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🚨M23 WILL NOT INTEGRATE INTO DRC ARMY. —Rwanda and M23 will lay down their weapons. Aggressors against the Washington Accords are on notice. 🚩M23 is on notice. 🚩Rwanda, Kagame is on notice. There will be peace in the DRC. Now is the time for peace. —M23, lay down your...

91,337 次观看 • 5 个月前 •via X (Twitter)

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Like all Africans and beyond, I am deeply saddened by the situation in the Eastern Congo. I want to pass my condolences to South Africa on the death of its soldiers who have died in pursuit of peace in the DRC, and everyone who has been killed by this crisis. Today I took time to understand the issues and the root cause of the Great Lakes crisis, you can’t understand it all in a day. I am not an expert on the Great Lakes, but I found two insightful videos featuring Tanzania’s founding father, Mwalimu Julius Nyerere, and former South African President Thabo Mbeki explaining it. Both leaders were actively involved in efforts to address the Great Lakes issue, with Nyerere engaging as far back as 1992 and earlier. The problem can be traced back to 1885 during the Berlin Conference, where Africa was partitioned among European colonial powers and borders were drawn regardless of ethnic sensitivities. Belgium, the colonial power in the DRC, and Germany, the colonial power in Rwanda, drew borders that divided the Rwandan Kingdom, incorporating parts of it into what is now the DRC. As a result of this partitioning, the Banyarwanda (including the Banyamulenge) ended up living on both sides of the border—in Rwanda and the DRC. Just like the Tswanas in South Africa and Botswana. Despite being Zairean (Congolese) citizens, the Banyarwanda in the DRC were often treated as foreigners by successive Congolese governments, and they faced significant discrimination. The situation worsened after the Tutsi genocide in Rwanda in 1994 which was carried out by the Hutus, when perpetrators of the genocide fled into the DRC, particularly to areas where Congolese Banyarwanda lived. These perpetrators formed a militia called the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR). The FDLR, which opposes the current Rwandan government, was later incorporated into the Congolese army, causing Rwanda to view their presence in Eastern Congo as a significant security threat. Rwanda objected to the persecution of the Congolese Banyarwanda by the Congolese Government and the FDLR in the DRC. Rwanda’s said its involvement in the DRC is rooted in its efforts to neutralise the FDLR and protect its national security, as well as to address the marginalisation of the Banyarwanda in Eastern Congo. However, this involvement has also sparked significant controversy and accusations of resource exploitation and destabilisation by the DRC. The M23 (March 23 Movement) originated from the National Congress for the Defence of the People (CNDP), a Tutsi-led rebel group in the DRC that operated in the mid-2000s. The CNDP was mainly focused on protecting the rights of Congolese Tutsis (Banyarwanda) who faced discrimination and violence, particularly after the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. Reports by Human Rights Watch in October 2022 revealed that the Congolese military supported the FDLR in their military operations against the M23 rebel group. At the same time, the Congolese government has accused Rwanda of supporting the M23 militarily. Currently the conflict involves the M23 and the Congolese army, with the DRC accusing Rwanda of deploying its troops on Congolese soil. As Nyerere points out in the video, the Zairean government stripped the Banyarwanda in the Congo of their citizenship, rendering them stateless. However, they are Congolese due to the colonial borders. What is clear is that this crisis is not an overnight problem, it has been there for decades, long before both Presidents Paul Kagame and Félix Tshisekedi were in power. What is lacking is leadership from the region and the continent to help both countries resolve this crisis once and for all. It is like a volcano that has been erupting periodically, the crisis is crying out for a modern day Nyerere or Mbeki. It is now unrealistic to expect Presidents Kagame and Tshisekedi to invite each other for coffee, it needs someone with gravitas to invite them. This crisis has no military solution except dialogue.

Hopewell Chin’ono

220,146 次观看 • 1 年前