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🧪 Mind-blowing rubber band trick you can see with a thermal camera! 🔥❄️ Stretch a rubber band… and it instantly heats up. Release it… and it cools down below room temperature. Yes, really. Here’s why: Rubber is made of long, tangled polymer chains. • Stretching lines them up (lower...

1,234,934 次观看 • 26 天前 •via X (Twitter)

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#PODKAZZxTEETEEPOR 👤: Why don’t you like rubber bands? When you say you don’t like them, what do you mean? Like, how do they make you feel? 🐻‍❄️: I don’t like touching them. I don’t even like looking at them 👤: You don’t like touching them either? 🐻‍❄️: I don’t like touching them. If a rubber band touches something, I won’t touch that thing afterward 🐶: For example, if there’s a rubber band on the table, he’d just throw the table away and buy a new one 👤: Whoa, really? Do you have some kind of psychological aversion to (rubber bands)? Or is there a reason for it? 🐻‍❄️: No, it’s just that… I have this image in my head from when I was little 👤: But there has to be a reason. Look, there has to be a reason 🐻‍❄️: I once saw a rubber band wrapped around something. It was raining at the time, and the rubber band was dry. Then the rain got it wet, and when I saw it, I got goosebumps all over 👤: Does it feel like it moves when it gets wet? 🐻‍❄️: No, it doesn’t move. It just has this weird, wet-but-still-dry-looking appearance, like when it’s soaked in water. And then… seeing it like that just makes me feel… 👤: Like something’s not quite right? It makes you uncomfortable, and you’re just like, “No, nope, not okay.” 🐻‍❄️: Yeah, so I’ve just disliked it my whole life ever since 👤: Great. We did it. We don’t like it because we don’t like it // Throw it away and buy a new one 55555

ѕ тα я я у ✨

32,681 次观看 • 5 天前

Brian Keating (Prof. Brian Keating) and Rebecca Newberger Goldstein (Rebecca Newberger Goldstein) discuss "The Law of Physics Behind Depression." Rebecca Newberger Goldstein: The thing that suicidally depressed people feel is that they don’t matter; others do, they don’t. Nothing they can do will ever make them matter. It’s a terrible, terrible feeling. And what this means is they cannot abide their own presence. Brian Keating: What if there is a law of physics that explains why depression feels the way it does? Rebecca Newberger Goldstein: When I first learned about the second law of thermodynamics, it seemed—I couldn’t quite conceptualize it. We are subject to the second law of thermodynamics, which, you know, has a tragic dimension. In fact, when I was a graduate student, it occurred to me, oh my gosh, biological systems are really just organized to resist the second law of thermodynamics. In some sense, biology is a response to this supreme law that tells us that, in closed systems, energy never increases; entropy never decreases. Entropy never decreases, and if there’s any way for it to increase, it will. Entropy is the measure of the disorder of a system. The more disorder, the higher the entropy, and the less efficient the work you can get out at the end of the system. And in fact, Rudolf Clausius, the physicist, said that the universe itself will go to thermal equilibrium—what we call the heat death—and so there will be no more energy to be gotten out of it at the end of the system. Rudolf Clausius, the 19th-century physicist who formulated the concept of entropy, which means literally “transformation from within”—there’s poignancy in that. This transformation from within is going to the end of the system. And he said that the universe itself will go to thermal equilibrium, to what we call the heat death, and so there will be no more energy to be gotten out of it. Brian Keating: So let’s start with that story you tell first about Ludwig Boltzmann, who solved one of the great paradoxes of physics, the irreversibility paradox. Talk about that. And then why, in your mind, was he so traumatized, perhaps, or so full of dread of his equation that he took his own life? So talk about that. Rebecca Newberger Goldstein: So there was this great paradox, which is that most—probably most—of the processes that we observe are irreversible. If you film them—and tell me if I’m being too elementary, because I’m going to be very—you know, if you film them, like let’s say I crack open an egg and I stir it up and then I fry it, and somebody filmed this and then reversed the film, anybody who sees the reverse of that film is going to know it was reversed. That cannot happen in nature: that the egg is going to uncook itself, unscramble; the yolk is going to separate from the albumen and jump into the shell and seal up. Impossible, right? So almost everything that we see is irreversible. Brian Keating: Yes. I saw that line, Rebecca. It made me think, because you mentioned it in the context of his daughter, Elsa, finding her father’s dead body. And it wasn’t like he showed any sign. I mean, we can’t go into the minds of someone who dies by suicide, right? Yes. But at the same time, you’d think, well, this would be a more common thing. And so, is depression sort of a—you know, they used to think of miasmas and things in the air, you write about that in the book—is depression, at heart, an entropic collapsing process? Rebecca Newberger Goldstein: I have spoken to a lot of people who suffer from clinical depression. And I want to say, first of all, that the U.S. hotline for suicide prevention is The thing that suicidally depressed people feel is that they don’t matter. Others do. They don’t. Nothing they can do will ever make them matter. It’s a terrible, terrible feeling. And what this means is they cannot—they can’t abide their own presence. I really think it shows how strong this mattering instinct is in us. If you can’t somehow appease it, you can’t abide your own presence. And so, what the people I’ve spoken to—and one is a very, very good philosopher who has suffered from depression—have told me is that, phenomenologically, this is exactly what it feels like. It feels like psychic disintegration. So, in some sense, yes—happiness is a very ordered state. And I would go even further: everything worth living for is an ordered state. I think knowledge—knowledge, knowledge, knowledge—is better than ignorance. Clarity is better than confusion. Flourishing is better than suffering. Love is better than hatred. Beauty is better than ugliness. These are truisms; these are what we all accept. Look at the thing that’s better: it’s an ordered state. And its negation is a disordered state. So I think—I would argue—this is a very kind of Spinozist argument, trying to get out of the laws of nature some ethical enlightenment, some ethical guidance, because that’s what we want. We want ethical guidance. So we know we want to matter. We know we do all sorts of things to matter. Some people do very bad things in order to matter. Some of the people I’ve spoken to… they do. They want power over others. They want dominance. They want to make other people’s lives miserable. These are bad things, right? They cause an increase in entropy. This is how I judge people now: are you increasing entropy, or are you decreasing it? -- Full video in link below.

Steven Pinker

151,126 次观看 • 3 个月前

Richard Feynman on the one idea that explains almost everything around you: 1. heat isn't a substance. it's motion. when something feels hot, its atoms are jiggling fast. when it's cold, they're jiggling slow. that's all temperature is... speed. 2. when a warm cup heats your hand, nothing actually flows into you. the fast atoms just bump the slow ones and speed them up. heat "spreading" is only jiggling passed along by touch. 3. atoms never lose energy. a bouncing ball slows and stops... but the motion doesn't disappear. it leaked into the floor. the ball goes still, the floor gets a little warmer. the motion is still there. just scrambled. 4. hammer a piece of metal long enough and it gets hot. you added no heat. you just jiggled it harder. pounding is heating. 5. a drop of water pulls into a ball because the atoms want partners on every side. the ones at the surface only have them below. so they keep clawing inward, trying to get in. that's what rounds the drop. 6. that same drop is slowly vanishing. atoms at the surface keep breaking free into the air, one by one, until none are left. you're watching them leave. 7. ice, water, and steam are the same atoms at different speeds. slow, and they lock in place like oranges in a crate... ice. faster, and they roll over each other... water. faster still, and they fly apart... steam. 8. pump up a bike tire and the pump gets hot. squeezing the air speeds the atoms up. let the air expand and it cools, because the atoms hit a piston that gives way and lose speed. heat and cold are hiding in a bicycle pump.

Naruto

112,459 次观看 • 1 个月前