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Bypass & flow reversal is a powerful strategy for treating giant aneurysms: it deals w/their unclippability; uses natural thrombosis to close the aneurysm completely; indicates some fancy & fun bypasses, like this side-to-side bypass w/ant. temporal artery (ATA-M2 MCA) + STA-MCA…

14,508 次观看 • 6 个月前 •via X (Twitter)

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RIP Adam💜 he made this Post dec 5 health canada gaslit him and discharged him with no help he died the next day per his obituary and cause of death is AAA - abdominal aortic aneurysm- also know as a Triple A •An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a swelling in the aorta, the artery that carries blood from the heart to the tummy (abdomen) •Most aneurysms do not cause any problems, but they can be serious because there's a risk they could burst (rupture) •Symptoms of abdominal aortic aneurysm• •Abdominal aortic aneurysm often has no symptoms •You usually only find out you have one during an abdominal aortic aneurysm screening test or during tests for another condition •If an aneurysm gets bigger, you might sometimes notice: •tummy or back pain •a pulsing feeling in your tummy •Tests for abdominal aortic aneurysm •The main test to find out if you have an abdominal aortic aneurysm is an ultrasound scan of your tummy •A small device is placed on your tummy and images of the inside of your tummy will be shown on a screen •You'll usually be told if you have an aneurysm at the end of the test •You’ll also be told how big it is: •small (3cm to 4.4cm or smaller) •medium (4.5cm to 5.4cm) •large (5.5cm or bigger) •Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm• •An ultrasound test is offered to all men when they turn 65, as they're most at risk of getting an abdominal aortic aneurysm •Treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm• •Treatment for an abdominal aortic aneurysm usually depends on how big it is and if you have symptoms •If it's small, lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking and eating healthily may be recommended to help stop it getting bigger •Sometimes you may need: •medicines to lower your blood pressure and cholesterol level, which may help stop the aneurysm getting bigger •surgery to reduce the risk of the aneurysm bursting - this may be done if your AAA is large (5.5cm or bigger), is quickly getting bigger or is painful •Surgery has risks and side effects which your doctor or surgeon should discuss with you •Abdominal aortic aneurysms often get bigger over time •You'll usually need regular scans to see if it's getting bigger •If your aneurysm ruptures, you’ll need emergency surgery to treat it •Causes of an abdominal aortic aneurysm• •An abdominal aortic aneurysm happens when the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the tummy (the aorta) becomes weakened •It's not always clear what causes it, but some people have a higher chance of getting one •You’re more at risk if you: •are male and aged 65 or over •smoke or used to smoke •have high blood pressure •have high cholesterol •have a close relative who's had an abdominal aortic aneurysm •have coronary or peripheral artery disease (atherosclerosis) •have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) •have a condition such as Marfan syndrome •Sometimes an abdominal aortic aneurysm can be caused by an infection, but this is rare and we’ve also seen an increase in AAA since c19 jab rolled out

Lyndsey, RN 💜🐭

64,647 次观看 • 1 年前

Talk about dangerous liaisons! Abnormal brain vascular connections like a dural arteriovenous fistula (dural AVF) can be dangerous! This month’s AJNR SCANtastic is here to you some durable knowledge about dural AVFs! Dural sinuses sit inside dural leaflets and arteries that feed the dura also feed the walls of sinuses, like vasa vasorum. Arteries in the walls of veins are a natural connection between veins & arteries. Whether these are open depends on pressure. Normal venous pressure is not enough to open these connections, but if venous pressure is increased from thrombosis that pushes open these normal AVFs in the wall Now if fistula flow goes w/sinus flow, effect is relatively benign because dural venous sinuses are big & can handle extra flow. But if flow gets pushed backwards into cortical veins, flow is too much for cortical veins to handle & they are more likely to bleed. Presence of cortical reflux is dividing line if a fistula will have benign course or is likely to bleed Cognard classification defines dAVFs by the type of venous drainage. But you don’t have to memorize it. Just ask yourself: Can the venous outflow handle the flow (dural sinus vs cortical vein) & does it look like it is overwhelmed (venous ectasia)? In this month’s @the_AJNR, Itskeson et al. found 1/2 of dAVF pts had cognitive impairment. While more common w/cortical reflux, even pts w/o reflux had cognitive impairment that improved w/treatment This begs the question if there is any truly “benign” dAVF. Previously indications for treatment were venous reflux or debilitating pulsatile tinnitus. Perhaps we should be screening all dAVF patients for cognitive impairment and perhaps someday cognitive function will get incorporated into treatment decisions. Now you know the pathology of dural AVFs! Hopefully it stays w/you for the duration! But this only scratches the surface. Follow AJNR & check out the article for yourself:

Lea Alhilali, MD

11,498 次观看 • 1 年前

Have some mild cognitive impairment trying to remember dementia patterns on imaging? Is looking at dementia PET scans one of your PET peeves? Have short-term memory loss when you read about dementia imaging? Here's a way to remember dementia patterns so you will never forget! Major dementia imaging patterns: Alzheimer's disease (AD) · AD has a Nike swoosh pattern-with decreased metabolism in parietal & temporal regions · Remember when you see the Nike swoosh patter, just call it! Dementia w/Lewy Bodies (DLB) · Temporoparietal hypometabolism like AD but also involves occipital cortex, specific for DLB. · DLB also extends farther to the ant. temporal cortex. · Remember, regions of hypometabolism look more like an L. And Lewy starts w/an L Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) · Frontal & temporal hypometabolism as expected, but extends along the anterior cingulate gyrus · Anterior cingulate involvement makes the hypometabolism looks like a lowercase letter f-and frontotemporal starts with f Posterior cortical atrophy · Can be from AD or DLB & has hypometabolism in the occipital & post. temporal lobe, sparing the anterior temporal lobe · Sparing the anterior temporal lobe makes the involvement look like a C instead of an L like DLB. · So remember pCa Vascular dementia · Vascular dementia has a variable distribution, depending on the regions infarcted (V is both for Vascular & Variable) · Wedged shaped regions of hypometabolism corresponding to cortical infarcts-looks like an inverted V This list isn't all inclusive & there can be variations or even mixed dementias But hopefully this gives you a starting point you won't soon forget!

Lea Alhilali, MD

19,286 次观看 • 11 个月前

The President of Turkey Is Outraged by the Attack on Sanctioned Ships of Russia’s Shadow Fleet Erdogan is outraged. Not at Russia — the country that has held the Black Sea hostage for three years — but at Ukraine, because drones struck Russian shadow tankers directly in the Turkish zone. “This is a threat to navigation, security, and the environment,” he declared, defending not just ships but Moscow’s oil artery, which pumps billions every day for missiles and bombs. The same tanker operators who bypass sanctions, financing a war that has already burned thousands of lives — from Kharkiv to Kherson. Turkey, which sells drones to Kyiv but whispers to Putin about negotiations in Istanbul, has just chosen a side. The side of those who bomb civilians, not the side of those fighting for survival. And to Western politicians who were waiting for a signal from Erdogan: here it is, but not the one you hoped for. He doesn’t shout “Destroy the shadow fleet!” He whispers, “Don’t touch our waters — and Russia’s money too.” If Turkey closes the Bosphorus to Ukrainian drones or grain, but opens it wide for Russian oil — your sanctions will collapse like a house of cards. And Moscow will buy even more missiles. There is a Ukrainian saying: “you can’t sit on two chairs.” Such things end badly for everyone who tries to play on both sides. You are either with the terrorists, or with the entire civilized world — and you don’t finance terrorism. You cannot fund terror and claim you are against the terrorists.

Devana 🇺🇦

61,094 次观看 • 8 个月前