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103,750 Aufrufe • vor 8 Monaten •via X (Twitter)

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i just ran Google's brand new Unsloth Gemma4 12B dense GGUF on my RTX 4060 using llama.cpp + CUDA 13.2 21 tokens per second. on a budget consumer GPU. locally. no API. no cloud. no subscription. and the benchmarks are absolutely cooked # first let's talk architecture because this is genuinely different every multimodal model you've used has a frozen vision encoder + frozen audio encoder + LLM backbone glued together Gemma 4 12B is different it's a single decoder only transformer. that's it. vision? raw 48×48 pixel patches → one matmul → projected directly into the LLM audio? raw 16kHz signal sliced into 40ms frames → linear projection → same LLM input space no encoder tax. no latency penalty. no fragmented memory to put the encoder savings in perspective: old Gemma 4 26B approach: - 550M param vision encoder (frozen) - 300M param audio encoder (frozen) - LLM backbone Gemma 4 12B: - 35M param vision embedder (a single matmul) - no audio encoder at all - LLM backbone handles EVERYTHING 550M → 35M for vision alone. that's a 15x reduction this is why the gemma-4-12b-it-Q4_K_M.gguf is just 6.6 GBs!!! and it has 256K native context context # Benchmarks: AIME 2026 (math olympiad): 77.5% GPQA Diamond (expert science): 78.8% LiveCodeBench v6 (real code): 72% Codeforces ELO: 1659 MMLU Pro: 77.2% MATH-Vision: 79.7% BigBench Extra Hard: 53% inference → llama.cpp, LM Studio, vLLM, SGLang llamacpp flags: -m "gemma-4-12b-it-Q4_K_M.gguf" -ngl 99 -c 8000 -v --port 8080 Available on huggingface now! Link below

Alok

281,007 Aufrufe • vor 3 Monaten

In my class, I teach the autoencoder by asking everyone to stand up. 🙆 Stretch your arms out wide. Imagine you are holding a heavy textbook (like Introduction to Algorithms by Prof. Cormen), the whole thing, every page. Now bring your hands slowly together until they almost touch your neck. The bottle "neck." The final exam is tomorrow and you are allowed one cheat sheet: whatever you can scribble on your palm. All nine hundred pages have to survive the squeeze. That is the encoder. Now imagine you sit in the exam. Push your arms back out to where they started. You try to rebuild the textbook from your palm notes. That is the decoder. Of course you cannot get every page back. What you get back is what mattered enough to write down, and the gap between the two is the loss the network is trying to shrink. I call it AI by Arms 🙆. It gets a laugh, and then it gets remembered. Goal: squeeze four numbers down to two, then rebuild the original four from them. 1. Given Let us start with four training examples: X1, X2, X3, X4. 2. Auto (copy to targets) We copy the training examples straight into the targets. That is the whole trick behind the name: "auto" is Greek for "self", and the data is its own label. 3. Encoder, layer 1 Let us multiply the inputs by the weights, add the biases, and apply ReLU. Negative values get crossed out and become zero. 4. Encoder, layer 2 (the bottleneck) We do it again, and now the four dimensions have become two. This layer is called the bottleneck, because everything has to fit through it. 5. Decoder, layer 1 Let us go back the other way: multiply, add, ReLU. This time there are no negatives to cross out. 6. Decoder, layer 2 We multiply once more and get the outputs Y. This is the decoder's attempt to rebuild the four original numbers from the two it was given. 7. MSE loss gradients Let us compare Y with the targets Y'. The gradient is 2 x (Y - Y'): subtract, then double. Those gradients kick off backpropagation, and the weights start to learn. Your entire education is all about encoding and decoding!

Tom Yeh

22,703 Aufrufe • vor 1 Monat

Vector Database by Hand ✍️ Vector databases are revolutionizing how we search and analyze complex data. They have become the backbone of Retrieval Augmented Generation (#RAG). How do vector databases work? [1] Given ↳ A dataset of three sentences, each has 3 words (or tokens) ↳ In practice, a dataset may contain millions or billions of sentences. The max number of tokens may be tens of thousands (e.g., 32,768 mistral-7b). Process "how are you" [2] 🟨 Word Embeddings ↳ For each word, look up corresponding word embedding vector from a table of 22 vectors, where 22 is the vocabulary size. ↳ In practice, the vocabulary size can be tens of thousands. The word embedding dimensions are in the thousands (e.g., 1024, 4096) [3] 🟩 Encoding ↳ Feed the sequence of word embeddings to an encoder to obtain a sequence of feature vectors, one per word. ↳ Here, the encoder is a simple one layer perceptron (linear layer + ReLU) ↳ In practice, the encoder is a transformer or one of its many variants. [4] 🟩 Mean Pooling ↳ Merge the sequence of feature vectors into a single vector using "mean pooling" which is to average across the columns. ↳ The result is a single vector. We often call it "text embeddings" or "sentence embeddings." ↳ Other pooling techniques are possible, such as CLS. But mean pooling is the most common. [5] 🟦 Indexing ↳ Reduce the dimensions of the text embedding vector by a projection matrix. The reduction rate is 50% (4->2). ↳ In practice, the values in this projection matrix is much more random. ↳ The purpose is similar to that of hashing, which is to obtain a short representation to allow faster comparison and retrieval. ↳ The resulting dimension-reduced index vector is saved in the vector storage. [6] Process "who are you" ↳ Repeat [2]-[5] [7] Process "who am I" ↳ Repeat [2]-[5] Now we have indexed our dataset in the vector database. [8] 🟥 Query: "am I you" ↳ Repeat [2]-[5] ↳ The result is a 2-d query vector. [9] 🟥 Dot Products ↳ Take dot product between the query vector and database vectors. They are all 2-d. ↳ The purpose is to use dot product to estimate similarity. ↳ By transposing the query vector, this step becomes a matrix multiplication. [10] 🟥 Nearest Neighbor ↳ Find the largest dot product by linear scan. ↳ The sentence with the highest dot product is "who am I" ↳ In practice, because scanning billions of vectors is slow, we use an Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) algorithm like the Hierarchical Navigable Small Worlds (HNSW).

Tom Yeh

192,022 Aufrufe • vor 2 Jahren

NEW WORLD MODEL: Yann LeCun's team is back with an efficient model! This project involves Yann LeCun, Lukas Kuhn, Lucas Maes, Quentin Le Lidec, and Randall Balestriero. A couple definitions first: - DINO: self-DIstillation with NO labels. A self-supervised image model (Meta, 2021) where a student network learns to match a teacher (an EMA copy of itself) across two crops of the same image, with no labels and no negatives. - SIGReg: a regularizer that prevents embedding collapse by forcing the embeddings to match an isotropic Gaussian, tested with a normality test (Epps–Pulley) on many random 1-D projections instead of in full dimension. LeVJEPA is a self-supervised video pretraining method, released with open code, weights, and checkpoints. It learns a video representation by pushing the embeddings of global and local crops of the same clip together (an invariance loss), while a regularizer called SIGReg forces the embeddings toward an isotropic Gaussian to provably prevent representation collapse. Unlike V-JEPA and V-JEPA 2 it uses a single shared encoder with a projector and no target network, no predictor and no stop-gradient. It drops 95% of tokens per view, uses block-causal attention (each frame attends only to past frames), and has a single loss weight. It is evaluated purely as a representation learner via frozen probing on ImageNet-1K, Something-Something-v2 and Kinetics-400, not on any robot. What I find interesting, is that V-JEPA and V-JEPA 2 need an EMA target encoder, stop-gradients and a capacity-limited predictor to avoid collapse; LeVJEPA drops all of it for one shared encoder plus projector, preventing collapse instead with the SIGReg regularizer under a provable guarantee and a single hyperparameter. The "P" (predictor) in JEPA is effectively gone. LeVJEPA is also less compute intensive: - 5.6x to 20.8x lower total pretraining compute than V-JEPA 2 - 7.6 points higher on ImageNet-1K at matched FLOPs - trains at batch size 128 within 8GB where V-JEPA 2 saturates at batch size 28 Also worth mentioning: ImageNet-1K accuracy rises monotonically with the token-drop rate, from 33.9% at rho = 0 to 47.6% at rho = 0.95. The aggressive dropping is actually doing regularization work. On the JEPA-versus-DINO debate: - it loses to DINOv2 by 3.1 points on ImageNet-1K (appearance, static) - but wins on Something-Something-v2 by nearly 2x (motion, temporal) - and beats V-JEPA 2 by 1.9 points on ViT-L at 5.6x lower cost. -> optimized for temporal and motion understanding per compute dollar.

Léo

90,267 Aufrufe • vor 16 Tagen