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The difference between a Harvard Business School student and a Founder. HBS STUDENT: Lists all the reasons AI Space Compute is hard. FOUNDER: “ I don't disagree with you that building data centers in space is hard. Building data centers in space is extremely hard. . . If you...

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Why Would We Need Data Centers in Space? I interviewed co-founder and CEO of Starcloud, Philip Johnston to learn exactly why even if AI is a bubble, data centers in space would still prosper. Philip Johnston

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Elon Musk: The lowest cost place to put AI data centers will be space ---- “The lowest cost place to put AI will be space. I think the case is a no-brainer for building AI, solar-powered AI data centers in space because, as you mentioned, it's also very cold in space. If you're in the shadow, then it's very cold in space, just 3 degrees Kelvin. So you just have your solar panels facing the Sun and then a radiator that's like pointed away from the Sun, so it has no Sun incidence and then it's just cooling. It's a very efficient cooling system. So the net effect is that the lowest cost place to put AI will be space and that'll be true within two years, maybe three, three at the latest.”
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Elon Musk: The lowest cost place to put AI data centers will be space ---- “The lowest cost place to put AI will be space. I think the case is a no-brainer for building AI, solar-powered AI data centers in space because, as you mentioned, it's also very cold in space. If you're in the shadow, then it's very cold in space, just 3 degrees Kelvin. So you just have your solar panels facing the Sun and then a radiator that's like pointed away from the Sun, so it has no Sun incidence and then it's just cooling. It's a very efficient cooling system. So the net effect is that the lowest cost place to put AI will be space and that'll be true within two years, maybe three, three at the latest.”

Beanie👾

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ASML CEO on Elon Musk's Data Centers in space and Terafab: "I think you need a certain amount of data centers and they will be in space, they will be on the earth. I think the discussion about data centers in space is to address another potential bottleneck in the ecosystem, which is energy. I think the discussion around putting data center in space is there because if you do that, the energy consumption or the energy availability will be there, about trying to solve another potential big issue, which is energy for data center. I think the Terafab is an example of a major fab project."
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ASML CEO on Elon Musk's Data Centers in space and Terafab: "I think you need a certain amount of data centers and they will be in space, they will be on the earth. I think the discussion about data centers in space is to address another potential bottleneck in the ecosystem, which is energy. I think the discussion around putting data center in space is there because if you do that, the energy consumption or the energy availability will be there, about trying to solve another potential big issue, which is energy for data center. I think the Terafab is an example of a major fab project."

DogeDesigner

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Elon Musk says Space will be the lowest cost place to put AI within the next 2–3 years: “It’s a no brainer for building Solar-Powered AI Data Centers in space because, as you mentioned, it’s also very cold in space. If you’re in the shadow, then it’s very cold, just three degrees Kelvin. So you just have solar panels facing the sun and then a radiator that’s pointed away from the sun, so it has no sun incidence, and then it’s just cooling. It’s a very efficient cooling system. So, net effect is that the lowest cost place to put AI will be space, and that’ll be true within two years, maybe three at the latest.”
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Elon Musk says Space will be the lowest cost place to put AI within the next 2–3 years: “It’s a no brainer for building Solar-Powered AI Data Centers in space because, as you mentioned, it’s also very cold in space. If you’re in the shadow, then it’s very cold, just three degrees Kelvin. So you just have solar panels facing the sun and then a radiator that’s pointed away from the sun, so it has no sun incidence, and then it’s just cooling. It’s a very efficient cooling system. So, net effect is that the lowest cost place to put AI will be space, and that’ll be true within two years, maybe three at the latest.”

Nic Cruz Patane

115,898 Aufrufe • vor 7 Monaten

Philip Johnston (Philip Johnston) is the co-founder and CEO of Starcloud, the company building data centers in space. In November 2025, Starcloud launched an Nvidia H100 GPU into orbit and trained the first large language model in space. They've since raised $200 million, hit a billion-dollar valuation just 17 months after YC demo day and filed with the FCC to deploy 88,000 more satellites. In this episode of Lightcone Podcast, Philip walks us through their wild origin story, the engineering challenges behind the Starcloud-1, why they booked a SpaceX launch before they even knew what they were building and how data centers in space make sense both economically and politically. 00:39 — Why Build Data Centers in Space? 01:40 — The Insight That Started Starcloud 04:43 — Launching Starcloud-1 09:45 — The Engineering Behind Data Centers in Orbit 13:49 — Why 100 VCs Said No 16:12 — Book the Launch Before You Build the Product 18:32 — The Roadmap to Commercial Space Compute 21:10 — Building NVIDIA GPUs for Space 23:41 — Raising $170M for a Hard Tech Startup 26:37 — Hiring the World's Best Space Engineers 31:25 — Why AI Compute Is Moving to Space 34:49 — Advice for Hard Tech Founders
36:13

Philip Johnston (Philip Johnston) is the co-founder and CEO of Starcloud, the company building data centers in space. In November 2025, Starcloud launched an Nvidia H100 GPU into orbit and trained the first large language model in space. They've since raised $200 million, hit a billion-dollar valuation just 17 months after YC demo day and filed with the FCC to deploy 88,000 more satellites. In this episode of Lightcone Podcast, Philip walks us through their wild origin story, the engineering challenges behind the Starcloud-1, why they booked a SpaceX launch before they even knew what they were building and how data centers in space make sense both economically and politically. 00:39 — Why Build Data Centers in Space? 01:40 — The Insight That Started Starcloud 04:43 — Launching Starcloud-1 09:45 — The Engineering Behind Data Centers in Orbit 13:49 — Why 100 VCs Said No 16:12 — Book the Launch Before You Build the Product 18:32 — The Roadmap to Commercial Space Compute 21:10 — Building NVIDIA GPUs for Space 23:41 — Raising $170M for a Hard Tech Startup 26:37 — Hiring the World's Best Space Engineers 31:25 — Why AI Compute Is Moving to Space 34:49 — Advice for Hard Tech Founders

Y Combinator

229,182 Aufrufe • vor 24 Tagen

"The most important thing in the next 3-4 years is data centers in space. In every way, data centers in space, from a first principles perspective, are superior to data centers on earth. In space, you can keep a satellite in the sun 24 hours a day. The sun is 30% more intense, which results in six times more irradiance than on Earth. So you don't need a battery. The cooling in these data centers is incredibly complicated. Space cooling is free. You just put a radiator on the dark side of the satellite. The only thing faster than a laser going through a fiber optic cable is a laser going through absolute vacuum. Link satellites with lasers, and you have a faster and more coherent network than any data center on Earth."
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"The most important thing in the next 3-4 years is data centers in space. In every way, data centers in space, from a first principles perspective, are superior to data centers on earth. In space, you can keep a satellite in the sun 24 hours a day. The sun is 30% more intense, which results in six times more irradiance than on Earth. So you don't need a battery. The cooling in these data centers is incredibly complicated. Space cooling is free. You just put a radiator on the dark side of the satellite. The only thing faster than a laser going through a fiber optic cable is a laser going through absolute vacuum. Link satellites with lasers, and you have a faster and more coherent network than any data center on Earth."

Patrick OShaughnessy

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In the SpaceX IPO debate, StarCloud CEO Philip Johnston responds to Tim Farrar’s doubts on performance and space data centers. “To say that SpaceX is doing data centers in space for the story because it's worried about missing its numbers… was the dumbest thing I'd heard all in a quite a long time.” Full episode:
1:17

In the SpaceX IPO debate, StarCloud CEO Philip Johnston responds to Tim Farrar’s doubts on performance and space data centers. “To say that SpaceX is doing data centers in space for the story because it's worried about missing its numbers… was the dumbest thing I'd heard all in a quite a long time.” Full episode:

The Information

46,961 Aufrufe • vor 8 Monaten

David Friedberg: Michael Burry’s Datacenter Math is Wrong “I actually think Michael Burberry's got this wrong.” “What Michael Burry is saying is that all of these hyperscalers have extended their depreciation schedule or the useful life of their data centers by roughly 2x, which cuts the operating costs in half when they report it in earnings. And so it's making their earnings inflate.” “So he's claiming they're cooking the books. Google first made this change in Q1 of 2021, where they said the servers are now going from 3 to 4 years. Separately in 2021, Google took networking equipment from 3 to 5 years. And then in 2023, they took it from 5 to 6 years.” “And so this is a result of this effort where they went in and did an analysis. So what happened?” “What happened in the data centers is that the data centers transitioned from being primarily data storage and data transfer systems, where you would use hard drives and RAM and memory to store data and then transmit it back out, to being data processing centers because of the AI boom.” “So as AI became more important in the data center, more of the dollars that are going into data centers were allocated towards chips from data storage, which initially was hard drives.” “And then suddenly, when you put these processors in to process the data to do AI, the majority of the spend and the majority of the energy is going towards the processors.” “I made some calls and I checked around with some other friends, and everyone says the same thing: that these 7-8 year old TPUs and GPUs that are sitting in the data centers are still being used and they're being used at 100% utilization.” “So that actually justifies and validates the depreciation schedule being much longer versus shorter.”
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David Friedberg: Michael Burry’s Datacenter Math is Wrong “I actually think Michael Burberry's got this wrong.” “What Michael Burry is saying is that all of these hyperscalers have extended their depreciation schedule or the useful life of their data centers by roughly 2x, which cuts the operating costs in half when they report it in earnings. And so it's making their earnings inflate.” “So he's claiming they're cooking the books. Google first made this change in Q1 of 2021, where they said the servers are now going from 3 to 4 years. Separately in 2021, Google took networking equipment from 3 to 5 years. And then in 2023, they took it from 5 to 6 years.” “And so this is a result of this effort where they went in and did an analysis. So what happened?” “What happened in the data centers is that the data centers transitioned from being primarily data storage and data transfer systems, where you would use hard drives and RAM and memory to store data and then transmit it back out, to being data processing centers because of the AI boom.” “So as AI became more important in the data center, more of the dollars that are going into data centers were allocated towards chips from data storage, which initially was hard drives.” “And then suddenly, when you put these processors in to process the data to do AI, the majority of the spend and the majority of the energy is going towards the processors.” “I made some calls and I checked around with some other friends, and everyone says the same thing: that these 7-8 year old TPUs and GPUs that are sitting in the data centers are still being used and they're being used at 100% utilization.” “So that actually justifies and validates the depreciation schedule being much longer versus shorter.”

The All-In Podcast

304,297 Aufrufe • vor 9 Monaten

"Building data centers in space sounds crazy until you realize that he has already launched thousands of satellites; he's already built a reusable rocket Putting the data centers in space may actually be a much less hard task to do than things that he has already done, and so I definitely think he's going to pull it off" — Anthony Pompliano (CEO of Professional Capital Management)
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"Building data centers in space sounds crazy until you realize that he has already launched thousands of satellites; he's already built a reusable rocket Putting the data centers in space may actually be a much less hard task to do than things that he has already done, and so I definitely think he's going to pull it off" — Anthony Pompliano (CEO of Professional Capital Management)

X Freeze

12,861 Aufrufe • vor 6 Monaten

Jordi: Do you think space data centers will provide a meaningful amount of compute for OpenAI in the next two to three years? Sam Altman: No. Jordi: Five years? Sam: No.
0:41

Jordi: Do you think space data centers will provide a meaningful amount of compute for OpenAI in the next two to three years? Sam Altman: No. Jordi: Five years? Sam: No.

TBPN

111,501 Aufrufe • vor 6 Monaten

"If you're betting against space data centers, you're betting against compute growing." - Pranav Myana, author of the recently viral model on space compute "Our minds haven't evolved to understand just how much space there is in space." "If you don't believe there's going to be an AI revolution, if you don't believe compute is going to grow exponentially, you don't believe in [data centers in space]."
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"If you're betting against space data centers, you're betting against compute growing." - Pranav Myana, author of the recently viral model on space compute "Our minds haven't evolved to understand just how much space there is in space." "If you don't believe there's going to be an AI revolution, if you don't believe compute is going to grow exponentially, you don't believe in [data centers in space]."

TBPN

31,939 Aufrufe • vor 8 Monaten

ANTHONY POMPLIANO: DON’T BET AGAINST ELON BUILDING DATA CENTERS IN SPACE “Never ever bet against Elon Musk. He's the greatest entrepreneur of our generation. The man has averaged the creation of a multibillion-dollar company every five years for over 30 years. There's no one in history who has ever done this before. A huge reason why he is so competitive in the marketplace is because he is willing to take an enormous amount of risk and go after very ambitious things. Building data centers in space sounds crazy until you realize that he has already launched thousands of satellites. He's already built a reusable rocket. Putting the data centers in space may actually be a much less hard task to do than the things that he's already done. And so I definitely think that he's going to pull this off.” Source: Anthony Pompliano 🌪 on Elon Musk, Fox Business, February 8, 2026
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ANTHONY POMPLIANO: DON’T BET AGAINST ELON BUILDING DATA CENTERS IN SPACE “Never ever bet against Elon Musk. He's the greatest entrepreneur of our generation. The man has averaged the creation of a multibillion-dollar company every five years for over 30 years. There's no one in history who has ever done this before. A huge reason why he is so competitive in the marketplace is because he is willing to take an enormous amount of risk and go after very ambitious things. Building data centers in space sounds crazy until you realize that he has already launched thousands of satellites. He's already built a reusable rocket. Putting the data centers in space may actually be a much less hard task to do than the things that he's already done. And so I definitely think that he's going to pull this off.” Source: Anthony Pompliano 🌪 on Elon Musk, Fox Business, February 8, 2026

Mario Nawfal

33,789 Aufrufe • vor 6 Monaten

NEWS: Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang announced today that the company is working on a new chip/computer for orbital data-centers called Nvidia Vera Rubin Space-1. "It's going to start data-centers out in space. Of course, in space there's no conduction, no convection, there's just radiation, so we have to figure out how to cool these systems out in space, but we got lots of great engineers working on it."
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NEWS: Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang announced today that the company is working on a new chip/computer for orbital data-centers called Nvidia Vera Rubin Space-1. "It's going to start data-centers out in space. Of course, in space there's no conduction, no convection, there's just radiation, so we have to figure out how to cool these systems out in space, but we got lots of great engineers working on it."

Sawyer Merritt

457,069 Aufrufe • vor 5 Monaten

The US Department of Energy mapped out all of the current data centers, data centers under construction & data centers currently in the planning stages. We’ve heard for years how vulnerable our grid is. Now we are supposed to believe that it can withstand all of this new demand?
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The US Department of Energy mapped out all of the current data centers, data centers under construction & data centers currently in the planning stages. We’ve heard for years how vulnerable our grid is. Now we are supposed to believe that it can withstand all of this new demand?

Derrick Evans

70,218 Aufrufe • vor 3 Monaten

.delian on data centers in space: "Do I think that the space economics are going to beat out nuclear powered data centers run by Crusoe in Texas? No, man, come on." "In order for that to work, you have to be short nuclear, short optical fiber on the ground, short the ability build buildings, short solar panels, short batteries. All of those things are making incredible progress super rapidly and in space those things are more complex." "There might be some slivers where it makes sense to have data centers in space, but I feel very confident that it's going to be slivers."
3:39

.delian on data centers in space: "Do I think that the space economics are going to beat out nuclear powered data centers run by Crusoe in Texas? No, man, come on." "In order for that to work, you have to be short nuclear, short optical fiber on the ground, short the ability build buildings, short solar panels, short batteries. All of those things are making incredible progress super rapidly and in space those things are more complex." "There might be some slivers where it makes sense to have data centers in space, but I feel very confident that it's going to be slivers."

TBPN

169,637 Aufrufe • vor 8 Monaten

SITUATION EXPLAINED: Cowboy Space Corp. (fka Aetherflux) raises $275M From founder Baiju Bhatt (prev co-founder of Robinhood): "Our mission is to power humanity from the high frontier." "The concept is about building data centers in space. You can use the stage mass, the actual structure of the upper stage of the rocket to do the job of data centers in space." "You can reuse that mass and volume for the radiator, where our concept calls for actually deploying out the fairing of the rocket as a big radiator." "By going with one monolithic satellite, which is the upper stage of the rocket, you get more GPUs that are interconnected." "So rather than distributing it out over a bunch of smaller satellites, the simplest way to kind of think about that is if you had two racks of GPU servers, one was in this building and one was in that building across the street, that strictly worse than them being in the same building." @emmysteuer
2:09

SITUATION EXPLAINED: Cowboy Space Corp. (fka Aetherflux) raises $275M From founder Baiju Bhatt (prev co-founder of Robinhood): "Our mission is to power humanity from the high frontier." "The concept is about building data centers in space. You can use the stage mass, the actual structure of the upper stage of the rocket to do the job of data centers in space." "You can reuse that mass and volume for the radiator, where our concept calls for actually deploying out the fairing of the rocket as a big radiator." "By going with one monolithic satellite, which is the upper stage of the rocket, you get more GPUs that are interconnected." "So rather than distributing it out over a bunch of smaller satellites, the simplest way to kind of think about that is if you had two racks of GPU servers, one was in this building and one was in that building across the street, that strictly worse than them being in the same building." @emmysteuer

MTS

19,702 Aufrufe • vor 3 Monaten

GOOGLE CEO: DATA CENTERS IN SPACE WILL HARNESS THE SUN’S POWER Sundar laid out a vision straight from science fiction, building Google’s future data centers in orbit to capture near-limitless solar energy: “How do we one day have data centers in space so we can better harness the energy from the sun? That’s a hundred trillion times more energy than what we produce on Earth today. In 2027, we’ll take the first step, sending tiny racks of machines aboard satellites to test them out and start scaling. A decade from now, this will be seen as a normal way to build data centers.” Source: Fox, Sundar Pichai
0:36

GOOGLE CEO: DATA CENTERS IN SPACE WILL HARNESS THE SUN’S POWER Sundar laid out a vision straight from science fiction, building Google’s future data centers in orbit to capture near-limitless solar energy: “How do we one day have data centers in space so we can better harness the energy from the sun? That’s a hundred trillion times more energy than what we produce on Earth today. In 2027, we’ll take the first step, sending tiny racks of machines aboard satellites to test them out and start scaling. A decade from now, this will be seen as a normal way to build data centers.” Source: Fox, Sundar Pichai

Mario Nawfal

459,653 Aufrufe • vor 9 Monaten

Sam Altman in a new interview says Orbital Data Centers are not going to matter at scale this decade: “I honestly think the idea, with the current landscape of putting data centers in space is ridiculous. If you do the very rough math of launch costs relative to the cost of power on earth and to say nothing how you are going to fix a broken GPU in space— they do break a lot unfortunately— we are not there yet. There will be a time, space is great for a lot of things, Orbital Data Centers are not something that is going to matter at scale this decade.” This clip isn’t going to age well for Sam.
0:39

Sam Altman in a new interview says Orbital Data Centers are not going to matter at scale this decade: “I honestly think the idea, with the current landscape of putting data centers in space is ridiculous. If you do the very rough math of launch costs relative to the cost of power on earth and to say nothing how you are going to fix a broken GPU in space— they do break a lot unfortunately— we are not there yet. There will be a time, space is great for a lot of things, Orbital Data Centers are not something that is going to matter at scale this decade.” This clip isn’t going to age well for Sam.

Nic Cruz Patane

72,344 Aufrufe • vor 6 Monaten

“The most important thing that’s going to happen in the world in the next 3-4 year is data centers in space” - Gavin Baker We have the first Nvidia H100 operating in space at 🚀
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“The most important thing that’s going to happen in the world in the next 3-4 year is data centers in space” - Gavin Baker We have the first Nvidia H100 operating in space at 🚀

Philip Johnston

5,752,630 Aufrufe • vor 8 Monaten

Jeff Bezos plans to build a data center in space within the next 10+ years. Unlimited solar energy available 24/7, space is an ideal location for data centers. $AMZN AWS is set to make major moves out there.
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Jeff Bezos plans to build a data center in space within the next 10+ years. Unlimited solar energy available 24/7, space is an ideal location for data centers. $AMZN AWS is set to make major moves out there.

Bourbon Capital

1,183,743 Aufrufe • vor 10 Monaten