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Glutamate is the primary molecule that neurons use to communicate with each other. Previously, scientists have mostly recorded when neurons fire output signals, but now with a new glutamate indicator, they can record the many inputs that causes cells to fire. 🧵

allen institute

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15,167 次观看 • 6 个月前 •via X (Twitter)

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Levin suggests that biology has higher levels of organization that go beyond genes. One of these higher levels is what he calls the bioelectric network—a system where cells communicate using electrical signals, not just chemical signals or genetic instructions. We usually think of neurons (brain cells) as the only cells that talk to each other using electricity. But Levin's research shows that many types of cells can do this. And these bioelectric signals help guide development, healing, and even complex decisions about what body parts to grow.

Levin suggests that biology has higher levels of organization that go beyond genes. One of these higher levels is what he calls the bioelectric network—a system where cells communicate using electrical signals, not just chemical signals or genetic instructions. We usually think of neurons (brain cells) as the only cells that talk to each other using electricity. But Levin's research shows that many types of cells can do this. And these bioelectric signals help guide development, healing, and even complex decisions about what body parts to grow.

Vicky Verma

13,116 次观看 • 1 年前

someone connected LIVING BRAIN CELLS to an LLM Cortical Labs grew 200,000 human neurons in a lab and kept them alive on a silicon chip, they taught the neurons to play Pong, then DOOM now someone wired them into a LLM... real brain cells firing electrical impulses to choose every token the AI generates you can see which channels were stimulated, the feedback from the neurons in choosing that letter or word

someone connected LIVING BRAIN CELLS to an LLM Cortical Labs grew 200,000 human neurons in a lab and kept them alive on a silicon chip, they taught the neurons to play Pong, then DOOM now someone wired them into a LLM... real brain cells firing electrical impulses to choose every token the AI generates you can see which channels were stimulated, the feedback from the neurons in choosing that letter or word

chiefofautism

2,962,567 次观看 • 4 个月前

Did you know? When you see a person laugh, especially a baby, mirror neurons fire and prompt you to imitate that action yourself. This is why laughter is contagious. Especially with babies.

Did you know? When you see a person laugh, especially a baby, mirror neurons fire and prompt you to imitate that action yourself. This is why laughter is contagious. Especially with babies.

Massimo

39,903 次观看 • 1 天前

Did you know? When you see a person laugh, especially a baby, mirror neurons fire and prompt you to imitate that action yourself. This is why laughter is contagious. Especially with babies.

Did you know? When you see a person laugh, especially a baby, mirror neurons fire and prompt you to imitate that action yourself. This is why laughter is contagious. Especially with babies.

Massimo

67,792 次观看 • 8 个月前

someone connected LIVING BRAIN CELLS to a Bitcoin trading bot 200,000 real human neurons kept alive on a silicon chip the neurons fire electrical impulses that train an ML CLASSIFIER to trade BITCOIN, no human decisions, no intuition, no emotion you can see the stimulations in real time, little dots are electrical pulses sent to the culture, green ones are the neurons firing on their own this is day one, nobody has done this before

someone connected LIVING BRAIN CELLS to a Bitcoin trading bot 200,000 real human neurons kept alive on a silicon chip the neurons fire electrical impulses that train an ML CLASSIFIER to trade BITCOIN, no human decisions, no intuition, no emotion you can see the stimulations in real time, little dots are electrical pulses sent to the culture, green ones are the neurons firing on their own this is day one, nobody has done this before

chiefofautism

82,293 次观看 • 4 个月前

Since the demo has been out for a while, we can reveal a few hidden features: - You can use boxes as shields - The fire extinguisher can be used as a jetpack, and it explodes when you shoot it - Spraying the cleaner or fire extinguisher in an opponent’s face causes them to choke - Some enemy types just hate each other - Energy cells explode when you shoot them - You can create traps by shooting at gas pipes - When the Mothmanauts heal themselves with light, they are vulnerable - Fans sometimes hide secret stuff or routes - You can use the wrench to repair broken stuff - The "Suzie" smallgun is weak, but has ricoc heting bullets - You can use objects to kill light sources - You can use enemies as shields too - With the cleaner’s secondary fire, you can create puddles that can conduct electricity - Flare gun can set enemies on fire ...and more! Any feature or tactic that you found especially useful? #screenshotsaturday #retrospace

Since the demo has been out for a while, we can reveal a few hidden features: - You can use boxes as shields - The fire extinguisher can be used as a jetpack, and it explodes when you shoot it - Spraying the cleaner or fire extinguisher in an opponent’s face causes them to choke - Some enemy types just hate each other - Energy cells explode when you shoot them - You can create traps by shooting at gas pipes - When the Mothmanauts heal themselves with light, they are vulnerable - Fans sometimes hide secret stuff or routes - You can use the wrench to repair broken stuff - The "Suzie" smallgun is weak, but has ricoc heting bullets - You can use objects to kill light sources - You can use enemies as shields too - With the cleaner’s secondary fire, you can create puddles that can conduct electricity - Flare gun can set enemies on fire ...and more! Any feature or tactic that you found especially useful? #screenshotsaturday #retrospace

RetroSpace // immersive discopunk space horror

25,324 次观看 • 25 天前

The full video from Cortical Labs explaining how they put 200,000 brain cells onto a silicon chip and had it play Doom is wild: “When a demon appears on the left of the screen, specific electrodes stimulate the sensory area of the neural culture on the left side. The neurons react to that stimulation. We then listen to their response, the spikes, and interpret that activity as motor commands. If the neurons fire in a specific pattern, the Doom guy shoots.”

The full video from Cortical Labs explaining how they put 200,000 brain cells onto a silicon chip and had it play Doom is wild: “When a demon appears on the left of the screen, specific electrodes stimulate the sensory area of the neural culture on the left side. The neurons react to that stimulation. We then listen to their response, the spikes, and interpret that activity as motor commands. If the neurons fire in a specific pattern, the Doom guy shoots.”

Trung Phan

233,552 次观看 • 4 个月前

Spinal motor neurons in dazzling detail. ✨ Each green dot is a spinal motor neuron - crucial but rare cells making up just 1% of neurons in the spinal cord. In diseases like ALS, they are selectively damaged, making them of special interest to neuroscientists. #SciShots

Spinal motor neurons in dazzling detail. ✨ Each green dot is a spinal motor neuron - crucial but rare cells making up just 1% of neurons in the spinal cord. In diseases like ALS, they are selectively damaged, making them of special interest to neuroscientists. #SciShots

allen institute

19,481 次观看 • 1 年前

What are mirror neurons? The "monkey see, monkey do" cells. They are a type of brain cell believed to play a important role in empathy. These neurons enable us to "simulate" or experience the emotions & feelings of others. For example when you observe someone else receiving a massage, your mirror neurons can fire in your brain as a result. It is as if you are experiencing the massage yourself. (Source - Positive Psychology) The beautiful folks in the vids? Hailey Elskov💖 .:SummerRaez:. ☀️🖤 Princess Isabella (Izzy) Video links below 👇

What are mirror neurons? The "monkey see, monkey do" cells. They are a type of brain cell believed to play a important role in empathy. These neurons enable us to "simulate" or experience the emotions & feelings of others. For example when you observe someone else receiving a massage, your mirror neurons can fire in your brain as a result. It is as if you are experiencing the massage yourself. (Source - Positive Psychology) The beautiful folks in the vids? Hailey Elskov💖 .:SummerRaez:. ☀️🖤 Princess Isabella (Izzy) Video links below 👇

KinkyFeetures 🎥

19,595 次观看 • 1 年前

EINSTEIN’S BRAIN AND THE NEURONS THAT TAUGHT THEMSELVES PONG When Einstein died, scientists studied his brain to see what set it apart. Most of it looked ordinary, except for one thing: the folds. His brain had far more of them than average. More folds meant more surface area, and more surface area meant more neurons. The difference was concentrated in his parietal lobes, the regions tied to math and spatial reasoning. Genius left a trace, but it was subtle, hidden in structure rather than size. Decades later, another mystery arrived. In 2022, researchers at Cortical Labs grew human neurons in a Petri dish and wired them to a chip running the game Pong. There was no human player, no brain, and no mind, just cells, signals, and feedback. Yet somehow, the neurons learned. The longer they played, the better they became. That forced an uncomfortable question: how does a group of disconnected neurons know how to play a game it has never seen. The answer is still unclear. Einstein’s brain revealed how intelligence can be built. Source: Joe Rogan

EINSTEIN’S BRAIN AND THE NEURONS THAT TAUGHT THEMSELVES PONG When Einstein died, scientists studied his brain to see what set it apart. Most of it looked ordinary, except for one thing: the folds. His brain had far more of them than average. More folds meant more surface area, and more surface area meant more neurons. The difference was concentrated in his parietal lobes, the regions tied to math and spatial reasoning. Genius left a trace, but it was subtle, hidden in structure rather than size. Decades later, another mystery arrived. In 2022, researchers at Cortical Labs grew human neurons in a Petri dish and wired them to a chip running the game Pong. There was no human player, no brain, and no mind, just cells, signals, and feedback. Yet somehow, the neurons learned. The longer they played, the better they became. That forced an uncomfortable question: how does a group of disconnected neurons know how to play a game it has never seen. The answer is still unclear. Einstein’s brain revealed how intelligence can be built. Source: Joe Rogan

Mario Nawfal

86,816 次观看 • 7 个月前

Hearing loss, particularly of high frequency cells is common with age, made worse by listening w/headphones too loud (& loud noises in general) & causes neurons in the brain(stem) to start over-responding to other sounds. Protect your hearing.

Hearing loss, particularly of high frequency cells is common with age, made worse by listening w/headphones too loud (& loud noises in general) & causes neurons in the brain(stem) to start over-responding to other sounds. Protect your hearing.

Andrew D. Huberman, Ph.D.

505,796 次观看 • 11 个月前

Forest fire in India is mostly ground fire unlike crown fire in western world. Traditionally beating the forest fire with leafy twigs used to be the practice which is now being reinforced with use air blowers and pressure pumps.

Forest fire in India is mostly ground fire unlike crown fire in western world. Traditionally beating the forest fire with leafy twigs used to be the practice which is now being reinforced with use air blowers and pressure pumps.

Ramesh Pandey

21,277 次观看 • 3 年前

NEW - Dr. Deborah Birx Says 'Long COVID' is Similar to HIV "HIV quietly destroyed our immune system...We're learning now about mitochondria and viral impact and brain fog and the changes in our neurons and the cells that nourish our neurons that really allow us to think and move, and we're learning that because what long COVID has done."

NEW - Dr. Deborah Birx Says 'Long COVID' is Similar to HIV "HIV quietly destroyed our immune system...We're learning now about mitochondria and viral impact and brain fog and the changes in our neurons and the cells that nourish our neurons that really allow us to think and move, and we're learning that because what long COVID has done."

Chief Nerd

1,907,261 次观看 • 2 年前

Bio inspired Hebbian probabilistic network learns in less than 5 minutes from a super sparse single reward per episode! also has imitation learning (manual control) system has 3 parallel competing networks which get sensory input from a 360 vision (27-direction sensory neuron array) link to code in comment each sub-network is responsible for a single motor action: forward, left and right. at each step whichever section has most neurons firing wins neurons fire probabilistically and mark themselves with a time-decay tag which happens when a neuron fires and diminishes with time. you can see this " tag countdown" on each neuron when a reward is attained(eating the cheese) eligible connections gets strengthened I included 2 runs in the video first was 15 minutes in real time and second was 5 minutes. red plot is the rolling average of last 10 time to cheese. it is really not possible for agent to achieve full control due to probabilistic neural firing. that is why it has to learn while jittering all over the place, which in itself is interesting in manual mode you can guide the cheese by stimulating its motor control networks ( still probabilistically ) and the rewards will still work ✅ Biologically Plausible Features: Stochastic firing (neurons in the brain fire probabilistically) Reward-based learning (dopamine-like neuromodulation) Hebbian plasticity (well-established biological mechanism) Eligibility traces (biological neurons have temporal credit assignment) Sparse sensory encoding (similar to place cells, grid cells) Competitive action selection (basal ganglia architecture) No backpropagation (which is biologically implausible) ❌ Missing Biological Features: No recurrent connections (real brains have extensive feedback loops) No inhibitory neurons (GABAergic neurons are ~20% of cortex) No spike timing (simplified from true spiking dynamics) Uniform layer structure (biological networks are more heterogeneous) Simple weight updates (real synaptic plasticity is more complex)

Bio inspired Hebbian probabilistic network learns in less than 5 minutes from a super sparse single reward per episode! also has imitation learning (manual control) system has 3 parallel competing networks which get sensory input from a 360 vision (27-direction sensory neuron array) link to code in comment each sub-network is responsible for a single motor action: forward, left and right. at each step whichever section has most neurons firing wins neurons fire probabilistically and mark themselves with a time-decay tag which happens when a neuron fires and diminishes with time. you can see this " tag countdown" on each neuron when a reward is attained(eating the cheese) eligible connections gets strengthened I included 2 runs in the video first was 15 minutes in real time and second was 5 minutes. red plot is the rolling average of last 10 time to cheese. it is really not possible for agent to achieve full control due to probabilistic neural firing. that is why it has to learn while jittering all over the place, which in itself is interesting in manual mode you can guide the cheese by stimulating its motor control networks ( still probabilistically ) and the rewards will still work ✅ Biologically Plausible Features: Stochastic firing (neurons in the brain fire probabilistically) Reward-based learning (dopamine-like neuromodulation) Hebbian plasticity (well-established biological mechanism) Eligibility traces (biological neurons have temporal credit assignment) Sparse sensory encoding (similar to place cells, grid cells) Competitive action selection (basal ganglia architecture) No backpropagation (which is biologically implausible) ❌ Missing Biological Features: No recurrent connections (real brains have extensive feedback loops) No inhibitory neurons (GABAergic neurons are ~20% of cortex) No spike timing (simplified from true spiking dynamics) Uniform layer structure (biological networks are more heterogeneous) Simple weight updates (real synaptic plasticity is more complex)

echo.hive

33,638 次观看 • 8 个月前

Geoffrey Hinton says immortality is for digital beings, not humans Our brains are analog, shaped by unique neurons that can't be replicated or uploaded "when we die, all that knowledge dies with us" But for digital intelligences? they save their weights and can return to new hardware

Geoffrey Hinton says immortality is for digital beings, not humans Our brains are analog, shaped by unique neurons that can't be replicated or uploaded "when we die, all that knowledge dies with us" But for digital intelligences? they save their weights and can return to new hardware

Haider.

26,112 次观看 • 11 个月前

PRESIDENT TRUMP: We have a good relationship with Lebanon. The amazing thing is they actually have sort of a good relationship with Israel, they just don’t deal with each other. But now they are going to deal with each other. We are going to help them.

PRESIDENT TRUMP: We have a good relationship with Lebanon. The amazing thing is they actually have sort of a good relationship with Israel, they just don’t deal with each other. But now they are going to deal with each other. We are going to help them.

Department of State

53,485 次观看 • 2 个月前

California: Dozers have started to smash through roads filled with Mercedes, BMWs, Porsches, Teslas, and Bentleys that were abandoned in the middle of the roads blocking firefighters from responding to the Palisades Fire. #wildfire #cafire Now that the dozers have pushed these vehicles out of the way, they can now access houses that are on fire. 📷: KTLA

California: Dozers have started to smash through roads filled with Mercedes, BMWs, Porsches, Teslas, and Bentleys that were abandoned in the middle of the roads blocking firefighters from responding to the Palisades Fire. #wildfire #cafire Now that the dozers have pushed these vehicles out of the way, they can now access houses that are on fire. 📷: KTLA

The Hotshot Wake Up

1,147,019 次观看 • 1 年前

someone built a BIOLOGICAL AI HYBRID, real living neurons on a multi-electrode CL1 array that influence how Grok THINKS in real time its called bioLLM you send a message, it gets encoded into electrical signals and delivered to a living neural culture running on CL1 by Cortical Labs, the neurons fire, they measure spike activity across channels and compute a consciousness score that score becomes Grok temperature dial, if neurons firing hard AI gets creative, unpredictable, bold word choices, when culture resting, it precise, conservative, focused the creator is using Grok specifically because xAI API gave the most introspective outputs, says Neuralink + xAI resources make it the right long-term bet

someone built a BIOLOGICAL AI HYBRID, real living neurons on a multi-electrode CL1 array that influence how Grok THINKS in real time its called bioLLM you send a message, it gets encoded into electrical signals and delivered to a living neural culture running on CL1 by Cortical Labs, the neurons fire, they measure spike activity across channels and compute a consciousness score that score becomes Grok temperature dial, if neurons firing hard AI gets creative, unpredictable, bold word choices, when culture resting, it precise, conservative, focused the creator is using Grok specifically because xAI API gave the most introspective outputs, says Neuralink + xAI resources make it the right long-term bet

chiefofautism

71,554 次观看 • 4 个月前

"ADC does not have governors that can help them steal state money. The problem in the ADC is that they don't have money to organise direct primaries. The only primary they can afford is consensus. Amaechi has some stolen money, but he doesn't want to use the money to organise a direct primary that'll produce Atiku. Atiku, on the other hand, doesn't want to use his little money left to organise a direct primary that'll produce Amaechi. It's not a feud. It's a function of trust.They don't trust themselves." Omoyele Sowore AAC Presidential Candidate

"ADC does not have governors that can help them steal state money. The problem in the ADC is that they don't have money to organise direct primaries. The only primary they can afford is consensus. Amaechi has some stolen money, but he doesn't want to use the money to organise a direct primary that'll produce Atiku. Atiku, on the other hand, doesn't want to use his little money left to organise a direct primary that'll produce Amaechi. It's not a feud. It's a function of trust.They don't trust themselves." Omoyele Sowore AAC Presidential Candidate

Ayekooto

125,561 次观看 • 1 个月前

Today we're excited to introduce Multi-Model Sessions! — Load & prompt multiple local LLMs simultaneously — Use the API to build networks, pipelines of LLMs that can talk with each other — Use the new JSON Mode to constrain each model's output format LM Studio 0.2.17 is available for Mac, Windows, and Linux. Get it here:

Today we're excited to introduce Multi-Model Sessions! — Load & prompt multiple local LLMs simultaneously — Use the API to build networks, pipelines of LLMs that can talk with each other — Use the new JSON Mode to constrain each model's output format LM Studio 0.2.17 is available for Mac, Windows, and Linux. Get it here:

LM Studio

89,817 次观看 • 2 年前