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Don't talk directly to a model. You can make your application 10x more flexible by simply adding one intermediate layer between your code and the model. This is the simplest trick you can use to improve the architecture of whatever you are building.

88,884 Aufrufe • vor 5 Monaten •via X (Twitter)

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How can you solve complex tasks using a Large Language Model? Here is a 2-minute introduction to everything you need to know to 10x the quality of your results. Let's talk about three techniques, in order of complexity, starting with the easiest one: • In-Context Learning • Indexing + In-Context Learning • Fine-tuning In-Context Learning The team that trained GPT-3 found something they couldn't explain: You can condition a model using examples of how you want it to behave. I included an example prompt in the attached video. You can "teach" the model how you want it to interpret questions, select the correct answers, and format the results by giving a few examples. You can also give specific knowledge to the model that will be helpful when formulating answers. We call this approach "grounding the model." There's another example in the video. Indexing + In-Context Learning Unfortunately, there is a limit to how much data you can include in a prompt. We call this the "context size." One version of GPT-4 supports a context of approximately 6,000 words, while the other supports 25,000 words. Although this sounds like a lot, many applications need more than that. Imagine you wrote a book and want to build an application to answer any questions about your story. What happens if your book is longer than the context? That's where Indexing comes in. Using a model, you can turn every book passage into an embedding. These are vectors, numbers that "encode" the passage's text. You can then store these embeddings in a particular database that supports fast retrieval of these vectors. You can then turn any question into an embedding and search the database for the list of passages that are similar to that query. Instead of using the entire book to ask the model, you can now use the relevant passages as in-context information, effectively working around the context size limitation. Fine-tuning Fine-tuning can give you an extra boost to get reliable outputs from your LLM. It is, however, the most complex approach on the list. There are different approaches to fine-tuning a model with your data. A popular technique is to process your data with your LLM and use the outputs to train a new classifier that solves your specific task. Notice that here you aren't modifying the LLM. Instead, you are chaining it with your trained classifier. Another approach is to modify the parameters of the LLM using your data. Think of this as "rewiring" the model in a way that solves your particular task. The results and costs will vary depending on how many layers you want to fine-tune from the original model. Many companies think that fine-tuning is the solution to their problems. In my experience, many will benefit from exploring the other two approaches. I love explaining Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence ideas. If you enjoy in-depth content like this, follow me Santiago so you don't miss what comes next.

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Production traffic is not uniform. You get a few requests that need your best model, but most are simple questions and lookups you can solve with cheaper, faster models. The most expensive mistake you can make today is sending every request to your strongest model. You need routing. Period. This is the simplest trick to improve the architecture of whatever you are building. Please, don't implement routing yourself. You don't have to. I'm currently working with TrueFoundry's Auto Routing. It reads each request, classifies it as simple, medium, or complex, and sends it to the model assigned to that tier. You have two choices: 1. Send every request to the free heuristic classifier to score signals such as technical vocabulary, code, prompt length, and multi-step reasoning. 2. Send the request to an LLM classifier when its difficulty requires a more nuanced judgment. The beauty of using routing is that nothing changes in your code. You still call a single endpoint model, but routing works behind the scenes to pair every request with the best possible model. TrueFoundry ran several experiments with two different setups: 1. Send every request to Claude Opus 2. Send every request to a router with Haiku, Sonnet, and Opus The first experiment ran 550 deterministically graded academic prompts through every setup. Auto Routing was 69% cheaper while retaining 98% of the baseline quality. The second experiment ran three production-shaped workloads through every setup, using user chats, developer chats, and long agent tasks. Auto Routing was 80% cheaper. Thanks to the TrueFoundry team for partnering with me on this post.

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