and excites us but demands unknown time to accomplish, it means a great deal to have this kind of support from long term people in the quiet process of making work we want to leave behind ourselves. Enormously grateful to Casey for the many years of support and friendship, to Benny for being a true patron, and to Benji for entering the arena for what I'm working on next. Welcome.

Sam Spratt

20,786 görüntüleme • 3 ay önce

$JUST IN: Iran gave Russia its Shahed drones. Russia improved them in Ukraine. Now Western intelligence says Russia is shipping the upgraded versions back to Iran. And the country that learned how to kill those drones on the battlefield just sent 228 experts to the Gulf to teach five countries how to do the same thing. The full circle is extraordinary. Iran supplied thousands of Shahed-136 kamikaze drones to Russia starting in 2022 for use against Ukraine. Russia rebranded them Geran-2 and, over three years of combat, upgraded the navigation systems, added anti-jamming capabilities, improved the engines, and refined the payload delivery. The Financial Times and AP reported on March 26 citing Western intelligence that Russia is now in the final stages of shipping those upgraded Geran-2 drones back to Iran’s IRGC, along with medicine and food supplies. Kremlin spokesman Peskov called the reports “lies” and “fake news dumps.” Meanwhile, Zelensky arrived in Saudi Arabia on March 26 for an unannounced visit, met Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, signed a defense cooperation deal focused on air defense and drone expertise, and departed Jeddah on March 28. Ukraine has deployed 201 to 228 military drone specialists to five Gulf and Middle Eastern countries: the UAE, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Jordan. Another 34 are ready per Zelensky’s statement on March 17. These specialists are not there as a symbolic gesture. They bring the single most effective counter to Shahed drones that exists anywhere on earth. Ukraine developed FPV interceptor drones that account for roughly 70 percent of all Shahed and Geran-2 shootdowns in Ukraine per Forces News and Atlantic Council reporting. The method: radar and acoustic sensors detect the incoming drone at 20 to 50 kilometres. A cheap, fast quadcopter or fixed-wing interceptor launches from a mobile platform. An operator pilots it at high speed toward the target. It destroys the Shahed through kamikaze collision or a small explosive payload on impact. Cost per intercept: a fraction of what a surface-to-air missile costs. Militarnyi reported on March 22 that Ukrainian teams have already confirmed multiple Shahed shootdowns in the Middle East. The arms race running through this war is now a closed loop. Iran builds the drone. Russia tests it, improves it, and allegedly sends the improved version back. Ukraine learns to kill it through three years of battlefield iteration. Ukraine exports that knowledge to the Gulf states Iran is attacking. The Gulf states pay Ukraine in money, technology, and diplomatic support. Russia denies everything while the drones fly in both directions. This is not a bilateral conflict. It is a global drone ecosystem where every improvement by one side is studied, countered, and re-exported by the other. The Shahed that hits a refinery in Bahrain tonight may carry Russian-upgraded navigation. The interceptor that destroys it may be piloted by a Ukrainian operator trained in Zaporizhzhia. The defense deal that funded the deployment was signed in Jeddah while the war it was designed to address raged 1,500 kilometres to the northeast. SpaceX’s Starlink provides the communications backbone for these teams in contested environments where terrestrial networks are degraded by the same war. The same helium shortage threatening semiconductor fabs and quantum computers is threatening the rocket launches that put Starlink satellites in orbit. The same strait carrying the oil carries the data cables that the drones are trying to protect. Every domain connects through the same 39 kilometres of water. Full analysis -$

JUST IN: Iran gave Russia its Shahed drones. Russia improved them in Ukraine. Now Western intelligence says Russia is shipping the upgraded versions back to Iran. And the country that learned how to kill those drones on the battlefield just sent 228 experts to the Gulf to teach five countries how to do the same thing. The full circle is extraordinary. Iran supplied thousands of Shahed-136 kamikaze drones to Russia starting in 2022 for use against Ukraine. Russia rebranded them Geran-2 and, over three years of combat, upgraded the navigation systems, added anti-jamming capabilities, improved the engines, and refined the payload delivery. The Financial Times and AP reported on March 26 citing Western intelligence that Russia is now in the final stages of shipping those upgraded Geran-2 drones back to Iran’s IRGC, along with medicine and food supplies. Kremlin spokesman Peskov called the reports “lies” and “fake news dumps.” Meanwhile, Zelensky arrived in Saudi Arabia on March 26 for an unannounced visit, met Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, signed a defense cooperation deal focused on air defense and drone expertise, and departed Jeddah on March 28. Ukraine has deployed 201 to 228 military drone specialists to five Gulf and Middle Eastern countries: the UAE, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Jordan. Another 34 are ready per Zelensky’s statement on March 17. These specialists are not there as a symbolic gesture. They bring the single most effective counter to Shahed drones that exists anywhere on earth. Ukraine developed FPV interceptor drones that account for roughly 70 percent of all Shahed and Geran-2 shootdowns in Ukraine per Forces News and Atlantic Council reporting. The method: radar and acoustic sensors detect the incoming drone at 20 to 50 kilometres. A cheap, fast quadcopter or fixed-wing interceptor launches from a mobile platform. An operator pilots it at high speed toward the target. It destroys the Shahed through kamikaze collision or a small explosive payload on impact. Cost per intercept: a fraction of what a surface-to-air missile costs. Militarnyi reported on March 22 that Ukrainian teams have already confirmed multiple Shahed shootdowns in the Middle East. The arms race running through this war is now a closed loop. Iran builds the drone. Russia tests it, improves it, and allegedly sends the improved version back. Ukraine learns to kill it through three years of battlefield iteration. Ukraine exports that knowledge to the Gulf states Iran is attacking. The Gulf states pay Ukraine in money, technology, and diplomatic support. Russia denies everything while the drones fly in both directions. This is not a bilateral conflict. It is a global drone ecosystem where every improvement by one side is studied, countered, and re-exported by the other. The Shahed that hits a refinery in Bahrain tonight may carry Russian-upgraded navigation. The interceptor that destroys it may be piloted by a Ukrainian operator trained in Zaporizhzhia. The defense deal that funded the deployment was signed in Jeddah while the war it was designed to address raged 1,500 kilometres to the northeast. SpaceX’s Starlink provides the communications backbone for these teams in contested environments where terrestrial networks are degraded by the same war. The same helium shortage threatening semiconductor fabs and quantum computers is threatening the rocket launches that put Starlink satellites in orbit. The same strait carrying the oil carries the data cables that the drones are trying to protect. Every domain connects through the same 39 kilometres of water. Full analysis -

Shanaka Anslem Perera ⚡

1,296,496 görüntüleme • 4 ay önce

Dagknight technical progress As would be mentioned in a still unshared post by Michael Sutton, the dagknight effort is split into v0 devnet, v1 testnet and v2 mainnet candidate. I’ve been testing the current v0-based implementation in a small devnet with the help of some testers who run nodes and miners with me. The DK work can be thought of as split into two parts: (1) implementing the actual protocol and (2) wiring it up and using it. The testing and development over the last month has been focused on (2). Obviously, DK is a consensus change for selecting parents. What’s not so obvious is that such a change affects DAA, coinbase, IBD, pruning and a lot more. Each of these areas is very sensitive and requires proper understanding to wire correctly. An important consideration and difference from GD is that DK does not focus on maximizing a property like blue work. So to maintain topological properties of blue work, an independent (free) GD implementation is kept running specifically for maintaining blue work. This allows us to keep using the property for topology. Coloring and blue score use the megachain induced by DK. The wiring around DK as of this posting is in a working state, but still needs to be reviewed. Next efforts will be focused on protocol specific components, particularly Tie-Breaking and incremental UMC. Attached are some captures from the internal devnet. The dense DAG image is what happens when things related to DAA or other similar consensus parameter causes a node to insist on their POV. The video is a recent snippet of the KGI running on the devnet showing (perhaps not obviously) DK at work. The current “dagknight” branch is now posted on the main repo. A topic in the Public R&D has been opened for Dagknight development.

Dagknight technical progress As would be mentioned in a still unshared post by Michael Sutton, the dagknight effort is split into v0 devnet, v1 testnet and v2 mainnet candidate. I’ve been testing the current v0-based implementation in a small devnet with the help of some testers who run nodes and miners with me. The DK work can be thought of as split into two parts: (1) implementing the actual protocol and (2) wiring it up and using it. The testing and development over the last month has been focused on (2). Obviously, DK is a consensus change for selecting parents. What’s not so obvious is that such a change affects DAA, coinbase, IBD, pruning and a lot more. Each of these areas is very sensitive and requires proper understanding to wire correctly. An important consideration and difference from GD is that DK does not focus on maximizing a property like blue work. So to maintain topological properties of blue work, an independent (free) GD implementation is kept running specifically for maintaining blue work. This allows us to keep using the property for topology. Coloring and blue score use the megachain induced by DK. The wiring around DK as of this posting is in a working state, but still needs to be reviewed. Next efforts will be focused on protocol specific components, particularly Tie-Breaking and incremental UMC. Attached are some captures from the internal devnet. The dense DAG image is what happens when things related to DAA or other similar consensus parameter causes a node to insist on their POV. The video is a recent snippet of the KGI running on the devnet showing (perhaps not obviously) DK at work. The current “dagknight” branch is now posted on the main repo. A topic in the Public R&D has been opened for Dagknight development.

coderofstuff

52,857 görüntüleme • 5 ay önce

JUST IN: Bank of America just told its clients to take profits. About 70% of its bear-market signals are flashing, a level it typically reaches only near market tops. Weeks earlier, BofA's own fund manager survey showed the largest one-month jump into stocks ever recorded, with cash down to 3.9%, under the 4% line the bank treats as a sell signal. Read those together. Investors made their biggest dash into equities in the survey's history at almost the exact moment BofA's own indicators say the top is near. But the number that should actually stop you is buried in the note, and almost nobody is quoting it. The companies driving this entire rally, the AI hyperscalers, are on track to spend nearly 100% of their operating cash flow on capex by year-end. In 2023 that figure was 40%. Sit with that. Big tech used to throw off cash and hand it back through buybacks, which lifted the stocks. Now it is pouring almost every dollar it generates into chips and data centers. BofA notes buybacks have slowed and cash conversion has flat-lined. The engine of the rally is consuming the fuel that powered the stocks. It is the same $725 billion build that companies are now blaming for layoffs. The whole market is priced on one bet, and that bet has grown large enough to eat the cash that used to support the share prices. This is not a crash call. BofA's year-end target is 7,100, about 4% below today, and the median outcome after this cash signal since 2011 has been a 1% dip, not a collapse. The posts screaming sell everything are wrong. The real message is quieter. You are being paid less and less to stay, while the engine runs hotter and hotter.

JUST IN: Bank of America just told its clients to take profits. About 70% of its bear-market signals are flashing, a level it typically reaches only near market tops. Weeks earlier, BofA's own fund manager survey showed the largest one-month jump into stocks ever recorded, with cash down to 3.9%, under the 4% line the bank treats as a sell signal. Read those together. Investors made their biggest dash into equities in the survey's history at almost the exact moment BofA's own indicators say the top is near. But the number that should actually stop you is buried in the note, and almost nobody is quoting it. The companies driving this entire rally, the AI hyperscalers, are on track to spend nearly 100% of their operating cash flow on capex by year-end. In 2023 that figure was 40%. Sit with that. Big tech used to throw off cash and hand it back through buybacks, which lifted the stocks. Now it is pouring almost every dollar it generates into chips and data centers. BofA notes buybacks have slowed and cash conversion has flat-lined. The engine of the rally is consuming the fuel that powered the stocks. It is the same $725 billion build that companies are now blaming for layoffs. The whole market is priced on one bet, and that bet has grown large enough to eat the cash that used to support the share prices. This is not a crash call. BofA's year-end target is 7,100, about 4% below today, and the median outcome after this cash signal since 2011 has been a 1% dip, not a collapse. The posts screaming sell everything are wrong. The real message is quieter. You are being paid less and less to stay, while the engine runs hotter and hotter.

Shanaka Anslem Perera ⚡

17,235 görüntüleme • 1 ay önce

China's central bank has now bought gold for 19 months straight, the largest official buyer on earth. And this week, as gold broke 4,000 dollars, China's biggest banks moved to push ordinary Chinese out of leveraged gold trading, with at least one warning it will liquidate any position not closed by month-end. Both are true at once, and together they explain what this crash really is. Start with what is being banned, because the words matter. ICBC and a string of other banks are shutting down retail trading in what the Chinese themselves call paper gold, the margined, leveraged contracts where you bet on the price without ever owning a bar. Some banks lifted the margin requirement to 140 percent to choke the leverage off before closing the products outright. Physical gold, meanwhile, stays wide open. Coins, bars, savings plans, ETFs, all fine. It is only the paper, the leverage, the casino, that is being shut, the last step in a five-year retreat that the crash just finished. Officially this is about protecting small investors, and that part is real. The same kind of leverage wiped out a wave of Chinese retail in a 2020 commodity blowup. But set the ban beside what the state is doing and something larger comes into view. While its citizens are pushed out of the paper, the People's Bank of China has spent those same 19 months buying the physical metal, more than two thousand three hundred tonnes of it now, accumulating straight through a 28 percent crash that scared everyone else out. Beijing is not trading gold. It is hoarding it. That is the strategy in one frame. China looked at the two things both called gold, the paper bet and the physical bar, and made a choice no Western government would make. It is taking the metal for the state and closing the casino for everyone else. The reason sits in a single date. 2022, when Russia's reserves were frozen with a keystroke. That taught every country outside the Western system one lesson: dollars in an account can be switched off, gold in your own vault cannot. So China is building its monetary independence out of the one asset nobody can freeze, and it does not want that foundation in the hands of leveraged traders who panic-sell in a crash, or priced by a paper market it does not control. Watch this month and the two worlds split in real time. Western investors were forced out of their gold by margin calls and a rate scare. China's central bank bought that exact dip with both hands. One side treats gold as a trade. The other treats it as the floor under a currency. The West is selling paper gold and calling it a crash. China is buying physical gold and calling it a foundation. In ten years, only one of them will look like it understood what gold was for. The metal is already moving to that side.

China's central bank has now bought gold for 19 months straight, the largest official buyer on earth. And this week, as gold broke 4,000 dollars, China's biggest banks moved to push ordinary Chinese out of leveraged gold trading, with at least one warning it will liquidate any position not closed by month-end. Both are true at once, and together they explain what this crash really is. Start with what is being banned, because the words matter. ICBC and a string of other banks are shutting down retail trading in what the Chinese themselves call paper gold, the margined, leveraged contracts where you bet on the price without ever owning a bar. Some banks lifted the margin requirement to 140 percent to choke the leverage off before closing the products outright. Physical gold, meanwhile, stays wide open. Coins, bars, savings plans, ETFs, all fine. It is only the paper, the leverage, the casino, that is being shut, the last step in a five-year retreat that the crash just finished. Officially this is about protecting small investors, and that part is real. The same kind of leverage wiped out a wave of Chinese retail in a 2020 commodity blowup. But set the ban beside what the state is doing and something larger comes into view. While its citizens are pushed out of the paper, the People's Bank of China has spent those same 19 months buying the physical metal, more than two thousand three hundred tonnes of it now, accumulating straight through a 28 percent crash that scared everyone else out. Beijing is not trading gold. It is hoarding it. That is the strategy in one frame. China looked at the two things both called gold, the paper bet and the physical bar, and made a choice no Western government would make. It is taking the metal for the state and closing the casino for everyone else. The reason sits in a single date. 2022, when Russia's reserves were frozen with a keystroke. That taught every country outside the Western system one lesson: dollars in an account can be switched off, gold in your own vault cannot. So China is building its monetary independence out of the one asset nobody can freeze, and it does not want that foundation in the hands of leveraged traders who panic-sell in a crash, or priced by a paper market it does not control. Watch this month and the two worlds split in real time. Western investors were forced out of their gold by margin calls and a rate scare. China's central bank bought that exact dip with both hands. One side treats gold as a trade. The other treats it as the floor under a currency. The West is selling paper gold and calling it a crash. China is buying physical gold and calling it a foundation. In ten years, only one of them will look like it understood what gold was for. The metal is already moving to that side.

Shanaka Anslem Perera ⚡

326,788 görüntüleme • 1 ay önce

THIS IS THE CRAZIEST STORY IN CRYPTO HISTORY!!!🤯 A man drained $110 MILLION from a crypto exchange in 20 minutes. Then used the stolen tokens to vote himself amnesty. He beat every federal charge in court. But still went to prison because of what the FBI found on his laptop. In October 2022, Avraham Eisenberg identified a flaw in Mango Markets, a decentralized exchange on Solana. Not a code bug, an economic design flaw. Here's what he did. He deposited $5 million, split it across two wallets, used one wallet to sell 483 million futures contracts, used the other to buy them all. Both sides of the same trade. Zero market risk. Maximum leverage. Then he went to the spot market. He aggressively bought the MNGO token on three exchanges with such thin liquidity that his buying pressure pumped the price 1,300% in 20 minutes. The price oracle fed that inflated price back to Mango Markets. The smart contract recalculated his portfolio value. Suddenly his position was worth hundreds of millions. He borrowed $110 million in Bitcoin, Ethereum, and stablecoins against the fake collateral, withdrew everything, then dumped his tokens and crashed the price back down. The platform was instantly insolvent. Every user's funds were gone. Then he went on Twitter, under his real name, and called it a "highly profitable trading strategy." He said, "all of our actions were legal open market actions, using the protocol as designed." The Mango DAO held a governance vote on whether to let him keep $47 million as a "bug bounty." It passed. 9.46% voted yes. 0.33% voted no. Over half the yes votes came from just two developer wallets. And Eisenberg himself voted for his own amnesty using the tokens he had just stolen. Then he fled to Israel. The FBI found his search history: "Elements of fraud," "When market manipulation becomes a crime," "Statute of limitations market manipulation," "Extradition rules from Israel," "FBI surveillance." He also used a fake Ukrainian identity to set up some of his trading accounts. So much for "transparent open market actions." In December 2022, he flew to Puerto Rico. The FBI was waiting. Arrested at the airport. Laptop and phones seized. In April 2024, a federal jury convicted him on every count. Commodities fraud. Market manipulation. Wire fraud. The first ever criminal conviction for open-market manipulation in crypto. Then his lawyers filed a Rule 29 motion. And the judge threw out everything. The commodities charges, vacated. Wrong jurisdiction. Eisenberg was in Puerto Rico. The trades happened on Solana. The government's entire case for being in New York was that a third-party vendor had employees in Manhattan who monitored accounts. The judge said that's not enough. The wire fraud charge, full acquittal. The judge ruled that Mango Markets had no terms of service, no rules, no prohibition against what he did. The smart contract executed exactly as coded. The oracle reported the real market price. And you can't commit fraud against a protocol that never told you what the rules were. He beat the biggest crypto fraud case in history. But here's the twist nobody saw coming. When the FBI seized his devices at the airport, they were looking for evidence of market manipulation. Instead, they found child abuse material on his laptop. The "plain view" doctrine. If agents executing a valid search warrant for one crime find evidence of another crime, it's fully admissible. He pleaded guilty. 52 months in federal prison. He outsmarted a $110 million exchange. Outsmarted the DOJ. Outsmarted the SEC. Outsmarted the CFTC. But he couldn't outsmart the contents of his own hard drive. The feds came for the $110 million. They stayed for what they found on the laptop.

THIS IS THE CRAZIEST STORY IN CRYPTO HISTORY!!!🤯 A man drained $110 MILLION from a crypto exchange in 20 minutes. Then used the stolen tokens to vote himself amnesty. He beat every federal charge in court. But still went to prison because of what the FBI found on his laptop. In October 2022, Avraham Eisenberg identified a flaw in Mango Markets, a decentralized exchange on Solana. Not a code bug, an economic design flaw. Here's what he did. He deposited $5 million, split it across two wallets, used one wallet to sell 483 million futures contracts, used the other to buy them all. Both sides of the same trade. Zero market risk. Maximum leverage. Then he went to the spot market. He aggressively bought the MNGO token on three exchanges with such thin liquidity that his buying pressure pumped the price 1,300% in 20 minutes. The price oracle fed that inflated price back to Mango Markets. The smart contract recalculated his portfolio value. Suddenly his position was worth hundreds of millions. He borrowed $110 million in Bitcoin, Ethereum, and stablecoins against the fake collateral, withdrew everything, then dumped his tokens and crashed the price back down. The platform was instantly insolvent. Every user's funds were gone. Then he went on Twitter, under his real name, and called it a "highly profitable trading strategy." He said, "all of our actions were legal open market actions, using the protocol as designed." The Mango DAO held a governance vote on whether to let him keep $47 million as a "bug bounty." It passed. 9.46% voted yes. 0.33% voted no. Over half the yes votes came from just two developer wallets. And Eisenberg himself voted for his own amnesty using the tokens he had just stolen. Then he fled to Israel. The FBI found his search history: "Elements of fraud," "When market manipulation becomes a crime," "Statute of limitations market manipulation," "Extradition rules from Israel," "FBI surveillance." He also used a fake Ukrainian identity to set up some of his trading accounts. So much for "transparent open market actions." In December 2022, he flew to Puerto Rico. The FBI was waiting. Arrested at the airport. Laptop and phones seized. In April 2024, a federal jury convicted him on every count. Commodities fraud. Market manipulation. Wire fraud. The first ever criminal conviction for open-market manipulation in crypto. Then his lawyers filed a Rule 29 motion. And the judge threw out everything. The commodities charges, vacated. Wrong jurisdiction. Eisenberg was in Puerto Rico. The trades happened on Solana. The government's entire case for being in New York was that a third-party vendor had employees in Manhattan who monitored accounts. The judge said that's not enough. The wire fraud charge, full acquittal. The judge ruled that Mango Markets had no terms of service, no rules, no prohibition against what he did. The smart contract executed exactly as coded. The oracle reported the real market price. And you can't commit fraud against a protocol that never told you what the rules were. He beat the biggest crypto fraud case in history. But here's the twist nobody saw coming. When the FBI seized his devices at the airport, they were looking for evidence of market manipulation. Instead, they found child abuse material on his laptop. The "plain view" doctrine. If agents executing a valid search warrant for one crime find evidence of another crime, it's fully admissible. He pleaded guilty. 52 months in federal prison. He outsmarted a $110 million exchange. Outsmarted the DOJ. Outsmarted the SEC. Outsmarted the CFTC. But he couldn't outsmart the contents of his own hard drive. The feds came for the $110 million. They stayed for what they found on the laptop.

Crypto Rover

198,116 görüntüleme • 2 ay önce

Monastery of Mor Augin (St. Augin), an ancient Syriac Orthodox Monastery, on the southern slope of Mount Izlo, located in area of Nsibin, southeastern, Türkiye. This historic site introduced monastic living to Mesopotamia and is still a significant pilgrimage destination for Syriac Orthodox Christians. It symbolizes the lasting impact of early Christian monastic practices. The monastery was founded in the first half of 4th Century AD, by Saint Awgin, a monk from El Kulzom, Egypt. Mor Augin came with 70 of his disciples to preach Christianity in Mardin Province which was controlled by Sasanian Empire. It had more than 350 monks in those periods and was one of the main spiritual centres in Mount Izlo and Turabdin. In 20th Century, there were more than 20 monks in the monastery. In 1915, Sayfo the monks witnessed the destruction of Syriac villages in the plains below. The monastery was also affected by violence. The last monk passed away in 1968. Due to persecution of Christians in Turkey, SURYOYE had to flee to Europe and other countries and few others moved to nearby villages in area of Turabdin. Saint Mor Augin is the traditional founder of Syriac monasticism. He originated from Qluzma in Egypt, and started off as a pearl diver who gave pearls to the poor and needy. In mid-life he decided to become a monk at the monastery of St. Pachomius, and from there he and his brotherhood, the holy 70 ancestors, set off to Bethnahrin (Mesopotamia), settling in the region of Mount Izlo. The remains of the monastery dedicated to his name still stands on the slopes of Mount Izlo, overlooking the Mesopotamian plain. His name testifies his success and his glory because it is translated as “the good man” (Bar Hebreus, vol. 1, 1872-1877, p. 85ff). As Mor Augin was a great and respectable monk, his word and achievement was known even in Byzantium (Constantinople) and by the Emperor Constantine. He said: “These three warriors are known in our kingdom: Antonius in Egypt, Illarion at the coast and Mor Augin who moved out of Egypt and come and settled down in your region and enlightened it. We plead and beg of him that he prays for us in front of Our Lord, so that we and our kingdom will be protected and safe.” (Tale of Saint Mor Augin). He’s called “Second Christ” in the Syriac tradition owning to the miraculous deeds he did. This certainly does not mean an equality between the both of them, rather it expresses the particularly tight succession of Mor Augin. Mor Augin and his companions filled and decorated the whole east with monasteries and churches, from Egypt to the border of Persia. In 363 AD, Saint Mor Augin passed away at a great age and advanced to the kingdom of heaven. “His body was buried in the cave underneath his monastery’s southern altar. His holy relics are kept till today in the monastery. May his prayers be with us” (P. Behnam, 1908, p- 18f). Patriarch of Antioch, H.H. Ignatius Zakka I, appointed Fr. Joachim Raban as the abbot of Mor Augin Monastery in April 2010. With the help of the Rabans and other employees of Mor Gabriel Monastery and SURYOYE in Europe, Fr. Joachim has restored some of the Monastery buildings. Restoration of buildings e.g. the main church and vital parts of the monastery are still ongoing till this day. 🎥© l.ianour (IG) #archaeohistories

Monastery of Mor Augin (St. Augin), an ancient Syriac Orthodox Monastery, on the southern slope of Mount Izlo, located in area of Nsibin, southeastern, Türkiye. This historic site introduced monastic living to Mesopotamia and is still a significant pilgrimage destination for Syriac Orthodox Christians. It symbolizes the lasting impact of early Christian monastic practices. The monastery was founded in the first half of 4th Century AD, by Saint Awgin, a monk from El Kulzom, Egypt. Mor Augin came with 70 of his disciples to preach Christianity in Mardin Province which was controlled by Sasanian Empire. It had more than 350 monks in those periods and was one of the main spiritual centres in Mount Izlo and Turabdin. In 20th Century, there were more than 20 monks in the monastery. In 1915, Sayfo the monks witnessed the destruction of Syriac villages in the plains below. The monastery was also affected by violence. The last monk passed away in 1968. Due to persecution of Christians in Turkey, SURYOYE had to flee to Europe and other countries and few others moved to nearby villages in area of Turabdin. Saint Mor Augin is the traditional founder of Syriac monasticism. He originated from Qluzma in Egypt, and started off as a pearl diver who gave pearls to the poor and needy. In mid-life he decided to become a monk at the monastery of St. Pachomius, and from there he and his brotherhood, the holy 70 ancestors, set off to Bethnahrin (Mesopotamia), settling in the region of Mount Izlo. The remains of the monastery dedicated to his name still stands on the slopes of Mount Izlo, overlooking the Mesopotamian plain. His name testifies his success and his glory because it is translated as “the good man” (Bar Hebreus, vol. 1, 1872-1877, p. 85ff). As Mor Augin was a great and respectable monk, his word and achievement was known even in Byzantium (Constantinople) and by the Emperor Constantine. He said: “These three warriors are known in our kingdom: Antonius in Egypt, Illarion at the coast and Mor Augin who moved out of Egypt and come and settled down in your region and enlightened it. We plead and beg of him that he prays for us in front of Our Lord, so that we and our kingdom will be protected and safe.” (Tale of Saint Mor Augin). He’s called “Second Christ” in the Syriac tradition owning to the miraculous deeds he did. This certainly does not mean an equality between the both of them, rather it expresses the particularly tight succession of Mor Augin. Mor Augin and his companions filled and decorated the whole east with monasteries and churches, from Egypt to the border of Persia. In 363 AD, Saint Mor Augin passed away at a great age and advanced to the kingdom of heaven. “His body was buried in the cave underneath his monastery’s southern altar. His holy relics are kept till today in the monastery. May his prayers be with us” (P. Behnam, 1908, p- 18f). Patriarch of Antioch, H.H. Ignatius Zakka I, appointed Fr. Joachim Raban as the abbot of Mor Augin Monastery in April 2010. With the help of the Rabans and other employees of Mor Gabriel Monastery and SURYOYE in Europe, Fr. Joachim has restored some of the Monastery buildings. Restoration of buildings e.g. the main church and vital parts of the monastery are still ongoing till this day. 🎥© l.ianour (IG) #archaeohistories

Archaeo - Histories

38,298 görüntüleme • 2 yıl önce

Lads. Sit down and give me your ear a while, for I have watched from the water long enough and the hour is upon us whether we have the stomach for it or not. You remember. Or your fathers told you, or their fathers did, and the knowledge of it is in the marrow of you whether you drew breath in those days or not. The moors in the grey hour before dawn. Wet heather soft under the boot. Peat smoke rising from a low stone chimney a mile out across the bog, thin as a prayer. A sky the colour of a gun barrel and the gulls lamenting above the headland. The smell of turf burning, and wet wool, and the ferrous tang of the sea when the wind swung around out of the Atlantic and put the taste of iron on your tongue. A man could walk that land and know every stone of it was his by inheritance, because his grandfather had broken his back upon it, and his grandfather before him, back through the generations until you reach men whose names are lost and whose bones are in the soil you are standing on. The potato fields. God be good to us, the potato fields. Lazy beds cut straight as a gunwale, the ridges black and shining after a night of rain, women bent double with creels lashed to their backs and the children at their skirts, drawing the crop up by the hand for there was never any other means devised nor wanted. Hands split open at the knuckles and never entirely healed in this life. Hunger within living memory. Grandmothers who had seen the blight with their own eyes and would not speak of it from the year of it until the day they were laid down, save that a crust was kept always on the dresser which no soul in that house was permitted to touch. Not ever. Not for any reason under heaven. And the chimney sweeps. Wee lads no heavier than a sack of meal, black to the bone with soot, their lungs ruined before they were old enough to marry and old men entirely by thirty. Up the flues at first light, the skin worn off them by the brick, eyes crimson at the rim, breathing the black in with every draw of air. And the coal miners a half mile beneath our feet, down in the wet dark, the roof of the world muttering over their heads, the canary gone silent, a man's whole existence measured out in the shilling a ton and the dust he carried home in his chest to cough up of a Sunday morning into a rag. Fathers who descended and were never hauled up again. Widows at the pit head with the shawl drawn over the head and no tears remaining in them for they had spent those long ago. That was the tariff paid to keep the hearth lit. That was the reckoning of being warm in winter in the Ireland that was. And after the labouring week, Friday evening, and a man had earned the peace of what followed. Home first. Peeled the day off him in the yard. A shower of ice cold moor river water out of a tin bucket punctured with holes, hung on a nail on the gable wall, the water running clean down the back of him and carrying the week's dust and sweat away into the drain. Scrubbed till the skin was pink beneath the grime. Clean shirt laid out by the wife. The hair combed down with a drop of water. Then, and only then, did a man set himself to the table. A meat pie from the baker, tenpence if he was known to you, a shilling and no change if he was not, put down upon a proper plate. Fish and chips for threepence, the salt and vinegar soaked through the newspaper, but carried home and ate slowly at your own table with your people around you, not walked with through the streets like some vagrant tinker off the road. A man ate as a man who had earned his portion, for he had. And later, with the dishes cleared and the kettle set, down the road to the tavern. Low beams black with a century of smoke. A turf fire muttering in the grate. The air thick with pipe smoke and the vapour of wet overcoats steaming themselves dry on the backs of chairs. A pint of stout, cold and black as a cove at midnight, elevenpence laid down on the counter, a head on it thick enough to strike a match upon. A second one because you had it coming to you and no man present would dispute it. A fiddle starting up in the corner of its own accord. The old men in the snug who remembered matters the history books had long since mislaid. A song before the bolt was thrown on the door. The walk home beneath a firmament crowded with stars, the stout warm in the gut of you, the week behind you, and your own door waiting with the latch unlocked for you had no enemies in that parish. That was the country. That was the covenant. Honest labour, plain food, a cold wash, a hot meal, a cold pint, your own tongue in your own mouth, your own soil beneath your boots, and no man standing above you save the Almighty Himself. Now regard her. Regard her close. The fields disposed of to men who have never set foot upon them and never shall. The harbours signed away by the stroke of a pen in a room you were not admitted to, and foreign keels dragging out of our waters the living that sustained this island for a thousand years, while our own boats rot at their moorings for want of a quota. The tradesmen undercut by imported labour and imported goods. The shops shuttered along every main street from Donegal to Cork. The young ones scattered to London and Sydney and Boston and the Gulf because there is nothing remaining for them beneath their own roof. And the entirety of this rotten arrangement dressed up in the soft mannerly language of progress by men in towers of glass who could not tell a lazy bed from a grave, nor a trawler from a tugboat, nor an honest day's work from a pension plan. And now they arrive with the next imposition. A digital identity. A number assigned to each soul. A card required to buy your bread. A code required to draw your own earnings out of your own account. A file kept on every man, woman and child from the cradle forward. Permission asked to move. Permission asked to speak. Permission asked to earn. A levy upon every breath drawn and a regulation upon every step taken. No. And no again. And no for a third time so there is no misunderstanding of it. We do not require your digital identity. We did not request it. We did not vote upon it. We do not consent to it. We do not need your permission to exist upon the soil our forefathers are buried in. We are a free people. We have carried ourselves this far upon our own two backs. Through famine and empire and civil war and black lung and blight and the emigrant ship out of Cobh, we have come this distance under our own steam, and the arrangement appears to be serving us well enough without your intervention. We buried our own. We fed our own. We raised our own roofs and took our own fish and reared our own children in our own tongue. We are in your debt for nothing. Not a signature. Not a biometric scan. Not a single solitary inch. And while we are upon the subject, let us speak plainly of the tax man, for he has gone too long without proper introduction. The tax collector and the tax man are the one article under two names, and the article is a parasite. There is no dressing it up finer than that. A man who produces nothing, who grows nothing, who catches nothing, who builds nothing, who mends nothing, who has never in his professional life lifted anything heavier than a pen, and who arrives at your door with the full apparatus of the state at his back to carry off the fruits of labour he did not perform. He is a middleman between your sweat and some scheme dreamt up in a committee room by his own kind, and the great majority of what he takes is consumed by the machinery of the taking itself before ever a penny of it reaches the road or the hospital or the schoolhouse he claims to be funding. And I will go further while I have the floor. Finance itself, the whole apparatus of it, money breeding money in the dark without a hand laid upon a tool or a spade turned in the earth, is slavery dressed in a good suit. It is the oldest swindle known to man and it has never been anything other. A man who produces nothing yet lives off the productive labour of others through the charging of interest upon money conjured out of nothing is a parasite of a rarer and more refined order than the tax man, but a parasite all the same, and between the pair of them they have the working people of this island bled white and lectured at for the pleasure. A man who will not work with his hands, nor with his back, nor with his mind at some honest problem of the real physical world, is no man that I recognise. He is a ledger entry in a suit. The country was not built by ledger entries. The country was built by farmers and fishermen and masons and smiths and sweeps and miners and shipwrights and midwives and mothers, and those are the people whose say should carry in her councils, and no other. Here is what I put to you. Let each man and woman of this island direct the first tenth of their earnings themselves, by their own judgement, to the purpose they see as worthy. The school down the road. The lifeboat station. The hospice. The widow on the corner. The roof of the chapel. The harbour wall. Whatever it may be. Let the people who earned the money decide where the money travels. You will find the roads mended and the ports dredged and the schools standing and the old ones cared for inside of five years, and done better and for less, because the hand that earned the coin knows the weight of it and will not squander it upon consultants and committees. And let us have done with the paper currency and the numbers in a screen that can be frozen at the whim of a clerk in a tower. Bring back the coin. Gold for the great transactions. Silver for the weekly commerce of a working life. Copper for the small change of the day. Metal you can bite. Metal you can weigh. Metal that cannot be conjured out of nothing by a keystroke, nor erased out of existence by another. Real money for real labour. A coin in the hand is a free man's wage. A number in a database is a collar around a free man's neck, and they are fitting that collar now while we stand arguing over the colour of it. Feel it in your gut. That is not nothing. That is your blood relating to you what your ears will not hear. That is every forebear who starved and fought and coughed the black dust into a rag and descended the shaft regardless, standing at your shoulder and saying no further. Not one more field. Not one more harbour. Not one more son upon a plane. Not one more free man converted into a number in a ledger for the convenience of the parasites. This is the hour. Make no error about it. Ireland is redeemed in this generation or she is lost beyond recovery, and every true son and daughter of her knows it in the marrow. There is no middle ground remaining. There is no waiting it out. There is standing now, upon your own two feet, or there is watching her go under the waves for the last and final time. So stand. Stand with your farmers. Stand with your fishermen. Stand with your tradesmen and your miners and your sweeps and your mothers and your old ones. Raise the tricolour. Speak the tongue. Walk the land. Hold the line in the streets of every town and city and do not break it, for they are relying upon you to break and to go home and to forget by Tuesday. She is calling her children home. Every stone of her, every breaker on her western shore, every acre of wet heather and every coal in every hearth the length and breadth of her is calling. Answer her. Take her back. Every field, every harbour, every last inch of her. Take her back, or lose her entirely. There is no third road open to us.

Lads. Sit down and give me your ear a while, for I have watched from the water long enough and the hour is upon us whether we have the stomach for it or not. You remember. Or your fathers told you, or their fathers did, and the knowledge of it is in the marrow of you whether you drew breath in those days or not. The moors in the grey hour before dawn. Wet heather soft under the boot. Peat smoke rising from a low stone chimney a mile out across the bog, thin as a prayer. A sky the colour of a gun barrel and the gulls lamenting above the headland. The smell of turf burning, and wet wool, and the ferrous tang of the sea when the wind swung around out of the Atlantic and put the taste of iron on your tongue. A man could walk that land and know every stone of it was his by inheritance, because his grandfather had broken his back upon it, and his grandfather before him, back through the generations until you reach men whose names are lost and whose bones are in the soil you are standing on. The potato fields. God be good to us, the potato fields. Lazy beds cut straight as a gunwale, the ridges black and shining after a night of rain, women bent double with creels lashed to their backs and the children at their skirts, drawing the crop up by the hand for there was never any other means devised nor wanted. Hands split open at the knuckles and never entirely healed in this life. Hunger within living memory. Grandmothers who had seen the blight with their own eyes and would not speak of it from the year of it until the day they were laid down, save that a crust was kept always on the dresser which no soul in that house was permitted to touch. Not ever. Not for any reason under heaven. And the chimney sweeps. Wee lads no heavier than a sack of meal, black to the bone with soot, their lungs ruined before they were old enough to marry and old men entirely by thirty. Up the flues at first light, the skin worn off them by the brick, eyes crimson at the rim, breathing the black in with every draw of air. And the coal miners a half mile beneath our feet, down in the wet dark, the roof of the world muttering over their heads, the canary gone silent, a man's whole existence measured out in the shilling a ton and the dust he carried home in his chest to cough up of a Sunday morning into a rag. Fathers who descended and were never hauled up again. Widows at the pit head with the shawl drawn over the head and no tears remaining in them for they had spent those long ago. That was the tariff paid to keep the hearth lit. That was the reckoning of being warm in winter in the Ireland that was. And after the labouring week, Friday evening, and a man had earned the peace of what followed. Home first. Peeled the day off him in the yard. A shower of ice cold moor river water out of a tin bucket punctured with holes, hung on a nail on the gable wall, the water running clean down the back of him and carrying the week's dust and sweat away into the drain. Scrubbed till the skin was pink beneath the grime. Clean shirt laid out by the wife. The hair combed down with a drop of water. Then, and only then, did a man set himself to the table. A meat pie from the baker, tenpence if he was known to you, a shilling and no change if he was not, put down upon a proper plate. Fish and chips for threepence, the salt and vinegar soaked through the newspaper, but carried home and ate slowly at your own table with your people around you, not walked with through the streets like some vagrant tinker off the road. A man ate as a man who had earned his portion, for he had. And later, with the dishes cleared and the kettle set, down the road to the tavern. Low beams black with a century of smoke. A turf fire muttering in the grate. The air thick with pipe smoke and the vapour of wet overcoats steaming themselves dry on the backs of chairs. A pint of stout, cold and black as a cove at midnight, elevenpence laid down on the counter, a head on it thick enough to strike a match upon. A second one because you had it coming to you and no man present would dispute it. A fiddle starting up in the corner of its own accord. The old men in the snug who remembered matters the history books had long since mislaid. A song before the bolt was thrown on the door. The walk home beneath a firmament crowded with stars, the stout warm in the gut of you, the week behind you, and your own door waiting with the latch unlocked for you had no enemies in that parish. That was the country. That was the covenant. Honest labour, plain food, a cold wash, a hot meal, a cold pint, your own tongue in your own mouth, your own soil beneath your boots, and no man standing above you save the Almighty Himself. Now regard her. Regard her close. The fields disposed of to men who have never set foot upon them and never shall. The harbours signed away by the stroke of a pen in a room you were not admitted to, and foreign keels dragging out of our waters the living that sustained this island for a thousand years, while our own boats rot at their moorings for want of a quota. The tradesmen undercut by imported labour and imported goods. The shops shuttered along every main street from Donegal to Cork. The young ones scattered to London and Sydney and Boston and the Gulf because there is nothing remaining for them beneath their own roof. And the entirety of this rotten arrangement dressed up in the soft mannerly language of progress by men in towers of glass who could not tell a lazy bed from a grave, nor a trawler from a tugboat, nor an honest day's work from a pension plan. And now they arrive with the next imposition. A digital identity. A number assigned to each soul. A card required to buy your bread. A code required to draw your own earnings out of your own account. A file kept on every man, woman and child from the cradle forward. Permission asked to move. Permission asked to speak. Permission asked to earn. A levy upon every breath drawn and a regulation upon every step taken. No. And no again. And no for a third time so there is no misunderstanding of it. We do not require your digital identity. We did not request it. We did not vote upon it. We do not consent to it. We do not need your permission to exist upon the soil our forefathers are buried in. We are a free people. We have carried ourselves this far upon our own two backs. Through famine and empire and civil war and black lung and blight and the emigrant ship out of Cobh, we have come this distance under our own steam, and the arrangement appears to be serving us well enough without your intervention. We buried our own. We fed our own. We raised our own roofs and took our own fish and reared our own children in our own tongue. We are in your debt for nothing. Not a signature. Not a biometric scan. Not a single solitary inch. And while we are upon the subject, let us speak plainly of the tax man, for he has gone too long without proper introduction. The tax collector and the tax man are the one article under two names, and the article is a parasite. There is no dressing it up finer than that. A man who produces nothing, who grows nothing, who catches nothing, who builds nothing, who mends nothing, who has never in his professional life lifted anything heavier than a pen, and who arrives at your door with the full apparatus of the state at his back to carry off the fruits of labour he did not perform. He is a middleman between your sweat and some scheme dreamt up in a committee room by his own kind, and the great majority of what he takes is consumed by the machinery of the taking itself before ever a penny of it reaches the road or the hospital or the schoolhouse he claims to be funding. And I will go further while I have the floor. Finance itself, the whole apparatus of it, money breeding money in the dark without a hand laid upon a tool or a spade turned in the earth, is slavery dressed in a good suit. It is the oldest swindle known to man and it has never been anything other. A man who produces nothing yet lives off the productive labour of others through the charging of interest upon money conjured out of nothing is a parasite of a rarer and more refined order than the tax man, but a parasite all the same, and between the pair of them they have the working people of this island bled white and lectured at for the pleasure. A man who will not work with his hands, nor with his back, nor with his mind at some honest problem of the real physical world, is no man that I recognise. He is a ledger entry in a suit. The country was not built by ledger entries. The country was built by farmers and fishermen and masons and smiths and sweeps and miners and shipwrights and midwives and mothers, and those are the people whose say should carry in her councils, and no other. Here is what I put to you. Let each man and woman of this island direct the first tenth of their earnings themselves, by their own judgement, to the purpose they see as worthy. The school down the road. The lifeboat station. The hospice. The widow on the corner. The roof of the chapel. The harbour wall. Whatever it may be. Let the people who earned the money decide where the money travels. You will find the roads mended and the ports dredged and the schools standing and the old ones cared for inside of five years, and done better and for less, because the hand that earned the coin knows the weight of it and will not squander it upon consultants and committees. And let us have done with the paper currency and the numbers in a screen that can be frozen at the whim of a clerk in a tower. Bring back the coin. Gold for the great transactions. Silver for the weekly commerce of a working life. Copper for the small change of the day. Metal you can bite. Metal you can weigh. Metal that cannot be conjured out of nothing by a keystroke, nor erased out of existence by another. Real money for real labour. A coin in the hand is a free man's wage. A number in a database is a collar around a free man's neck, and they are fitting that collar now while we stand arguing over the colour of it. Feel it in your gut. That is not nothing. That is your blood relating to you what your ears will not hear. That is every forebear who starved and fought and coughed the black dust into a rag and descended the shaft regardless, standing at your shoulder and saying no further. Not one more field. Not one more harbour. Not one more son upon a plane. Not one more free man converted into a number in a ledger for the convenience of the parasites. This is the hour. Make no error about it. Ireland is redeemed in this generation or she is lost beyond recovery, and every true son and daughter of her knows it in the marrow. There is no middle ground remaining. There is no waiting it out. There is standing now, upon your own two feet, or there is watching her go under the waves for the last and final time. So stand. Stand with your farmers. Stand with your fishermen. Stand with your tradesmen and your miners and your sweeps and your mothers and your old ones. Raise the tricolour. Speak the tongue. Walk the land. Hold the line in the streets of every town and city and do not break it, for they are relying upon you to break and to go home and to forget by Tuesday. She is calling her children home. Every stone of her, every breaker on her western shore, every acre of wet heather and every coal in every hearth the length and breadth of her is calling. Answer her. Take her back. Every field, every harbour, every last inch of her. Take her back, or lose her entirely. There is no third road open to us.

SiriusB

15,437 görüntüleme • 3 ay önce

They did not take cursive from the schools because children no longer needed it. They took it because of what it was quietly building in them. Consider what the exercise actually is. A child, six years old, is handed a pen and asked to draw a single unbroken line that becomes a word. The wrist must float. The fingers must hold a living pressure, never quite the same twice, always correcting. The eye must follow the ink forward and trust the hand to finish what it has begun. There is no lifting, no stopping, no starting over mid-word. The loop must close. The ascender must rise and return. The sentence must travel from one margin to the other as a single continuous gesture, and at the end of it the hand must still be steady. Twelve years of this. Every day. Ten thousand small acts of sustained, self-correcting attention, carried out below the level of conscious thought, until the motion belongs to the body and the body belongs to the motion. This is not penmanship. It is the slow construction of an interior form. The hand that has learned to carry a line without breaking it is the hand of a mind that has learned to carry a thought without breaking it. The two are not metaphors for one another. They are the same faculty, trained in the same child, by the same daily discipline. Continuity of the stroke becomes continuity of the reasoning. The patience of the loop becomes the patience of the argument. The commitment to finish a word one has started becomes the commitment to finish a sentence, a paragraph, a life's idea, without reaching for the nearest distraction halfway through. Print is a different creature entirely. Print lifts. Print stops. Print assembles a word out of separate, stamped, interchangeable pieces, each one beginning and ending in isolation. A mind raised only on print learns to think the way print is made, in discrete tokens, in replaceable units, in fragments that can be recombined by any outside hand without the owner noticing the substitution. It is precisely the shape of thought a language model produces. It is precisely the shape of thought a language model can steer. Cursive is kata. This is the whole of it. A form repeated daily, for years, not for the sake of the form but for what the repetition lays down in the practitioner beneath the form. The swordsman does not train kata so that one day he may fight in kata. He trains it so that when the moment comes and there is no time to think, the movement is already inside him, older and deeper than thought, and it rises on its own. Cursive was the kata of the literate mind, the daily quiet drilling of continuity, of patience, of a line held steady under the long pressure of its own length. And the signature it produced at the end, that small flourished mark unique to a single human being on earth, was only the outward proof of an inward form no machine and no other hand could ever reproduce. Take the kata away and the practitioner is left with vocabulary in place of faculty. He can recognise a whole thought when he encounters one. He cannot carry one himself. He can admire a finished argument. He cannot sustain one long enough to close its loop. He begins books he does not finish, sentences he does not end, ideas he abandons the moment the screen in his palm offers him a brighter one. And when the machine begins feeding him tokens in the exact shape his schooling taught him to receive, he meets it with no interior resistance at all, because no interior form was ever built in him to push back with. They removed it quietly, across a generation, and they removed it in the last years before the machines arrived. Twelve years of daily practice in unbroken, embodied, self-authored thought, gone from the curriculum of almost every child in the Western world, just as the instruments designed to complete their sentences for them came online. The hand forgets. The mind, having never been taught the kata, forgets a thing it never knew it had. That is what cursive was. That is what was taken. And that is why the thought of anyone who still writes by hand, in long unlifted lines, remains, quietly, stubbornly, and without their ever needing to announce it, their own. Now the question stands open. What else has been banned, phased out, quietly retired from the curriculum and from common life over these same decades, under the same soft excuses? Mental arithmetic. Memorisation of poetry. Latin. Logic as a formal subject. Map reading. Knot work. The keeping of a commonplace book. The reading aloud of long passages in class. Singing in parts. What was each of those actually building in the child, beneath the surface of the lesson, and whose interest was served by its disappearance?

They did not take cursive from the schools because children no longer needed it. They took it because of what it was quietly building in them. Consider what the exercise actually is. A child, six years old, is handed a pen and asked to draw a single unbroken line that becomes a word. The wrist must float. The fingers must hold a living pressure, never quite the same twice, always correcting. The eye must follow the ink forward and trust the hand to finish what it has begun. There is no lifting, no stopping, no starting over mid-word. The loop must close. The ascender must rise and return. The sentence must travel from one margin to the other as a single continuous gesture, and at the end of it the hand must still be steady. Twelve years of this. Every day. Ten thousand small acts of sustained, self-correcting attention, carried out below the level of conscious thought, until the motion belongs to the body and the body belongs to the motion. This is not penmanship. It is the slow construction of an interior form. The hand that has learned to carry a line without breaking it is the hand of a mind that has learned to carry a thought without breaking it. The two are not metaphors for one another. They are the same faculty, trained in the same child, by the same daily discipline. Continuity of the stroke becomes continuity of the reasoning. The patience of the loop becomes the patience of the argument. The commitment to finish a word one has started becomes the commitment to finish a sentence, a paragraph, a life's idea, without reaching for the nearest distraction halfway through. Print is a different creature entirely. Print lifts. Print stops. Print assembles a word out of separate, stamped, interchangeable pieces, each one beginning and ending in isolation. A mind raised only on print learns to think the way print is made, in discrete tokens, in replaceable units, in fragments that can be recombined by any outside hand without the owner noticing the substitution. It is precisely the shape of thought a language model produces. It is precisely the shape of thought a language model can steer. Cursive is kata. This is the whole of it. A form repeated daily, for years, not for the sake of the form but for what the repetition lays down in the practitioner beneath the form. The swordsman does not train kata so that one day he may fight in kata. He trains it so that when the moment comes and there is no time to think, the movement is already inside him, older and deeper than thought, and it rises on its own. Cursive was the kata of the literate mind, the daily quiet drilling of continuity, of patience, of a line held steady under the long pressure of its own length. And the signature it produced at the end, that small flourished mark unique to a single human being on earth, was only the outward proof of an inward form no machine and no other hand could ever reproduce. Take the kata away and the practitioner is left with vocabulary in place of faculty. He can recognise a whole thought when he encounters one. He cannot carry one himself. He can admire a finished argument. He cannot sustain one long enough to close its loop. He begins books he does not finish, sentences he does not end, ideas he abandons the moment the screen in his palm offers him a brighter one. And when the machine begins feeding him tokens in the exact shape his schooling taught him to receive, he meets it with no interior resistance at all, because no interior form was ever built in him to push back with. They removed it quietly, across a generation, and they removed it in the last years before the machines arrived. Twelve years of daily practice in unbroken, embodied, self-authored thought, gone from the curriculum of almost every child in the Western world, just as the instruments designed to complete their sentences for them came online. The hand forgets. The mind, having never been taught the kata, forgets a thing it never knew it had. That is what cursive was. That is what was taken. And that is why the thought of anyone who still writes by hand, in long unlifted lines, remains, quietly, stubbornly, and without their ever needing to announce it, their own. Now the question stands open. What else has been banned, phased out, quietly retired from the curriculum and from common life over these same decades, under the same soft excuses? Mental arithmetic. Memorisation of poetry. Latin. Logic as a formal subject. Map reading. Knot work. The keeping of a commonplace book. The reading aloud of long passages in class. Singing in parts. What was each of those actually building in the child, beneath the surface of the lesson, and whose interest was served by its disappearance?

SiriusB

442,795 görüntüleme • 3 ay önce

OpenAI's AgentKit will be so insane, build every step of agents on one platform. These visual agent builders make the whole process of iterating and launching agents far more efficient. It sits on top of the Responses API and unifies the tools that were previously scattered across SDKs and custom orchestration. It lets developers create agent workflows visually, connect data sources securely, and measure performance automatically without coding every layer by hand. The core of AgentKit is the Agent Builder, a drag-and-drop canvas where each node represents an action, guardrail, or decision branch. Developers can link these nodes into multi-agent workflows, preview results instantly, and version each setup. It supports inline evaluation so that developers can see how changes affect output before deploying. The Connector Registry is a single admin panel that manages how data and tools connect across the OpenAI ecosystem. It centralizes integrations like Google Drive, SharePoint, Dropbox, and Microsoft Teams. Large organizations can govern access and flow of data between agents securely under one global console. ChatKit provides a ready-to-use chat interface for embedding agents inside apps or websites. It manages streaming, message threads, and model reasoning displays automatically. Developers can skin the interface to match their product without writing custom front-end code. Under the hood, all these blocks use the same execution core that runs agent reasoning through OpenAI’s APIs. Workflows in Agent Builder compile down to structured instructions for the Responses API, which handles model calls, tool use, and context passing. Connector Registry handles authentication and routing for external tools, while Evals and RFT provide feedback loops that improve agents over time. This integration means developers no longer need to handle orchestration logic, model evaluation pipelines, or safety layers separately. Everything runs natively within OpenAI’s control plane with managed security, automatic versioning, and built-in testing. In short, AgentKit standardizes the entire life cycle of an AI agent—from visual design to deployment and performance tuning—inside a single unified system.

OpenAI's AgentKit will be so insane, build every step of agents on one platform. These visual agent builders make the whole process of iterating and launching agents far more efficient. It sits on top of the Responses API and unifies the tools that were previously scattered across SDKs and custom orchestration. It lets developers create agent workflows visually, connect data sources securely, and measure performance automatically without coding every layer by hand. The core of AgentKit is the Agent Builder, a drag-and-drop canvas where each node represents an action, guardrail, or decision branch. Developers can link these nodes into multi-agent workflows, preview results instantly, and version each setup. It supports inline evaluation so that developers can see how changes affect output before deploying. The Connector Registry is a single admin panel that manages how data and tools connect across the OpenAI ecosystem. It centralizes integrations like Google Drive, SharePoint, Dropbox, and Microsoft Teams. Large organizations can govern access and flow of data between agents securely under one global console. ChatKit provides a ready-to-use chat interface for embedding agents inside apps or websites. It manages streaming, message threads, and model reasoning displays automatically. Developers can skin the interface to match their product without writing custom front-end code. Under the hood, all these blocks use the same execution core that runs agent reasoning through OpenAI’s APIs. Workflows in Agent Builder compile down to structured instructions for the Responses API, which handles model calls, tool use, and context passing. Connector Registry handles authentication and routing for external tools, while Evals and RFT provide feedback loops that improve agents over time. This integration means developers no longer need to handle orchestration logic, model evaluation pipelines, or safety layers separately. Everything runs natively within OpenAI’s control plane with managed security, automatic versioning, and built-in testing. In short, AgentKit standardizes the entire life cycle of an AI agent—from visual design to deployment and performance tuning—inside a single unified system.

Rohan Paul

178,460 görüntüleme • 10 ay önce

Average "X Return" of the Top 10 Layer One Blockchains =? SPECIAL NOTE: The current $PLS price from the PulseChain.com Ethereum fork including ERC20s network is approximately 72% lower than the original sacrifice price, meaning it is at 28% of the original sacrifice price. The original sacrifice price for PulseChain $PLS was set at a rate of $1 for 10,000 PLS, which equates to $0.0001 per PLS. The current price of $PLS, as of the latest available data, is approximately $0.000028 USD. Imagine going back in time and buying one of the Layer One Blockchains (listed below) not at their original price but at the same 72% discount that Pulsechain is currently at, BEFORE ITS FIRST EVER BULL RUN. The term "X Return" refers to the multiple of return on investment (ROI), indicating how many times an initial investment has increased in value. For the Top 10 Layer One Blockchains, foundational protocols such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and others ranked by market capitalization and influence in 2025, this metric illustrates their remarkable historical growth. Bitcoin was launched on January 3, 2009, with the mining of the genesis block. It had no monetary value initially, as there were no exchanges to establish a price. The first recorded price came in October 2009, when 5,050 BTC were traded for $5.02, valuing each Bitcoin at roughly $0.0009. This translates to a staggering 120,961,832.33x return (or roughly 120 million percent) over approximately 16 years. Ethereum was launched on July 30, 2015, with its initial coin offering (ICO) in the summer of 2014, where 60 million Ether (ETH) were sold at approximately $0.311 per ETH, raising $18.3 million in Bitcoin. The first recorded exchange price in August 2015 was around $2.77, though it traded below $1 for months afterward. This translates to an 8,940.50x return (or roughly 894,050% increase) over approximately 11 years. BNB Chain (Binance Coin), the native token of the BNB Chain ecosystem, was launched in July 2017 as an ERC-20 token on the Ethereum network during its initial coin offering (ICO). The ICO price was approximately $0.15 per BNB. The BNB Chain itself evolved from Binance Chain (launched April 2019) and Binance Smart Chain (launched September 2020), rebranding to BNB Chain in February 2022. This translates to a 4,483.33x return (or roughly 448,333%) over approximately 8 years. Using the first recorded exchange price in August 2017, around $0.65. Solana (SOL) launched on March 16, 2020, with its main net and native token. During its initial seed funding round in 2018, SOL tokens were sold at approximately $0.04. The first recorded exchange price in April 2020 was around $0.9511. This translates to a 3,965.50x return (or roughly 396,550%) over about 7 years. Using the first exchange price ($0.9511) Ripple, the native token of the XRP Ledger (XRPL), was launched in June 2012, with 100 billion tokens pre-mined. The ICO price in 2012 was approximately $0.00589, based on early exchange data. The first recorded exchange price in February 2013 was around $0.00589. From ICO Price ($0.00589, June 2012) to current price is a 410.68x return (41,068.25% increase) over 13 years. Cardano Community (ADA) was launched in September 2017 following a series of public sales between September 2015 and January 2017, with an ICO price of approximately $0.0024 per ADA. The first recorded exchange price in October 2017 was around $0.0241. From ICO Price ($0.0024, September 2015) to current price is a 254.17x return (25,316.67% increase) over 10 years. Kaspa (KAS) was fair launched on November 7, 2021, with no pre-mine, pre-sales, or coin allocations. Trading began in June 2022 at an initial exchange price of approximately $0.000393, per data. From First Exchange Price ($0.000393, June 2022) to current price is a 195.93x return (19,492.88% increase) over 3 years. TRON DAO (TRX) was launched in September 2017 through an Initial Coin Offering (ICO), raising $70 million at an ICO price of approximately $0.0019 per TRX. The first recorded exchange price in September 2017 was around $0.002. From ICO Price ($0.0019, September 2017) to current price is a 76.84x return (7,584.21% increase) over 8 years. NEAR Protocol (NEAR) launched its main net on April 22, 2020, with an initial token sale price of approximately $0.034 per NEAR during its 2019–2020 funding rounds, as noted by other sources. The first recorded exchange price in August 2020 was around $0.9854, per data. From Initial Sale Price ($0.034, 2019–2020) to current price is a 67.06x return (6,605.88% increase) over 5.2 years. Cosmos - The Interchain ⚛️ (ATOM) was launched in April 2017 through an initial coin offering (ICO) by the Interchain Foundation, raising $17 million at approximately $0.10 per ATOM. The main net went live in March 2019, with the first recorded exchange price in March 2019 at $6.49. From ICO Price ($0.10, April 2017) to current price is a 42.5x return (4,150%) over 8 years. The cryptocurrency market remains inherently volatile, and past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results. While the historical data showcases the immense upside potential, future returns will depend on a combination of technological innovation, regulatory developments, global macroeconomic factors, and user adoption. Investors exploring this space should approach with both optimism and caution, recognizing the risks alongside the proven history of explosive growth in the top layer one blockchains. I do NOT calculate seed rounds into my calculations. 🏆 Final Top 10 Layer 1 Blockchains by “X Return” Bitcoin (BTC) - 120,961,832.33x Ethereum (ETH) - 8,940.50x BNB (BNB Chain) - 4,483.33x Solana (SOL) - 3,965.50x Ripple (XRP) - 410.68x Cardano (ADA) - 254.17x Kaspa (KAS) - 195.93x Tron (TRX) - 76.84x NEAR Protocol (NEAR) - 67.06x Cosmos (ATOM) - 42.5x Final "X" Average: X Average (Including BTC) 🚀 12,098,026.88x X Average (Excluding BTC) 🚀 2,048.50x A potential average of 2,048.50x on PulseChain.com Ethereum fork including ERC20s which is priced at a 72% discount BEFORE ITS FIRST EVER BULL RUN. "PulseChain $PLS currently trades at a remarkable 72% discount, prior to experiencing its first ever bull cycle. This positions it for a theoretical average return of 2048.5x, representing one of the most asymmetric risk reward profiles observed in modern crypto market history." - Rackham Rishel When it comes to the numbers, interpretations vary WIDELY. Everyone, including yourself, and AI cites different figures. So, I think it's reasonable to allow for a little leeway here. Thank you. Song: Foreigner "Juke Box Hero" 🔊

Average "X Return" of the Top 10 Layer One Blockchains =? SPECIAL NOTE: The current $PLS price from the PulseChain.com Ethereum fork including ERC20s network is approximately 72% lower than the original sacrifice price, meaning it is at 28% of the original sacrifice price. The original sacrifice price for PulseChain $PLS was set at a rate of $1 for 10,000 PLS, which equates to $0.0001 per PLS. The current price of $PLS, as of the latest available data, is approximately $0.000028 USD. Imagine going back in time and buying one of the Layer One Blockchains (listed below) not at their original price but at the same 72% discount that Pulsechain is currently at, BEFORE ITS FIRST EVER BULL RUN. The term "X Return" refers to the multiple of return on investment (ROI), indicating how many times an initial investment has increased in value. For the Top 10 Layer One Blockchains, foundational protocols such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and others ranked by market capitalization and influence in 2025, this metric illustrates their remarkable historical growth. Bitcoin was launched on January 3, 2009, with the mining of the genesis block. It had no monetary value initially, as there were no exchanges to establish a price. The first recorded price came in October 2009, when 5,050 BTC were traded for $5.02, valuing each Bitcoin at roughly $0.0009. This translates to a staggering 120,961,832.33x return (or roughly 120 million percent) over approximately 16 years. Ethereum was launched on July 30, 2015, with its initial coin offering (ICO) in the summer of 2014, where 60 million Ether (ETH) were sold at approximately $0.311 per ETH, raising $18.3 million in Bitcoin. The first recorded exchange price in August 2015 was around $2.77, though it traded below $1 for months afterward. This translates to an 8,940.50x return (or roughly 894,050% increase) over approximately 11 years. BNB Chain (Binance Coin), the native token of the BNB Chain ecosystem, was launched in July 2017 as an ERC-20 token on the Ethereum network during its initial coin offering (ICO). The ICO price was approximately $0.15 per BNB. The BNB Chain itself evolved from Binance Chain (launched April 2019) and Binance Smart Chain (launched September 2020), rebranding to BNB Chain in February 2022. This translates to a 4,483.33x return (or roughly 448,333%) over approximately 8 years. Using the first recorded exchange price in August 2017, around $0.65. Solana (SOL) launched on March 16, 2020, with its main net and native token. During its initial seed funding round in 2018, SOL tokens were sold at approximately $0.04. The first recorded exchange price in April 2020 was around $0.9511. This translates to a 3,965.50x return (or roughly 396,550%) over about 7 years. Using the first exchange price ($0.9511) Ripple, the native token of the XRP Ledger (XRPL), was launched in June 2012, with 100 billion tokens pre-mined. The ICO price in 2012 was approximately $0.00589, based on early exchange data. The first recorded exchange price in February 2013 was around $0.00589. From ICO Price ($0.00589, June 2012) to current price is a 410.68x return (41,068.25% increase) over 13 years. Cardano Community (ADA) was launched in September 2017 following a series of public sales between September 2015 and January 2017, with an ICO price of approximately $0.0024 per ADA. The first recorded exchange price in October 2017 was around $0.0241. From ICO Price ($0.0024, September 2015) to current price is a 254.17x return (25,316.67% increase) over 10 years. Kaspa (KAS) was fair launched on November 7, 2021, with no pre-mine, pre-sales, or coin allocations. Trading began in June 2022 at an initial exchange price of approximately $0.000393, per data. From First Exchange Price ($0.000393, June 2022) to current price is a 195.93x return (19,492.88% increase) over 3 years. TRON DAO (TRX) was launched in September 2017 through an Initial Coin Offering (ICO), raising $70 million at an ICO price of approximately $0.0019 per TRX. The first recorded exchange price in September 2017 was around $0.002. From ICO Price ($0.0019, September 2017) to current price is a 76.84x return (7,584.21% increase) over 8 years. NEAR Protocol (NEAR) launched its main net on April 22, 2020, with an initial token sale price of approximately $0.034 per NEAR during its 2019–2020 funding rounds, as noted by other sources. The first recorded exchange price in August 2020 was around $0.9854, per data. From Initial Sale Price ($0.034, 2019–2020) to current price is a 67.06x return (6,605.88% increase) over 5.2 years. Cosmos - The Interchain ⚛️ (ATOM) was launched in April 2017 through an initial coin offering (ICO) by the Interchain Foundation, raising $17 million at approximately $0.10 per ATOM. The main net went live in March 2019, with the first recorded exchange price in March 2019 at $6.49. From ICO Price ($0.10, April 2017) to current price is a 42.5x return (4,150%) over 8 years. The cryptocurrency market remains inherently volatile, and past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results. While the historical data showcases the immense upside potential, future returns will depend on a combination of technological innovation, regulatory developments, global macroeconomic factors, and user adoption. Investors exploring this space should approach with both optimism and caution, recognizing the risks alongside the proven history of explosive growth in the top layer one blockchains. I do NOT calculate seed rounds into my calculations. 🏆 Final Top 10 Layer 1 Blockchains by “X Return” Bitcoin (BTC) - 120,961,832.33x Ethereum (ETH) - 8,940.50x BNB (BNB Chain) - 4,483.33x Solana (SOL) - 3,965.50x Ripple (XRP) - 410.68x Cardano (ADA) - 254.17x Kaspa (KAS) - 195.93x Tron (TRX) - 76.84x NEAR Protocol (NEAR) - 67.06x Cosmos (ATOM) - 42.5x Final "X" Average: X Average (Including BTC) 🚀 12,098,026.88x X Average (Excluding BTC) 🚀 2,048.50x A potential average of 2,048.50x on PulseChain.com Ethereum fork including ERC20s which is priced at a 72% discount BEFORE ITS FIRST EVER BULL RUN. "PulseChain $PLS currently trades at a remarkable 72% discount, prior to experiencing its first ever bull cycle. This positions it for a theoretical average return of 2048.5x, representing one of the most asymmetric risk reward profiles observed in modern crypto market history." - Rackham Rishel When it comes to the numbers, interpretations vary WIDELY. Everyone, including yourself, and AI cites different figures. So, I think it's reasonable to allow for a little leeway here. Thank you. Song: Foreigner "Juke Box Hero" 🔊

Rackham Rishel

20,451 görüntüleme • 1 yıl önce

Today is UN Chinese Language Day—a perfect moment to celebrate one of the most influential writing systems in human history. For thousands of years, the cultures of China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam were deeply shaped by Chinese civilization. Until the early 20th century, Classical Chinese served as the shared literary and scholarly language across East Asia, much like Latin did in Europe. Chinese characters (汉字 / 漢字) became the common script of the region, later adapted locally as Kanji in Japan, Hanja in Korea, and Chữ Hán in Vietnam. Over time, each country developed its own writing innovations to better express their spoken languages: • Japan created Hiragana (平仮名) and Katakana (片仮名). • Korea invented Hangul (한글). • Vietnam eventually adopted the Latin-based Vietnamese alphabet. Yet the story of Chinese characters themselves is truly fascinating. 🇨🇳 The Legend of Cangjie According to ancient Chinese tradition, the characters were invented by Cangjie (仓颉), a legendary scribe under the Yellow Emperor around the 27th century BCE. While observing the tracks of birds and animals, the patterns of nature, and the constellations in the sky, he created the first symbols—zì (字). Legend says that on the day he succeeded, grains of rice rained from the heavens, and that night ghosts wept—because humanity had just gained the power of written wisdom. UN Chinese Language Day is observed annually on April 20, which was chosen as the date "to pay tribute to Cangjie, who is presumed to have invented Chinese characters about 5,000 years ago". Chinese characters are the world’s oldest continuously used writing system and one of the most widely used by number of speakers. In Chinese mainland since the 1950s, the government promoted simplified characters to boost literacy. Meanwhile, traditional characters continue to thrive in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau. You’ll still see both versions depending on the context—books, signs, calligraphy, or digital media. 🇯🇵 Japan: Kanji + Kana Chinese writing reached Japan around the 5th century CE. The Japanese adapted the characters as kanji and cleverly developed two new scripts from them: • Hiragana, flowing and cursive, used for grammar and native words. • Katakana, angular and sharp, mainly for foreign loanwords and emphasis. Modern Japanese is an effective mixture: kanji carry the core meaning of words, while hiragana and katakana handle the rest. Japanese students learn 2,136 joyo kanji by the end of high school, with many more used in daily life. 🇰🇷🇰🇵 Korea: From Hanja to Hangul For most of Korean history, Literary Chinese written in Hanja (한자) was the official script—from the Gojoseon era all the way through the Joseon Dynasty. Even after King Sejong the Great created the beautiful Hangul alphabet in 1443, it took centuries for it to fully replace Literary Chinese in official and scholarly writing. Today, Hanja is still essential for reading historical documents, classical literature, and academic texts. Anyone seriously studying Korean history or the humanities needs a solid command of Chinese characters. 🇻🇳 Vietnam: From Chữ Hán to Quốc Ngữ In Vietnam, Chinese characters (Chữ Hán) dominated official and scholarly writing until the early 20th century. Around the 13th century, Vietnamese scholars created Chữ Nôm—a unique system that combined Chinese characters with newly invented ones to write the Vietnamese language. It was especially popular for recording folk poetry and literature. During French colonial rule, the Latin-based Vietnamese alphabet (Quốc Ngữ) gradually took over. Today, Chinese characters and Chữ Nôm are mostly reserved for cultural and ceremonial purposes—like traditional calligraphy, temple inscriptions, and cultural festivals. Happy UN Chinese Language Day!

Today is UN Chinese Language Day—a perfect moment to celebrate one of the most influential writing systems in human history. For thousands of years, the cultures of China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam were deeply shaped by Chinese civilization. Until the early 20th century, Classical Chinese served as the shared literary and scholarly language across East Asia, much like Latin did in Europe. Chinese characters (汉字 / 漢字) became the common script of the region, later adapted locally as Kanji in Japan, Hanja in Korea, and Chữ Hán in Vietnam. Over time, each country developed its own writing innovations to better express their spoken languages: • Japan created Hiragana (平仮名) and Katakana (片仮名). • Korea invented Hangul (한글). • Vietnam eventually adopted the Latin-based Vietnamese alphabet. Yet the story of Chinese characters themselves is truly fascinating. 🇨🇳 The Legend of Cangjie According to ancient Chinese tradition, the characters were invented by Cangjie (仓颉), a legendary scribe under the Yellow Emperor around the 27th century BCE. While observing the tracks of birds and animals, the patterns of nature, and the constellations in the sky, he created the first symbols—zì (字). Legend says that on the day he succeeded, grains of rice rained from the heavens, and that night ghosts wept—because humanity had just gained the power of written wisdom. UN Chinese Language Day is observed annually on April 20, which was chosen as the date "to pay tribute to Cangjie, who is presumed to have invented Chinese characters about 5,000 years ago". Chinese characters are the world’s oldest continuously used writing system and one of the most widely used by number of speakers. In Chinese mainland since the 1950s, the government promoted simplified characters to boost literacy. Meanwhile, traditional characters continue to thrive in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau. You’ll still see both versions depending on the context—books, signs, calligraphy, or digital media. 🇯🇵 Japan: Kanji + Kana Chinese writing reached Japan around the 5th century CE. The Japanese adapted the characters as kanji and cleverly developed two new scripts from them: • Hiragana, flowing and cursive, used for grammar and native words. • Katakana, angular and sharp, mainly for foreign loanwords and emphasis. Modern Japanese is an effective mixture: kanji carry the core meaning of words, while hiragana and katakana handle the rest. Japanese students learn 2,136 joyo kanji by the end of high school, with many more used in daily life. 🇰🇷🇰🇵 Korea: From Hanja to Hangul For most of Korean history, Literary Chinese written in Hanja (한자) was the official script—from the Gojoseon era all the way through the Joseon Dynasty. Even after King Sejong the Great created the beautiful Hangul alphabet in 1443, it took centuries for it to fully replace Literary Chinese in official and scholarly writing. Today, Hanja is still essential for reading historical documents, classical literature, and academic texts. Anyone seriously studying Korean history or the humanities needs a solid command of Chinese characters. 🇻🇳 Vietnam: From Chữ Hán to Quốc Ngữ In Vietnam, Chinese characters (Chữ Hán) dominated official and scholarly writing until the early 20th century. Around the 13th century, Vietnamese scholars created Chữ Nôm—a unique system that combined Chinese characters with newly invented ones to write the Vietnamese language. It was especially popular for recording folk poetry and literature. During French colonial rule, the Latin-based Vietnamese alphabet (Quốc Ngữ) gradually took over. Today, Chinese characters and Chữ Nôm are mostly reserved for cultural and ceremonial purposes—like traditional calligraphy, temple inscriptions, and cultural festivals. Happy UN Chinese Language Day!

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