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Mudavadi referendum push: Prime CS Mudavadi makes case for 2027 referendum. Mudavadi warns of impending constitutional storm. Mudavadi says 2027 election could be nullified over boundaries Mudavadi: IEBC deadline for boundaries review has lapsed Mudavadi says NADCO issues require a referendum. He says the two-thirds gender rule must be... show more

Citizen TV Kenya

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Citizen TV Kenya

12,650 Aufrufe • vor 11 Monaten

I fully SUPPORT Mudavadi sentiments of an inclusion of a referendum question in 2027 elections -Why do we have women rep positions? Scrap this from our constitution immediately -What's two third gender rule for Parliament doing in the constitution? Strike this out immediately.

I fully SUPPORT Mudavadi sentiments of an inclusion of a referendum question in 2027 elections -Why do we have women rep positions? Scrap this from our constitution immediately -What's two third gender rule for Parliament doing in the constitution? Strike this out immediately.

Lord Abraham Mutai

11,813 Aufrufe • vor 6 Monaten

Yvonne Okwara cornered the Foreign Affairs CS Musalia Mudavadi when he tried to be smart around a question. He has been exposed for all to see

Yvonne Okwara cornered the Foreign Affairs CS Musalia Mudavadi when he tried to be smart around a question. He has been exposed for all to see

Alinur Mohamed

44,079 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr

Prime Cabinet, Musalia Mudavadi's son, Moses Mudavadi is going for Westlands MP in 2027. The boy stands out, and he has been raised and groomed well. Share widely, Westlands has got a saviour. #WestlandsNiMosesMdvd

Prime Cabinet, Musalia Mudavadi's son, Moses Mudavadi is going for Westlands MP in 2027. The boy stands out, and he has been raised and groomed well. Share widely, Westlands has got a saviour. #WestlandsNiMosesMdvd

Makhanu W. Oliver

173,276 Aufrufe • vor 4 Monaten

#BREAKING: Danielle Smith says her govt will not be moving to push for separation from Canada... But if there's a successful citizen lead petition requesting a referendum, it'll be on the ballot in 2026. Is it time for Alberta to break free of Ottawa's rule?

#BREAKING: Danielle Smith says her govt will not be moving to push for separation from Canada... But if there's a successful citizen lead petition requesting a referendum, it'll be on the ballot in 2026. Is it time for Alberta to break free of Ottawa's rule?

govt.exe is corrupt

209,452 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr

🌹👋🇨🇦⚖️ : Danielle Smith says one judge appointed by Justin Trudeau shouldn't be able to eliminate the rights of 700,000 Albertans who signed on to have a referendum on independence. If Smith fights as hard for the referendum as she has against carbon taxes and for building pipelines, the referendum vote will never happen. Smith does warn the court ruling could dramatically change how Alberta is governed.

🌹👋🇨🇦⚖️ : Danielle Smith says one judge appointed by Justin Trudeau shouldn't be able to eliminate the rights of 700,000 Albertans who signed on to have a referendum on independence. If Smith fights as hard for the referendum as she has against carbon taxes and for building pipelines, the referendum vote will never happen. Smith does warn the court ruling could dramatically change how Alberta is governed.

Bruce McGonigal

14,795 Aufrufe • vor 2 Monaten

🟢Harare lawyer Doug Coltart says despite last week's passage of Constitution Amendment Bill N0.3 and the arguments by authorities, the contentious far-reaching legislative changes need to be subjected a referendum. This is one of the most contested issues around the constitutional amendments overwhelmingly voted for by the National Assembly last week. Attorney-General Virginia Mabiza and others supporting CAB3 have steadfastly rejected the demand for a referendum, saying it is not needed in this instance.

🟢Harare lawyer Doug Coltart says despite last week's passage of Constitution Amendment Bill N0.3 and the arguments by authorities, the contentious far-reaching legislative changes need to be subjected a referendum. This is one of the most contested issues around the constitutional amendments overwhelmingly voted for by the National Assembly last week. Attorney-General Virginia Mabiza and others supporting CAB3 have steadfastly rejected the demand for a referendum, saying it is not needed in this instance.

TheNewsHawks

19,842 Aufrufe • vor 23 Tagen

The guy who set up the general election petition wants Kemi Badenoch to be prime minister & says 2.5 million people can’t be wrong🥴 Not once did Kay burley mention the mass botting & number of non uk residents voting… Or the SIX BILLION petition for a brexit referendum 😑

The guy who set up the general election petition wants Kemi Badenoch to be prime minister & says 2.5 million people can’t be wrong🥴 Not once did Kay burley mention the mass botting & number of non uk residents voting… Or the SIX BILLION petition for a brexit referendum 😑

kerry ✊💙Save Our NHS

475,001 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr

President Emmerson Mnangagwa's spokesman George Charamba, who is also the Deputy Chief Secretary, Presidential Communications in the Office of the President and Cabinet, has provoked a storm of controversy by claiming that parliament trumps a national referendum on constitutional amendment issues currently being debated through a legislative public consultation process. Mnangagwa and his party are using parliament to amend the constitution to extend his rule to 2030 and introduce a raft of other significant changes without going through a referendum, which civil society and opposition activists insist is a requirement in terms of the constitution. The 2013 constitution mandates that any extension of presidential term limits or removal of two five-year term limits must be approved by voters through a referendum. Critics say extending terms from five to seven years, or changing the electoral system constitutes a major subversion of this clause, requiring a referendum. However, Mnangagwa and his allies say a referendum is not needed as they are not removing term limits, but elongating the term lengths and changing the electoral cycle. Zanu PF says the amendment is not a change to the limit of two terms, but rather the length of each term (five to seven years), meaning a referendum is not constitutionally mandated. They say the amendments are meant to ensure political stability and remove "election mode toxicity," disrupting peace, governance and development. The debate centres over holding a referendum on the proposed amendments, specifically Constitution Amendment Bill No.3, which proposes extending Mnangagwa's tenure by two years andpresidential and parliamentary terms from five to seven years as well as changing the presidential election system from direct voting through popular franchise to indirect selection via parliament. The ruling Zanu PF party controls parliament, leading to calls for a popular referendum to approve these significant changes, which critics argue violate the 2013 constitution's democratic intent. Charamba said: “Those who were old enough to participate and follow proceedings of 2013 will know that even after the referendum, that outcome of the referendum still had to be processed through Parliament. What that means is that, a referendum does not usurp the power of Parliament. It simply provides a popular basis for legislative action. Otherwise, at law, the body which is recognized as responsible for any changes, be they at the level of the primary law or at the level of subsidiary laws, is Parliament. Right? So, really, you can't place the referendum in apposition to Parliament. You can't. You just cannot because the referendum does not give you a result that writes the constitution. It is parliament which is mandated to do so in terms of our law. So, really, there shouldn't be any argument at all in respect of that matter. Right?.”

President Emmerson Mnangagwa's spokesman George Charamba, who is also the Deputy Chief Secretary, Presidential Communications in the Office of the President and Cabinet, has provoked a storm of controversy by claiming that parliament trumps a national referendum on constitutional amendment issues currently being debated through a legislative public consultation process. Mnangagwa and his party are using parliament to amend the constitution to extend his rule to 2030 and introduce a raft of other significant changes without going through a referendum, which civil society and opposition activists insist is a requirement in terms of the constitution. The 2013 constitution mandates that any extension of presidential term limits or removal of two five-year term limits must be approved by voters through a referendum. Critics say extending terms from five to seven years, or changing the electoral system constitutes a major subversion of this clause, requiring a referendum. However, Mnangagwa and his allies say a referendum is not needed as they are not removing term limits, but elongating the term lengths and changing the electoral cycle. Zanu PF says the amendment is not a change to the limit of two terms, but rather the length of each term (five to seven years), meaning a referendum is not constitutionally mandated. They say the amendments are meant to ensure political stability and remove "election mode toxicity," disrupting peace, governance and development. The debate centres over holding a referendum on the proposed amendments, specifically Constitution Amendment Bill No.3, which proposes extending Mnangagwa's tenure by two years andpresidential and parliamentary terms from five to seven years as well as changing the presidential election system from direct voting through popular franchise to indirect selection via parliament. The ruling Zanu PF party controls parliament, leading to calls for a popular referendum to approve these significant changes, which critics argue violate the 2013 constitution's democratic intent. Charamba said: “Those who were old enough to participate and follow proceedings of 2013 will know that even after the referendum, that outcome of the referendum still had to be processed through Parliament. What that means is that, a referendum does not usurp the power of Parliament. It simply provides a popular basis for legislative action. Otherwise, at law, the body which is recognized as responsible for any changes, be they at the level of the primary law or at the level of subsidiary laws, is Parliament. Right? So, really, you can't place the referendum in apposition to Parliament. You can't. You just cannot because the referendum does not give you a result that writes the constitution. It is parliament which is mandated to do so in terms of our law. So, really, there shouldn't be any argument at all in respect of that matter. Right?.”

TheNewsHawks

16,579 Aufrufe • vor 3 Monaten

🚨Thomas Lukaszuk tells Global news that he and his Forever Canadian campaign don’t need to financially report (required under election law and as a TPA) because he now says he "isn’t campaigning". Meanwhile, Tommy boy publicly invites people to his “campaign” office, distributes campaign signage that is not compliant with Alberta Elections rules, and advertises and speaks about the referendum he asked for, posting on X and telling CTV that; • “We transformed into a referendum campaign force.” • “There will be a referendum.” • “We have to win this referendum.” Many are now wondering how long Elections Alberta will permit the mockery of Albertas democratic institutions. Lie, cheat, and steal has sadly become a very Canadian representation for Albertans whose eyes are open. Forever Canadian, and those associated with it are apparently Forever Corrupt.

🚨Thomas Lukaszuk tells Global news that he and his Forever Canadian campaign don’t need to financially report (required under election law and as a TPA) because he now says he "isn’t campaigning". Meanwhile, Tommy boy publicly invites people to his “campaign” office, distributes campaign signage that is not compliant with Alberta Elections rules, and advertises and speaks about the referendum he asked for, posting on X and telling CTV that; • “We transformed into a referendum campaign force.” • “There will be a referendum.” • “We have to win this referendum.” Many are now wondering how long Elections Alberta will permit the mockery of Albertas democratic institutions. Lie, cheat, and steal has sadly become a very Canadian representation for Albertans whose eyes are open. Forever Canadian, and those associated with it are apparently Forever Corrupt.

John Tomkinson

38,293 Aufrufe • vor 4 Tagen

I have been in touch with some Kenyans who are in the Russian military. Our embassy in Moscow has refused to help them, and today they asked me to release their names: 1. Nicholas Kaino Kiprotich 2. Samuel Maina Kariuki 3. Kelvin Lemashon They are in Taunishevka, Western Russia, waiting to be deployed. None of their friends who have been sent to the frontline has come back alive. The video below is from a group of Kenyans before they were deployed; two of them, David and Reuben, are dead. Over to you Musalia W Mudavadi State Department for Foreign Affairs | Kenya Korir Sing'Oei

I have been in touch with some Kenyans who are in the Russian military. Our embassy in Moscow has refused to help them, and today they asked me to release their names: 1. Nicholas Kaino Kiprotich 2. Samuel Maina Kariuki 3. Kelvin Lemashon They are in Taunishevka, Western Russia, waiting to be deployed. None of their friends who have been sent to the frontline has come back alive. The video below is from a group of Kenyans before they were deployed; two of them, David and Reuben, are dead. Over to you Musalia W Mudavadi State Department for Foreign Affairs | Kenya Korir Sing'Oei

The People’s President

205,207 Aufrufe • vor 5 Monaten

"Consequences need to be serious" for the Chinese hacking of U.S. telecom companies, says Sen. Mark Kelly (D-AZ), and there also must be a way to "get them off of" the infrastructure that has been hacked. "Some of this is going to require that the telecom companies upgrade their infrastructure — that could be costly," he says. "We're working with them to do that."

"Consequences need to be serious" for the Chinese hacking of U.S. telecom companies, says Sen. Mark Kelly (D-AZ), and there also must be a way to "get them off of" the infrastructure that has been hacked. "Some of this is going to require that the telecom companies upgrade their infrastructure — that could be costly," he says. "We're working with them to do that."

Face The Nation

26,034 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr

#ThereWillBeNoElectionsInZimIn2028 Local Government minister Daniel Garwe says Zimbabwe will not hold general elections as constitutionally scheduled in 2028. Garwe, President Emmerson Mnangagwa’s close political ally, says elections will not be held until 2030. However, the constitution requires that elections are held every five years in Zimbabwe. Garwe's remarks indicates that Zanu PF is persisting with its agenda to postpone elections, something which may require a constitutional amendment. Zanu PF is trying to use parliament to postpone elections to avoid amending presidential terms to extend Mnangagwa’s rule as that requires a referendum or referenda, which it fears. A referendum to change or remove presidential terms may end up as a referendum on Mnangagwa and Zanu PF itself. Some lawyers say using parliament to postpone elections will be tantamount to a coup against the constitution. This comes ahead of the ruling Zanu PF's annual conference at Mutare Polytechnic from 13-18 October where Mnangagwa’s allies plan to use the gathering to push the 2030 agenda. Mnangagwa’s close allies are vigorously lobbying for him to extend his rule beyond his 2028 second term constitutional limit to 2030. While Mnangagwa says he not interested in clinging to power by extending his rule, his allies insist he must stay in office longer in power. The 2030 saga is part of the ongoing raging succession battle between Mnangagwa and Vice-President Constantino Chiwenga, who wants to come in at all costs.

#ThereWillBeNoElectionsInZimIn2028 Local Government minister Daniel Garwe says Zimbabwe will not hold general elections as constitutionally scheduled in 2028. Garwe, President Emmerson Mnangagwa’s close political ally, says elections will not be held until 2030. However, the constitution requires that elections are held every five years in Zimbabwe. Garwe's remarks indicates that Zanu PF is persisting with its agenda to postpone elections, something which may require a constitutional amendment. Zanu PF is trying to use parliament to postpone elections to avoid amending presidential terms to extend Mnangagwa’s rule as that requires a referendum or referenda, which it fears. A referendum to change or remove presidential terms may end up as a referendum on Mnangagwa and Zanu PF itself. Some lawyers say using parliament to postpone elections will be tantamount to a coup against the constitution. This comes ahead of the ruling Zanu PF's annual conference at Mutare Polytechnic from 13-18 October where Mnangagwa’s allies plan to use the gathering to push the 2030 agenda. Mnangagwa’s close allies are vigorously lobbying for him to extend his rule beyond his 2028 second term constitutional limit to 2030. While Mnangagwa says he not interested in clinging to power by extending his rule, his allies insist he must stay in office longer in power. The 2030 saga is part of the ongoing raging succession battle between Mnangagwa and Vice-President Constantino Chiwenga, who wants to come in at all costs.

TheNewsHawks

17,596 Aufrufe • vor 10 Monaten

⚜️🌹🗳️🇨🇦 : Bloc Québécois MP Christine Normandin asks Mark Carney if he will allow a referendum on separation. Mark Carney says in order for there to be a referendum to leave Canada, you first must have a majority vote showing people want a referendum. Clearly the rules have changed & grassroots movements that took in over 700K signatures, like in Alberta, were pointless. Now democracy means whatever Mark Carney decides it means. This is exactly why we need Provincial leaders who can stand up to Ottawa. Something desperately lacking in Canada. Democratic & basic human rights keep changing for average citizens. All while the government assumes an autocratic style of governance that makes democracy pointless. We are being slow walked out of a democracy folks. There is no other way to look at it.

⚜️🌹🗳️🇨🇦 : Bloc Québécois MP Christine Normandin asks Mark Carney if he will allow a referendum on separation. Mark Carney says in order for there to be a referendum to leave Canada, you first must have a majority vote showing people want a referendum. Clearly the rules have changed & grassroots movements that took in over 700K signatures, like in Alberta, were pointless. Now democracy means whatever Mark Carney decides it means. This is exactly why we need Provincial leaders who can stand up to Ottawa. Something desperately lacking in Canada. Democratic & basic human rights keep changing for average citizens. All while the government assumes an autocratic style of governance that makes democracy pointless. We are being slow walked out of a democracy folks. There is no other way to look at it.

Bruce McGonigal

41,087 Aufrufe • vor 1 Monat

BBC News at 10, "The Mayor of London Sir Sadiq Khan says Labour should promise to take the UK back into the European Union at the next general election" Chris Mason, "He said Labour should advocate rejoining the EU at the next election" "And the party should take the UK into the Customs Union and Single Market before the next general election" "Sir Sadiq Khan implying that it may not be necessary to have a referendum, and a vote for Labour to win could be enough to rejoin"

BBC News at 10, "The Mayor of London Sir Sadiq Khan says Labour should promise to take the UK back into the European Union at the next general election" Chris Mason, "He said Labour should advocate rejoining the EU at the next election" "And the party should take the UK into the Customs Union and Single Market before the next general election" "Sir Sadiq Khan implying that it may not be necessary to have a referendum, and a vote for Labour to win could be enough to rejoin"

Farrukh

91,371 Aufrufe • vor 3 Monaten

His name is Gyanesh Kumar. He can't be pressured. TENSION B/W Election Commission of India & TMC ESCALATES! "Don't threaten, influence booth officials": ECI to TMC after meeting over SIR, BLO suicides. Writes to Bengal DGP & Kolkata Police Commissioner to ensure. ECI has given ultimatum to GMC against influencing or threatening BLOs, following meeting with its delegation over SIR. Law Says- 'President Rule can be imposed in case of Constitutional Breakdown'. SIR IS CONSTITUTIONAL EXERCISE. ANY OBSTRUCTION TO IT CAN BE TERMED 'BREAKDOWN OF CONSTITUTIONAL MACHINERY'. Just for ur knowledge!

His name is Gyanesh Kumar. He can't be pressured. TENSION B/W Election Commission of India & TMC ESCALATES! "Don't threaten, influence booth officials": ECI to TMC after meeting over SIR, BLO suicides. Writes to Bengal DGP & Kolkata Police Commissioner to ensure. ECI has given ultimatum to GMC against influencing or threatening BLOs, following meeting with its delegation over SIR. Law Says- 'President Rule can be imposed in case of Constitutional Breakdown'. SIR IS CONSTITUTIONAL EXERCISE. ANY OBSTRUCTION TO IT CAN BE TERMED 'BREAKDOWN OF CONSTITUTIONAL MACHINERY'. Just for ur knowledge!

BhikuMhatre

77,866 Aufrufe • vor 7 Monaten

🇺🇸 🇮🇱 Marjorie Taylor Greene says there are only 2 explanations for Trump, and both run through Israel. Asked if Trump could be acting under pressure, MTG laid out two options and nothing in between: either somebody's holding Epstein or a threat on his life over him after Butler, or he's "literally serving the government of Israel." Her case? The hundreds of millions from Miriam Adelson, a lobbying machine that never sleeps, and 2027 NDAA provisions she says would bind the US military to Israel for good. She says she watched the whole thing unfold from the inside. Marjorie Taylor Greene 🇺🇸

🇺🇸 🇮🇱 Marjorie Taylor Greene says there are only 2 explanations for Trump, and both run through Israel. Asked if Trump could be acting under pressure, MTG laid out two options and nothing in between: either somebody's holding Epstein or a threat on his life over him after Butler, or he's "literally serving the government of Israel." Her case? The hundreds of millions from Miriam Adelson, a lobbying machine that never sleeps, and 2027 NDAA provisions she says would bind the US military to Israel for good. She says she watched the whole thing unfold from the inside. Marjorie Taylor Greene 🇺🇸

Mario Nawfal

57,089 Aufrufe • vor 28 Tagen

I have listened to the debate on Constitutional Amendment Bill No. 3 between legal scholar Dr Justice Mavedzenge and political scientist Prof Jonathan Moyo today on Twitter. Without any doubt, Dr Justice Mavedzenge explained, clarified, and made ordinary people understand the issues, and more importantly, in my humble view, he won the debate on whether there is need for Constitutional Amendment Bill No. 3 to be subjected to a referendum or not. Anything done for the people, as Prof Jonathan Moyo says these monumental amendments are, should be subjected to the people. The Constitution is not ambiguous on this. It is clear that term limits should be subjected to a referendum for any change to be done legally. Under Section 328 of the Constitution of Zimbabwe, any amendment that seeks to extend the length of time a President may hold office, or to remove or alter term limits in a way that benefits an incumbent, cannot apply to the sitting President and must be subjected to constitutional safeguards. You cannot claim to be doing something for the people and yet deny those same people the right to have a say. Prof Jonathan Moyo has a right to his views, but those views must be subjected to the law for the amendments to be implemented legally, and based on what I have read in our Constitution, his views are not aligned with the law. And I am not making this up. It is in the Constitution. Even veteran Zimbabwean lawyer and former ZANUPF legal secretary, Patrick Chinamasa, has said so. In this video, he explains in front of President Mnangagwa that what they are attempting to do today, which Prof Jonathan Moyo argues does not require a referendum, would in fact require two referendums. One to remove or alter presidential term limits from five to seven years, and another to extend the sitting president’s tenure to 2030. This position was declared, and not contradicted, at a ZANUPF conference in Bulawayo. What the broader legal fraternity in Zimbabwe is saying, save for a few lawyers who have since revised their positions and now echo the same view, is that the Constitution is explicit on these prescripts. Anything else is political propaganda to win hearts and minds. The problem with propaganda is that it cannot be anchored in constitutional provisions. It rests on opinion. In this instance, however, we are not expressing opinions. We are stating what is contained in the Constitution and what ZANUPF itself has previously acknowledged. You can decide today that you want a 20-year presidential term. That is your right to hold that view, but you must subject that proposition to the law. If you believe in it, take it to the citizens in the manner prescribed by the Constitution. You cannot decide, through opinion or political argument, whether a referendum is required or not. That question is not settled by what anyone thinks. It is settled by what the law says. If the Constitution requires a referendum, then you must subject yourself to it. That is how constitutional democracy works. We know that the judiciary in Zimbabwe is captured. We know how they are going to rule, but the whole world knows the truth, that if they rule in favour of these amendments going ahead without a referendum, they are simply a captured judiciary without the respect that is required for anyone holding such an important office, and history will remember them as such.

I have listened to the debate on Constitutional Amendment Bill No. 3 between legal scholar Dr Justice Mavedzenge and political scientist Prof Jonathan Moyo today on Twitter. Without any doubt, Dr Justice Mavedzenge explained, clarified, and made ordinary people understand the issues, and more importantly, in my humble view, he won the debate on whether there is need for Constitutional Amendment Bill No. 3 to be subjected to a referendum or not. Anything done for the people, as Prof Jonathan Moyo says these monumental amendments are, should be subjected to the people. The Constitution is not ambiguous on this. It is clear that term limits should be subjected to a referendum for any change to be done legally. Under Section 328 of the Constitution of Zimbabwe, any amendment that seeks to extend the length of time a President may hold office, or to remove or alter term limits in a way that benefits an incumbent, cannot apply to the sitting President and must be subjected to constitutional safeguards. You cannot claim to be doing something for the people and yet deny those same people the right to have a say. Prof Jonathan Moyo has a right to his views, but those views must be subjected to the law for the amendments to be implemented legally, and based on what I have read in our Constitution, his views are not aligned with the law. And I am not making this up. It is in the Constitution. Even veteran Zimbabwean lawyer and former ZANUPF legal secretary, Patrick Chinamasa, has said so. In this video, he explains in front of President Mnangagwa that what they are attempting to do today, which Prof Jonathan Moyo argues does not require a referendum, would in fact require two referendums. One to remove or alter presidential term limits from five to seven years, and another to extend the sitting president’s tenure to 2030. This position was declared, and not contradicted, at a ZANUPF conference in Bulawayo. What the broader legal fraternity in Zimbabwe is saying, save for a few lawyers who have since revised their positions and now echo the same view, is that the Constitution is explicit on these prescripts. Anything else is political propaganda to win hearts and minds. The problem with propaganda is that it cannot be anchored in constitutional provisions. It rests on opinion. In this instance, however, we are not expressing opinions. We are stating what is contained in the Constitution and what ZANUPF itself has previously acknowledged. You can decide today that you want a 20-year presidential term. That is your right to hold that view, but you must subject that proposition to the law. If you believe in it, take it to the citizens in the manner prescribed by the Constitution. You cannot decide, through opinion or political argument, whether a referendum is required or not. That question is not settled by what anyone thinks. It is settled by what the law says. If the Constitution requires a referendum, then you must subject yourself to it. That is how constitutional democracy works. We know that the judiciary in Zimbabwe is captured. We know how they are going to rule, but the whole world knows the truth, that if they rule in favour of these amendments going ahead without a referendum, they are simply a captured judiciary without the respect that is required for anyone holding such an important office, and history will remember them as such.

Hopewell Chin’ono

62,293 Aufrufe • vor 4 Monaten