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Two university students sit in the same lecture. Same professor, same material, equal intelligence, equal interest in the subject. One brain is alive with coordinated fireworks, connections firing across every region. The other shows dim, scattered flickers, like isolated islands of activity. So why the gap? One is holding...

47,748 görüntüleme • 16 gün önce •via X (Twitter)

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Have you ever wondered why Mahatma Gandhi placed such emphasis on khadi? Why did he frame the entire freedom struggle around the concept of khadi? And why did he only wear khadi? Because khadi is not just a cloth. Khadi is the expression of the people of India. It is the imagination, it is the sentiment, it is the productive force of the people of India. It is the expression of the people of India. Whichever state you go to, you will find different fabrics, and you will find that all these fabrics represent the people. When the people of Assam give you gamcha, they are not just giving you a piece of cloth; they are giving you a piece of their history, their tradition, their imagination. It's the same with people from other states. These fabrics are beautiful, but when you see these fabrics closely, you will find that each one of them has thousands of little threads embracing each other. All threads are equal. The threads cannot protect you or keep you warm, but when they come together as a fabric, they can keep you warm, protect you, and they can express what you have in your heart. In the same way, our nation is also a fabric. A fabric made up of 1.4 billion people, and the fabric is woven together by votes. The idea that every thread, every person in the union of India is equal - that disturbs my friends in RSS. They are happy to see the fabric, but they cannot stand the idea that every single person in our fabric, in our country, is equal. : LoP Shri Rahul Gandhi in LokSabha

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13,788 görüntüleme • 6 ay önce

Martha Nussbaum on why Aristotle believed you are not made of matter. In a 1987 interview on the Great Philosophers, philosopher Martha Nussbaum lays out Aristotle's three-part case against material reductionism, the idea that what you fundamentally are is just the stuff you're made of. His argument is more intuitive than it might sound. First: your matter is always changing. "Matter is always going in and out; it's always changing and of course you do change your material constituents very, very often without ceasing to be yourself." Your cells replace themselves. Your body is not the same collection of atoms it was years ago. And yet you are still you. If your identity were your matter, it would vanish and return constantly. But it doesn't. Something persists that isn't the material. Second: what makes a thing that thing is its function, not its parts. Aristotle uses the example of a ship. Replace some of its planks so long as "its functional structure remains the same, we could always replace bits of the matter without having a different thing in our hands." It's still the same ship. The same logic applies to you. Swap out the components, preserve the structure and function and the identity remains intact. This suggests identity lives in the organisation, not the raw material. Third: matter alone is too vague to define anything. This is perhaps his sharpest point. "Matter is just a lump or heap of stuff and so we couldn't say you are some stuff or other; it's only when we've identified the structure that the stuff constitutes that we can even go on to say something intelligent about the stuff itself." In other words: matter, by itself, tells you nothing. It's formless. You need structure form, function, organisation before you can even begin to describe what a thing is. The deeper implication Aristotle is reaching toward: what makes you you isn't a quantity of carbon and water. It's a pattern. A functional whole. A form that persists through constant material flux. Which raises the question if identity isn't located in matter, where exactly does it live?

Mateus — eu/acc 🇪🇺

69,935 görüntüleme • 3 ay önce