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"Non-equilibrium plasmas, that's a key factor. You can call them cold plasmas." Salvatore Pais hints at laser driven magneto inertial fusion using Nobel prize winning attosecond lasers. Plasmas produced in this way don't obey the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, meaning we're not just heating up a box and hoping fusion happens....

23,825 просмотров • 5 месяцев назад •via X (Twitter)

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Taming the Edge: How lithium could help us control #fusion plasmas. This video captures the first flashes of lithium being injected into the #plasma of our ST40 tokamak, marking the start of our exploration into its effects. Why lithium? In fusion research, we aim for H-mode, a high-performance state with improved plasma confinement. Future fusion power plants are expected to operate in this mode. But H-mode brings a challenge: ELMs (Edge Localised Modes) are bursts of energy at the plasma edge, similar to mini solar flares. These can reduce plasma temperature and damage the divertor with intense heat and particles. Pioneering work by PPPL and others has shown that lithium can suppress ELMs and increase energy confinement time, leading to higher temperatures. On ST40, we’re currently injecting lithium powder during plasma shots to explore its effects. As part of our upcoming ST40 LEAPS upgrade – in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy and Department for Energy Security and Net Zero – we’ll go further, coating plasma-facing components with solid lithium using the ‘lithium evaporation’ technique. We’ll be experimentally testing several mechanisms. One key focus is how lithium absorbs hydrogen isotopes and reduces their recycling back into the plasma, lowering the density at the plasma edge, leading to a more stable edge pressure gradient. We’re starting to understand more about lithium’s effect on plasma performance, and early results show lithium isn't getting into the plasma core, which is good news for avoiding diluting the fusion fuel in future plants. The physics is complex, and we’re still learning. But each step brings us closer to fusion energy. By incorporating lithium into ST40, the world’s highest field spherical tokamak, we’re advancing our understanding of this critical enabling technology. #Fusion #FusionEnergy #Innovation #Limitless #EnergyTransition

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🚨WAS EPSTEIN PAID TO KILL COLD FUSION? WOULD WE BE FIGHTING ANOTHER OIL WAR TODAY IF HE HAD NOT DONE IT? I believe the Iran War is a war of distraction - but predominantly a war dominated by the advantageous economics of oil and energy. But nothing about the timing sufficiently upholds Iran's nuclear resources and regimes to have suddenly required action. Timing wise this war has to be more about hiding Epstein file crime ? So the irony that within the Epstein files we learn of his role in 'killing' Stanley Pons' - in reality referencing the role in preventing funding required for cold or room temperature plasma fusion - should not be lost The huge commercial advantage and elitist control of energy has driven many wars, Iraq possibly being one of them. But was Epstein paid to influence the withdrawal of support for fusion research? Is it an indication perhaps of his role within an intel agency, Mossad, the CIA or perhaps both? We are currently watching a war led by both the United States and Israel on the Middle East and specifically on Iran. Trump Media concluded a commercial deal with the plasma fusion specialist TAE just days after the MIT plasma fusion professor was murdered in his own home in December. Until that is up and running - then oil and gas retain a strong economic leverage Should we be calling this the Epstein Fusion war? It's controversial I know and these are only my thoughts - but follow a logical progression backed up by evidence What do you think? Take a look at the video and listen to my commentary towards the end with notes 👇 #Epstein #Iran Mr. Kaplan SANTINO Ashton Forbes

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23,852 просмотров • 4 месяцев назад

Researchers at Tokamak Energy have captured for the first time a real-time, high-speed video of plasma behaviour inside their ST40 spherical tokamak, tracking visible green and red light emissions as the fusion process occurs. This visual insight comes via a camera operating at thousands of frames per second, offering unprecedented detail of how the plasma evolves, interacts with the surrounding lithium blanket and outer regions, and ultimately radiates energy. The imaging enables scientists to observe how the ultra-hot core transitions outward into cooler zones, how magnetic confinement shapes the plasma behaviour, and how impurities or outer-region interactions influence the process. By giving a ‘star-in-a-donut’ view of fusion in action, this breakthrough adds a new diagnostic tool to the development of fusion energy, helping engineers refine the magnetic confinement, optimise plasma stability and better understand the heat and light flows at play. It was slowed down by 100x. All this was for 0.3s A tokamak is one of the most advanced devices ever created to achieve controlled nuclear fusion, the same process that powers the Sun. Its goal is simple in principle but incredibly challenging in practice: heat a gas until it becomes plasma, raise that plasma to over 100 million degrees, and confine it long enough for hydrogen nuclei to fuse and release energy. Because no material container can survive such temperatures, a tokamak uses powerful magnetic fields to hold and shape the plasma like an invisible cage. The device has a distinctive doughnut-shaped (toroidal) chamber surrounded by magnetic coils. When the machine is switched on, electric currents and external magnets work together to create helical magnetic fields that trap the plasma and keep it away from the walls. As the plasma spirals around these magnetic lines, it heats up dramatically. Additional heating comes from methods like radio-frequency waves and neutral-beam injection, pushing the plasma toward the extreme temperatures needed for fusion. Inside this tightly controlled environment, hydrogen isotopes such as deuterium and tritium can collide and fuse, releasing fast neutrons and a burst of energy. The goal of tokamak research is to reach a point where the fusion reactions produce more energy than the system consumes, a milestone known as “net energy gain.” Modern machines like ITER, JET, and Tokamak Energy’s ST40 are bringing this vision closer, using advanced diagnostics, superconducting magnets, and increasingly stable plasma control. 👉

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Today, Commonwealth Fusion Systems announced we’ve raised $863 million in a new funding round — the second largest investment of committed capital into a deep tech or clean tech company ever. And the largest was our $1.8 billion Series B round in 2021. This Series B2 funding, from investors spanning the globe, speeds up our push to get fusion energy’s clean, secure, affordable power onto the grid as soon as possible. Here’s how we’ll use the funding. First, it lets us complete SPARC, the one-of-a-kind fusion machine we’re building right now at our headquarters in Devens, Massachusetts to demonstrate net fusion energy. Second, this investment lets us accelerate work on our next machine, the ARC fusion power plant we plan to build in Chesterfield County, Virginia — the first of many. With this funding round, we broadened our range of investors. Those supporting our fusion energy mission include not just earlier-stage investors like venture capitalists and ultrahigh-net-worth individuals, but also sovereign wealth funds, pension funds, private equity firms, global industrial companies, utilities, and banks. New investors in CFS include Brevan Howard, Counterpoint Global of Morgan Stanley; Stanley Druckenmiller; FFA Private Bank in Dubai; Galaxy Digital’s Galaxy Interactive; Gigascale; HOF Capital; @NevaSGR; NVIDIA's NVentures venture capital arm; Planet First Partners; Woori Venture Partners US, and a consortium of 12 Japanese companies led by Mitsui & Co. and Mitsubishi Corp. They join earlier investors that also returned, like Breakthrough Energy; Emerson Collective; eni; FutureVenturesVC; Gates Frontier; Google; Hostplus Superannuation Fund; Khosla Ventures; Lowercarbon Capital; SafarPartners; former Google CEO Eric Schmidt; Starlight Ventures, and Tiger Global. What unites that diverse group: they see an enormous new industry forming as we harness the power source of the sun here on Earth. And CFS is leading that fusion energy charge. #PowerMoves #FusionEnergy

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