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NEW PHYSICS! ANY "GENIUSES" OUT THERE WILL HAVE A CHANCE TO PROPOSE THE FIRST THEORY, TO EXPLAIN THESE NOVEL OBSERVATIONS. In many previous videos, I showed you how a permanent disc-magnet spins in the SAME direction as a 3-phase magnetic field (placed below), and rises up. What happens if...

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Red Collie (Dr. Horace Drew) scientist/inventor

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26,727 Aufrufe • vor 11 Monaten •via X (Twitter)

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I did a final test today of the Russian "Graviflyer" device, promoted widely on the Internet as a "real" anti-gravity lifter. We used 3-phase wire coils instead of DC motors to make the two magnetic discs spin. As shown in the movie below, it was a "nice build", but showed no anti-gravity effects at all. Two counter-spinning N-S-N-S discs. An aluminum plate between them. 20 Hertz (1200 rpm) for each magnetic disc, whether clockwise or anti-clockwise. Nil. Zilch. Nada. Back to "vortex mechanics"! 🛸
1:52

I did a final test today of the Russian "Graviflyer" device, promoted widely on the Internet as a "real" anti-gravity lifter. We used 3-phase wire coils instead of DC motors to make the two magnetic discs spin. As shown in the movie below, it was a "nice build", but showed no anti-gravity effects at all. Two counter-spinning N-S-N-S discs. An aluminum plate between them. 20 Hertz (1200 rpm) for each magnetic disc, whether clockwise or anti-clockwise. Nil. Zilch. Nada. Back to "vortex mechanics"! 🛸

Red Collie (Dr. Horace Drew) scientist/inventor

15,033 Aufrufe • vor 2 Monaten

While we study the physics of "spin" and "counter-spin" as used for UFO levitation, we may wish to review current knowledge of "spin" and "counter-spin" in more well-known systems, say those used in hoverboards! In this (old) video, you can see how the fast spin of a lower flywheel with 6 N-S-N-S-N-S magnets (similar to what we have found for the lower flywheel of our UFO model) produces Lenz-inductive spin and/or rise of an aluminum disc placed above. If we use a drive-motor to "spin" that aluminum disc in one direction, while we "counter-spin" those N-S-N-S-N-S magnets in the other direction, then we get greatly enhanced repulsions due to fast RELATIVE motions! Such physics may be relevant to UFO flight, so we can study it and contemplate possibilities.🛸
4:31

While we study the physics of "spin" and "counter-spin" as used for UFO levitation, we may wish to review current knowledge of "spin" and "counter-spin" in more well-known systems, say those used in hoverboards! In this (old) video, you can see how the fast spin of a lower flywheel with 6 N-S-N-S-N-S magnets (similar to what we have found for the lower flywheel of our UFO model) produces Lenz-inductive spin and/or rise of an aluminum disc placed above. If we use a drive-motor to "spin" that aluminum disc in one direction, while we "counter-spin" those N-S-N-S-N-S magnets in the other direction, then we get greatly enhanced repulsions due to fast RELATIVE motions! Such physics may be relevant to UFO flight, so we can study it and contemplate possibilities.🛸

Red Collie (Dr. Horace Drew) scientist/inventor

52,461 Aufrufe • vor 6 Monaten

Ever wondered how a motor can spin without any wires actually touching the moving part?✍️ ε = -N (ΔΦ / Δt) This is a Three-Phase Induction Motor. By using alternating current, it creates a rotating magnetic field that drags the non-magnetic rotor along via electromagnetic induction. Since the aluminum only moves to oppose the changing field, you get high-efficiency, low-friction rotation used in everything from factory tech to EVs. (📽️Credit; physicsisfun_official/Yt )
1:19

Ever wondered how a motor can spin without any wires actually touching the moving part?✍️ ε = -N (ΔΦ / Δt) This is a Three-Phase Induction Motor. By using alternating current, it creates a rotating magnetic field that drags the non-magnetic rotor along via electromagnetic induction. Since the aluminum only moves to oppose the changing field, you get high-efficiency, low-friction rotation used in everything from factory tech to EVs. (📽️Credit; physicsisfun_official/Yt )

Philosophy Of Physics

43,590 Aufrufe • vor 4 Monaten

It is hard to understand "UFO physics", because many aspects of that technology disagree with what we know about magnetic physics, from previous experiments here on Earth! For example, when a spinning flywheel with 4 NNNN magnets reaches a spin frequency of 10 Hz (or 20 Hz for a flywheel with 8 NSNSNSNS magnets), it creates a non-magnetic STASIS FIELD in its center, where anti-clockwise spin and clockwise counter-spin forces seem to CANCEL or COLLIDE. This may be involved in some way with UFO physics, but since we have never seen it before, we find it hard to understand how it works, or what to do next! The 'Great Professors" in our Schools do not have a clue. Your A.I. devices do not have a clue either. Clowns to the left, jokers to the right. I will keep trying.
1:27

It is hard to understand "UFO physics", because many aspects of that technology disagree with what we know about magnetic physics, from previous experiments here on Earth! For example, when a spinning flywheel with 4 NNNN magnets reaches a spin frequency of 10 Hz (or 20 Hz for a flywheel with 8 NSNSNSNS magnets), it creates a non-magnetic STASIS FIELD in its center, where anti-clockwise spin and clockwise counter-spin forces seem to CANCEL or COLLIDE. This may be involved in some way with UFO physics, but since we have never seen it before, we find it hard to understand how it works, or what to do next! The 'Great Professors" in our Schools do not have a clue. Your A.I. devices do not have a clue either. Clowns to the left, jokers to the right. I will keep trying.

Red Collie (Dr. Horace Drew) scientist/inventor

14,654 Aufrufe • vor 29 Tagen

Here we see a sneak peek of a demonstration included in the science shows presented to #CERNScienceGateway visitors. In the video, we see a superconducting train advancing on tracks made of magnets. The train contains a disc made from a special ceramic called YBCO. By pouring liquid nitrogen on the disc, we cool it down to almost -196°C. At this temperature, the YBCO disc enters a superconducting state, changing its properties considerably. This phenomenon is called the flux-pinning effect – the disc gets “stuck” in the tracks’ magnetic field, causing the train to levitate and allowing it to move along the axis of the tracks. Join us at #CERNScienceGateway to learn more about how superconductors are used at CERN:
0:54

Here we see a sneak peek of a demonstration included in the science shows presented to #CERNScienceGateway visitors. In the video, we see a superconducting train advancing on tracks made of magnets. The train contains a disc made from a special ceramic called YBCO. By pouring liquid nitrogen on the disc, we cool it down to almost -196°C. At this temperature, the YBCO disc enters a superconducting state, changing its properties considerably. This phenomenon is called the flux-pinning effect – the disc gets “stuck” in the tracks’ magnetic field, causing the train to levitate and allowing it to move along the axis of the tracks. Join us at #CERNScienceGateway to learn more about how superconductors are used at CERN:

CERN

51,896 Aufrufe • vor 2 Jahren

Here is an update on what I did in the lab today. We are getting an incredible amount of information about UFO physics from our crop-artist friends. Today I assembled approximately half of the required device with some accuracy. Next I will study 3-phase lift by a spinning vortex magnetic field. Interestingly they told us in June, that their big spaceship flies using a 3-phase, switched reluctance motor for that essential part of the drive! Three copper wire coils imbedded within a laminated iron stator. I am not planning to use a reluctance motor, since they are not easy to build. Yet we have to wonder whether we might need a "rotating para-magnetic field" (with soft iron), as well as a "rotating magnetic field" (made by three copper-wire coils), to get anti-gravity effects? More experiments soon! The stars can be ours. I am working as fast as I can, while most of the world sleeps, or look at their mobile phones.
6:46

Here is an update on what I did in the lab today. We are getting an incredible amount of information about UFO physics from our crop-artist friends. Today I assembled approximately half of the required device with some accuracy. Next I will study 3-phase lift by a spinning vortex magnetic field. Interestingly they told us in June, that their big spaceship flies using a 3-phase, switched reluctance motor for that essential part of the drive! Three copper wire coils imbedded within a laminated iron stator. I am not planning to use a reluctance motor, since they are not easy to build. Yet we have to wonder whether we might need a "rotating para-magnetic field" (with soft iron), as well as a "rotating magnetic field" (made by three copper-wire coils), to get anti-gravity effects? More experiments soon! The stars can be ours. I am working as fast as I can, while most of the world sleeps, or look at their mobile phones.

Red Collie (Dr. Horace Drew) scientist/inventor

17,777 Aufrufe • vor 1 Monat

Robert F Kennedy Jr: "We've been inducing allergies by pumping them full of Aluminum" RFK Jr gives a birds eye view of how allergies are induced AT WILL by linking the target protein to the Aluminum adjuvant from the Hep B vaccine. "How do they give the allergy to the rat? They take the aluminum adjuvant from the hepatitis B vaccine adjuvant, add a latex molecule, and that rat now has a permanent latex allergy". Robert F Kennedy Jr (Transcript): "Here's something people should know: Aluminum provokes an allergic response, and that's why it's valuable." "If you put aluminum in with the viral antigen, your body now mounts an allergic response to that viral antigen, whether it's polio, hepatitis B, HPV, or whatever. But what we now now, the science suggests, is that aluminum also creates allergic responses to anything that's in the ambient environment." "So, if you have a peanut oil excipient in that vaccine with aluminum, you could have a lifetime allergy to peanuts. If there’s a Timothy weed outbreak the week you get that aluminum vaccine, you may have a lifetime allergy to Timothy weed." "That’s probably why—there's two studies by Moss and Cowlings, which show that children who are vaccinated with aluminum vaccines, have 30 times the rate of allergic rhinitis as kids who don't." "These food allergy epidemics date to when we started giving kids aluminum." "My kids have these allergies. I’m one of the founders of the Food Allergy Initiative and the Food Allergy Network, which is the biggest food allergy research group. That group have scientists from all over the world who are giving food allergies to rats and then figuring out how to treat them." "How do they give allergies to rats? They take aluminum from the hepatitis B vaccine adjuvant, add a latex molecule, and the rat has a permanent latex allergy. Add a peanut molecule, it has a permanent peanut allergy. Add a dairy molecule, it now has a permanent dairy allergy." "So you wonder why this generation of children is allergic to everything? It’s because we’ve been inducing allergies by pumping them full of aluminum. Mikhaila Peterson: "That’s crazy.".
2:24

Robert F Kennedy Jr: "We've been inducing allergies by pumping them full of Aluminum" RFK Jr gives a birds eye view of how allergies are induced AT WILL by linking the target protein to the Aluminum adjuvant from the Hep B vaccine. "How do they give the allergy to the rat? They take the aluminum adjuvant from the hepatitis B vaccine adjuvant, add a latex molecule, and that rat now has a permanent latex allergy". Robert F Kennedy Jr (Transcript): "Here's something people should know: Aluminum provokes an allergic response, and that's why it's valuable." "If you put aluminum in with the viral antigen, your body now mounts an allergic response to that viral antigen, whether it's polio, hepatitis B, HPV, or whatever. But what we now now, the science suggests, is that aluminum also creates allergic responses to anything that's in the ambient environment." "So, if you have a peanut oil excipient in that vaccine with aluminum, you could have a lifetime allergy to peanuts. If there’s a Timothy weed outbreak the week you get that aluminum vaccine, you may have a lifetime allergy to Timothy weed." "That’s probably why—there's two studies by Moss and Cowlings, which show that children who are vaccinated with aluminum vaccines, have 30 times the rate of allergic rhinitis as kids who don't." "These food allergy epidemics date to when we started giving kids aluminum." "My kids have these allergies. I’m one of the founders of the Food Allergy Initiative and the Food Allergy Network, which is the biggest food allergy research group. That group have scientists from all over the world who are giving food allergies to rats and then figuring out how to treat them." "How do they give allergies to rats? They take aluminum from the hepatitis B vaccine adjuvant, add a latex molecule, and the rat has a permanent latex allergy. Add a peanut molecule, it has a permanent peanut allergy. Add a dairy molecule, it now has a permanent dairy allergy." "So you wonder why this generation of children is allergic to everything? It’s because we’ve been inducing allergies by pumping them full of aluminum. Mikhaila Peterson: "That’s crazy.".

Humanspective

548,517 Aufrufe • vor 11 Monaten

🔄✨Energy Field✨🔄 The human body is surrounded by an electrical etheric atmosphere that extends 3-9 feet in circumference. This is the “vibe” we sense when meeting someone. Our mind and emotions have mental control over this etheric energy field. A weaker field makes us more susceptible to disease and negative energy. To maintain a strong field, we must think, feel, and eat correctly, as food carries magnetic energy that charges our batteries. When the magnetic field dies, so does the human body. Learn more:
0:59

🔄✨Energy Field✨🔄 The human body is surrounded by an electrical etheric atmosphere that extends 3-9 feet in circumference. This is the “vibe” we sense when meeting someone. Our mind and emotions have mental control over this etheric energy field. A weaker field makes us more susceptible to disease and negative energy. To maintain a strong field, we must think, feel, and eat correctly, as food carries magnetic energy that charges our batteries. When the magnetic field dies, so does the human body. Learn more:

vegastar

81,039 Aufrufe • vor 2 Jahren

This video could also help you. To check accident history we will need a copy of the disc and we can tell you if it’s been in an accident. We then can run a diagnostic as well which is very important. We would be able to pick up if those airbags have been deployed in the past.
8:30

This video could also help you. To check accident history we will need a copy of the disc and we can tell you if it’s been in an accident. We then can run a diagnostic as well which is very important. We would be able to pick up if those airbags have been deployed in the past.

VIEW4YOU

60,845 Aufrufe • vor 8 Monaten

XBOX CEO Asha Sharma says that gamers want physical media, so they are announcing when you purchase a game you get both They are keeping physical discs, and when you buy one it will come with a digital entitlement How it will work: - Put the disc in an Xbox that has a disc drive - Launch the game - Claim a digital license on your Xbox account - After that, you can play the game without putting the disc in, the disk will still work like a normal game disk The digital license is tied to that specific disc, not permanently locked to you forever If you sell or give the disc away and the new owner inserts it and claims it, the digital license moves to their account and comes off yours This is the way it would be. Getting both physical media and digital media that you can own and sell Launch is with 1,000 games and more coming later
1:39

XBOX CEO Asha Sharma says that gamers want physical media, so they are announcing when you purchase a game you get both They are keeping physical discs, and when you buy one it will come with a digital entitlement How it will work: - Put the disc in an Xbox that has a disc drive - Launch the game - Claim a digital license on your Xbox account - After that, you can play the game without putting the disc in, the disk will still work like a normal game disk The digital license is tied to that specific disc, not permanently locked to you forever If you sell or give the disc away and the new owner inserts it and claims it, the digital license moves to their account and comes off yours This is the way it would be. Getting both physical media and digital media that you can own and sell Launch is with 1,000 games and more coming later

Wall Street Apes

1,480,676 Aufrufe • vor 15 Tagen

🚨 The aluminum they use in vaccines is NOT the natural kind from the earth, present in food… They chemically process aluminum in a lab & manufacture a highly processed, unnatural compound. Then inject it directly into your bloodstream. Your body doesn’t know what to do & freaks out. And that’s the INTENDED result, that’s exactly why they alter the aluminum — so your body will mount an immune response. The immune response is toward that unnatural aluminum compound, plus the dead virus (vax), plus other things present in the vax & the environment that day (eggs, pollen, many other things). Now, we have an Epidemic of allergies, autism & more… & there’s data showing the “aluminum” in vaxes may be the cause. The unnatural form of aluminum + an unnatural route of exposure — injected vs. oral — cause havoc in the body & brain. Take a look at the following study that was designed to mimic the exact amount of aluminum used in current childhood vax schedule (scaled to a mouse)... it caused alarming damage to the brain. And a dozen other studies showing how harmful this injected “aluminum” is. Next tweets in this thread, below ⬇️
1:21

🚨 The aluminum they use in vaccines is NOT the natural kind from the earth, present in food… They chemically process aluminum in a lab & manufacture a highly processed, unnatural compound. Then inject it directly into your bloodstream. Your body doesn’t know what to do & freaks out. And that’s the INTENDED result, that’s exactly why they alter the aluminum — so your body will mount an immune response. The immune response is toward that unnatural aluminum compound, plus the dead virus (vax), plus other things present in the vax & the environment that day (eggs, pollen, many other things). Now, we have an Epidemic of allergies, autism & more… & there’s data showing the “aluminum” in vaxes may be the cause. The unnatural form of aluminum + an unnatural route of exposure — injected vs. oral — cause havoc in the body & brain. Take a look at the following study that was designed to mimic the exact amount of aluminum used in current childhood vax schedule (scaled to a mouse)... it caused alarming damage to the brain. And a dozen other studies showing how harmful this injected “aluminum” is. Next tweets in this thread, below ⬇️

Natural Immunity FTW

18,484 Aufrufe • vor 2 Monaten

Do you "get" it yet? THIS is how it is done. 🛸 9 wire coils around the outside are given 3-phase power in series as U-V-W-U-V-W-U-V-W. That causes a ring of 24 small magnets arranged as NN-SS-NN-SS-NN-SS-etc to spin rapidly in a direction opposite to the rotating magnetic field, so as to provide counter-spin, relative to another magnet which is spinning forward and upward at the center of the craft. More lab videos soon! Waiting for parts to arrive. Many thanks to Normal Paulsen and Thomas Valone.
0:10

Do you "get" it yet? THIS is how it is done. 🛸 9 wire coils around the outside are given 3-phase power in series as U-V-W-U-V-W-U-V-W. That causes a ring of 24 small magnets arranged as NN-SS-NN-SS-NN-SS-etc to spin rapidly in a direction opposite to the rotating magnetic field, so as to provide counter-spin, relative to another magnet which is spinning forward and upward at the center of the craft. More lab videos soon! Waiting for parts to arrive. Many thanks to Normal Paulsen and Thomas Valone.

Red Collie (Dr. Horace Drew) scientist/inventor

38,006 Aufrufe • vor 6 Monaten

In all four of these great videos from 1970, Laithwaite showed that rotation of a special kind (called "precession") can lift against downward gravity, and even more so when the speed of rotation is increased! We have been using 3-phase power to make disc magnets spin rapidly, around and up a pole. Yet those changes only increase gravitational "potential" energy, and do not act continuously against gravity itself (as we need for a "flying UFO"). None of the systems studied by Laithwaite were "magnetic". He used a power-drill to make his gyroscopes spin. Our 3-phase systems are of course more elegant, but still we can learn a lot about gravity physics, by studying Laithwaite's old results! I will be trying next to incorporate his proven anti-gravity methods into our model devices, but am not yet sure how to do it. It is an "alien IQ test", one might say. We have to "solve" that test to "fly". 🛸
0:39

In all four of these great videos from 1970, Laithwaite showed that rotation of a special kind (called "precession") can lift against downward gravity, and even more so when the speed of rotation is increased! We have been using 3-phase power to make disc magnets spin rapidly, around and up a pole. Yet those changes only increase gravitational "potential" energy, and do not act continuously against gravity itself (as we need for a "flying UFO"). None of the systems studied by Laithwaite were "magnetic". He used a power-drill to make his gyroscopes spin. Our 3-phase systems are of course more elegant, but still we can learn a lot about gravity physics, by studying Laithwaite's old results! I will be trying next to incorporate his proven anti-gravity methods into our model devices, but am not yet sure how to do it. It is an "alien IQ test", one might say. We have to "solve" that test to "fly". 🛸

Red Collie (Dr. Horace Drew) scientist/inventor

12,810 Aufrufe • vor 4 Monaten

About 41,000 years ago, during the Laschamp Geomagnetic Excursion, Earth's magnetic field weakened drastically, dropping to just 5% of its current strength. This means that Earth’s natural magnetic shield, which normally protects us from harmful space radiation, was almost entirely gone. The magnetic field lines (seen as white or blue strands) became twisted and chaotic, showing how disordered the field became during the excursion. Normally, these lines flow smoothly from pole to pole, but during this event, they bent, broke, and tangled. The Earth turns red in the visualization, indicating an extremely weak magnetic field. The red color means the planet was barely protected from solar and cosmic radiation. This visualization was created by scientists from DTU and GFZ using data from ESA’s Swarm mission. It includes a stereo soundscape and a visual tracing of the magnetic field lines. This event caused abrupt climate change and mass extinction, and the same thing is happening today!
1:20

About 41,000 years ago, during the Laschamp Geomagnetic Excursion, Earth's magnetic field weakened drastically, dropping to just 5% of its current strength. This means that Earth’s natural magnetic shield, which normally protects us from harmful space radiation, was almost entirely gone. The magnetic field lines (seen as white or blue strands) became twisted and chaotic, showing how disordered the field became during the excursion. Normally, these lines flow smoothly from pole to pole, but during this event, they bent, broke, and tangled. The Earth turns red in the visualization, indicating an extremely weak magnetic field. The red color means the planet was barely protected from solar and cosmic radiation. This visualization was created by scientists from DTU and GFZ using data from ESA’s Swarm mission. It includes a stereo soundscape and a visual tracing of the magnetic field lines. This event caused abrupt climate change and mass extinction, and the same thing is happening today!

Open Minded Approach

49,488 Aufrufe • vor 11 Monaten

For decades, biologists argued that birds migrate using magnetic fields, and that cryptochrome proteins in their eyes help them figure out where to fly. But the evidence for this has always been flimsy. In 1972, Wolfgang and Roswitha Wiltschko captured migratory European robins, put them in cages, covered the cages with a blanket, and wrapped electric coils around them. Once the birds lost their view of the sky, they still tried to move, or "hop," in the direction of their normal migration route. But when the Wiltschkos flipped the magnetic field around, the robins started hopping in random directions. They took this as evidence that, somehow, birds migrate using a magnetic sense. (Not bad!) In 2000, three theoretical biophysicists in Illinois, Ritz, Adem, and Schulten, proposed a mechanism for that magnetic sense. They argued that when blue light hits a receptor in the eye, it might create something called a "radical pair," locking two electrons into a spin state that a magnetic field could then nudge. They suggested that cryptochromes, light-sensitive proteins in the retina, might be responsible. (Speculative!) And then, in 2021, researchers apparently confirmed this! They took cryptochrome proteins from a type of migratory robin and put them in a test tube. They shone blue light at the proteins and found that this light induced them to form that transient "radical pair" state. And finally, they showed that magnetic fields could change this photochemistry where, in the presence of a magnetic field, the proteins formed fewer of these radical pairs, because the field forced a larger fraction of the excited molecules to ‘collapse’ back to their resting state. The experiment they used to measure this, though, has almost nothing to do with biology. You literally isolate the proteins, bombard them with a blue laser and, after each pulse, measure how much light the proteins absorb. For the robin cryptochrome protein, adding a magnetic field changed the absorbance *slightly.* But here’s the caveat: All of this was done in vitro, in a test tube, in a water-based buffer (rather than a cell). And, even worse, the experiment was done at 5 degrees Celsius (waaaay colder than the bird’s normal temperature) and at a low pH. And even after all this tinkering, they still *barely* saw a magnetic response! The news media didn't report many of these caveats. I randomly pulled one story from Science News and another from the University of Oxford, and neither even mentioned that the researchers ran the experiment at low temperature. The Oxford writeup actually hyped the result up more than the paper itself; that author wrote: “…the authors think the proteins involved could be significantly more sensitive in their native environment. In cells in the retina, the proteins are probably fixed and aligned, increasing their sensitivity to the direction of the magnetic field. Moreover, they are also likely to be associated with other proteins that could amplify the sensory signals." (Wow!) When Andrew York and Maria Ingaramo, two scientist working at Calico, heard about these results, they grew skeptical and decided to search for magnetically-responsive proteins — that actually work under physiological conditions — on their own. And that search, in turn, gave rise to Nonfiction Laboratories, a company that not only has created such proteins, but is now trying to commercialize them to make magnetically controlled cancer therapies that are only active near a tumor. The clip below is from my podcast.
2:53

For decades, biologists argued that birds migrate using magnetic fields, and that cryptochrome proteins in their eyes help them figure out where to fly. But the evidence for this has always been flimsy. In 1972, Wolfgang and Roswitha Wiltschko captured migratory European robins, put them in cages, covered the cages with a blanket, and wrapped electric coils around them. Once the birds lost their view of the sky, they still tried to move, or "hop," in the direction of their normal migration route. But when the Wiltschkos flipped the magnetic field around, the robins started hopping in random directions. They took this as evidence that, somehow, birds migrate using a magnetic sense. (Not bad!) In 2000, three theoretical biophysicists in Illinois, Ritz, Adem, and Schulten, proposed a mechanism for that magnetic sense. They argued that when blue light hits a receptor in the eye, it might create something called a "radical pair," locking two electrons into a spin state that a magnetic field could then nudge. They suggested that cryptochromes, light-sensitive proteins in the retina, might be responsible. (Speculative!) And then, in 2021, researchers apparently confirmed this! They took cryptochrome proteins from a type of migratory robin and put them in a test tube. They shone blue light at the proteins and found that this light induced them to form that transient "radical pair" state. And finally, they showed that magnetic fields could change this photochemistry where, in the presence of a magnetic field, the proteins formed fewer of these radical pairs, because the field forced a larger fraction of the excited molecules to ‘collapse’ back to their resting state. The experiment they used to measure this, though, has almost nothing to do with biology. You literally isolate the proteins, bombard them with a blue laser and, after each pulse, measure how much light the proteins absorb. For the robin cryptochrome protein, adding a magnetic field changed the absorbance *slightly.* But here’s the caveat: All of this was done in vitro, in a test tube, in a water-based buffer (rather than a cell). And, even worse, the experiment was done at 5 degrees Celsius (waaaay colder than the bird’s normal temperature) and at a low pH. And even after all this tinkering, they still *barely* saw a magnetic response! The news media didn't report many of these caveats. I randomly pulled one story from Science News and another from the University of Oxford, and neither even mentioned that the researchers ran the experiment at low temperature. The Oxford writeup actually hyped the result up more than the paper itself; that author wrote: “…the authors think the proteins involved could be significantly more sensitive in their native environment. In cells in the retina, the proteins are probably fixed and aligned, increasing their sensitivity to the direction of the magnetic field. Moreover, they are also likely to be associated with other proteins that could amplify the sensory signals." (Wow!) When Andrew York and Maria Ingaramo, two scientist working at Calico, heard about these results, they grew skeptical and decided to search for magnetically-responsive proteins — that actually work under physiological conditions — on their own. And that search, in turn, gave rise to Nonfiction Laboratories, a company that not only has created such proteins, but is now trying to commercialize them to make magnetically controlled cancer therapies that are only active near a tumor. The clip below is from my podcast.

Niko McCarty.

21,714 Aufrufe • vor 21 Tagen