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OpenHands crushed Codex by 2.3× on token efficiency! We gave both agents the same task on the same model (Qwen3.5 35B): build an 8-bit Space Invaders in 3 iterations (build, fix, polish). Output: • OpenHands: 219K tokens, • Codex: 513K tokens, OpenHands beats Codex in local running. The difference...

28,088 次观看 • 8 天前 •via X (Twitter)

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🚨 OpenAI just launched Codex, a brand-new autonomous coding agent that can build features and fix bugs on its own. We’ve been using it Every 📧 for a few days, and I’m impressed. I invited Alexander Embiricos (ben davies), a member of the product staff responsible for Codex, to demo Codex and talk about it live on a special edition of AI & I: What Codex is and how it works Codex is designed to be used by senior engineers—it performs coding tasks like adding features or fixing bugs autonomously. It's built to allow you to start many sessions at once, so you can have multiple agents working in parallel. Codex is built to have "taste" OpenAI trained Codex to have the taste of a senior software engineer. It knows how big codebases work, how to write a good PR, and uses clean, minimal code. Why an “abundance mindset” is best for interacting with agents Codex is designed to allow users to delegate many tasks at once without getting caught up in the details. This lets you point an abundance of agents at a specific task like a difficult bug—it’s worth it even if only one of them succeeds. How OpenAI is thinking about agents Codex is one piece of a unified super-assistant OpenAI wants to eventually build—an agent that helps users easily get things done by selecting the right tools for them behind the scenes. OpenAI’s vision for the future of programming In the future developers will probably spend less time writing routine code and more time guiding agents, reviewing their work, and making strategy decisions. Programming will become more social, letting teams easily delegate multiple tasks at once, allowing people to focus on ideas and collaboration instead of routine coding. Watch below!

Dan Shipper 📧

145,487 次观看 • 1 年前

A tricky LLM interview question: You're serving a reasoning model on vLLM, and it keeps running out of GPU memory on long traces. So you add KV cache compression and evict 90% of the cached tokens. VRAM usage stays as is and GPU still runs out of memory. Why? (answer below) Evicting 90% of the KV cache can free almost none of the memory it was using. This sounds counterintuitive, but it follows directly from how production servers store the cache today. The KV cache grows with every token a model generates. Each token appends its key and value vectors across every layer, and nothing is freed while generation continues. This is the dominant memory cost for reasoning models. If a 32K-token CoT caches ~32K tokens of KV vectors, a Qwen3-32B with 4-bit weights will run out-of-memory around 24K tokens on a 24GB GPU. One obvious solution is to keep the important tokens and drop the rest, since attention is sparse enough to allow it. But this does not solve the memory problem yet. The reason is paged attention, which is the memory manager behind vLLM and most production servers. Under the hood, it splits GPU memory into fixed physical blocks, each one holds the KV for about 16 tokens. This block returns to the allocator only when every slot inside it is empty. Since the eviction logic selects tokens by importance, and such tokens are scattered across blocks... ...so despite eviction, almost every block is left with at least some survivor tokens. For instance, if the logic evicts 14k of 16k tokens across 1,000 blocks, most likely every block will still have a token. This means the allocator frees almost nothing. Placing the new tokens into those freed slots is not ideal because it breaks the cache's layout. Say token 16,001 arrives, and it's placed in the slot the 40th token used to hold. The cache now reads position 38, then 16,001, then 41, so the cache is no longer in token order. Attention can still compute the right answer from that, but only if every slot now carries a separate note recording which position it actually holds. This introduces another bookkeeping cost that an in-order layout inherently avoids. So the cache is logically 90% smaller and still physically the same size. Many compression results miss this because they measure on pre-allocated contiguous tensors rather than a paged server. There's another problem. Eviction methods pick which tokens to keep by looking at the attention scores themselves (as expected). But fast attention kernels used in production, like FlashAttention, never save those scores. They compute attention in small pieces and throw the full score grid away as they go, which is also why they're fast. So the exact signal eviction methods need isn't available in memory. The workaround is to fall back to eager attention and build the full matrix, which gives up the speed FlashAttention was there to provide. NVIDIA published a method called TriAttention to solve both these problems. It never needs attention scores. Instead, it scores tokens from the geometry of the model's key and query vectors before RoPE is applied, where those vectors sit in stable clusters. For the memory problem, it runs a compaction pass every 128 decoded tokens. The surviving tokens slide forward to close the holes eviction creates, so whole blocks empty out and return to the allocator while the cache stays in token order. On long reasoning traces, the approach matches full-attention accuracy while decoding 2.5x faster and using 10.7x less KV memory. KV cache compression is a big infrastructure problem. The number that decides whether it works is the count of freed blocks, not the count of evicted tokens. You can find the NVIDIA write-up here: I wrote a first-principles breakdown of how the KV cache works. It walks through why the model stores keys and values at all, why the cache grows with every token, and a comparison of LLM generation speed with and without KV caching. Read it below.

Avi Chawla

269,126 次观看 • 29 天前

I cut Fable 5 token usage 2.5x with just one change! - Before: 5.5 M tokens · 7 errors · $8.94 - After: 2.3 M tokens · 0 errors · $4.17 The final build was the same for both, but the path the agent took wildly differed. In both runs, the agent started with the same thing, i.e., it understood the backend before building anything, like: - Permission policies - Available storage buckets - Auth providers configured - How edge functions are deployed The first run used Firebase, which was built for a human dev using a dashboard. While the dev can read the above state by clicking through tabs, an agent has no dashboard. So it gathered the same info through API calls. And there's no single Firebase call that returned this info. The agent required to query multiple times, and each query over-returned. For instance, when the agent asked how sign-in is configured, Firebase also returned the entire auth surface and every method it supported. This was far more context than what it needed. And it repeated across every part of the backend it inspected. Some states (like which auth providers are active) weren't queryable at all. I provided it myself. Otherwise, the agent would have guessed. Errors further compounded the token usage. When a dev sees "permission denied," they can look at the console and figure out whether it's a rule, a path, or an unauthenticated request. Firebase returned the same string to the agent as well, and it had none of that surrounding context to debug. So it guessed again, picked the most likely cause, and rewrote code, utilizing more tokens. This Firebase setup cost me 5.5M tokens and 7 manual interventions during errors on a full-stack RAG app. But I brought that down to 2.3M tokens and 0 manual interventions by using InsForge as the backend context engineering layer (open-source and self-hostable via Docker). It provides the same primitives as Supabase/Firebase, but structures the entire information layer for agents, instead of dashboards. In one CLI call that consumed ~500 tokens, the agent saw the full backend topology before writing a single line of code. This included auth, database, storage, edge functions, model gateway, micro VMs, and deployment. Also, instead of loading the entire product surface into context on every task, four narrowly scoped skills activated only when relevant to keep cognitive load minimal. And to ensure efficient retries if needed, every CLI operation returned structured JSON with meaningful exit codes, so the agent never guessed what to do next. Here's the InsForge GitHub Repo: (don't forget to star it ⭐) The video below depicts the final build, comparing Firebase and InsForge. To dive deeper, I recently published a full walkthrough building the same RAG app on both backends and inspected them end-to-end. Read it below.

Avi Chawla

112,879 次观看 • 1 个月前

I designed a new test specifically for multimodal models: fill out a paper form. And it's much harder than it sounds. This isn't typing into an electronic field that captures your text. The form is just an image. The model has to place each form element: text, checkmarks — at the correct pixel position on the canvas itself. Results: 🟢 Kimi K2.6 → done in 3:45, 16.7k output tokens 🟡 Step 3.7 Flash → half the fields, 57k output tokens 🔴 Gemini 3.5 Flash → 489k output tokens, never finished. I had to kill it. Gemini burned ~29x more output tokens than Kimi on the exact same task, and Kimi's was the only form that actually looked filled out. The test, a mocked application form, contains some challenging parts, such as one-character-per-box fields. I provided every model the same set of tools: > get canvas size > drop probe markers to find coordinates > add text > add checkmarks > move elements > take a screenshot anytime to check their own work > ... etc So it's vision + spatial reasoning + tool use + long context, all at once. Small models (Qwen, Gemma) can't really complete this test, so I skipped them. What happened: > Kimi nailed name, DOB, ID, gender, marital status, nationality, email, phone, address, postal code — placement slightly loose, but content correct. 15 turns. Clean. > Step got maybe half right — fields dropped, "United States" landed in the email line, data floating outside boxes. Burned 1.24M input tokens doing it (81 turns of re-reading the canvas). > Gemini almost got there visually... then spiraled. By turn 40 it was issuing a delete_elements call wiping element IDs 365–425, basically erasing its own work. 31 minutes, 489k output tokens, still streaming. Terminated. The takeaway isn't "Gemini bad." This test is indeed difficult. But token efficiency is capability now. A model that needs 30x the tokens and still can't converge is going to be 30x the cost in production. Kimi K2.6 just quietly did the thing.

stevibe

25,304 次观看 • 1 个月前

Three months ago, Codex was trash for knowledge work. Now it's my daily driver. I use it for writing, recruiting, deep engineering work, and everything in between. It even keeps me at inbox 0. I chatted with Every 📧's head of growth Austin Austin Tedesco on Every 📧's AI & I about what changed, and why he now spends 80% of his working time in the Codex desktop app too. We get into: - How Codex went from making Austin feel like an idiot to being the place he goes to get stuff done, including complex tasks like writing go-to-market plans using existing material from Slack, Notion, and meeting transcripts. - Why the Codex’s desktop app, which is faster and more reliable than Claude Desktop/Cowork, is the real differentiator. - How I source candidates with Codex by having it identify career arcs, not keywords—my go-to move is identifying organizations likely to teach the skills Every needs for a role, and then find candidates from that pool who have since gone on to work in AI. This is a must-watch for anyone who's wondering whether it’s finally time to give Codex a try. Watch below! Timestamps How Codex went from a tool for senior engineers to a daily driver for knowledge work: 00:00:57 How Claude Code proved that a great coding agent works for any knowledge work: 00:02:42 Austin's switch to Codex: 00:07:24 How Austin set up Codex with folders, keys, and reviewer agents: 00:13:48 Using Codex to brainstorm automations across Gmail, Slack, and Notion: 00:18:24 How Austin manages the human review step when Codex is drafting communications: 00:22:42 Using Codex to build specialized agents inspired by product executive Claire Vo: 00:28:54 Synthesizing meeting transcripts and Slack threads into a go-to-market plan: 00:31:09 Building a live KPI tracker in Notion that agents can read: 00:40:15 Using Codex for recruiting: 00:44:54

Dan Shipper 📧

55,221 次观看 • 2 个月前