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This single $300 MILLION machine fires lasers at tin droplets 50,000 times per second creating plasma hotter than the sun and without it your phone and modern AI wouldn’t exist.

Massimo

4,069,878 subscribers

87,065 次观看 • 6 个月前 •via X (Twitter)

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The mind-blowing tech behind microchip manufacturing. Lasers fire 50,000 times per second at tin droplets moving 100 m/s, creating extreme ultraviolet light plasma — and that’s just one step inside ASML’s chip-making machine.

The mind-blowing tech behind microchip manufacturing. Lasers fire 50,000 times per second at tin droplets moving 100 m/s, creating extreme ultraviolet light plasma — and that’s just one step inside ASML’s chip-making machine.

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Mind blowing: How $ASML shoots tin droplets 50,000x/sec with lasers hotter than the Sun to print chips at atomic scale. This is the hidden hero of tech

Mind blowing: How $ASML shoots tin droplets 50,000x/sec with lasers hotter than the Sun to print chips at atomic scale. This is the hidden hero of tech

TraderMir ‎ ✮

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It takes extreme engineering to generate extreme UV light.💥 High NA systems make tin droplets 1/3 the width of a hair and vaporize them to make a plasma 40 times hotter than the sun’s surface. Why? So we keep shrinking chip patterns to keep powering technology forward with you.

It takes extreme engineering to generate extreme UV light.💥 High NA systems make tin droplets 1/3 the width of a hair and vaporize them to make a plasma 40 times hotter than the sun’s surface. Why? So we keep shrinking chip patterns to keep powering technology forward with you.

ASML

75,284 次观看 • 8 个月前

China has fired up the world's largest superconducting magnet for nuclear fusion. Built for the CRAFT "artificial sun" project in Hefei, the toroidal-field coil weighs 582 tonnes, stores three times the energy of the equivalent magnet at the international ITER reactor, and is designed to trap a plasma hotter than 100 million degrees Celsius. Every critical part was made in China. #China #NuclearFusion #ArtificialSun #CRAFT

China has fired up the world's largest superconducting magnet for nuclear fusion. Built for the CRAFT "artificial sun" project in Hefei, the toroidal-field coil weighs 582 tonnes, stores three times the energy of the equivalent magnet at the international ITER reactor, and is designed to trap a plasma hotter than 100 million degrees Celsius. Every critical part was made in China. #China #NuclearFusion #ArtificialSun #CRAFT

Interesting Engineering

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I’m beyond grateful to every artist who poured their soul into Rethabile. This album is a piece of my heart, and it wouldn’t exist without your voices, your stories, and your love. Thank you for walking this journey with me. Rethabile drops at midnight.

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This AI influencer doesn't exist. Yet she's getting more views than most real creators. Every second of this video was generated with AI. And most people can't tell the difference. 👉 Try it for free:

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Aria Arooj

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Welcome to the pico world! 🔬 Micro-dispensing at the picoliter scale is incredible when you compare it to everyday numbers: a single raindrop is about 50 microliters, roughly 50 million times larger than a picoliter. Being able to place droplets this small without touching the surface is key for biotech, diagnostics, and micro-electronics, where tiny volumes matter. And at this scale, two basics become critical: → Accuracy = how close you are to the real value. → Precision = how repeatable each droplet is. I could watch it all day long! 🤯 ~~ ♻ Join the weekly robotics newsletter, and never miss any news →

Welcome to the pico world! 🔬 Micro-dispensing at the picoliter scale is incredible when you compare it to everyday numbers: a single raindrop is about 50 microliters, roughly 50 million times larger than a picoliter. Being able to place droplets this small without touching the surface is key for biotech, diagnostics, and micro-electronics, where tiny volumes matter. And at this scale, two basics become critical: → Accuracy = how close you are to the real value. → Precision = how repeatable each droplet is. I could watch it all day long! 🤯 ~~ ♻ Join the weekly robotics newsletter, and never miss any news →

Lukas Ziegler

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Welcome to the pico world! 🔬 Micro-dispensing at the picoliter scale is incredible when you compare it to everyday numbers: a single raindrop is about 50 microliters, roughly 50 million times larger than a picoliter. Being able to place droplets this small without touching the surface is key for biotech, diagnostics, and micro-electronics, where tiny volumes matter. And at this scale, two basics become critical: → Accuracy = how close you are to the real value. → Precision = how repeatable each droplet is. I could watch it all day long! ~~ ♻️ Join the weekly robotics newsletter, and never miss any news →

Welcome to the pico world! 🔬 Micro-dispensing at the picoliter scale is incredible when you compare it to everyday numbers: a single raindrop is about 50 microliters, roughly 50 million times larger than a picoliter. Being able to place droplets this small without touching the surface is key for biotech, diagnostics, and micro-electronics, where tiny volumes matter. And at this scale, two basics become critical: → Accuracy = how close you are to the real value. → Precision = how repeatable each droplet is. I could watch it all day long! ~~ ♻️ Join the weekly robotics newsletter, and never miss any news →

Lukas Ziegler

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.Dwarkesh Patel: By 2030, it will be less expensive to monitor every single nook and cranny in America than it is to remodel the White House. “Mass surveillance is, at least in certain forms, already legal. It has just been impractical to enforce so far. Under current law, you have no Fourth Amendment protection against any data you share with a third party. That includes your bank, your ISP, your phone carrier, and your email provider. The government reserves the right to purchase and read this data in bulk without a warrant. What’s been missing is the ability to actually do anything with all of this data — no agency has the manpower to monitor every single camera, read every single message, and cross-reference every single transaction. However, that bottleneck goes away with AI. There are 100 million CCTV cameras in America. You can get pretty good open source multimodal models for 10 cents per million input tokens. So if you process a frame every ten seconds, and each frame is 1,000 tokens, then for 30 billion dollars, you can process every single camera in America. And remember that a given level of AI ability gets 10x cheaper every single year - so a year from now it’ll cost 3 billion, and then a year after 300 million, and by 2030, it’ll be less expensive to monitor every single nook and cranny in this country than it is to remodel the White House. Once the technical capacity for mass surveillance and political suppression exists, the only thing standing between us and an authoritarian state is the political expectation that this is not something we do here.”

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Fireside Alpha

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Because of this video, this may be the single thread that allows modern robots in 2040 to weave a basket. I have encoded this into AI models and if the wind is at my back, it will be in your robot open source.

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So how do you confine a superhot, 100M°C fusion plasma? With superstrong magnets, of course. 🧲 We've now installed three of the 18 toroidal field (TF) magnets needed for our SPARC fusion demonstration machine. TF magnets are one of the three major magnet types we'll use in SPARC (the others being the poloidal field and central solenoid magnets) to corral the plasma once the machine is operating. Because plasma is made up of charged particles, it responds to a magnetic field. It's a technique refined over dozens of earlier tokamaks built around the world that manage this highly energetic cloud of particles that's hotter than the center of the sun. #SPARC #Magnets #FusionEnergy

So how do you confine a superhot, 100M°C fusion plasma? With superstrong magnets, of course. 🧲 We've now installed three of the 18 toroidal field (TF) magnets needed for our SPARC fusion demonstration machine. TF magnets are one of the three major magnet types we'll use in SPARC (the others being the poloidal field and central solenoid magnets) to corral the plasma once the machine is operating. Because plasma is made up of charged particles, it responds to a magnetic field. It's a technique refined over dozens of earlier tokamaks built around the world that manage this highly energetic cloud of particles that's hotter than the center of the sun. #SPARC #Magnets #FusionEnergy

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No joke, I honestly trust Tesla FSD more than myself. It takes a split second for something to happen. I’d rather have 8 cameras and AI watching the road at all times. The data proves it’s 7x safer than a human at driving.

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Researchers at Tokamak Energy have captured for the first time a real-time, high-speed video of plasma behaviour inside their ST40 spherical tokamak, tracking visible green and red light emissions as the fusion process occurs. This visual insight comes via a camera operating at thousands of frames per second, offering unprecedented detail of how the plasma evolves, interacts with the surrounding lithium blanket and outer regions, and ultimately radiates energy. The imaging enables scientists to observe how the ultra-hot core transitions outward into cooler zones, how magnetic confinement shapes the plasma behaviour, and how impurities or outer-region interactions influence the process. By giving a ‘star-in-a-donut’ view of fusion in action, this breakthrough adds a new diagnostic tool to the development of fusion energy, helping engineers refine the magnetic confinement, optimise plasma stability and better understand the heat and light flows at play. It was slowed down by 100x. All this was for 0.3s A tokamak is one of the most advanced devices ever created to achieve controlled nuclear fusion, the same process that powers the Sun. Its goal is simple in principle but incredibly challenging in practice: heat a gas until it becomes plasma, raise that plasma to over 100 million degrees, and confine it long enough for hydrogen nuclei to fuse and release energy. Because no material container can survive such temperatures, a tokamak uses powerful magnetic fields to hold and shape the plasma like an invisible cage. The device has a distinctive doughnut-shaped (toroidal) chamber surrounded by magnetic coils. When the machine is switched on, electric currents and external magnets work together to create helical magnetic fields that trap the plasma and keep it away from the walls. As the plasma spirals around these magnetic lines, it heats up dramatically. Additional heating comes from methods like radio-frequency waves and neutral-beam injection, pushing the plasma toward the extreme temperatures needed for fusion. Inside this tightly controlled environment, hydrogen isotopes such as deuterium and tritium can collide and fuse, releasing fast neutrons and a burst of energy. The goal of tokamak research is to reach a point where the fusion reactions produce more energy than the system consumes, a milestone known as “net energy gain.” Modern machines like ITER, JET, and Tokamak Energy’s ST40 are bringing this vision closer, using advanced diagnostics, superconducting magnets, and increasingly stable plasma control. 👉

Researchers at Tokamak Energy have captured for the first time a real-time, high-speed video of plasma behaviour inside their ST40 spherical tokamak, tracking visible green and red light emissions as the fusion process occurs. This visual insight comes via a camera operating at thousands of frames per second, offering unprecedented detail of how the plasma evolves, interacts with the surrounding lithium blanket and outer regions, and ultimately radiates energy. The imaging enables scientists to observe how the ultra-hot core transitions outward into cooler zones, how magnetic confinement shapes the plasma behaviour, and how impurities or outer-region interactions influence the process. By giving a ‘star-in-a-donut’ view of fusion in action, this breakthrough adds a new diagnostic tool to the development of fusion energy, helping engineers refine the magnetic confinement, optimise plasma stability and better understand the heat and light flows at play. It was slowed down by 100x. All this was for 0.3s A tokamak is one of the most advanced devices ever created to achieve controlled nuclear fusion, the same process that powers the Sun. Its goal is simple in principle but incredibly challenging in practice: heat a gas until it becomes plasma, raise that plasma to over 100 million degrees, and confine it long enough for hydrogen nuclei to fuse and release energy. Because no material container can survive such temperatures, a tokamak uses powerful magnetic fields to hold and shape the plasma like an invisible cage. The device has a distinctive doughnut-shaped (toroidal) chamber surrounded by magnetic coils. When the machine is switched on, electric currents and external magnets work together to create helical magnetic fields that trap the plasma and keep it away from the walls. As the plasma spirals around these magnetic lines, it heats up dramatically. Additional heating comes from methods like radio-frequency waves and neutral-beam injection, pushing the plasma toward the extreme temperatures needed for fusion. Inside this tightly controlled environment, hydrogen isotopes such as deuterium and tritium can collide and fuse, releasing fast neutrons and a burst of energy. The goal of tokamak research is to reach a point where the fusion reactions produce more energy than the system consumes, a milestone known as “net energy gain.” Modern machines like ITER, JET, and Tokamak Energy’s ST40 are bringing this vision closer, using advanced diagnostics, superconducting magnets, and increasingly stable plasma control. 👉

Erika 

162,540 次观看 • 9 个月前

ACCELERATOR-BASED LITHOGRAPHY AND THE INDUCTION STORAGE RING LIGHT SOURCE The future of chipmaking may look less like a factory and more like a power grid. The proposed “Terafab” paradigm reimagines semiconductor manufacturing at utility scale: chip design, wafer fabrication, EUV lithography, memory, advanced packaging, and testing all under one roof, with the ambition of producing more than one terawatt of AI compute capacity per year. Its most radical innovation is treating light as a utility. Today, each EUV scanner relies on its own laser-produced plasma source, firing lasers at molten tin to generate 13.5 nm light. The process is inefficient, intensely hot, debris-heavy, and difficult to scale. Terafab replaces those individual sources with centralized, accelerator-driven free-electron lasers capable of distributing multi-kilowatt EUV light across an entire network of scanners. The advantages could be transformative: • No tin contamination or destructive plasma debris • Higher efficiency through electron-beam energy recovery • Greater photon flux to suppress stochastic defects at sub-3 nm nodes • Redundant accelerators that keep scanners operating during maintenance • Tunable wavelengths, potentially enabling 6.x nm “Beyond EUV” lithography THAT LAST POINT MATTERS ENORMOUSLY Conventional EUV is locked to the atomic emission of tin. Free-electron lasers are not. Their wavelength can be tuned through the energy of the electron beam creating a possible path beyond today’s 13.5 nm limit. If realized, Terafab would represent more than a larger semiconductor plant. It would transform lithography from a collection of isolated tools into shared industrial infrastructure. The next era of chipmaking may not be defined by a better machine. It may be defined by an entirely new architecture for manufacturing intelligence at civilization scale.

ACCELERATOR-BASED LITHOGRAPHY AND THE INDUCTION STORAGE RING LIGHT SOURCE The future of chipmaking may look less like a factory and more like a power grid. The proposed “Terafab” paradigm reimagines semiconductor manufacturing at utility scale: chip design, wafer fabrication, EUV lithography, memory, advanced packaging, and testing all under one roof, with the ambition of producing more than one terawatt of AI compute capacity per year. Its most radical innovation is treating light as a utility. Today, each EUV scanner relies on its own laser-produced plasma source, firing lasers at molten tin to generate 13.5 nm light. The process is inefficient, intensely hot, debris-heavy, and difficult to scale. Terafab replaces those individual sources with centralized, accelerator-driven free-electron lasers capable of distributing multi-kilowatt EUV light across an entire network of scanners. The advantages could be transformative: • No tin contamination or destructive plasma debris • Higher efficiency through electron-beam energy recovery • Greater photon flux to suppress stochastic defects at sub-3 nm nodes • Redundant accelerators that keep scanners operating during maintenance • Tunable wavelengths, potentially enabling 6.x nm “Beyond EUV” lithography THAT LAST POINT MATTERS ENORMOUSLY Conventional EUV is locked to the atomic emission of tin. Free-electron lasers are not. Their wavelength can be tuned through the energy of the electron beam creating a possible path beyond today’s 13.5 nm limit. If realized, Terafab would represent more than a larger semiconductor plant. It would transform lithography from a collection of isolated tools into shared industrial infrastructure. The next era of chipmaking may not be defined by a better machine. It may be defined by an entirely new architecture for manufacturing intelligence at civilization scale.

Lacey

12,186 次观看 • 15 天前