For the first time, parallelization and formal verification will be brought to Ethereum. Introducing: ⚡️M2, the first ZK Move-EVM L2 on Ethereum⚡️ Let's get into what this means🧵👇

Inheriting Block-STM parallelization from Diem, M2 uniquely brings parallelization to the modular stack, unveiling the first Modular MoveVM. With localized fee markets and parallel execution, M2 will be able to notch tens of thousands of TPS while living on Ethereum. /1

Importantly, users can interact with M2 either through the EVM client or the Move client. This means all variants of Move and EVM smart contracts can be deployed on M2. /2

The Move language introduces a novel system known as “resource-oriented” programming. Instead of letting functions interact with external contracts in unsafe ways, Move manages ownership and memory. Move can guarantee that a resource is transferred, rather than being copied. /3

Our Solution is M2, a ZK rollup solution integrated with MoveVM. M2 not only introduces Move to the Ethereum ecosystem… It also advances Ethereum’s rollup-centric scaling roadmap. /4

What is a rollup anyway? Rollups perform transaction execution outside the main L1 blockchain and send the transaction data back to L1. /5

The life cycle of a transaction on M2 may seem complicated, but it’s as simple as: 1️⃣ Users submit transactions to M2 via the M1 sequencer network. 2️⃣ M1 verifies and orders transactions to construct the M2 ledger. This is called “sequencer finality.” /6

In addition to sequencer finality, M2 has: 👉 DA finality: a DA service proves M2 transaction data is available 👉 Validity proof finality via the prover marketplace’s network of zk-provers 👉 Total finality: zk-proofs are submitted to the M2 verifier smart contract on L1. /7

L1 users can interact with M2 using native L1 clients via M2 bridge smart contracts. This functionality is crucial for asset transfers across blockchain layers. All clients and full nodes use RPC protocols to interact with L1, M2, the DA service and the prover marketplace. /8

Next we’ll explore the components of M2, starting with L1, also known as the “settlement layer.” We chose Ethereum as M2’s L1 because of it’s large liquidity base and secure decentralization, enabling DeFi to flourish. /9

The M2 validating bridge smart contracts have two benefits: 1️⃣ They bridge Ethereum and M2, enabling cross-chain deposit and withdrawal of assets. 2️⃣ A verifier contract provides Ethereum with a source of truth about M2’s state, validating the prover marketplace’s zk-proofs /10

Movement SDK is the core of M2’s modular execution environment. The SDK includes MoveVM, Fractal, and APIs for integration with sequencer networks and the DA service. /11

M1 serves as M2's PoS sequencer network. M1 provides the following: 👉 collects transactions from clients 👉 manages the memory pool of pending transactions 👉 verifies transaction correctness via Movement SDK 👉 achieves consensus on transaction order /12

Data Availability Services guarantee transaction data is accessible for use by the prover network and for reconstructing the M2 ledger state by full nodes. We’re using leading DA service providers like @CelestiaOrg 🤝 /13

M2’s Prover Marketplace’s network of provers generates zk-proofs of validity for sequenced blocks. Movement is integrating Plonky2’s ZK proving system for many technical reasons, explained in great detail in M2’s soon-to-be published whitepaper. /14

End-users interact with M2 through either native Move clients or EVM clients. They connect to M1 via RPC protocols. For operations on L1, users employ existing L1 clients already available. /15

M2 full nodes maintain the ledger. Full nodes interact with M2’s DA service, provers and L1, facilitating the finality guarantees we covered earlier in this thread. End-users can run full nodes to verify transactions, making M2 even more decentralized in nature. /16

The Movement SDK has two main components: MoveVM and Fractal. MoveVM establishes Move as a standard across major ecosystems. It decouples the execution environment from any specific consensus mechanism. It is compatible with various versions of Move across ecosystems. /17

Fractal enables non-Move smart contract engineers to deploy their Solidity contracts on MoveVM. 1️⃣ Solidity is compiled to an Intermediate Language containing instructions articulated in EVM opcodes. 2️⃣ Then the EVM opcodes are mapped to their MoveVM bytecode counterparts. /18

EVM Runtime is a mechanism to transpose EVM RPC calls into MoveVM RPC calls. This allows Solidity smart contracts to be deployed onto MoveVM, through a specialized Ethereum JSON RPC endpoint. The possibilities are practically endless. /19

Sequencers in the M1 network are required to stake MOV tokens, aligning their incentives with the health and efficiency of the network. The PoS mechanism enables slashing conditions to safeguard against malicious activities, enhancing the network's security and reliability. /20

Snowman Consensus allows M1 to enjoy high throughput and efficient transaction sequencing. As a leaderless consensus protocol that uses state-weighted sampling and rapid convergence, Snowman is a great choice for handling high volumes of transactions with low latency. /21

To participate in sequencing and earn fees, validators stake MOV. M2’s modular design abstracts the consensus layer away from the execution layer. This enhances security, flexibility and scalability by letting each protocol layer work independently and stay synchronized. /22

There are three touchpoints between the consensus layer and the execution engine: 1️⃣ Transaction Initiation: a new transaction is added to the memory pool /23

2️⃣ Block Building: the consensus layer sends a unique block ID and current mempool transactions to the execution layer, which begins building a new block. /24

3️⃣ Block Submission: the execution layer submits the block to the consensus layer, receives a commit notification, and writes the final state to storage. /25

We hope this thread helped you more deeply understand all the parts of M2's novel design. Each component is essential for enhancing Ethereum’s L1 infrastructure. Ethereum is the central place to start transforming web3 now. And M2 is here for it. /26

/27 As of November 2023, EVM-based systems have lost 5 billion dollars in crypto assets due to security exploits. There is now a solution: M2.

About us: Movement is a network of Move-based blockchains designed to pair smart contract security and parallelization with EVM liquidity and user bases. M2 is the first MEVM (Move + EVM) ZK L2 on Ethereum and is powered by Celestia, natively bringing the MoveVM to Ethereum /28

We're eager to show you all the amazing teams we are working with, and we'd love to work with more! Build and grow #Move with us through our Open Builders Program! Get connected with the team and other builders here: /29

Join the Movement Community today! Our community program offers special rewards and exclusive opportunities to everyone participating in the network: /30