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Visited Bharat’s largest solar cell manufacturing facility. World class scale, technology & precision. Complex chemistry behind every solar cell involves ultra-pure materials. The process involves complex gases and specialty chemicals, handled in cleanroom environments. 📍Waaree Energies at Chikhli, Gujarat

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Ashwini Vaishnaw

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117,822 views • 10 months ago •via X (Twitter)

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Precision at scale. Inside our stringer machines, more than 70 solar cells per minute are connected into high-performance cell strings — the electrical core of every solar module. All powered by materials and manufacturing capacity rooted in America’s industrial base.
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Precision at scale. Inside our stringer machines, more than 70 solar cells per minute are connected into high-performance cell strings — the electrical core of every solar module. All powered by materials and manufacturing capacity rooted in America’s industrial base.

T1 Energy

167,575 views • 2 months ago

🇨🇳🇯🇵 China pulls ahead of Japan in race for next-generation solar power 👉 China now leads the world in perovskite solar cell patenting, overtaking Japan, which pioneered the technology. What’s known about the innovation? 🟠 Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are lightweight, thin-film, and relatively inexpensive materials used to produce flexible solar cells. They can be integrated into buildings, vehicles, and other urban structures 🟠 Invented in 2009 by Japanese scientist Tsutomu Miyasaka, PSCs have rapidly advanced, reaching power conversion efficiencies of over 27% 🟠 By 2020, China had surpassed Japan in annual patent applications in this field 🟠 By 2025, China’s battery giant Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Ltd. (CATL) had overtaken Panasonic Holdings in both intellectual property and manufacturing scale for these flexible cells 🟠 Meanwhile, researchers at Russia's ITMO University have developed PSCs with even higher efficiency using semiconductor nanocrystals
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🇨🇳🇯🇵 China pulls ahead of Japan in race for next-generation solar power 👉 China now leads the world in perovskite solar cell patenting, overtaking Japan, which pioneered the technology. What’s known about the innovation? 🟠 Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are lightweight, thin-film, and relatively inexpensive materials used to produce flexible solar cells. They can be integrated into buildings, vehicles, and other urban structures 🟠 Invented in 2009 by Japanese scientist Tsutomu Miyasaka, PSCs have rapidly advanced, reaching power conversion efficiencies of over 27% 🟠 By 2020, China had surpassed Japan in annual patent applications in this field 🟠 By 2025, China’s battery giant Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Ltd. (CATL) had overtaken Panasonic Holdings in both intellectual property and manufacturing scale for these flexible cells 🟠 Meanwhile, researchers at Russia's ITMO University have developed PSCs with even higher efficiency using semiconductor nanocrystals

Sputnik

20,460 views • 3 months ago

Canada's first orbital-class rocket engine is now being manufactured! Our patent pending Hadfield-150 engine is the largest and most powerful rocket engine ever built in Canada, and the first known Canadian orbital-class engine to make it to this stage. The Hadfield-150 builds on everything we learned after years of painstakingly designing, manufacturing, and testing the Hadfield-10 series, our first regeneratively cooled and additively manufactured liquid rocket engine. Every engine test, both successful and unsuccessful on our Darkhorse test stand at Area 66, retired risk that's now carried straight into Hadfield-150 and sovereign orbital launch for Canada. A few details about the Hadfield-150 engine series: ✅ Designed to power Tundra and Tundra+, our light and medium-lift launch vehicles, and built to scale to Tempest, our larger reusable medium lift vehicle ✅ Manufactured entirely in-house, from design to print to test, for true sovereign launch capability ✅ Produced at Rocket Factory 1, on our expanding fleet of metal additive manufacturing systems at the AMA Lab, including the largest known metal 3D printer in Canada ✅ Designed for reusability and medium-lift scale from the outset, and built to significantly cut the time, infrastructure, manufacturing and cost iterative engine testing usually requires, with room to scale to even larger engines by leveraging the same design ✅ Capable of engine-out functionality, so losing one on an early flight doesn't have to mean losing the mission ✅ Optimized for Canada's Launch the North initiative, to deliver sovereign operational capability in a time and cost efficient manner Initial testing starts later this year at our new Blackhawk orbital engine test cell at Area 66, our private test range in Ontario. Stacked, integrated vehicle testing comes later at the Atlantic Spaceport Complex, our spaceport in Newfoundland and Labrador. Stay tuned for some exciting and fiery milestones ahead! 🚀🇨🇦 National Defence Defence Research and Development Canada Canadian Space Agency Transport Canada NGen Canada
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Canada's first orbital-class rocket engine is now being manufactured! Our patent pending Hadfield-150 engine is the largest and most powerful rocket engine ever built in Canada, and the first known Canadian orbital-class engine to make it to this stage. The Hadfield-150 builds on everything we learned after years of painstakingly designing, manufacturing, and testing the Hadfield-10 series, our first regeneratively cooled and additively manufactured liquid rocket engine. Every engine test, both successful and unsuccessful on our Darkhorse test stand at Area 66, retired risk that's now carried straight into Hadfield-150 and sovereign orbital launch for Canada. A few details about the Hadfield-150 engine series: ✅ Designed to power Tundra and Tundra+, our light and medium-lift launch vehicles, and built to scale to Tempest, our larger reusable medium lift vehicle ✅ Manufactured entirely in-house, from design to print to test, for true sovereign launch capability ✅ Produced at Rocket Factory 1, on our expanding fleet of metal additive manufacturing systems at the AMA Lab, including the largest known metal 3D printer in Canada ✅ Designed for reusability and medium-lift scale from the outset, and built to significantly cut the time, infrastructure, manufacturing and cost iterative engine testing usually requires, with room to scale to even larger engines by leveraging the same design ✅ Capable of engine-out functionality, so losing one on an early flight doesn't have to mean losing the mission ✅ Optimized for Canada's Launch the North initiative, to deliver sovereign operational capability in a time and cost efficient manner Initial testing starts later this year at our new Blackhawk orbital engine test cell at Area 66, our private test range in Ontario. Stacked, integrated vehicle testing comes later at the Atlantic Spaceport Complex, our spaceport in Newfoundland and Labrador. Stay tuned for some exciting and fiery milestones ahead! 🚀🇨🇦 National Defence Defence Research and Development Canada Canadian Space Agency Transport Canada NGen Canada

NordSpace 🇨🇦

27,495 views • 1 month ago

Canadian Solar [Full Investment Thesis]: Everything You Need to Know About $CSIQ “THE GREAT SOLAR RECKONING” ☀️ 🔋$CSIQ became my largest position earlier this year, after I had been studying the company since 2023. Here is my 250-page, ~three-hour presentation on Canadian Solar. I made this video to compress the 1,000+ hours of work already done here, hopefully helping speed up the learning curve for anyone interested.☀️🔋 This is not meant to be flawless. It is meant to be done. I believe $CSIQ is entering one of the most promising periods in its history. With $15B+ in total assets, three multi-billion-dollar businesses spanning solar manufacturing, storage manufacturing, and project development across six continents, and a mere ~$1B market capitalization, Canadian Solar is poised to be one of the top energy performers in 2026. The market has left this company for dead. But underneath the surface, the foundations of the business have been getting stronger: - While the solar industry wrongly spent on building overcapacity, Canadian Solar was one of the few companies slowing down and investing upstream into its project development arm. - While everyone looked to globalize supply chains, Canadian Solar has been building its manufacturing presence in the U.S. since 2023. - While much of the industry was still debating battery storage, Canadian Solar was already building gigawatt-scale projects in 2021. Today, it is reaping the benefits of having been a first mover. This is the story of a company that, despite operating in a ruthless and complicated industry, has consistently been deliberate and rational in its capital allocation decisions. It remains founder-led, with the founder still owning ~20% of the company. Shareholder value creation will always be top of mind, regardless of the market’s current irrationality. The solar industry, like every commodity industry, is deeply cyclical. I am convinced we have already seen the worst of it, and that better profitability is ahead for equipment manufacturers. This is already starting to show in CSI Solar’s Q1 2026 results, with $100M+ in operating profit for the quarter. The supply-demand imbalance for electricity should result in excess profitability. $CSIQ is about to make the undeniable obvious: Canadian Solar is a Western (actually, global) leader in renewable energy. Not middle of the pack. At the very top. They produce ~25 GW of solar modules per year and ~15 GWh of storage per year. For reference, the entire U.S. added roughly 60 GW of total generation capacity in 2025. And they do not only manufacture. They also develop, engineer, construct, and operate billions of dollars of energy assets. That creates a powerful learning and feedback loop between manufacturing and operations, allowing them to stay ahead of the curve. Their BESS experience is the clearest example. At first glance, my estimates and projections may look overly optimistic. But I would ask you to take the time to analyze each one individually. I think you will see that even my bull case uses assumptions that many people already treat as base case assumptions for comparable companies such as $FLNC, $TE, $FSLR, $AMRC, $NXT, and others. My base case assumes roughly half the profitability the industry expects from peers, and still results in an ~10x investment opportunity. Not growing into it. Worth that today. Please feel free to share your thoughts, feedback, questions, and pushback!! ☀️☀️🔋🔋 Timeline CSIQ: 0:00 Introduction 1:38 Executive Summary 11:35 Macro 18:15 Corporate History 21:00 Management & Team 25:10 Solar Industry & Market 42:47 CSI Solar - the $7B solar behemoth $CSIQ owns 57:00 Project Demand - CSI Solar 1:00:05 BESS Subsidiary with Multi-GWh Firm Orders 1:05:35 Project Demand for e-Storage/BESS 1:11:44 Recurrent Energy - The Multi-Billion Renewable Project Developer 1:34:36 US Manufacturing - 10GWs of Capacity and First Ever to Produce Solar Cells Domestically 1:56:15 Competitors 2:19:29 Litigation 2:28:32 Quality 2:30:52 Valuation & Financial Analysis 2:40:40 Conclusion 2:43:15 Miscellaneous Disclaimer: This post is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute financial advice, investment advice, or a recommendation to buy or sell $CSIQ or any other security mentioned here. I am not a registered investment advisor (RIA). Always do your own research (DYOR). I and/or accounts under my management or discretion, may currently hold positions in $CSIQ and may purchase or sell shares at any time without further notice. My opinions, price targets, and allocation suggestions are my personal views and can change without prior notice. Investing in stocks involves a significant risk of loss of capital. Past performance is not indicative of future results. If you found this useful, follow me for more deep dives like this. I spend a ridiculous amount of time studying this whole ecosystem. Please like and share this post if you think more people should be aware of how attractive Canadian Solar could be as an investment opportunity.
2:50:23

Canadian Solar [Full Investment Thesis]: Everything You Need to Know About $CSIQ “THE GREAT SOLAR RECKONING” ☀️ 🔋$CSIQ became my largest position earlier this year, after I had been studying the company since 2023. Here is my 250-page, ~three-hour presentation on Canadian Solar. I made this video to compress the 1,000+ hours of work already done here, hopefully helping speed up the learning curve for anyone interested.☀️🔋 This is not meant to be flawless. It is meant to be done. I believe $CSIQ is entering one of the most promising periods in its history. With $15B+ in total assets, three multi-billion-dollar businesses spanning solar manufacturing, storage manufacturing, and project development across six continents, and a mere ~$1B market capitalization, Canadian Solar is poised to be one of the top energy performers in 2026. The market has left this company for dead. But underneath the surface, the foundations of the business have been getting stronger: - While the solar industry wrongly spent on building overcapacity, Canadian Solar was one of the few companies slowing down and investing upstream into its project development arm. - While everyone looked to globalize supply chains, Canadian Solar has been building its manufacturing presence in the U.S. since 2023. - While much of the industry was still debating battery storage, Canadian Solar was already building gigawatt-scale projects in 2021. Today, it is reaping the benefits of having been a first mover. This is the story of a company that, despite operating in a ruthless and complicated industry, has consistently been deliberate and rational in its capital allocation decisions. It remains founder-led, with the founder still owning ~20% of the company. Shareholder value creation will always be top of mind, regardless of the market’s current irrationality. The solar industry, like every commodity industry, is deeply cyclical. I am convinced we have already seen the worst of it, and that better profitability is ahead for equipment manufacturers. This is already starting to show in CSI Solar’s Q1 2026 results, with $100M+ in operating profit for the quarter. The supply-demand imbalance for electricity should result in excess profitability. $CSIQ is about to make the undeniable obvious: Canadian Solar is a Western (actually, global) leader in renewable energy. Not middle of the pack. At the very top. They produce ~25 GW of solar modules per year and ~15 GWh of storage per year. For reference, the entire U.S. added roughly 60 GW of total generation capacity in 2025. And they do not only manufacture. They also develop, engineer, construct, and operate billions of dollars of energy assets. That creates a powerful learning and feedback loop between manufacturing and operations, allowing them to stay ahead of the curve. Their BESS experience is the clearest example. At first glance, my estimates and projections may look overly optimistic. But I would ask you to take the time to analyze each one individually. I think you will see that even my bull case uses assumptions that many people already treat as base case assumptions for comparable companies such as $FLNC, $TE, $FSLR, $AMRC, $NXT, and others. My base case assumes roughly half the profitability the industry expects from peers, and still results in an ~10x investment opportunity. Not growing into it. Worth that today. Please feel free to share your thoughts, feedback, questions, and pushback!! ☀️☀️🔋🔋 Timeline CSIQ: 0:00 Introduction 1:38 Executive Summary 11:35 Macro 18:15 Corporate History 21:00 Management & Team 25:10 Solar Industry & Market 42:47 CSI Solar - the $7B solar behemoth $CSIQ owns 57:00 Project Demand - CSI Solar 1:00:05 BESS Subsidiary with Multi-GWh Firm Orders 1:05:35 Project Demand for e-Storage/BESS 1:11:44 Recurrent Energy - The Multi-Billion Renewable Project Developer 1:34:36 US Manufacturing - 10GWs of Capacity and First Ever to Produce Solar Cells Domestically 1:56:15 Competitors 2:19:29 Litigation 2:28:32 Quality 2:30:52 Valuation & Financial Analysis 2:40:40 Conclusion 2:43:15 Miscellaneous Disclaimer: This post is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute financial advice, investment advice, or a recommendation to buy or sell $CSIQ or any other security mentioned here. I am not a registered investment advisor (RIA). Always do your own research (DYOR). I and/or accounts under my management or discretion, may currently hold positions in $CSIQ and may purchase or sell shares at any time without further notice. My opinions, price targets, and allocation suggestions are my personal views and can change without prior notice. Investing in stocks involves a significant risk of loss of capital. Past performance is not indicative of future results. If you found this useful, follow me for more deep dives like this. I spend a ridiculous amount of time studying this whole ecosystem. Please like and share this post if you think more people should be aware of how attractive Canadian Solar could be as an investment opportunity.

Lucas Sacerdote🔋

94,712 views • 3 months ago

🚨 LOS ANGELES IS BREATHING TOXIC SMOKE UNDER A STATE OF EMERGENCY — AND THE BLACKROCK CONNECTION IS RINGING ALARM BELLS A massive fire has been burning for days at a Lineage cold-storage facility in Boyle Heights, sending a thick smoke plume across Los Angeles while residents are being warned about air quality and urged to limit exposure. Millions of people are being told to stay inside, keep their windows closed, avoid outdoor activity, and change the way they live because a single corporate facility suffered a catastrophic failure. This isn't some small warehouse on the edge of town. Lineage is one of the largest cold-storage companies on Earth, operating hundreds of facilities and controlling a critical piece of the food supply chain. The Boyle Heights complex is a massive industrial site packed with refrigeration systems, specialized insulation materials, rooftop solar infrastructure, and tens of millions of pounds of stored food. And this isn't the first major fire linked to this location. The same facility experienced a significant rooftop solar panel fire in 2024. Now another massive fire is burning for days, emergency declarations have been issued, toxic smoke continues drifting across the region, and millions of people are left dealing with the fallout. Then people started looking into who stands behind the company. Can you guess who’s among the major institutional investors? BlackRock…. and Vanguard. And that's where the questions start. Every time something like this happens, the public is told everything is under control. Every time the warnings get extended. Every time the smoke keeps coming. Every time ordinary people are expected to absorb the consequences while the corporations behind these facilities keep moving forward. Maybe it's exactly what we're being told. But after the emergency declarations, the repeat fire, the toxic smoke, and the Wall Street connections, a lot of people aren't so sure. How many times are people expected to ignore the red flags before they start connecting the dots?
2:21

🚨 LOS ANGELES IS BREATHING TOXIC SMOKE UNDER A STATE OF EMERGENCY — AND THE BLACKROCK CONNECTION IS RINGING ALARM BELLS A massive fire has been burning for days at a Lineage cold-storage facility in Boyle Heights, sending a thick smoke plume across Los Angeles while residents are being warned about air quality and urged to limit exposure. Millions of people are being told to stay inside, keep their windows closed, avoid outdoor activity, and change the way they live because a single corporate facility suffered a catastrophic failure. This isn't some small warehouse on the edge of town. Lineage is one of the largest cold-storage companies on Earth, operating hundreds of facilities and controlling a critical piece of the food supply chain. The Boyle Heights complex is a massive industrial site packed with refrigeration systems, specialized insulation materials, rooftop solar infrastructure, and tens of millions of pounds of stored food. And this isn't the first major fire linked to this location. The same facility experienced a significant rooftop solar panel fire in 2024. Now another massive fire is burning for days, emergency declarations have been issued, toxic smoke continues drifting across the region, and millions of people are left dealing with the fallout. Then people started looking into who stands behind the company. Can you guess who’s among the major institutional investors? BlackRock…. and Vanguard. And that's where the questions start. Every time something like this happens, the public is told everything is under control. Every time the warnings get extended. Every time the smoke keeps coming. Every time ordinary people are expected to absorb the consequences while the corporations behind these facilities keep moving forward. Maybe it's exactly what we're being told. But after the emergency declarations, the repeat fire, the toxic smoke, and the Wall Street connections, a lot of people aren't so sure. How many times are people expected to ignore the red flags before they start connecting the dots?

HustleBitch

25,319 views • 1 month ago

🇪🇺🔥 Europe’s manufacturing edge is at real risk – too much capacity is moving to China, and what stays is hard to scale. The surprising solution might be a two-arm robot cell being built in a new lab in Ljubljana. I visited Sunrise Robotics to see how they’re building a new type of automation that could reshape European industry. Why it matters: • Europe is the world’s #2 manufacturing hub (~17–18%) • 50%+ of output is small-batch (high-mix/low-volume) → hard to automate • Millions of workers will retire or be out of job due to outsourcing • Sunrise created a standardized, simulation-trained cell • One operator can supervise multiple of these stations to build more complex products • This is a key to keeping factories – and competitiveness – in Europe I truly think Sunrise can become a global automation leader – disclaimer: I was their first (small) investor and first (big) fan. 🔥 The video shows everything: the test lab, the simulation stack, the UI, the assembly line, the first production batches… and a deep dive with CEO Tomaž Štolfa on the vision behind it. Full video link in the reply. If you enjoy it, please like + subscribe on YT – this really helps boost this kind of content. 🔥 If you care about robotics, automation, European competitiveness, or the future of work – checkout this video. PS: I was absurdly sick during the shoot… apologies for any sloppy camera work and spaced-out staring 😅
1:25

🇪🇺🔥 Europe’s manufacturing edge is at real risk – too much capacity is moving to China, and what stays is hard to scale. The surprising solution might be a two-arm robot cell being built in a new lab in Ljubljana. I visited Sunrise Robotics to see how they’re building a new type of automation that could reshape European industry. Why it matters: • Europe is the world’s #2 manufacturing hub (~17–18%) • 50%+ of output is small-batch (high-mix/low-volume) → hard to automate • Millions of workers will retire or be out of job due to outsourcing • Sunrise created a standardized, simulation-trained cell • One operator can supervise multiple of these stations to build more complex products • This is a key to keeping factories – and competitiveness – in Europe I truly think Sunrise can become a global automation leader – disclaimer: I was their first (small) investor and first (big) fan. 🔥 The video shows everything: the test lab, the simulation stack, the UI, the assembly line, the first production batches… and a deep dive with CEO Tomaž Štolfa on the vision behind it. Full video link in the reply. If you enjoy it, please like + subscribe on YT – this really helps boost this kind of content. 🔥 If you care about robotics, automation, European competitiveness, or the future of work – checkout this video. PS: I was absurdly sick during the shoot… apologies for any sloppy camera work and spaced-out staring 😅

Andreas Klinger 🦾

33,914 views • 9 months ago

$ASTI Ascent Solar Technologies Space and Drone Solar Panels The "Going to Zero" or Mispriced Space/Drone Solar Play Intro and comparison to $RKLB and $RDW panels Let’s get the ugly stuff out of the way first. $ASTI is a distressed penny stock with a ~$5M-$10M market cap. • They burn millions in cash. • 2024 Revenue: ~$40k. 2025 Revenue (YTD): ~$60k. • They generate less revenue than a single Tesla Model Y. • They have diluted shareholders relentlessly. $ASTI just raised $2M in December with the potential of $3.5M more via warrants while being a ~$5M mcap "company". Yikes. To most, this is "uninvestable trash." Stay away. Full stop. So why did I buy ~5% of the float? IF the technology works and IF they execute then I believe this is a massive market pricing dislocation about to inflect. They have been grinding for years and may finally be hitting an inflection point. $RKLB Rocketlab is the king of space solar and they are my second largest position overall, but here is why $ASTI might be a very high risk but asymmetric bet in Space & Defense right now. 1. The Tech Pivot: Flexible CIGS vs. The World Ascent started in 2005 but pivoted 2 years ago from consumer to pure-play Space & Defense. They have sunk ~$250M and 20 years of R&D into proprietary CIGS (Copper-Indium-Gallium-Selenide) thin-film technology while building out fully domestic and vertically integrated manufacturing capabilities. The Physics: • Thickness: 0.03 mm (Thinner than paper). • Flexibility: Wraps around drones/satellites; rolls up like a poster. • Durability: "Self-Healing" capabilities against space radiation. Can take a bullet or micrometeoroid and keep working. Can handle shocks/vibration. Does not shatter. The Metric that Matters: Specific Power (W/kg) (aka energy to weight ratio) In space, mass means cost and difficult decision decisions. • Rocket Lab ($RKLB) / Spectrolab: ~150 W/kg (System level). • Ascent Solar ($ASTI): ~1,960 W/kg (Module level). $ASTI is roughly 10x lighter for the same power output potential (mass-wise). This frees up design limitations and cost. 2. The Competition: $RKLB & $RDW Rocket Lab (SolAero) & Redwire (iROSA): • Tech: Rigid Crystal Cells (Multi-junction) embedded in a fabric mesh. • Pros: Extreme Efficiency (~30%+). Perfect for limited surface area. • Cons: Heavy, Brittle, Expensive ($3k-$10k per Watt). Manufacturing multi-junction cells (SolAero) involves slowly growing crystals in a vacuum chamber. With radiation the panels degrade and loose efficiency over time which will limit the satellite lifespan. • Use Case: James Webb Telescope, Flagship missions. Ascent Solar (ASTI): • Tech: Flexible Thin-Film on Plastic. • Pros: Ultra-light, Durable, Cheap ($500-$1k per Watt). Manufacturing CIGS is roughly similar to printing newspapers (roll-to-roll). The panels are radiation degradation resistant and will outlive the satellite • Cons: Lower Efficiency (~17.5%). Requires 2x surface area. • Use Case: Mega-Constellations (Starlink/Amazon Leo), Small/Low cost satellites, Drones, Deformable surfaces. The lower efficiency is not an ASTI failing. It is the inherent physics trade-off of not using glass/rigid silicone. The downside however is increased atmospheric drag with very larger/massive panel sheets. Because ASTI modules are ~50% less efficient than rigid panels, they require ~2x the physical surface area to generate the same amount of power. In GEO (High Orbit): Drag doesn't matter. Weight savings are king. A massive solar array allows for more sensors and longer project lifespan. ASTI is highly competitive here. In LEO (Low Orbit): Atmospheric drag is real. A massive solar array acts like a large parachute, causing the satellite to de-orbit faster unless it burns more fuel to stay up. At LEO, smaller satellites are a better fit for ASTI. 3. Durability & Radiation "Self-Healing" Radiation Hardness This is ASTI's "Ace in the Hole" for physics. The Problem: In space, high-energy protons (radiation) smash into solar cells, creating atomic "defects" that trap electrons. Over time, this kills the panel's power output (degradation). The CIGS Advantage: CIGS (Copper-Indium-Gallium-Selenide) material has a unique property where heat (annealing) allows the atomic structure to relax and "heal" these defects. Self-Healing: Because CIGS heals at relatively low temperatures (often achieved just by the sun heating the panel), it suffers significantly less degradation than traditional Silicon or even some GaAs panels over long missions in high-radiation belts (like MEO or GEO). Lifespan: While a rigid GaAs panel might lose 15-20% of its power over 15 years (enough to kill a satellite), CIGS panels heal and can maintain a flatter power curve, potentially outlasting the satellite itself in high-radiation orbits. 4. Brittleness & Flexibility ASTI (CIGS on Polyimide): Flexible. You can roll it like a poster. It can take a bullet or micrometeoroid and the hole will just be a dead spot; the rest of the panel keeps working. It does not shatter. Redwire (ROSA) & Rocket Lab (SolAero): Brittle Cells on a Flex Blanket. $RDW's ROSA (Roll-Out Solar Array) typically uses rigid multi-junction cells (made by SolAero/Rocket Lab or Spectrolab) mounted on a flexible mesh fabric. The Risk: If you bend the cells too far, they crack. They rely on the mesh backing for flexibility, but the active generating material is still a brittle crystal wafer. Much heavier, more expensive, and less durable than $ASTI's option 5. The Inflection Point (Why Now?) After years of silent struggle, late 2025 has seen an explosion of activity. Recent Agreements (Nov/Dec 2025): NovaSpark: Hydrogen-powered military drones. $ASTI panels generate power in the field → NovaSpark creates hydrogen fuel. CisLunar Industries: Integrating ASTI solar with power conversion hardware for deep space longevity. Defiant Space: A strategic alliance to act as the "door opener" for classified DoD/NATO programs. More headlines: Ascent Solar Technologies Provides Leading Space Company with Thin-Film PV modules for Spacecraft Power Generation Testing in Cislunar Space December 03, 2025 08:00 ET Ascent Solar Technologies Delivers Thin-Film PV for Saltwater Environment Durability and Space-Based Power Beaming Testing October 14, 2025 08:00 ET Ascent Solar Enters Teaming Agreement with Emtel Energy USA to Advance Thin-Film PV Energy Storage Capabilities September 16, 2025 08:00 ET Ascent Solar Technologies Signs MOU with Star Catcher Industries to Improve Power Capabilities for Thin-Film Solar Technology in Space August 28, 2025 08:00 ET Ascent Solar Technologies Establishes Rapid Thin-Film PV Delivery Process to Provide Customized Space Solar Products Ahead of Schedule on Mission Enabling Timelines August 07, 2025 08:00 ET The Pipeline (From Aug Corporate Presentation) 18 new NDA's signed in 2025. They are field testing with 3 major players: • Company A: Mega-constellation (+2,500 satellites). • Company B: Space Defense (Explicitly mentioned "Golden Dome"). • Company C: Satellite Manufacturer (30-200 unit scale). Management: New board members include a former founding member of SpaceX and a retired Air Force General and Deputy Assistant Secretary for Contracting (acquisitions expert). The company started in 2005 based out of Colorado, but two years ago pivoted to Space & Defense and away from consumer applications. Made in USA: Defense contracts heavily favor domestic supply chains. ASTI manufactures in Colorado. This is a huge moat against cheap Chinese solar. In their Q3 report they note that their market has seen sudden recent acceleration. The space solar industry is currently only capable of 8 to 12 MW per year of production meanwhile the demand is growing to over 100 MW per year. 6. The Risk (The Sword of Damocles) ⚠️ This is critical. $ASTI just raised ~$2M in December. Attached to that raise are ~2 Million Warrants with a strike price of $1.70. These are exercisable immediately. If the stock rips to $3.00, warrant holders exercise at $1.70 and dump on the market for a risk-free 76% profit. This creates a massive "sell wall" and potential 40% dilution of the float. Summary: This is a binary bet. • Bear Case: They run out of cash in 6 months, dilution spirals, stock goes to $0. • Bull Case: They land one of the "Company A/B/C" contracts. Revenue jumps from $60k to projected $20M+ in 2026. The stock reprices from a "bankrupt penny stock" to a "critical defense/space supplier." I have gradually accumulated ~5% of the float. I am ready for it to go to zero. But if the space economy demands "Cheap, Light, and Durable," $ASTI is the only public pure-play. Disclaimer: This is a very high-risk microcap. Do your own due diligence. Not financial advice.
3:04

$ASTI Ascent Solar Technologies Space and Drone Solar Panels The "Going to Zero" or Mispriced Space/Drone Solar Play Intro and comparison to $RKLB and $RDW panels Let’s get the ugly stuff out of the way first. $ASTI is a distressed penny stock with a ~$5M-$10M market cap. • They burn millions in cash. • 2024 Revenue: ~$40k. 2025 Revenue (YTD): ~$60k. • They generate less revenue than a single Tesla Model Y. • They have diluted shareholders relentlessly. $ASTI just raised $2M in December with the potential of $3.5M more via warrants while being a ~$5M mcap "company". Yikes. To most, this is "uninvestable trash." Stay away. Full stop. So why did I buy ~5% of the float? IF the technology works and IF they execute then I believe this is a massive market pricing dislocation about to inflect. They have been grinding for years and may finally be hitting an inflection point. $RKLB Rocketlab is the king of space solar and they are my second largest position overall, but here is why $ASTI might be a very high risk but asymmetric bet in Space & Defense right now. 1. The Tech Pivot: Flexible CIGS vs. The World Ascent started in 2005 but pivoted 2 years ago from consumer to pure-play Space & Defense. They have sunk ~$250M and 20 years of R&D into proprietary CIGS (Copper-Indium-Gallium-Selenide) thin-film technology while building out fully domestic and vertically integrated manufacturing capabilities. The Physics: • Thickness: 0.03 mm (Thinner than paper). • Flexibility: Wraps around drones/satellites; rolls up like a poster. • Durability: "Self-Healing" capabilities against space radiation. Can take a bullet or micrometeoroid and keep working. Can handle shocks/vibration. Does not shatter. The Metric that Matters: Specific Power (W/kg) (aka energy to weight ratio) In space, mass means cost and difficult decision decisions. • Rocket Lab ($RKLB) / Spectrolab: ~150 W/kg (System level). • Ascent Solar ($ASTI): ~1,960 W/kg (Module level). $ASTI is roughly 10x lighter for the same power output potential (mass-wise). This frees up design limitations and cost. 2. The Competition: $RKLB & $RDW Rocket Lab (SolAero) & Redwire (iROSA): • Tech: Rigid Crystal Cells (Multi-junction) embedded in a fabric mesh. • Pros: Extreme Efficiency (~30%+). Perfect for limited surface area. • Cons: Heavy, Brittle, Expensive ($3k-$10k per Watt). Manufacturing multi-junction cells (SolAero) involves slowly growing crystals in a vacuum chamber. With radiation the panels degrade and loose efficiency over time which will limit the satellite lifespan. • Use Case: James Webb Telescope, Flagship missions. Ascent Solar (ASTI): • Tech: Flexible Thin-Film on Plastic. • Pros: Ultra-light, Durable, Cheap ($500-$1k per Watt). Manufacturing CIGS is roughly similar to printing newspapers (roll-to-roll). The panels are radiation degradation resistant and will outlive the satellite • Cons: Lower Efficiency (~17.5%). Requires 2x surface area. • Use Case: Mega-Constellations (Starlink/Amazon Leo), Small/Low cost satellites, Drones, Deformable surfaces. The lower efficiency is not an ASTI failing. It is the inherent physics trade-off of not using glass/rigid silicone. The downside however is increased atmospheric drag with very larger/massive panel sheets. Because ASTI modules are ~50% less efficient than rigid panels, they require ~2x the physical surface area to generate the same amount of power. In GEO (High Orbit): Drag doesn't matter. Weight savings are king. A massive solar array allows for more sensors and longer project lifespan. ASTI is highly competitive here. In LEO (Low Orbit): Atmospheric drag is real. A massive solar array acts like a large parachute, causing the satellite to de-orbit faster unless it burns more fuel to stay up. At LEO, smaller satellites are a better fit for ASTI. 3. Durability & Radiation "Self-Healing" Radiation Hardness This is ASTI's "Ace in the Hole" for physics. The Problem: In space, high-energy protons (radiation) smash into solar cells, creating atomic "defects" that trap electrons. Over time, this kills the panel's power output (degradation). The CIGS Advantage: CIGS (Copper-Indium-Gallium-Selenide) material has a unique property where heat (annealing) allows the atomic structure to relax and "heal" these defects. Self-Healing: Because CIGS heals at relatively low temperatures (often achieved just by the sun heating the panel), it suffers significantly less degradation than traditional Silicon or even some GaAs panels over long missions in high-radiation belts (like MEO or GEO). Lifespan: While a rigid GaAs panel might lose 15-20% of its power over 15 years (enough to kill a satellite), CIGS panels heal and can maintain a flatter power curve, potentially outlasting the satellite itself in high-radiation orbits. 4. Brittleness & Flexibility ASTI (CIGS on Polyimide): Flexible. You can roll it like a poster. It can take a bullet or micrometeoroid and the hole will just be a dead spot; the rest of the panel keeps working. It does not shatter. Redwire (ROSA) & Rocket Lab (SolAero): Brittle Cells on a Flex Blanket. $RDW's ROSA (Roll-Out Solar Array) typically uses rigid multi-junction cells (made by SolAero/Rocket Lab or Spectrolab) mounted on a flexible mesh fabric. The Risk: If you bend the cells too far, they crack. They rely on the mesh backing for flexibility, but the active generating material is still a brittle crystal wafer. Much heavier, more expensive, and less durable than $ASTI's option 5. The Inflection Point (Why Now?) After years of silent struggle, late 2025 has seen an explosion of activity. Recent Agreements (Nov/Dec 2025): NovaSpark: Hydrogen-powered military drones. $ASTI panels generate power in the field → NovaSpark creates hydrogen fuel. CisLunar Industries: Integrating ASTI solar with power conversion hardware for deep space longevity. Defiant Space: A strategic alliance to act as the "door opener" for classified DoD/NATO programs. More headlines: Ascent Solar Technologies Provides Leading Space Company with Thin-Film PV modules for Spacecraft Power Generation Testing in Cislunar Space December 03, 2025 08:00 ET Ascent Solar Technologies Delivers Thin-Film PV for Saltwater Environment Durability and Space-Based Power Beaming Testing October 14, 2025 08:00 ET Ascent Solar Enters Teaming Agreement with Emtel Energy USA to Advance Thin-Film PV Energy Storage Capabilities September 16, 2025 08:00 ET Ascent Solar Technologies Signs MOU with Star Catcher Industries to Improve Power Capabilities for Thin-Film Solar Technology in Space August 28, 2025 08:00 ET Ascent Solar Technologies Establishes Rapid Thin-Film PV Delivery Process to Provide Customized Space Solar Products Ahead of Schedule on Mission Enabling Timelines August 07, 2025 08:00 ET The Pipeline (From Aug Corporate Presentation) 18 new NDA's signed in 2025. They are field testing with 3 major players: • Company A: Mega-constellation (+2,500 satellites). • Company B: Space Defense (Explicitly mentioned "Golden Dome"). • Company C: Satellite Manufacturer (30-200 unit scale). Management: New board members include a former founding member of SpaceX and a retired Air Force General and Deputy Assistant Secretary for Contracting (acquisitions expert). The company started in 2005 based out of Colorado, but two years ago pivoted to Space & Defense and away from consumer applications. Made in USA: Defense contracts heavily favor domestic supply chains. ASTI manufactures in Colorado. This is a huge moat against cheap Chinese solar. In their Q3 report they note that their market has seen sudden recent acceleration. The space solar industry is currently only capable of 8 to 12 MW per year of production meanwhile the demand is growing to over 100 MW per year. 6. The Risk (The Sword of Damocles) ⚠️ This is critical. $ASTI just raised ~$2M in December. Attached to that raise are ~2 Million Warrants with a strike price of $1.70. These are exercisable immediately. If the stock rips to $3.00, warrant holders exercise at $1.70 and dump on the market for a risk-free 76% profit. This creates a massive "sell wall" and potential 40% dilution of the float. Summary: This is a binary bet. • Bear Case: They run out of cash in 6 months, dilution spirals, stock goes to $0. • Bull Case: They land one of the "Company A/B/C" contracts. Revenue jumps from $60k to projected $20M+ in 2026. The stock reprices from a "bankrupt penny stock" to a "critical defense/space supplier." I have gradually accumulated ~5% of the float. I am ready for it to go to zero. But if the space economy demands "Cheap, Light, and Durable," $ASTI is the only public pure-play. Disclaimer: This is a very high-risk microcap. Do your own due diligence. Not financial advice.

YeahDave

208,349 views • 8 months ago

In a newly released technical update, SpaceX's leadership team, which includes communications manager Dan Huot, Director of Satellite Engineering Ian Dahl, and CEO Elon Musk, detailed a highly ambitious infrastructure roadmap to design, manufacture, and operate specialized artificial intelligence computing satellites at scale. Positioned as a major strategic pillar to dramatically elevate civilizational energy and processing capacity on the Kardashev scale, this strategy moves past traditional communications architectures into massive orbital server arrays. Here is the complete breakdown of the core technologies and timelines driving this space-based intelligence revolution: 🛰️ AI1 satellite power and compute capacity Ian Dahl and Elon Musk introduced the baseline performance targets for the first-generation AI1 satellite, explaining how its custom hardware is engineered to operate like an orbital data center server rack. Ian Dahl noted that their direct operational experience with xAI guided them to target a 150-kilowatt peak power capacity. To manage active machine learning workloads continuously, Elon Musk explained that the satellite is optimized to maintain a sustained average compute power envelope of 120 kilowatts, which directly mirrors the real-world performance of a terrestrial NVIDIA server rack. The official presentation slides outline several key operational metrics for this payload configuration: ⚡ The custom architecture delivers a 150 kW peak compute payload. 🔋 The system maintains a 120 kW sustained average compute payload under active workloads. ⚖️ The hardware achieves a highly optimized power-to-weight density of 70 kW per ton. 🔄 The layout features a completely interchangeable compute provider design. "We thought that the right place to start is around the 150 kilowatt peak power level. But as we look at the workloads with our experience with xAI, we see that we can support about 120 kilowatts of average compute. The 150 kilowatt peak power level roughly matches what, say, an NVIDIA GV300 rack would do. A more reasonable operating envelope would be around 120 kilowatts average power, but it can peak up to 150. So it is basically thinking about it as a rack of compute in space." --- 📐 AI1 satellite dimensions and thermal efficiency specs Elon Musk detailed the physical layout of the AI1 satellite, highlighting the massive dimensions required to accommodate its immense power and cooling hardware. He shared specific design criteria, explaining that the engineering relies on a custom 150 kW solar array paired with a high-capacity deployable liquid radiator thermal management system. The technical specifications of this vehicle layout include: 📏 The structural frame features a massive 70-meter wingspan. ↕️ The vehicle spans a total deployed height of 20 meters. ☀️ The onboard solar array delivers an efficiency of 250 W/m² using technology manufactured in Bastrop, Texas. 🌡️ The thermal system utilizes a 110 m² deployable liquid radiator to cleanly dump waste heat. 🔄 The cooling architecture incorporates redundant pumping loops for mission safety. 🛡️ The exterior contains integrated micrometeoroid shielding to protect the fluid lines. 🧭 The double-sided radiators achieve a dissipation rate of 1400 watts per square meter while remaining oriented knife-edge to the sun. "The assumptions here are 250 watts per square meter for the solar array and about 1400 watts per square meter for the radiators. The radiators are double-sided, radiating on both sides, and they're oriented knife-edge to the sun. They have about a 70-meter wingspan, so these are fairly large." --- 🧩 Simplified design architecture built on Starlink V3 tech Elon Musk explained that despite the satellite's imposing size, its internal architecture is fundamentally much simpler than a standard Starlink satellite. Because it lacks heavy phased array and parabolic communications antennas, the entire vehicle layout is completely streamlined around a few essential structural modules: 🎛️ The hardware framework is arranged around a centralized compute module. ☀️ Large deployable solar arrays extend outward to capture orbital energy. 🌡️ A deployable liquid-radiator thermal management system controls active operational temperatures. 🔄 The engineering team heavily leverages the component evolution and manufacturing experience gained from developing the Starlink V3 vehicle platform. "The AI satellite is actually much simpler than a Starlink satellite. A Starlink satellite has gigantic phased array antennas, parabolic antennas, and a lot of laser links, making it much more complicated. An AI satellite is essentially a lot of solar cells, a radiator, and you still need some laser links, but you don't have all of the super complex antennas that you have on a Starlink satellite. A lot of this is technology we've already made for the Starlink V3 satellites." --- 🔌 Interchangeable compute reference designs and high connectivity Elon Musk outlined a modular hardware approach for the satellite's payload, allowing it to house a variety of industry-standard processing units depending on client requirements. This interchangeable compute rack is supported by a high-bandwidth connectivity loop that links separate orbital units together or transmits data directly back to Earth. The core network parameters include: 🧠 Reference designs are fully established to seamlessly accommodate NVIDIA Reuben chips. 💾 The system architecture is built to support alternative setups using NVIDIA GB300 chips. 💻 Custom hardware layouts are explicitly designed to integrate Google TPUs. 🌐 The onboard communications setup delivers roughly 1 terabit of laser link connectivity. ⏱️ The network closes the communication loop directly with the main Starlink constellation at an ultra-low latency of only 3 milliseconds. "Our current reference design is for NVIDIA Reuben chips, or it could be either GB300 or Reuben chips. We'll also have a reference design for TPUs. Essentially, you can put up any existing chips into orbit. There would also be probably something on the order of a terabit of laser link connectivity from the satellite. Then you can connect these racks of compute to each other by the laser links or directly to the Starlink constellations. Light travels 300 kilometers per millisecond, so that's about three milliseconds away." --- 🏭 The "gigasat" AI satellite and solar production hub in Bastrop, Texas Dan Huot highlighted that the primary production hub for this entire hardware ecosystem is anchored at their sprawling complex in Bastrop, Texas, officially designated as the Gigasat factory. Elon Musk verified that construction is already actively underway on the solar manufacturing facility to feed the project's supply line, with plans moving forward to construct the adjacent AI satellite assembly lines. The physical footprint and timeline of this manufacturing hub are defined by the following benchmarks: 🗺️ The company has over 1,000 acres of land currently owned or under contract for the site. 🏢 The manufacturing complex boasts a massive structural building potential exceeding 11 million square feet. ⚙️ The facility will vertically integrate production to manufacture solar ingots, wafers, solar cells, and completed AI satellites. 📅 Both the solar and AI satellite production lines are targeted to be operational at a viable volume by the end of next year. "We're going to be building a lot of satellites and we're going to be building them here in Bastrop. We already have the solar manufacturing facility under construction, and then we will be building out the AI sat production building soon. We expect to have the AI sat production, the solar production, and all of that operating at some reasonable volume by the end of next year." --- 🏢 The 100-million-square-foot "terafab" chip factory Elon Musk revealed a massive, long-term scaling strategy to build an immense chip manufacturing facility dubbed the "terafab" to completely bypass global semiconductor volume constraints. This manufacturing infrastructure is designed to transition the company into next-generation industrial scaling by producing highly specialized computing components at an unprecedented volume. The scale of this infrastructure project is defined by several extraordinary engineering and production benchmarks: 🏭 The colossal factory is projected to span approximately 100 million square feet, making it ten times larger than the current Tesla Gigafactory Texas. ⚡ The facility is structurally engineered to achieve a massive manufacturing output of 1 terawatt per year once fully operational. 📦 This unprecedented physical footprint provides the capacity required to manufacture 1 billion full-reticle equivalent chips annually. 🔌 Each individual chip manufactured by the facility is designed to run at a power capacity of 1 kilowatt. 🇺🇸 The total scaled output of the facility represents an energy footprint that is exactly double the current annual electricity consumption of the entire United States. "In order to get to the next order of magnitude, you need a gigantic chip factory. To give you a sense of scale here, we expect that the terafab is going to be around 100 million square feet, which is 10 times the size of the Tesla Gigafactory Texas. From a logic die standpoint, that's like having a billion chips per year with a kilowatt per reticle, scaling to a terawatt per year. That is twice the current electricity consumption of the United States." --- 📶 Next-generation high-volume Starlink terminals Dan Huot and Elon Musk introduced their next-generation Starlink user terminals, which have been redesigned specifically to achieve massive manufacturing throughput. Elon Musk pointed out that these newer models will be produced in vastly higher volumes than current hardware designs to fulfill their long-term global deployment targets: 📈 The upgraded user hardware is manufactured at a much higher volume capacity than existing units. 🌍 The company's ultimate target is to successfully deploy a few hundred million of these next-generation terminals worldwide. "In fact, these are the new Starlink terminals, which we made in much higher volume than the current terminals. Ultimately, we think there's probably going to be a few hundred million Starlink terminals out there." --- 📈 Aspirational timeline for orbital AI compute scaling Elon Musk laid out an ambitious, multi-year execution timeline detailing how the company plans to progressively scale space-based processing power. The roadmap targets an initial run-rate by the end of next year and sets an aggressive pace to increase total operational capacity sequentially through a structured, multi-phase timeline: 1️⃣ The initial target aims to hit an annualized run-rate of 1 gigawatt of space AI compute by the end of next year. 2️⃣ The capacity scales to an annualized rate of 10 gigawatts within the next two and a half years. 3️⃣ The operational envelope expands to reach 100 gigawatts in three and a half years. 4️⃣ The long-term deployment plan scales directly to a full terawatt capacity per year using the output of the terafab. "The goal is to get to roughly an annualized rate of a gigawatt per year by the end of next year in terms of space AI compute. Then aspirationally, we want to scale that by an order of magnitude per year. In two and a half years, hitting an annualized rate of 10 gigawatts a year in space, and in three and a half years, maybe a hundred gigawatts, going beyond that with the terafab to scale to a terawatt per year." --- 🌕 Ultimate scaling via lunar production and mass drivers Elon Musk explained that scaling three orders of magnitude past a single terawatt forces a transition completely off-planet to avoid the logistical penalty of Earth's deep gravity well. The vision relies on establishing manufacturing infrastructure directly on the moon to leverage localized resource loops and zero-atmosphere physics: 🌙 The company plans to establish localized raw production lines on the moon to fabricate solar panels, photovoltaics, and radiators from lunar materials. ⚡ Manufacturing components locally avoids the massive fuel and mass penalties of transporting heavy structural materials from Earth. 🧲 Because the moon has no atmosphere and only one-sixth of Earth's gravity, the facility will utilize an electromagnetic mass driver to launch completed satellites. 🚀 Operating essentially as a linear electric motor rail gun, this mechanism will shoot fully assembled AI satellites straight into deep space without relying on chemical rockets. "The only way that we can really see that you can achieve that is on the moon with a mass driver, essentially where you do local production of photovoltaics, solar panels, and radiators on the moon. Because the moon has no atmosphere and only one-sixth Earth's gravity, you can accelerate the AI satellites into deep space without a rocket. You can basically shoot them into space using an electromagnetic gun, like a rail gun type—it's basically a linear electric motor."
31:16

In a newly released technical update, SpaceX's leadership team, which includes communications manager Dan Huot, Director of Satellite Engineering Ian Dahl, and CEO Elon Musk, detailed a highly ambitious infrastructure roadmap to design, manufacture, and operate specialized artificial intelligence computing satellites at scale. Positioned as a major strategic pillar to dramatically elevate civilizational energy and processing capacity on the Kardashev scale, this strategy moves past traditional communications architectures into massive orbital server arrays. Here is the complete breakdown of the core technologies and timelines driving this space-based intelligence revolution: 🛰️ AI1 satellite power and compute capacity Ian Dahl and Elon Musk introduced the baseline performance targets for the first-generation AI1 satellite, explaining how its custom hardware is engineered to operate like an orbital data center server rack. Ian Dahl noted that their direct operational experience with xAI guided them to target a 150-kilowatt peak power capacity. To manage active machine learning workloads continuously, Elon Musk explained that the satellite is optimized to maintain a sustained average compute power envelope of 120 kilowatts, which directly mirrors the real-world performance of a terrestrial NVIDIA server rack. The official presentation slides outline several key operational metrics for this payload configuration: ⚡ The custom architecture delivers a 150 kW peak compute payload. 🔋 The system maintains a 120 kW sustained average compute payload under active workloads. ⚖️ The hardware achieves a highly optimized power-to-weight density of 70 kW per ton. 🔄 The layout features a completely interchangeable compute provider design. "We thought that the right place to start is around the 150 kilowatt peak power level. But as we look at the workloads with our experience with xAI, we see that we can support about 120 kilowatts of average compute. The 150 kilowatt peak power level roughly matches what, say, an NVIDIA GV300 rack would do. A more reasonable operating envelope would be around 120 kilowatts average power, but it can peak up to 150. So it is basically thinking about it as a rack of compute in space." --- 📐 AI1 satellite dimensions and thermal efficiency specs Elon Musk detailed the physical layout of the AI1 satellite, highlighting the massive dimensions required to accommodate its immense power and cooling hardware. He shared specific design criteria, explaining that the engineering relies on a custom 150 kW solar array paired with a high-capacity deployable liquid radiator thermal management system. The technical specifications of this vehicle layout include: 📏 The structural frame features a massive 70-meter wingspan. ↕️ The vehicle spans a total deployed height of 20 meters. ☀️ The onboard solar array delivers an efficiency of 250 W/m² using technology manufactured in Bastrop, Texas. 🌡️ The thermal system utilizes a 110 m² deployable liquid radiator to cleanly dump waste heat. 🔄 The cooling architecture incorporates redundant pumping loops for mission safety. 🛡️ The exterior contains integrated micrometeoroid shielding to protect the fluid lines. 🧭 The double-sided radiators achieve a dissipation rate of 1400 watts per square meter while remaining oriented knife-edge to the sun. "The assumptions here are 250 watts per square meter for the solar array and about 1400 watts per square meter for the radiators. The radiators are double-sided, radiating on both sides, and they're oriented knife-edge to the sun. They have about a 70-meter wingspan, so these are fairly large." --- 🧩 Simplified design architecture built on Starlink V3 tech Elon Musk explained that despite the satellite's imposing size, its internal architecture is fundamentally much simpler than a standard Starlink satellite. Because it lacks heavy phased array and parabolic communications antennas, the entire vehicle layout is completely streamlined around a few essential structural modules: 🎛️ The hardware framework is arranged around a centralized compute module. ☀️ Large deployable solar arrays extend outward to capture orbital energy. 🌡️ A deployable liquid-radiator thermal management system controls active operational temperatures. 🔄 The engineering team heavily leverages the component evolution and manufacturing experience gained from developing the Starlink V3 vehicle platform. "The AI satellite is actually much simpler than a Starlink satellite. A Starlink satellite has gigantic phased array antennas, parabolic antennas, and a lot of laser links, making it much more complicated. An AI satellite is essentially a lot of solar cells, a radiator, and you still need some laser links, but you don't have all of the super complex antennas that you have on a Starlink satellite. A lot of this is technology we've already made for the Starlink V3 satellites." --- 🔌 Interchangeable compute reference designs and high connectivity Elon Musk outlined a modular hardware approach for the satellite's payload, allowing it to house a variety of industry-standard processing units depending on client requirements. This interchangeable compute rack is supported by a high-bandwidth connectivity loop that links separate orbital units together or transmits data directly back to Earth. The core network parameters include: 🧠 Reference designs are fully established to seamlessly accommodate NVIDIA Reuben chips. 💾 The system architecture is built to support alternative setups using NVIDIA GB300 chips. 💻 Custom hardware layouts are explicitly designed to integrate Google TPUs. 🌐 The onboard communications setup delivers roughly 1 terabit of laser link connectivity. ⏱️ The network closes the communication loop directly with the main Starlink constellation at an ultra-low latency of only 3 milliseconds. "Our current reference design is for NVIDIA Reuben chips, or it could be either GB300 or Reuben chips. We'll also have a reference design for TPUs. Essentially, you can put up any existing chips into orbit. There would also be probably something on the order of a terabit of laser link connectivity from the satellite. Then you can connect these racks of compute to each other by the laser links or directly to the Starlink constellations. Light travels 300 kilometers per millisecond, so that's about three milliseconds away." --- 🏭 The "gigasat" AI satellite and solar production hub in Bastrop, Texas Dan Huot highlighted that the primary production hub for this entire hardware ecosystem is anchored at their sprawling complex in Bastrop, Texas, officially designated as the Gigasat factory. Elon Musk verified that construction is already actively underway on the solar manufacturing facility to feed the project's supply line, with plans moving forward to construct the adjacent AI satellite assembly lines. The physical footprint and timeline of this manufacturing hub are defined by the following benchmarks: 🗺️ The company has over 1,000 acres of land currently owned or under contract for the site. 🏢 The manufacturing complex boasts a massive structural building potential exceeding 11 million square feet. ⚙️ The facility will vertically integrate production to manufacture solar ingots, wafers, solar cells, and completed AI satellites. 📅 Both the solar and AI satellite production lines are targeted to be operational at a viable volume by the end of next year. "We're going to be building a lot of satellites and we're going to be building them here in Bastrop. We already have the solar manufacturing facility under construction, and then we will be building out the AI sat production building soon. We expect to have the AI sat production, the solar production, and all of that operating at some reasonable volume by the end of next year." --- 🏢 The 100-million-square-foot "terafab" chip factory Elon Musk revealed a massive, long-term scaling strategy to build an immense chip manufacturing facility dubbed the "terafab" to completely bypass global semiconductor volume constraints. This manufacturing infrastructure is designed to transition the company into next-generation industrial scaling by producing highly specialized computing components at an unprecedented volume. The scale of this infrastructure project is defined by several extraordinary engineering and production benchmarks: 🏭 The colossal factory is projected to span approximately 100 million square feet, making it ten times larger than the current Tesla Gigafactory Texas. ⚡ The facility is structurally engineered to achieve a massive manufacturing output of 1 terawatt per year once fully operational. 📦 This unprecedented physical footprint provides the capacity required to manufacture 1 billion full-reticle equivalent chips annually. 🔌 Each individual chip manufactured by the facility is designed to run at a power capacity of 1 kilowatt. 🇺🇸 The total scaled output of the facility represents an energy footprint that is exactly double the current annual electricity consumption of the entire United States. "In order to get to the next order of magnitude, you need a gigantic chip factory. To give you a sense of scale here, we expect that the terafab is going to be around 100 million square feet, which is 10 times the size of the Tesla Gigafactory Texas. From a logic die standpoint, that's like having a billion chips per year with a kilowatt per reticle, scaling to a terawatt per year. That is twice the current electricity consumption of the United States." --- 📶 Next-generation high-volume Starlink terminals Dan Huot and Elon Musk introduced their next-generation Starlink user terminals, which have been redesigned specifically to achieve massive manufacturing throughput. Elon Musk pointed out that these newer models will be produced in vastly higher volumes than current hardware designs to fulfill their long-term global deployment targets: 📈 The upgraded user hardware is manufactured at a much higher volume capacity than existing units. 🌍 The company's ultimate target is to successfully deploy a few hundred million of these next-generation terminals worldwide. "In fact, these are the new Starlink terminals, which we made in much higher volume than the current terminals. Ultimately, we think there's probably going to be a few hundred million Starlink terminals out there." --- 📈 Aspirational timeline for orbital AI compute scaling Elon Musk laid out an ambitious, multi-year execution timeline detailing how the company plans to progressively scale space-based processing power. The roadmap targets an initial run-rate by the end of next year and sets an aggressive pace to increase total operational capacity sequentially through a structured, multi-phase timeline: 1️⃣ The initial target aims to hit an annualized run-rate of 1 gigawatt of space AI compute by the end of next year. 2️⃣ The capacity scales to an annualized rate of 10 gigawatts within the next two and a half years. 3️⃣ The operational envelope expands to reach 100 gigawatts in three and a half years. 4️⃣ The long-term deployment plan scales directly to a full terawatt capacity per year using the output of the terafab. "The goal is to get to roughly an annualized rate of a gigawatt per year by the end of next year in terms of space AI compute. Then aspirationally, we want to scale that by an order of magnitude per year. In two and a half years, hitting an annualized rate of 10 gigawatts a year in space, and in three and a half years, maybe a hundred gigawatts, going beyond that with the terafab to scale to a terawatt per year." --- 🌕 Ultimate scaling via lunar production and mass drivers Elon Musk explained that scaling three orders of magnitude past a single terawatt forces a transition completely off-planet to avoid the logistical penalty of Earth's deep gravity well. The vision relies on establishing manufacturing infrastructure directly on the moon to leverage localized resource loops and zero-atmosphere physics: 🌙 The company plans to establish localized raw production lines on the moon to fabricate solar panels, photovoltaics, and radiators from lunar materials. ⚡ Manufacturing components locally avoids the massive fuel and mass penalties of transporting heavy structural materials from Earth. 🧲 Because the moon has no atmosphere and only one-sixth of Earth's gravity, the facility will utilize an electromagnetic mass driver to launch completed satellites. 🚀 Operating essentially as a linear electric motor rail gun, this mechanism will shoot fully assembled AI satellites straight into deep space without relying on chemical rockets. "The only way that we can really see that you can achieve that is on the moon with a mass driver, essentially where you do local production of photovoltaics, solar panels, and radiators on the moon. Because the moon has no atmosphere and only one-sixth Earth's gravity, you can accelerate the AI satellites into deep space without a rocket. You can basically shoot them into space using an electromagnetic gun, like a rail gun type—it's basically a linear electric motor."

Ming

22,203 views • 2 months ago

I want a future generation to know these are some of the many things Nana Addo did for Ghana: ●Free SHS ●STEM Education. ●1st ICT Kindergarten ●Historic 80 educational projects commissioned in one day. ●Over 150 Astroturfs built from only 3 in 2016. ●307 ambulances nationwide (unprecedented) ●Free TVET. ●Agenda 111. ●Upgrading our police and security services. ●Restoration of trainee allowances. ●Free Dialysis, sickle cell and childhood cancer treatments under NHIS ●1 district 1 factory. The largest industrialisation drive since independence. ●Ghana now has 6 automobiles operating in Ghana (Nissan, VW, Toyota, Sinotruk, Peugeot, Suzuki) ●Ghana now has the largest medical drone delivery service in the world. ●Ghana now has the largest bitumen manufacturing plant in Africa. ●Ghana now has the largest pharmaceutical plant in West Africa (Atlantic lifesciences) ●West Africa's largest floating solar plant on the Bui reservoir. ●Digitalisation. ●Biometric multipurpose Ghana card. ●No Cholera outbreak since 2017. ●12,000 km of roads. ●14 Fishing landing sites and ports. ●Prempeh I International Airport. ●Tamale International Airport. ●Sunyani Airport reopened (closed in 2015). ●1st Private Jet Terminal at KIA ●University of Health and Allied Sciences Phase 2 ●Biggest midwifery school in West Africa UHAS. ●The first 4 tier interchange in Ghana at Pokuase. ●Eastern Corridor roads ●Kayayes being developed with lucrative skills in Free TVET hostels. ●Digital Address System. ●Reconstruction of Appiatse. ●Cocoa farmers pension scheme. ●Free WiFi in 700 plus senior high schools and tertiary institutions. ●Zongo Development Fund. ●Introduction of Paperless Port. ●Over 100 buses for secondary schools ●Over 10,000 CCTV cameras installed nationwide. ●African of the year award. ●No Guarantor student loan policy. ●Ghana now has the seat of the African Free Continental Trade ●Tema Mpakadan railway. ●10 Multipurpose Youth Sports Centers (5,000 stadium capacity). ●Borteyman Sports complex. ●University of Ghana Sports Complex. ●Greatest tourism drive: Year of Return, Beyond the Return and Destination Ghana. ●Ghana now has the highest number of returnees in Africa (diaspora folks who have naturalised as Ghanaians) ●Decentralisation of 6th March celebrations to boost local tourism. ●Approved visa free travels for all African passport holders ●Completion of Euroget hospitals and many ●Over 100 hospital and health projects completed aside Agenda 111 ●Expansion and Dualisation of Accra Kumasi Road and Tema Motorway. ●Local streaming app for musicians. ●1st Creative Arts school ●Ghana is now the largest exporter of Yam in the world. ●NPP took agric from negative under Mahama to 8.4%. ●Took Gold reserves from 8.74 tons to 28.1 tons largely due to Gold for Oil program. ●Kwame Nkrumah Museum and Asomdwe Park. ●Bonwire Kente Museum ●District Road Improvement Program. ●1 Student 1 Laptop ●Nana Addo kept the lights on for 8 years. ●Built 3 new fire service schools from only 1 as at 2016. ●Ghana's highest ever Cocoa production 1 million metric tons (2020/2021) ●Cocoa Mass Spraying and Hand pollination. ●Increased Cocoa bag prices from 476gh in 2016 to 3100gh in 2024. ●Ghana has not imported Maize since 2017 ●Ghana now the largest producer of Coconut (412,459 tonnes/annum) ●UGMC Phase 2 ●Komfo Anokye Hospital Maternity ward ●Kumasi Kejetia Central Market Phase 2 ●Many housing project all across Ghana. ●National rent assistance scheme. ●Lawra Solar plant farm ●Pokuase Bulk Power supply ●Installation of K1TTP to improve power supply in the middle belt. ●1st and 2nd ladies refunding the state back their allowances. ●1st Islamic Nursing school ●Built 77 public libraries nationwide making it 137 (60 public libraries in total as at 2016) ●Local production of PPE's and drugs ●Green Ghana Project ●YouStart initiative to invest in youth businesses. ●Slashing down government appointees salaries by 30%. ●2.3 million direct and indirect jobs created. ●Moving unemployment from 8.4% in 2016 to 4% in 2024 according to Fitch Solutions ●Took economic growth from 3.4% in 2016 to 7.2% in 2024 in global crisis. ●Created 6 Extra regions and built their administrative offices. ●Free electricity and water during covid 19 lockdown. ●Paid workers salaries and allowances during covid 19 lockdown and pandemic. ●Saved Ghana 10 trillion cedis in judges debts ●Resolving the Dagbon crisis #AkufoAddolegacy
22:31

I want a future generation to know these are some of the many things Nana Addo did for Ghana: ●Free SHS ●STEM Education. ●1st ICT Kindergarten ●Historic 80 educational projects commissioned in one day. ●Over 150 Astroturfs built from only 3 in 2016. ●307 ambulances nationwide (unprecedented) ●Free TVET. ●Agenda 111. ●Upgrading our police and security services. ●Restoration of trainee allowances. ●Free Dialysis, sickle cell and childhood cancer treatments under NHIS ●1 district 1 factory. The largest industrialisation drive since independence. ●Ghana now has 6 automobiles operating in Ghana (Nissan, VW, Toyota, Sinotruk, Peugeot, Suzuki) ●Ghana now has the largest medical drone delivery service in the world. ●Ghana now has the largest bitumen manufacturing plant in Africa. ●Ghana now has the largest pharmaceutical plant in West Africa (Atlantic lifesciences) ●West Africa's largest floating solar plant on the Bui reservoir. ●Digitalisation. ●Biometric multipurpose Ghana card. ●No Cholera outbreak since 2017. ●12,000 km of roads. ●14 Fishing landing sites and ports. ●Prempeh I International Airport. ●Tamale International Airport. ●Sunyani Airport reopened (closed in 2015). ●1st Private Jet Terminal at KIA ●University of Health and Allied Sciences Phase 2 ●Biggest midwifery school in West Africa UHAS. ●The first 4 tier interchange in Ghana at Pokuase. ●Eastern Corridor roads ●Kayayes being developed with lucrative skills in Free TVET hostels. ●Digital Address System. ●Reconstruction of Appiatse. ●Cocoa farmers pension scheme. ●Free WiFi in 700 plus senior high schools and tertiary institutions. ●Zongo Development Fund. ●Introduction of Paperless Port. ●Over 100 buses for secondary schools ●Over 10,000 CCTV cameras installed nationwide. ●African of the year award. ●No Guarantor student loan policy. ●Ghana now has the seat of the African Free Continental Trade ●Tema Mpakadan railway. ●10 Multipurpose Youth Sports Centers (5,000 stadium capacity). ●Borteyman Sports complex. ●University of Ghana Sports Complex. ●Greatest tourism drive: Year of Return, Beyond the Return and Destination Ghana. ●Ghana now has the highest number of returnees in Africa (diaspora folks who have naturalised as Ghanaians) ●Decentralisation of 6th March celebrations to boost local tourism. ●Approved visa free travels for all African passport holders ●Completion of Euroget hospitals and many ●Over 100 hospital and health projects completed aside Agenda 111 ●Expansion and Dualisation of Accra Kumasi Road and Tema Motorway. ●Local streaming app for musicians. ●1st Creative Arts school ●Ghana is now the largest exporter of Yam in the world. ●NPP took agric from negative under Mahama to 8.4%. ●Took Gold reserves from 8.74 tons to 28.1 tons largely due to Gold for Oil program. ●Kwame Nkrumah Museum and Asomdwe Park. ●Bonwire Kente Museum ●District Road Improvement Program. ●1 Student 1 Laptop ●Nana Addo kept the lights on for 8 years. ●Built 3 new fire service schools from only 1 as at 2016. ●Ghana's highest ever Cocoa production 1 million metric tons (2020/2021) ●Cocoa Mass Spraying and Hand pollination. ●Increased Cocoa bag prices from 476gh in 2016 to 3100gh in 2024. ●Ghana has not imported Maize since 2017 ●Ghana now the largest producer of Coconut (412,459 tonnes/annum) ●UGMC Phase 2 ●Komfo Anokye Hospital Maternity ward ●Kumasi Kejetia Central Market Phase 2 ●Many housing project all across Ghana. ●National rent assistance scheme. ●Lawra Solar plant farm ●Pokuase Bulk Power supply ●Installation of K1TTP to improve power supply in the middle belt. ●1st and 2nd ladies refunding the state back their allowances. ●1st Islamic Nursing school ●Built 77 public libraries nationwide making it 137 (60 public libraries in total as at 2016) ●Local production of PPE's and drugs ●Green Ghana Project ●YouStart initiative to invest in youth businesses. ●Slashing down government appointees salaries by 30%. ●2.3 million direct and indirect jobs created. ●Moving unemployment from 8.4% in 2016 to 4% in 2024 according to Fitch Solutions ●Took economic growth from 3.4% in 2016 to 7.2% in 2024 in global crisis. ●Created 6 Extra regions and built their administrative offices. ●Free electricity and water during covid 19 lockdown. ●Paid workers salaries and allowances during covid 19 lockdown and pandemic. ●Saved Ghana 10 trillion cedis in judges debts ●Resolving the Dagbon crisis #AkufoAddolegacy

#GhanaRemembers🗨🇫🇷🇬🇭

29,360 views • 1 year ago

Engineers discover a new class of materials that passively harvest water from air | University of Pennsylvania A serendipitous observation in a Chemical Engineering lab at Penn Engineering has led to a surprising discovery: a new class of nanostructured materials that can pull water from the air, collect it in pores and release it onto surfaces without the need for any external energy. The research, published in Science Advances, was conducted by an interdisciplinary team, including Daeyeon Lee, Russell Pearce and Elizabeth Crimian Heuer Professor in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (CBE), Amish Patel, Professor in CBE, Baekmin Kim, a postdoctoral scholar in Lee's lab and first author, and Stefan Guldin, Professor in Complex Soft Matter at the Technical University of Munich. Their work describes a material that could open the door to new ways to collect water from the air in arid regions and devices that cool electronics or buildings using the power of evaporation. "We weren't even trying to collect water," says Lee. "We were working on another project testing the combination of hydrophilic nanopores and hydrophobic polymers when Bharath Venkatesh, a former Ph.D. student in our lab, noticed water droplets appearing on a material we were testing. It didn't make sense. That's when we started asking questions." Those questions led to an in-depth study of a new type of amphiphilic nanoporous material: one that blends water-loving (hydrophilic) and water-repelling (hydrophobic) components in a unique nanoscale structure. The result is a material that both captures moisture from air and simultaneously pushes that moisture out as droplets. Water-Collecting Nanopores When water condenses on surfaces, it usually requires either a drop in temperature or very high humidity levels. Conventional water harvesting methods rely on these principles, often requiring energy input to chill surfaces or a dense fog to form to collect water passively from humid environments. But Lee and Patel's system works differently. Instead of cooling, their material relies on capillary condensation, a process where water vapor condenses inside tiny pores even at lower humidity. This is not new. What is new is that in their system, the water doesn't just stay trapped inside the pores, as it usually does in these types of materials. "In typical nanoporous materials, once the water enters the pores, it stays there," explains Patel. "But in our material, the water moves, first condensing inside the pores, then emerging onto the surface as droplets. That's never been seen before in a system like this, and at first we doubted our observations." A Material That Defies Physics Before they understood what was happening, the researchers first thought that water was simply condensing onto the surface of the material due to an artifact of their experimental setup, such as a temperature gradient in the lab. To rule that out, they increased the thickness of the material to see if the amount of water collected on the surface would change. "If what we were observing was due to surface condensation alone, the thickness of the material wouldn't change the amount of water present," explains Lee. But, the total amount of water collected increased as the film's thickness increased, proving that the water droplets forming on the surface came from inside the material. Even more surprising: the droplets didn't evaporate quickly, as thermodynamics would predict. "According to the curvature and size of the droplets, they should have been evaporating," says Patel. "But they were not; they remained stable for extended periods." With a material that could potentially defy the laws of physics on their hands, Lee and Patel sent their design off to a collaborator to see if their results were replicable. "We study porous films under a wide range of conditions, using subtle changes in light polarization to probe complex nanoscale phenomena," says Guldin. "But we've never seen anything like this. It's absolutely fascinating and will clearly spark new and exciting research." A Stabilized Cycle of Condensation and Release It turns out that they had created a material with just the right balance of water-attracting nanoparticles and water-repelling plastic -- polyethylene -- to create a nanoparticle film with this special property. "We accidentally hit the sweet spot," says Lee. "The droplets are connected to hidden reservoirs in the pores below. These reservoirs are continuously replenished from water vapor in the air, creating a feedback loop made possible by this perfect balance of water-loving and water-repelling materials." A Platform for Passive Water Harvesting and More Beyond the physics-defying behavior, the materials' simplicity is part of what makes them so promising. Made from common polymers and nanoparticles using scalable fabrication methods, these films could be integrated into passive water harvesting devices for arid regions, surfaces for cooling electronics or smart coatings that respond to ambient humidity. "We're still uncovering the mechanisms at play," says Patel. "But the potential is exciting. We're learning from biology -- how cells and proteins manage water in complex environments -- and applying that to design better materials." "This is exactly what Penn does best, bringing together expertise in chemical engineering, materials science, chemistry and biology to solve big problems," adds Lee. The next steps include studying how to optimize the balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components, scale the material for real-world use and investigating how to make the collected droplets roll off surfaces efficiently. Ultimately, the researchers hope this discovery will lead to technologies that offer clean water in dry climates or more sustainable cooling methods using only the water vapor already in the air. Read more:
0:20

Engineers discover a new class of materials that passively harvest water from air | University of Pennsylvania A serendipitous observation in a Chemical Engineering lab at Penn Engineering has led to a surprising discovery: a new class of nanostructured materials that can pull water from the air, collect it in pores and release it onto surfaces without the need for any external energy. The research, published in Science Advances, was conducted by an interdisciplinary team, including Daeyeon Lee, Russell Pearce and Elizabeth Crimian Heuer Professor in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (CBE), Amish Patel, Professor in CBE, Baekmin Kim, a postdoctoral scholar in Lee's lab and first author, and Stefan Guldin, Professor in Complex Soft Matter at the Technical University of Munich. Their work describes a material that could open the door to new ways to collect water from the air in arid regions and devices that cool electronics or buildings using the power of evaporation. "We weren't even trying to collect water," says Lee. "We were working on another project testing the combination of hydrophilic nanopores and hydrophobic polymers when Bharath Venkatesh, a former Ph.D. student in our lab, noticed water droplets appearing on a material we were testing. It didn't make sense. That's when we started asking questions." Those questions led to an in-depth study of a new type of amphiphilic nanoporous material: one that blends water-loving (hydrophilic) and water-repelling (hydrophobic) components in a unique nanoscale structure. The result is a material that both captures moisture from air and simultaneously pushes that moisture out as droplets. Water-Collecting Nanopores When water condenses on surfaces, it usually requires either a drop in temperature or very high humidity levels. Conventional water harvesting methods rely on these principles, often requiring energy input to chill surfaces or a dense fog to form to collect water passively from humid environments. But Lee and Patel's system works differently. Instead of cooling, their material relies on capillary condensation, a process where water vapor condenses inside tiny pores even at lower humidity. This is not new. What is new is that in their system, the water doesn't just stay trapped inside the pores, as it usually does in these types of materials. "In typical nanoporous materials, once the water enters the pores, it stays there," explains Patel. "But in our material, the water moves, first condensing inside the pores, then emerging onto the surface as droplets. That's never been seen before in a system like this, and at first we doubted our observations." A Material That Defies Physics Before they understood what was happening, the researchers first thought that water was simply condensing onto the surface of the material due to an artifact of their experimental setup, such as a temperature gradient in the lab. To rule that out, they increased the thickness of the material to see if the amount of water collected on the surface would change. "If what we were observing was due to surface condensation alone, the thickness of the material wouldn't change the amount of water present," explains Lee. But, the total amount of water collected increased as the film's thickness increased, proving that the water droplets forming on the surface came from inside the material. Even more surprising: the droplets didn't evaporate quickly, as thermodynamics would predict. "According to the curvature and size of the droplets, they should have been evaporating," says Patel. "But they were not; they remained stable for extended periods." With a material that could potentially defy the laws of physics on their hands, Lee and Patel sent their design off to a collaborator to see if their results were replicable. "We study porous films under a wide range of conditions, using subtle changes in light polarization to probe complex nanoscale phenomena," says Guldin. "But we've never seen anything like this. It's absolutely fascinating and will clearly spark new and exciting research." A Stabilized Cycle of Condensation and Release It turns out that they had created a material with just the right balance of water-attracting nanoparticles and water-repelling plastic -- polyethylene -- to create a nanoparticle film with this special property. "We accidentally hit the sweet spot," says Lee. "The droplets are connected to hidden reservoirs in the pores below. These reservoirs are continuously replenished from water vapor in the air, creating a feedback loop made possible by this perfect balance of water-loving and water-repelling materials." A Platform for Passive Water Harvesting and More Beyond the physics-defying behavior, the materials' simplicity is part of what makes them so promising. Made from common polymers and nanoparticles using scalable fabrication methods, these films could be integrated into passive water harvesting devices for arid regions, surfaces for cooling electronics or smart coatings that respond to ambient humidity. "We're still uncovering the mechanisms at play," says Patel. "But the potential is exciting. We're learning from biology -- how cells and proteins manage water in complex environments -- and applying that to design better materials." "This is exactly what Penn does best, bringing together expertise in chemical engineering, materials science, chemistry and biology to solve big problems," adds Lee. The next steps include studying how to optimize the balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components, scale the material for real-world use and investigating how to make the collected droplets roll off surfaces efficiently. Ultimately, the researchers hope this discovery will lead to technologies that offer clean water in dry climates or more sustainable cooling methods using only the water vapor already in the air. Read more:

Owen Gregorian

137,919 views • 1 year ago

Hello, Ghana 🇬🇭 Your Excellency, John Dramani Mahama Hello Africa and the world. We 3Farmate are proud to announce the official launch of FAMA—Ghana's FIRST AI-powered autonomous farming robot for large-scale crop production. Founded in 2021 by Clinton 🛸 (CEO) and Koffi-Cobbin (CTO), the company began in a dorm room at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, where its first prototype was developed. Since then, the team has engineered FAMA into a full-scale autonomous robot capable of planting seeds, applying fertilizer, weeding, and spraying across real farm environments. FAMA navigates using a vision-based AI system instead of GPS, allowing it to operate reliably in areas where GPS is unavailable or inconsistent. The robot runs on batteries charged by solar panels while in the field and can operate across uneven terrain, loose and muddy soils, and variable weather conditions. A single operator can oversee multiple robots, each covering 27 to 35 acres per day with sub-85mm planting precision. 3Farmate targets large-scale staple crop producers in Ghana, starting with corn and soybeans. We operate a service model, charging farmers per acre and removing the need for upfront equipment investment. Over 70 farmers and several large-scale crop production companies are currently in discussions, with commercial deployments beginning in the 2026 planting season. Approximately $200,000 has been raised to date, including investment from 776 Foundation (Alexis Ohanian, Reddit co-founder) and a grant from Kosmos Innovation Center Ghana. Our team consists of young engineers specializing in robotics, embedded systems, software, and mechanical design. With 8 major iterations, 60+ field test runs, 100+ cumulative acres covered, and thousands of runtime hours in real farm conditions, FAMA is market-ready to become the ultimate farmer-assistant. We built FAMA right here in Ghana, inspired by Dr. Kwame Nkrumah’s belief that “Africa must industrialize to achieve true independence.” We built FAMA as a true testament to every young engineer in Africa that “IT IS POSSIBLE.” FAMA is designed to operate seamlessly on Ghanaian soil and is adaptable to diverse agricultural environments worldwide. Join us as we drive innovation across global agriculture. We call on the government of Ghana, stakeholders, international organizations, and agri-industry leaders to partner with us in transforming agriculture together. This is not history in the making, because history has already been made, and we thank you for being a part of our journey. On this note, we are officially launched! For more information, visit 3FARMATE – The future is here.
1:50

Hello, Ghana 🇬🇭 Your Excellency, John Dramani Mahama Hello Africa and the world. We 3Farmate are proud to announce the official launch of FAMA—Ghana's FIRST AI-powered autonomous farming robot for large-scale crop production. Founded in 2021 by Clinton 🛸 (CEO) and Koffi-Cobbin (CTO), the company began in a dorm room at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, where its first prototype was developed. Since then, the team has engineered FAMA into a full-scale autonomous robot capable of planting seeds, applying fertilizer, weeding, and spraying across real farm environments. FAMA navigates using a vision-based AI system instead of GPS, allowing it to operate reliably in areas where GPS is unavailable or inconsistent. The robot runs on batteries charged by solar panels while in the field and can operate across uneven terrain, loose and muddy soils, and variable weather conditions. A single operator can oversee multiple robots, each covering 27 to 35 acres per day with sub-85mm planting precision. 3Farmate targets large-scale staple crop producers in Ghana, starting with corn and soybeans. We operate a service model, charging farmers per acre and removing the need for upfront equipment investment. Over 70 farmers and several large-scale crop production companies are currently in discussions, with commercial deployments beginning in the 2026 planting season. Approximately $200,000 has been raised to date, including investment from 776 Foundation (Alexis Ohanian, Reddit co-founder) and a grant from Kosmos Innovation Center Ghana. Our team consists of young engineers specializing in robotics, embedded systems, software, and mechanical design. With 8 major iterations, 60+ field test runs, 100+ cumulative acres covered, and thousands of runtime hours in real farm conditions, FAMA is market-ready to become the ultimate farmer-assistant. We built FAMA right here in Ghana, inspired by Dr. Kwame Nkrumah’s belief that “Africa must industrialize to achieve true independence.” We built FAMA as a true testament to every young engineer in Africa that “IT IS POSSIBLE.” FAMA is designed to operate seamlessly on Ghanaian soil and is adaptable to diverse agricultural environments worldwide. Join us as we drive innovation across global agriculture. We call on the government of Ghana, stakeholders, international organizations, and agri-industry leaders to partner with us in transforming agriculture together. This is not history in the making, because history has already been made, and we thank you for being a part of our journey. On this note, we are officially launched! For more information, visit 3FARMATE – The future is here.

MARK OFORIQUAYE

148,369 views • 4 months ago

The Iran conflict is a reminder that we must accelerate the transition away from fossil fuels, say many in the media. Iran’s disruption of shipping through the Strait of Hormuz means the world is now losing 13 million barrels per day of oil and refined products, which is over 10% of global consumption. After QatarEnergy, the world’s largest LNG exporter, declared force majeure on all exports after Iranian drone strikes, Asian buyers scrambled to redirect orders to Australia. But then, last week, a cyclone slammed into Australia’s LNG corridor, forcing shutdowns at three of the country’s largest facilities. David Wallace-Wells in the New York Times noted, “No one has ever started a war over solar panels.” But nobody goes to war over solar panels for the same reason nobody goes to war over candles: they cannot power the things that economies, civilizations, and wars run on. A gallon of jet fuel contains 34 kilowatt-hours of energy in a package weighing six pounds. A lithium-ion battery storing the same energy weighs 250 pounds. That density gap is why every military on earth runs on liquid hydrocarbons, why every container ship crossing the Pacific burns bunker fuel, why every combine harvester in Iowa runs on diesel, and why every 747 landing at Heathrow runs on kerosene. The fact that nobody wages war over solar panels is evidence of their limitations, not superiority. Many respond by claiming that fossil fuels persist because of government subsidies and political favoritism. The IMF says global fossil fuel subsidies total $7 trillion. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres cited that number when he called for eliminating “fossil fuel subsidies that distort markets and lock us into the past.” But the $7 trillion figure is almost entirely fictional. The IMF’s own data show that only 18% of its subsidy estimate reflects actual government spending or undercharging for supply costs. The remaining 82% consists of what the IMF calls “implicit subsidies,” a theoretical construct that assigns a dollar value to the environmental and social costs of burning fossil fuels and then treats the failure to tax those costs as a subsidy. By that logic, any product whose price does not reflect the full externalized cost of its production is “subsidized.” The real problem is that the world overinvested in green energy and underinvested in oil and gas. Globally, the IEA’s World Energy Investment 2025 report documented that $2.2 trillion flowed to clean energy in 2025, exactly double the $1.1 trillion invested in oil, natural gas, and coal combined. In the U.S., federal tax expenditures for green energy end users in fiscal year 2025 alone totaled $57.9 billion. That figure exceeds the aggregate of all federal fossil fuel tax expenditures over the 31-year period from 1994 to 2025, totaling $50.8 billion. The oil and gas extraction sector generated $1.8 trillion in total U.S. revenues in 2024, meaning that the $3 billion in actual government support represents 0.17% of industry revenue, an economic rounding error. Renewable energy hardware is overwhelmingly manufactured in China, creating a supply chain dependency that is more precarious than the oil dependency it purports to replace. China’s share of global polysilicon, ingot, and wafer production has reached approximately 95%. China controls 91% of rare earth processing and 94% of the permanent magnet production essential for wind turbines. China dominates more than 75% of global solar cell and module manufacturing and is projected to control nearly 60% of all critical mineral refining by 2030. In 2025, Beijing weaponized this dominance, and bismuth prices surgednearly 500% overnight. Had the world spent the past decade building the oil, gas, LNG, pipeline, and fertilizer infrastructure that engineers designed and companies proposed, the Hormuz crisis would still be a serious geopolitical event, but it would not threaten to cause a recession. The Atlantic Coast Pipeline, a 600-mile natural gas line from West Virginia to North Carolina, saw its cost double from $4.5 billion to $8 billion during years of environmental litigation before Duke Energy and Dominion Energy cancelled it in July 2020. The Constitution Pipeline from Pennsylvania to New York died the same year. The PennEast Pipeline won its case at the United States Supreme Court in 2021 and still could not get built because New Jersey refused to issue state permits. In Canada, TransCanada abandoned the $15.7 billion Energy East pipeline in 2017 after the National Energy Board required an unprecedented review of upstream and downstream emissions... Please subscribe now to support Public's award-winning investigative journalism, watch the full video, and read the rest of the article!
4:44

The Iran conflict is a reminder that we must accelerate the transition away from fossil fuels, say many in the media. Iran’s disruption of shipping through the Strait of Hormuz means the world is now losing 13 million barrels per day of oil and refined products, which is over 10% of global consumption. After QatarEnergy, the world’s largest LNG exporter, declared force majeure on all exports after Iranian drone strikes, Asian buyers scrambled to redirect orders to Australia. But then, last week, a cyclone slammed into Australia’s LNG corridor, forcing shutdowns at three of the country’s largest facilities. David Wallace-Wells in the New York Times noted, “No one has ever started a war over solar panels.” But nobody goes to war over solar panels for the same reason nobody goes to war over candles: they cannot power the things that economies, civilizations, and wars run on. A gallon of jet fuel contains 34 kilowatt-hours of energy in a package weighing six pounds. A lithium-ion battery storing the same energy weighs 250 pounds. That density gap is why every military on earth runs on liquid hydrocarbons, why every container ship crossing the Pacific burns bunker fuel, why every combine harvester in Iowa runs on diesel, and why every 747 landing at Heathrow runs on kerosene. The fact that nobody wages war over solar panels is evidence of their limitations, not superiority. Many respond by claiming that fossil fuels persist because of government subsidies and political favoritism. The IMF says global fossil fuel subsidies total $7 trillion. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres cited that number when he called for eliminating “fossil fuel subsidies that distort markets and lock us into the past.” But the $7 trillion figure is almost entirely fictional. The IMF’s own data show that only 18% of its subsidy estimate reflects actual government spending or undercharging for supply costs. The remaining 82% consists of what the IMF calls “implicit subsidies,” a theoretical construct that assigns a dollar value to the environmental and social costs of burning fossil fuels and then treats the failure to tax those costs as a subsidy. By that logic, any product whose price does not reflect the full externalized cost of its production is “subsidized.” The real problem is that the world overinvested in green energy and underinvested in oil and gas. Globally, the IEA’s World Energy Investment 2025 report documented that $2.2 trillion flowed to clean energy in 2025, exactly double the $1.1 trillion invested in oil, natural gas, and coal combined. In the U.S., federal tax expenditures for green energy end users in fiscal year 2025 alone totaled $57.9 billion. That figure exceeds the aggregate of all federal fossil fuel tax expenditures over the 31-year period from 1994 to 2025, totaling $50.8 billion. The oil and gas extraction sector generated $1.8 trillion in total U.S. revenues in 2024, meaning that the $3 billion in actual government support represents 0.17% of industry revenue, an economic rounding error. Renewable energy hardware is overwhelmingly manufactured in China, creating a supply chain dependency that is more precarious than the oil dependency it purports to replace. China’s share of global polysilicon, ingot, and wafer production has reached approximately 95%. China controls 91% of rare earth processing and 94% of the permanent magnet production essential for wind turbines. China dominates more than 75% of global solar cell and module manufacturing and is projected to control nearly 60% of all critical mineral refining by 2030. In 2025, Beijing weaponized this dominance, and bismuth prices surgednearly 500% overnight. Had the world spent the past decade building the oil, gas, LNG, pipeline, and fertilizer infrastructure that engineers designed and companies proposed, the Hormuz crisis would still be a serious geopolitical event, but it would not threaten to cause a recession. The Atlantic Coast Pipeline, a 600-mile natural gas line from West Virginia to North Carolina, saw its cost double from $4.5 billion to $8 billion during years of environmental litigation before Duke Energy and Dominion Energy cancelled it in July 2020. The Constitution Pipeline from Pennsylvania to New York died the same year. The PennEast Pipeline won its case at the United States Supreme Court in 2021 and still could not get built because New Jersey refused to issue state permits. In Canada, TransCanada abandoned the $15.7 billion Energy East pipeline in 2017 after the National Energy Board required an unprecedented review of upstream and downstream emissions... Please subscribe now to support Public's award-winning investigative journalism, watch the full video, and read the rest of the article!

Michael Shellenberger

58,380 views • 4 months ago

Jeff Bezos just announced the largest industrial takeover plan in history. He's raising $100 BILLION to acquire manufacturing companies across aerospace, defense, and chipmaking and REPLACE their workforces with AI. He's calling it a "manufacturing transformation vehicle." But here's the full picture and what actually makes this so genius: 6 months ago, Bezos quietly launched Project Prometheus with $6.2 billion in funding. His co-CEO is Vik Bajaj, a physicist who helped build the self-driving car project at Google X that became Waymo. They've been hiring from OpenAI, DeepMind, and Meta's AI division. Blue Origin CEO David Limp just joined the board. And the technology they're building isn't chatbots or content generators... It's digital twins. AI systems that simulate entire factories, stress-test materials, model supply chains, and design products without a single human touching the process. The kind of AI that could design a rocket engine, test it virtually across a million simulations, and manufacture the perfect version on the first attempt. That was phase one. Build the AI. And phase two just started: Now Bezos is flying to the Middle East pitching sovereign wealth funds. He went to Singapore meeting the world's biggest asset managers. He's in talks with JPMorgan Chase. The pitch: Give me $100 billion. I'll buy the factories. I'll install my AI. I'll automate the workforce. Then I'll SELL the playbook to every manufacturer on Earth. He's not licensing software to companies and hoping they adopt it. He's BUYING the companies and doing it himself. Think about what that means: Every other AI company sells tools and waits. OpenAI sells API access. Anthropic sells Claude subscriptions. Microsoft sells Copilot licenses. Bezos said forget that. I'll buy the entire production chain, replace the humans at the source, prove the model works with my own money, and then scale it globally. He did the exact same thing with retail. Amazon didn't sell software to bookstores. Amazon BECAME the bookstore. Then the department store. Then the grocery store. Then the pharmacy. Then the cloud. Now he's doing it with factories. And the fund is targeting the industries that matter most. Chipmaking. Defense. Aerospace. The sectors governments cannot afford to let fail. Which means once Bezos owns and automates these companies, governments become dependent on his AI infrastructure the same way they became dependent on AWS. The last time Bezos launched something at this scale, Amazon Web Services now powers a third of the internet. The US intelligence community runs on it. The Pentagon runs on it. Now imagine that same lock-in but for manufacturing. The man who automated how America shops is about to automate how America builds. And he's doing it with $100 billion of other people's money while risking about 2% of his own net worth through Prometheus. If it fails? Sovereign wealth funds take the loss. If it works? Bezos controls the AI operating system for global manufacturing. At a conference in Italy last year, Bezos said: "AI can have a huge impact on every company in the world, including manufacturers." That wasn't just a prediction. That was literally his business plan.
2:12

Jeff Bezos just announced the largest industrial takeover plan in history. He's raising $100 BILLION to acquire manufacturing companies across aerospace, defense, and chipmaking and REPLACE their workforces with AI. He's calling it a "manufacturing transformation vehicle." But here's the full picture and what actually makes this so genius: 6 months ago, Bezos quietly launched Project Prometheus with $6.2 billion in funding. His co-CEO is Vik Bajaj, a physicist who helped build the self-driving car project at Google X that became Waymo. They've been hiring from OpenAI, DeepMind, and Meta's AI division. Blue Origin CEO David Limp just joined the board. And the technology they're building isn't chatbots or content generators... It's digital twins. AI systems that simulate entire factories, stress-test materials, model supply chains, and design products without a single human touching the process. The kind of AI that could design a rocket engine, test it virtually across a million simulations, and manufacture the perfect version on the first attempt. That was phase one. Build the AI. And phase two just started: Now Bezos is flying to the Middle East pitching sovereign wealth funds. He went to Singapore meeting the world's biggest asset managers. He's in talks with JPMorgan Chase. The pitch: Give me $100 billion. I'll buy the factories. I'll install my AI. I'll automate the workforce. Then I'll SELL the playbook to every manufacturer on Earth. He's not licensing software to companies and hoping they adopt it. He's BUYING the companies and doing it himself. Think about what that means: Every other AI company sells tools and waits. OpenAI sells API access. Anthropic sells Claude subscriptions. Microsoft sells Copilot licenses. Bezos said forget that. I'll buy the entire production chain, replace the humans at the source, prove the model works with my own money, and then scale it globally. He did the exact same thing with retail. Amazon didn't sell software to bookstores. Amazon BECAME the bookstore. Then the department store. Then the grocery store. Then the pharmacy. Then the cloud. Now he's doing it with factories. And the fund is targeting the industries that matter most. Chipmaking. Defense. Aerospace. The sectors governments cannot afford to let fail. Which means once Bezos owns and automates these companies, governments become dependent on his AI infrastructure the same way they became dependent on AWS. The last time Bezos launched something at this scale, Amazon Web Services now powers a third of the internet. The US intelligence community runs on it. The Pentagon runs on it. Now imagine that same lock-in but for manufacturing. The man who automated how America shops is about to automate how America builds. And he's doing it with $100 billion of other people's money while risking about 2% of his own net worth through Prometheus. If it fails? Sovereign wealth funds take the loss. If it works? Bezos controls the AI operating system for global manufacturing. At a conference in Italy last year, Bezos said: "AI can have a huge impact on every company in the world, including manufacturers." That wasn't just a prediction. That was literally his business plan.

Ricardo

173,101 views • 4 months ago

Video: World’s first humanoid robot labor that swaps its own batteries to work endlessly | Jijo Malayil, Interesting Engineering Walker S2 uses dual-battery balancing and standardized modules to boost efficiency and ensure uninterrupted, optimized performance. In a leap for robotics, China’s UBTech has unveiled the Walker S2, the world’s first humanoid robot capable of fully autonomous battery swapping. Designed for non-stop industrial operations, the Walker S2 can replace its own power pack in just three minutes—no human intervention required. Equipped with advanced anthropomorphic bipedal locomotion and a hot-swappable battery system, Walker S2 is built to operate 24/7 across dynamic industrial environments. According to UBTech, the next-generation humanoid robot marks a major milestone in automation, bringing continuous, hands-free performance to the factory floor. In May 2025, UBTech Robotics and Huawei Technologies inked a significant partnership to accelerate the adoption of humanoid robots across China’s factories and households. Uninterrupted robot operations A video posted by the robotics firm opens with the sleek UBTech Walker S2 humanoid robot working in an industrial setting. The highlight, however, is its autonomous battery swap. Walker S2 approaches the charging station, carefully detaches its depleted power pack, and seamlessly installs a fresh one—all within about three minutes—without any human assistance, according to CGTN. The camera captures close-ups of the robot’s articulated limbs and the intelligent battery-handling mechanism, conveying precision and reliability. As the swap completes, Walker S2 resumes its duties, reinforcing the promise of uninterrupted, 24/7 operations in dynamic factory environments. UBTech’s Walker S2 humanoid robot is equipped with advanced dual-battery power balancing technology and uses standardized battery modules to optimize performance, reports CNEVPOST. This dual-battery system allows the robot to automatically switch to a backup battery in case of a main battery failure, ensuring that critical tasks are carried out without interruption. In addition to battery swapping, the robot can intelligently choose between charging and swapping based on task urgency, allowing it to manage energy dynamically and adapt to real-time operational demands. UBTech highlights these features as a step forward in deploying humanoid robots for industrial and domestic applications, combining flexibility, reliability, and autonomy in one intelligent platform. Factory intelligence upgrade Earlier in the year, UBTech unveiled a major advancement in humanoid robot collaboration, claiming the world’s first deployment of multiple humanoids working together across varied industrial tasks. Demonstrated at Zeekr’s 5G-enabled smart factory, the breakthrough centers on UBTech’s “BrainNet” framework, which orchestrates cooperative behavior through a cloud-device intelligence system. BrainNet integrates a “super brain” for high-level decision-making with an “intelligent sub-brain” for distributed multi-robot control. The super brain, powered by a proprietary large-scale multimodal reasoning model, handles complex production-line scheduling and decision-making. Meanwhile, the sub-brain coordinates real-time tasks using cross-field perception and Transformer-based control for dynamic adaptability. Together, they enable the Walker S1 humanoid robots to move beyond isolated operations and perform coordinated tasks with high precision and speed. The system is built on DeepSeek-R1 reasoning technology and trained on real-world data from automotive factory settings. Leveraging Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), the model adapts to specific job functions and improves scalability across workstations. At Zeekr’s facility, dozens of Walker S1s now collaborate on tasks like assembly, inspection, and part handling. Using semantic VSLAM and shared mapping, they coordinate seamlessly via vision-based navigation and agile manipulation. UBTech says this marks a transition to “Practical Training 2.0,” where humanoid robots operate as a swarm, maximizing efficiency and setting the stage for next-generation intelligent manufacturing.
1:04

Video: World’s first humanoid robot labor that swaps its own batteries to work endlessly | Jijo Malayil, Interesting Engineering Walker S2 uses dual-battery balancing and standardized modules to boost efficiency and ensure uninterrupted, optimized performance. In a leap for robotics, China’s UBTech has unveiled the Walker S2, the world’s first humanoid robot capable of fully autonomous battery swapping. Designed for non-stop industrial operations, the Walker S2 can replace its own power pack in just three minutes—no human intervention required. Equipped with advanced anthropomorphic bipedal locomotion and a hot-swappable battery system, Walker S2 is built to operate 24/7 across dynamic industrial environments. According to UBTech, the next-generation humanoid robot marks a major milestone in automation, bringing continuous, hands-free performance to the factory floor. In May 2025, UBTech Robotics and Huawei Technologies inked a significant partnership to accelerate the adoption of humanoid robots across China’s factories and households. Uninterrupted robot operations A video posted by the robotics firm opens with the sleek UBTech Walker S2 humanoid robot working in an industrial setting. The highlight, however, is its autonomous battery swap. Walker S2 approaches the charging station, carefully detaches its depleted power pack, and seamlessly installs a fresh one—all within about three minutes—without any human assistance, according to CGTN. The camera captures close-ups of the robot’s articulated limbs and the intelligent battery-handling mechanism, conveying precision and reliability. As the swap completes, Walker S2 resumes its duties, reinforcing the promise of uninterrupted, 24/7 operations in dynamic factory environments. UBTech’s Walker S2 humanoid robot is equipped with advanced dual-battery power balancing technology and uses standardized battery modules to optimize performance, reports CNEVPOST. This dual-battery system allows the robot to automatically switch to a backup battery in case of a main battery failure, ensuring that critical tasks are carried out without interruption. In addition to battery swapping, the robot can intelligently choose between charging and swapping based on task urgency, allowing it to manage energy dynamically and adapt to real-time operational demands. UBTech highlights these features as a step forward in deploying humanoid robots for industrial and domestic applications, combining flexibility, reliability, and autonomy in one intelligent platform. Factory intelligence upgrade Earlier in the year, UBTech unveiled a major advancement in humanoid robot collaboration, claiming the world’s first deployment of multiple humanoids working together across varied industrial tasks. Demonstrated at Zeekr’s 5G-enabled smart factory, the breakthrough centers on UBTech’s “BrainNet” framework, which orchestrates cooperative behavior through a cloud-device intelligence system. BrainNet integrates a “super brain” for high-level decision-making with an “intelligent sub-brain” for distributed multi-robot control. The super brain, powered by a proprietary large-scale multimodal reasoning model, handles complex production-line scheduling and decision-making. Meanwhile, the sub-brain coordinates real-time tasks using cross-field perception and Transformer-based control for dynamic adaptability. Together, they enable the Walker S1 humanoid robots to move beyond isolated operations and perform coordinated tasks with high precision and speed. The system is built on DeepSeek-R1 reasoning technology and trained on real-world data from automotive factory settings. Leveraging Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), the model adapts to specific job functions and improves scalability across workstations. At Zeekr’s facility, dozens of Walker S1s now collaborate on tasks like assembly, inspection, and part handling. Using semantic VSLAM and shared mapping, they coordinate seamlessly via vision-based navigation and agile manipulation. UBTech says this marks a transition to “Practical Training 2.0,” where humanoid robots operate as a swarm, maximizing efficiency and setting the stage for next-generation intelligent manufacturing.

Owen Gregorian

35,637 views • 1 year ago

In the latest episode of Professionally Curious 🧠, Joanna Cook @ SOON📍🇺🇸 🗽 (AI 🦞Arc) sits down with John, the founder of @Finch, a loyalty marketing and payment app on Solana that is reshaping how bars and restaurants interact with their customers. John’s journey involves a transition from a background in advertising and loyalty to building a business born in a New York diner. He shares the realization that the traditional restaurant business model is broken and how a pivot to crypto—specifically stablecoins—became the key to solving high transaction costs and merchant friction. Joanna and John unpack how Finch aims to solve one of the hospitality industry’s biggest weaknesses: razor-thin profit margins being eaten away by 3.5%–4% credit card fees. Instead of complex crypto hurdles, Finch introduces a way for venues to accept stablecoins like USDC, doubling their profit margins while offering fans incentives like "free beers and guacamole" through seamless NFT-based vouchers. Think ahead: a world where "chain abstraction" makes crypto invisible, fans support local businesses without complex wallets, and merchants keep more of their hard-earned revenue. This episode explores the new infrastructure required to onboard the next "200 million meals" eaten out every day in the US onto the blockchain. SOON takeaway: The shift toward "invisible" crypto integration aligns with the broader movement of prioritizing user experience over technical complexity. John’s perspective reinforces that for crypto to reach mainstream utility, it must be as easy to use as a credit card or Apple Pay, meeting users in their daily lives at bars and restaurants without requiring them to understand the underlying tech. ⏱ Timestamps • 00:00 – Introduction to Finch and the mission to fix the restaurant business • 01:06 – John’s career story: From NY diners to crypto discovery • 06:54 – Moving from Web2 advertising to building a Web3 payment app • 13:52 – What Finch actually is: Solving the 4% credit card fee problem • 21:18 – On-chain mechanics: Using USDC and NFT vouchers for rewards • 23:26 – Insights on the US dining economy and the scale of the opportunity • 26:20 – How Finch differs from competitors by using in-venue hardware • 37:56 – The future of UX: Chain abstraction and the "Apple" approach to crypto
17:21

In the latest episode of Professionally Curious 🧠, Joanna Cook @ SOON📍🇺🇸 🗽 (AI 🦞Arc) sits down with John, the founder of @Finch, a loyalty marketing and payment app on Solana that is reshaping how bars and restaurants interact with their customers. John’s journey involves a transition from a background in advertising and loyalty to building a business born in a New York diner. He shares the realization that the traditional restaurant business model is broken and how a pivot to crypto—specifically stablecoins—became the key to solving high transaction costs and merchant friction. Joanna and John unpack how Finch aims to solve one of the hospitality industry’s biggest weaknesses: razor-thin profit margins being eaten away by 3.5%–4% credit card fees. Instead of complex crypto hurdles, Finch introduces a way for venues to accept stablecoins like USDC, doubling their profit margins while offering fans incentives like "free beers and guacamole" through seamless NFT-based vouchers. Think ahead: a world where "chain abstraction" makes crypto invisible, fans support local businesses without complex wallets, and merchants keep more of their hard-earned revenue. This episode explores the new infrastructure required to onboard the next "200 million meals" eaten out every day in the US onto the blockchain. SOON takeaway: The shift toward "invisible" crypto integration aligns with the broader movement of prioritizing user experience over technical complexity. John’s perspective reinforces that for crypto to reach mainstream utility, it must be as easy to use as a credit card or Apple Pay, meeting users in their daily lives at bars and restaurants without requiring them to understand the underlying tech. ⏱ Timestamps • 00:00 – Introduction to Finch and the mission to fix the restaurant business • 01:06 – John’s career story: From NY diners to crypto discovery • 06:54 – Moving from Web2 advertising to building a Web3 payment app • 13:52 – What Finch actually is: Solving the 4% credit card fee problem • 21:18 – On-chain mechanics: Using USDC and NFT vouchers for rewards • 23:26 – Insights on the US dining economy and the scale of the opportunity • 26:20 – How Finch differs from competitors by using in-venue hardware • 37:56 – The future of UX: Chain abstraction and the "Apple" approach to crypto

SOON - Solana Optimistic Network (Mainnet Arc)

222,250 views • 7 months ago

This battery is about to change the world in 3 months, or make this guy a fool | Fred Lambert, Hacker News Donut Lab lit the EV and energy storage industry on fire last week with its announcement of a 400 Wh/kg solid-state battery cell that can last for 100 years. At face value, if true, we are looking at the single most disruptive announcement in the history of the electric vehicle industry and energy storage as a whole. We aren’t just talking about a better motorcycle battery. If the claims of a 5-minute charge, 100,000-cycle life, and ~400 Wh/kg energy density are accurate and scalable, as Donut Lab claims, this is the holy grail of energy storage. Battery breakthrough announcements generally don’t catch fire like this, but Donut Lab’s did because it said that the cell was already in production and will be in a production vehicle, Verge’s electric motorcycle, this quarter. It gave credibility to the claim, pushing everyone to report on it. Now, we have interviewed Donut Lab’s CEO and investigated the technology. At this point, it looks like either this battery changes the world within the next 3 months, or it will make the CEO look like a fool. In this article, we discuss the impact of the battery, whether real or not, as well as clues about the secret sauce behind its chemistry. The Holy Grail of Energy Storage Consider the implications. A battery that lasts 100,000 cycles is effectively immortal in human terms. You could charge it every single day for 270 years, and it would still be working. It means the battery outlives the vehicle, not just once, but ten times over. It changes the economics of transportation entirely: you buy the battery once, and you swap it into your next five cars. The power density required for a 5-minute charge and the 400 Wh/kg of energy density opens the door to commercial electric aviation, a sector currently strangled by the weight and slow charging speeds of lithium-ion. It solves the grid storage problem by offering a medium that doesn’t degrade, meaning utility companies could amortize the cost over a century rather than a decade. If this is real, the internal combustion engine didn’t just die today; it was buried 100 feet deep, and every other battery is not far behind. But, and this is a massive “but”, extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof, and Donut Lab has yet to release that proof. And that brings us to the man making them. The Man Betting His Reputation I spoke with Marko Lehtimäki, the CEO of Donut Lab and Chairman of Verge Motorcycles. My goal was simple: ask him about the chemistry behind his battery and, if that doesn’t work, look him in the eye and figure out if he’s selling vaporware or if he’s sitting on the breakthrough of the century. Marko isn’t a random guy shouting about a battery breakthrough that will change the world. He is a legit entrepreneur. A computer scientist who built a no-coding app builder years before “vibe coding” was even a thing and sold it to SAP. After the successful exit, he became an investor and serial entrepreneur with his biggest, or most well-known, company being Verge Motorcycles, which has real products on the road. By announcing that this “miracle battery” is already in production and will be shipping in customer vehicles within 10 weeks, he is betting his entire personal reputation on this technology. If he misses this timeline or if the specs are fake, Donut Labs and Verge Motorcycles might not survive the credibility loss. He has a lot to lose here. In my article about the battery announcement last week, I noted that Marko’s presentation was incredible. He basically described a perfect battery: record energy density, incredible charge rate, unprecedented longevity, no rare metals, a cost lower than traditional Li-ion cells, and in scalable production right now. Sounds too good to be true? The only thing he didn’t share was details about the chemistry, beyond saying it doesn’t use lithium or other rare metals. What’s the point of protecting the chemistry if the battery is already in production and it will be in a product shipped this quarter? If that’s true, the battery will be reverse-engineered before the snow completely melts. We discussed it with Marko during our interview. His logic is that once the bikes ship, competitors will tear them down and figure it out anyway. But that won’t happen for another 10 weeks or so, and the head start is critical for a technology this disruptive. In the meantime, Donut Lab’s goal with the announcement was to get the attention of OEMs and ship them battery packs for validation. Marko said: We are right now shipping demo packs to OEMs under NDAs and under tight disclosures so that they can test that all of that is true, which serves our business very well [better than disclosing the chemistry]. But these programs with OEMs are likely to take a long time before they become public. Shorter term, there’s Verge Motorcycles shipping bikes with the battery by the end of the quarter. Before that, Marko also said that we should soon see third-party testing of those cells: We rather right now ship it to authorized research and science center that tests everything without opening it and telling everybody what’s in there. In short, we should have a good idea whether the claims are true or not in just a few weeks no matter what. What does Marko, or Donut Lab, have to gain by lying about this? I also discussed this with Marko and the only thing I could come up with is if he happens to be raising capital right now, but he shut that down: There are a million investors chasing us right now, but we are literally not talking to anybody. We tell investors that we can discuss terms after we have done all our disclosures. Marko insisted that Donut Lab is not taking any investment until they have proven their cells work. In short, it’s hard to find an upside for Donut Lab in making this announcement if the claims are not true. It doesn’t mean that they are, but it makes you think. The Investigation: What Is the “Donut Battery”? So, what is the secret sauce? Marko wouldn’t say, but after digging into public records, supply chains, and research papers, I believe we have a pretty good idea. Let me preface this by saying that I’m not a chemist or physicist, but I’ve been a journalist covering electric vehicles for more than a decade, and I’m pretty good at connecting the dots, and in this case, I’ve had the help of a couple of great sources, too. I’m not saying that this is the Donut Lab battery, but since they are not sharing much, we have to speculate, and all evidence points to a Finnish nanotechnology startup called Nordic Nano and its Chief Scientist, Dr. Bela Bhuskute. Donut Lab invested in Nordic Nano in October 2025, just months before this announcement. At the time of writing this, the press release has fewer than 200 views. The announcement went under the radar, and while Marko said that Nordic Nano is more of a “solar company” during our interview, the announcement mentions both solar and energy storage. Dr. Bhuskute’s research at Tampere University focuses on amorphous Titanium Dioxide nanostructures, which could benefit many different technologies, including batteries. It fits the “miracle” specs perfectly: - 100,000 Cycles: Traditional solid-state batteries are crystalline (like a brick wall) and crack when ions rush in. Dr. Bhuskute’s amorphous Titanium Dioxide is disordered (like a sponge) and “breathes,” allowing it to expand and contract without breaking. - 5-Minute Charge: This chemistry stores energy via “pseudocapacitance,” which is basically like Velcro. Ions stick to the surface almost instantly rather than having to burrow deep inside the material. - The Manufacturing: Nordic Nano uses a “nanofluid” printing process for its solar product using the technology. This aligns with Donut Lab’s description of a “clay-like” material that enables an easier manufacturing process. Some call this “battery printing”, which could explain Donut Lab’s ability to bring this to production in record time. When I asked Marko for the volumetric energy density (Wh/L), he claimed he “couldn’t remember”. Volumetric energy density is one of the few specs that Donut Lab hasn’t released. This battery is lighter than lithium-ion, but it could be bigger due to the amorphous nature of the titanium dioxide. However, the CEO claimed it has a higher volumetric density than traditional Li-ion batteries, without providing a specific number. If that’s true, not only could electric vehicles and energy storage switch to this new chemistry, but even personal electronics, such as smartphones. In 2025, Nordic Nano has been making moves, including securing a former large retail location in Imatra, Finland, near the Russian border: It could be where the company has set up production. Following investment from the Finnish government, Nordic Nano had to elaborate a bit on its products and confirmed that it is working on “solar energy systems and energy storage solutions”: The company’s range of products includes two product families: solar energy systems and energy storage solutions: The ultra-thin and flexible solar film collects twice the amount of energy compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. Solid-state salt batteries are manufactured by printing from nanofluid, which enables the efficient use of space and the production of batteries in varying shapes. Furthermore, the company confirmed that it is using a “screenprinting” manufacturing method. This is not new. Other companies have produced battery cells with this technology with varying degrees of success. It appears that the bet is that the amorphous rather than crystalized titanium dioxide nanostructure could be more easily adapted and scaled with this manufacturing technology. Electrek’s Take I’m naturally skeptical, and this screams “too good to be true”, but I can’t find anything that categorically rejects the claims. I get battery breakthrough announcements in my inbox every week, and most of the time they never amount to anything. If I decide to spend some time researching them and talking to experts, I generally quickly hit a problem or two that make them commercially unviable. This announcement is different. We can’t really investigate the actual breakthrough; we can only speculate about it, since it is guarded. Marko’s logic for guarding the chemistry is sound, and the incentives to lie about what they have aren’t clear if he is not currently raising money. Then, because they claim this is already in production and will be in a deliverable product within weeks, we will know whether the claims are true in short order, and their reputations, especially Marko’s, are on the line. During my interview, Marko didn’t seem too worried about it. It doesn’t sound like someone who needs to quickly figure out how to deliver this, but rather someone who has a couple of aces in their hand and is looking to maximize them. It’s also strange that this innovation and then production quickly comes from a relatively small company. I thought researching Donut Lab would make me more skeptical about the claims, but it’s the contrary. It confirms that their technology stems from years of research, backed by university and government funding for its commercialization. Could it be that this critical research went under the radar and a small electric motorcycle startup in need of a significant bump in energy density stumbled upon it? Then, a savvy entrepreneur quickly found a way to optimize the impact of this potentially groundbreaking tech by spinning out a startup from the motorcycle company to market the battery to a broader market. Maybe? This could be real, or it could be hype. Again, I’m still skeptical, but I can’t point to anything specific that would disprove any claim made about this miracle battery. Again, if this is true, we are talking about a complete reset of the entire energy and transportation sectors. Donut Lab would become one of the biggest companies in the world. A Nobel Prize would be coming to Dr. Bhuskute and her colleagues in the near future. If it’s not, Marko and Donut Lab’s reputation would be destroyed. There might also be a middle conclusion where the battery is nearly as good as they claim, but when you ramp up production, other problems arise, such as scrap, which has been the undoing of another company that recently tried screenprinting batteries. Who knows? But it sounds like we should find out soon. Within weeks, we should get independent verifications of the specs. Then the bikes get delivered within months. You can fake a presentation, but there are things you can’t fake.
24:10

This battery is about to change the world in 3 months, or make this guy a fool | Fred Lambert, Hacker News Donut Lab lit the EV and energy storage industry on fire last week with its announcement of a 400 Wh/kg solid-state battery cell that can last for 100 years. At face value, if true, we are looking at the single most disruptive announcement in the history of the electric vehicle industry and energy storage as a whole. We aren’t just talking about a better motorcycle battery. If the claims of a 5-minute charge, 100,000-cycle life, and ~400 Wh/kg energy density are accurate and scalable, as Donut Lab claims, this is the holy grail of energy storage. Battery breakthrough announcements generally don’t catch fire like this, but Donut Lab’s did because it said that the cell was already in production and will be in a production vehicle, Verge’s electric motorcycle, this quarter. It gave credibility to the claim, pushing everyone to report on it. Now, we have interviewed Donut Lab’s CEO and investigated the technology. At this point, it looks like either this battery changes the world within the next 3 months, or it will make the CEO look like a fool. In this article, we discuss the impact of the battery, whether real or not, as well as clues about the secret sauce behind its chemistry. The Holy Grail of Energy Storage Consider the implications. A battery that lasts 100,000 cycles is effectively immortal in human terms. You could charge it every single day for 270 years, and it would still be working. It means the battery outlives the vehicle, not just once, but ten times over. It changes the economics of transportation entirely: you buy the battery once, and you swap it into your next five cars. The power density required for a 5-minute charge and the 400 Wh/kg of energy density opens the door to commercial electric aviation, a sector currently strangled by the weight and slow charging speeds of lithium-ion. It solves the grid storage problem by offering a medium that doesn’t degrade, meaning utility companies could amortize the cost over a century rather than a decade. If this is real, the internal combustion engine didn’t just die today; it was buried 100 feet deep, and every other battery is not far behind. But, and this is a massive “but”, extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof, and Donut Lab has yet to release that proof. And that brings us to the man making them. The Man Betting His Reputation I spoke with Marko Lehtimäki, the CEO of Donut Lab and Chairman of Verge Motorcycles. My goal was simple: ask him about the chemistry behind his battery and, if that doesn’t work, look him in the eye and figure out if he’s selling vaporware or if he’s sitting on the breakthrough of the century. Marko isn’t a random guy shouting about a battery breakthrough that will change the world. He is a legit entrepreneur. A computer scientist who built a no-coding app builder years before “vibe coding” was even a thing and sold it to SAP. After the successful exit, he became an investor and serial entrepreneur with his biggest, or most well-known, company being Verge Motorcycles, which has real products on the road. By announcing that this “miracle battery” is already in production and will be shipping in customer vehicles within 10 weeks, he is betting his entire personal reputation on this technology. If he misses this timeline or if the specs are fake, Donut Labs and Verge Motorcycles might not survive the credibility loss. He has a lot to lose here. In my article about the battery announcement last week, I noted that Marko’s presentation was incredible. He basically described a perfect battery: record energy density, incredible charge rate, unprecedented longevity, no rare metals, a cost lower than traditional Li-ion cells, and in scalable production right now. Sounds too good to be true? The only thing he didn’t share was details about the chemistry, beyond saying it doesn’t use lithium or other rare metals. What’s the point of protecting the chemistry if the battery is already in production and it will be in a product shipped this quarter? If that’s true, the battery will be reverse-engineered before the snow completely melts. We discussed it with Marko during our interview. His logic is that once the bikes ship, competitors will tear them down and figure it out anyway. But that won’t happen for another 10 weeks or so, and the head start is critical for a technology this disruptive. In the meantime, Donut Lab’s goal with the announcement was to get the attention of OEMs and ship them battery packs for validation. Marko said: We are right now shipping demo packs to OEMs under NDAs and under tight disclosures so that they can test that all of that is true, which serves our business very well [better than disclosing the chemistry]. But these programs with OEMs are likely to take a long time before they become public. Shorter term, there’s Verge Motorcycles shipping bikes with the battery by the end of the quarter. Before that, Marko also said that we should soon see third-party testing of those cells: We rather right now ship it to authorized research and science center that tests everything without opening it and telling everybody what’s in there. In short, we should have a good idea whether the claims are true or not in just a few weeks no matter what. What does Marko, or Donut Lab, have to gain by lying about this? I also discussed this with Marko and the only thing I could come up with is if he happens to be raising capital right now, but he shut that down: There are a million investors chasing us right now, but we are literally not talking to anybody. We tell investors that we can discuss terms after we have done all our disclosures. Marko insisted that Donut Lab is not taking any investment until they have proven their cells work. In short, it’s hard to find an upside for Donut Lab in making this announcement if the claims are not true. It doesn’t mean that they are, but it makes you think. The Investigation: What Is the “Donut Battery”? So, what is the secret sauce? Marko wouldn’t say, but after digging into public records, supply chains, and research papers, I believe we have a pretty good idea. Let me preface this by saying that I’m not a chemist or physicist, but I’ve been a journalist covering electric vehicles for more than a decade, and I’m pretty good at connecting the dots, and in this case, I’ve had the help of a couple of great sources, too. I’m not saying that this is the Donut Lab battery, but since they are not sharing much, we have to speculate, and all evidence points to a Finnish nanotechnology startup called Nordic Nano and its Chief Scientist, Dr. Bela Bhuskute. Donut Lab invested in Nordic Nano in October 2025, just months before this announcement. At the time of writing this, the press release has fewer than 200 views. The announcement went under the radar, and while Marko said that Nordic Nano is more of a “solar company” during our interview, the announcement mentions both solar and energy storage. Dr. Bhuskute’s research at Tampere University focuses on amorphous Titanium Dioxide nanostructures, which could benefit many different technologies, including batteries. It fits the “miracle” specs perfectly: - 100,000 Cycles: Traditional solid-state batteries are crystalline (like a brick wall) and crack when ions rush in. Dr. Bhuskute’s amorphous Titanium Dioxide is disordered (like a sponge) and “breathes,” allowing it to expand and contract without breaking. - 5-Minute Charge: This chemistry stores energy via “pseudocapacitance,” which is basically like Velcro. Ions stick to the surface almost instantly rather than having to burrow deep inside the material. - The Manufacturing: Nordic Nano uses a “nanofluid” printing process for its solar product using the technology. This aligns with Donut Lab’s description of a “clay-like” material that enables an easier manufacturing process. Some call this “battery printing”, which could explain Donut Lab’s ability to bring this to production in record time. When I asked Marko for the volumetric energy density (Wh/L), he claimed he “couldn’t remember”. Volumetric energy density is one of the few specs that Donut Lab hasn’t released. This battery is lighter than lithium-ion, but it could be bigger due to the amorphous nature of the titanium dioxide. However, the CEO claimed it has a higher volumetric density than traditional Li-ion batteries, without providing a specific number. If that’s true, not only could electric vehicles and energy storage switch to this new chemistry, but even personal electronics, such as smartphones. In 2025, Nordic Nano has been making moves, including securing a former large retail location in Imatra, Finland, near the Russian border: It could be where the company has set up production. Following investment from the Finnish government, Nordic Nano had to elaborate a bit on its products and confirmed that it is working on “solar energy systems and energy storage solutions”: The company’s range of products includes two product families: solar energy systems and energy storage solutions: The ultra-thin and flexible solar film collects twice the amount of energy compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. Solid-state salt batteries are manufactured by printing from nanofluid, which enables the efficient use of space and the production of batteries in varying shapes. Furthermore, the company confirmed that it is using a “screenprinting” manufacturing method. This is not new. Other companies have produced battery cells with this technology with varying degrees of success. It appears that the bet is that the amorphous rather than crystalized titanium dioxide nanostructure could be more easily adapted and scaled with this manufacturing technology. Electrek’s Take I’m naturally skeptical, and this screams “too good to be true”, but I can’t find anything that categorically rejects the claims. I get battery breakthrough announcements in my inbox every week, and most of the time they never amount to anything. If I decide to spend some time researching them and talking to experts, I generally quickly hit a problem or two that make them commercially unviable. This announcement is different. We can’t really investigate the actual breakthrough; we can only speculate about it, since it is guarded. Marko’s logic for guarding the chemistry is sound, and the incentives to lie about what they have aren’t clear if he is not currently raising money. Then, because they claim this is already in production and will be in a deliverable product within weeks, we will know whether the claims are true in short order, and their reputations, especially Marko’s, are on the line. During my interview, Marko didn’t seem too worried about it. It doesn’t sound like someone who needs to quickly figure out how to deliver this, but rather someone who has a couple of aces in their hand and is looking to maximize them. It’s also strange that this innovation and then production quickly comes from a relatively small company. I thought researching Donut Lab would make me more skeptical about the claims, but it’s the contrary. It confirms that their technology stems from years of research, backed by university and government funding for its commercialization. Could it be that this critical research went under the radar and a small electric motorcycle startup in need of a significant bump in energy density stumbled upon it? Then, a savvy entrepreneur quickly found a way to optimize the impact of this potentially groundbreaking tech by spinning out a startup from the motorcycle company to market the battery to a broader market. Maybe? This could be real, or it could be hype. Again, I’m still skeptical, but I can’t point to anything specific that would disprove any claim made about this miracle battery. Again, if this is true, we are talking about a complete reset of the entire energy and transportation sectors. Donut Lab would become one of the biggest companies in the world. A Nobel Prize would be coming to Dr. Bhuskute and her colleagues in the near future. If it’s not, Marko and Donut Lab’s reputation would be destroyed. There might also be a middle conclusion where the battery is nearly as good as they claim, but when you ramp up production, other problems arise, such as scrap, which has been the undoing of another company that recently tried screenprinting batteries. Who knows? But it sounds like we should find out soon. Within weeks, we should get independent verifications of the specs. Then the bikes get delivered within months. You can fake a presentation, but there are things you can’t fake.

Owen Gregorian

123,359 views • 6 months ago

The sun produces more energy in one second than humanity has used in its entire existence. SpaceX thinks the only way to actually use more of it is to leave Earth. Here's why Elon Musk is racing to build data centers in space: 1. Musk frames civilizational progress using the Kardashev scale, a measurement created by a Russian physicist that ranks civilizations by how much energy they can harness. Type one means harnessing a planet's full energy, type two means harnessing a star's energy, and type three means harnessing a galaxy's energy. 2. Right now, humanity registers as essentially nonexistent on this scale. We harness less than a trillionth of the sun's total power output. Musk says we are not even at the level of a micro soul on the scale. 3. The sun makes up 99.86 percent of all mass in the entire solar system. Earth is so small in comparison that it falls into the leftover miscellaneous category alongside everything that is not the sun or Jupiter. 4. Only about half a billionth of the sun's energy even reaches Earth's cross section, and most of that cannot be used because 70 percent of Earth is covered in water, and much of the remaining land is uninhabitable terrain like Antarctica and Siberia. 5. To meaningfully climb the Kardashev scale, humanity has to go to space. Reaching even one millionth of the sun's total energy output would require increasing civilizational energy use by more than a million times current levels. 6. Getting to just 1 percent of the sun's energy would make a civilization vastly more powerful than ours is today. Musk says even reaching that level would represent an extremely advanced civilization. 7. Three core requirements stand between humanity and this goal: mass to orbit capability, a massive amount of solar power, and enough AI chips to actually use that power. 8. Starship solves the mass to orbit problem. It is designed to be the first rocket in history with full and rapid reusability, a breakthrough Musk calls absolutely necessary for making life multi-planetary and for ascending the Kardashev scale at all. 9. Reusability is the same principle behind every successful mode of transport. Cars, planes, boats, and bicycles are all reusable. If airplanes were thrown away after every flight, flying would be far too expensive for anyone to use. 10. Starship is already the largest, heaviest, and most powerful flying object ever built. Version 3 produces more than double the thrust of the Saturn V moon rocket, and version 4 is expected to produce nearly three times that thrust. 11. SpaceX currently delivers between 85 and 90 percent of all mass that reaches orbit from Earth using Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy. With Starship, the company aims to scale mass to orbit from roughly 2,500 tons a year to millions of tons a year within about three years. 12. The proposed AI satellites are actually simpler to build than Starlink satellites. They mainly need solar cells, radiators, and laser links, without the complex phased array and parabolic antennas that Starlink satellites require. 13. The first version of the SpaceX AI satellite targets 150 kilowatts of peak power and 120 kilowatts of sustained power, roughly matching the output of a single Nvidia GB300 compute rack here on Earth. 14. These satellites will connect to each other through laser links and to the Starlink constellation, which then relays data to the ground. Despite orbiting 600 to 800 kilometers above Earth, the added latency is roughly only 3 milliseconds. 15. Heat management in space is actually easier than on Earth because radiators can simply release heat directly into the vacuum, removing the need for the massive cooling infrastructure required by ground based data centers. 16. SpaceX already operates around 10,000 Starlink satellites and claims to be the only company with real experience safely operating constellations at that scale, which gives them a head start in managing potentially thousands or even up to a million AI satellites. 17. To actually scale chip production to the levels needed, SpaceX is planning what it calls a Terafab, a chip manufacturing facility expected to span roughly 100 million square feet, about ten times the size of the existing Tesla Gigafactory in Texas. 18. The rough timeline targets reaching an annualized rate of 1 gigawatt of space based AI compute by the end of next year, scaling by roughly 10x per year afterward, eventually aiming for a terawatt per year, which is twice the entire current electricity consumption of the United States. 19. To push three orders of magnitude beyond even that terawatt goal, Musk describes building a mass driver on the moon, an electromagnetic rail gun style system that uses the moon's lack of atmosphere and lower gravity to launch satellites into space without needing a rocket at all. 20. Musk frames the long term vision in deeply personal terms. If enough mass and infrastructure eventually moves to the moon, it would become accessible enough that almost anyone who wants to go could go, and potentially even live there permanently. Follow Brad if you want more content on business, mindset & life changing ideas.
30:32

The sun produces more energy in one second than humanity has used in its entire existence. SpaceX thinks the only way to actually use more of it is to leave Earth. Here's why Elon Musk is racing to build data centers in space: 1. Musk frames civilizational progress using the Kardashev scale, a measurement created by a Russian physicist that ranks civilizations by how much energy they can harness. Type one means harnessing a planet's full energy, type two means harnessing a star's energy, and type three means harnessing a galaxy's energy. 2. Right now, humanity registers as essentially nonexistent on this scale. We harness less than a trillionth of the sun's total power output. Musk says we are not even at the level of a micro soul on the scale. 3. The sun makes up 99.86 percent of all mass in the entire solar system. Earth is so small in comparison that it falls into the leftover miscellaneous category alongside everything that is not the sun or Jupiter. 4. Only about half a billionth of the sun's energy even reaches Earth's cross section, and most of that cannot be used because 70 percent of Earth is covered in water, and much of the remaining land is uninhabitable terrain like Antarctica and Siberia. 5. To meaningfully climb the Kardashev scale, humanity has to go to space. Reaching even one millionth of the sun's total energy output would require increasing civilizational energy use by more than a million times current levels. 6. Getting to just 1 percent of the sun's energy would make a civilization vastly more powerful than ours is today. Musk says even reaching that level would represent an extremely advanced civilization. 7. Three core requirements stand between humanity and this goal: mass to orbit capability, a massive amount of solar power, and enough AI chips to actually use that power. 8. Starship solves the mass to orbit problem. It is designed to be the first rocket in history with full and rapid reusability, a breakthrough Musk calls absolutely necessary for making life multi-planetary and for ascending the Kardashev scale at all. 9. Reusability is the same principle behind every successful mode of transport. Cars, planes, boats, and bicycles are all reusable. If airplanes were thrown away after every flight, flying would be far too expensive for anyone to use. 10. Starship is already the largest, heaviest, and most powerful flying object ever built. Version 3 produces more than double the thrust of the Saturn V moon rocket, and version 4 is expected to produce nearly three times that thrust. 11. SpaceX currently delivers between 85 and 90 percent of all mass that reaches orbit from Earth using Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy. With Starship, the company aims to scale mass to orbit from roughly 2,500 tons a year to millions of tons a year within about three years. 12. The proposed AI satellites are actually simpler to build than Starlink satellites. They mainly need solar cells, radiators, and laser links, without the complex phased array and parabolic antennas that Starlink satellites require. 13. The first version of the SpaceX AI satellite targets 150 kilowatts of peak power and 120 kilowatts of sustained power, roughly matching the output of a single Nvidia GB300 compute rack here on Earth. 14. These satellites will connect to each other through laser links and to the Starlink constellation, which then relays data to the ground. Despite orbiting 600 to 800 kilometers above Earth, the added latency is roughly only 3 milliseconds. 15. Heat management in space is actually easier than on Earth because radiators can simply release heat directly into the vacuum, removing the need for the massive cooling infrastructure required by ground based data centers. 16. SpaceX already operates around 10,000 Starlink satellites and claims to be the only company with real experience safely operating constellations at that scale, which gives them a head start in managing potentially thousands or even up to a million AI satellites. 17. To actually scale chip production to the levels needed, SpaceX is planning what it calls a Terafab, a chip manufacturing facility expected to span roughly 100 million square feet, about ten times the size of the existing Tesla Gigafactory in Texas. 18. The rough timeline targets reaching an annualized rate of 1 gigawatt of space based AI compute by the end of next year, scaling by roughly 10x per year afterward, eventually aiming for a terawatt per year, which is twice the entire current electricity consumption of the United States. 19. To push three orders of magnitude beyond even that terawatt goal, Musk describes building a mass driver on the moon, an electromagnetic rail gun style system that uses the moon's lack of atmosphere and lower gravity to launch satellites into space without needing a rocket at all. 20. Musk frames the long term vision in deeply personal terms. If enough mass and infrastructure eventually moves to the moon, it would become accessible enough that almost anyone who wants to go could go, and potentially even live there permanently. Follow Brad if you want more content on business, mindset & life changing ideas.

Brad

12,955 views • 1 month ago

Boom!! 🚨🚨🚨 Dr. Mike Yeadon's address to the Members of UK Parliament (4 December 2023) ---------------------------------------------- Hello. My name is Dr. Mike Yeadon. Probably know by now that I'm a career research scientist and biologist. I've worked in the biopharmaceutical industry for over 30 years. Famously, a former vice president at Pfizer, left in 2011 as vice president and worldwide head of Respiratory research. I was responsible for everything from idea to clinical proof of concept. In the ten years after leaving Pfizer, I've worked as an independent. I consulted to 30 biotech companies. I also founded Led and sold my own biotech Ziarco. And we were written up in a 2017 article in Forbes magazine. I think it was Converting Pfizer Discards into Gold, and it was written by a former Pfizer board member. So three years before this alleged event started, I was very well regarded in the industry. I'm going to tell you that the design of the so called vaccines was intentionally to harm people, and I'm going to give you several examples of that based on my extensive industry experience of rational drug design. Not a single atom or molecule in a synthetic drug is in there. By luck, it's in there because people chose it to be in there and they intended certain things to flow from their choices. But just very briefly, you should know, I hope there has not been a pandemic. Denis Rancourt's data shows that the all cause mortality evidence data did not increase at all in the run up to the Declaration. Fraudulently by who? Of a pandemic. There is no public health emergency except that created by our governments. An inappropriate fraudulent PCR test was used to give people the impression that they had a particular disease where they didn't. There were all normal diseases. And then what happened was in three different ways. People were treated badly through changed medical procedures that were imposed above the level of nation. Briefly, mass ventilation of people inappropriately in hospitals that led to lots of deaths. In care homes, many people were given sedatives and respiratory depressants which led to their deaths. My PhD was specifically in that area of opiates and respiratory depression. And in the community, people were denied life saving antibiotics and died of bacterial pneumonia. There's your pandemic. There is no other pandemic. And based on this lie, we were told that vaccines were coming our way and would be our savior. Two things, as I say. First, there's no pandemic, so you certainly don't need an experimental, rushed medical intervention. But secondly, even if you did, as someone who's worked in the industry for over 30 years, I am telling you it's absolutely impossible to invent, test, clinically, evaluate and manufacture and then launch on global scale a complex biomedical product. It's absolutely impossible. It's not as close, it's years wrong. The fastest record price of this was six years. And friends of mine who've worked all their lives in manufacturing of complex biological products tell me the methods development alone for the development of a reproducible manufacturing process itself takes a number of years. So whatever it is you think was done, I am telling you, there was not the development of a proper medical product. What I think happened was the advancement of materials that are intentionally toxic. And then they were sketchily, advanced and jammed into people's arms, often coerced, sometimes even mandated, with the unsurprising effect that millions of people have died. I don't have time today to explain what I think they're going to do in the future, but suffice to say, more injections are coming if we don't stop this. So, like I said, I'm skilled in the arts of rational drug discovery. So why am I saying these materials are intentionally toxic? Well, let me give you the first example. How do you think your body plays nice with itself, but when it's infected or detects a cancer, it goes to war. And the answer is, it distinguishes self things that are meant to be inside you from non self, from foreign things that are not meant to be inside you. And it is trained exquisitely to detect and attack non self foreign things. If you inject a person with a gene that encodes a foreign piece of protein, like a spike protein from a foreign organism, your body will detect that. And every single cell that takes up that material and expresses foreign protein will be attacked and killed by your immune system. Now, if you think that's advanced immunology, let me put you right. It's in the first chapter. Distinguishing self from non self is one of the foremost lessons of immunology. And every single person involved in the train of delivery of these materials to doctor's hands knew what I've just told you, they will inevitably cause injury. Then on top of that, it's not just bad enough that you're making a foreign protein, you're making a specific material called spike protein. Those materials are biologically active. That is, if you add them to human blood, for example, they start to coagulate, it clots. Those materials are biological toxins. So now you've got a genetic sequence that forms foreign proteins. That means your body attacks and kills every cell that does it. And if you should release any of that protein in your blood, it will form blood clots. If it releases it near nerves, for example, you will get one or other of several neurological defects. And of course, it's not just nerves or blood. There's a third major factor, and there are many others. But let me give you the third one. These materials are formulated it's normal to formulate drugs. These are formulated in fatty globules called lipid nanoparticles. What they do is disguise the foreign genetic information so your body doesn't see it initially until it gets inside your cells and it goes all around your body. It will glide through the cell wall as if it wasn't there. And that was the entire point of it. So that means these materials don't just go to your lymph nodes. And they certainly don't stay in your arm where they're injected. They go all around the body, including into your brain and your blood and every organ in your body. But here's the thing. Ten years ago, there were papers published, and it was well established and well known in the industry that lipid nanoparticles, lipid nanocarriers deposit their cargo, preferentially in the ovaries, and that was confirmed with the pfizer products in an animal experiment performed for the Japanese regulators. So, by design, these agents cause an autoimmune attack on every tissue. They make your body form a well understood biological toxin that can damage multiple organs in your body. And they deposited their cargoes, preferentially in the reproductive tissues of women and girls. So if you think that's by luck, then you're mistaken. There is no doubt in my mind, anyone of my caliber, and this is my peers that worked on this, absolutely understood what they were designing and manufacturing. So I think, having heard what I've just said, that there was no pandemic and the lie was maintained in order to inject people en masse, I think five and a half billion people with an intentionally dangerous substance, 17 million of whom have died so far. What do you think is happening and what do you think your role as an individual is in stopping this crime? On. Thank you for listening. -------------------------------------------- Please note that this will likely be "community noted" and Dr. Mike Yeadon may be branded as "Antivaxxer" because (as of 12 Dec 2023), the existing "official" COVID guidelines appear to still be significantly influenced by major pharmaceutical entities, and regulatory bodies continue to be potentially compromised.
9:35

Boom!! 🚨🚨🚨 Dr. Mike Yeadon's address to the Members of UK Parliament (4 December 2023) ---------------------------------------------- Hello. My name is Dr. Mike Yeadon. Probably know by now that I'm a career research scientist and biologist. I've worked in the biopharmaceutical industry for over 30 years. Famously, a former vice president at Pfizer, left in 2011 as vice president and worldwide head of Respiratory research. I was responsible for everything from idea to clinical proof of concept. In the ten years after leaving Pfizer, I've worked as an independent. I consulted to 30 biotech companies. I also founded Led and sold my own biotech Ziarco. And we were written up in a 2017 article in Forbes magazine. I think it was Converting Pfizer Discards into Gold, and it was written by a former Pfizer board member. So three years before this alleged event started, I was very well regarded in the industry. I'm going to tell you that the design of the so called vaccines was intentionally to harm people, and I'm going to give you several examples of that based on my extensive industry experience of rational drug design. Not a single atom or molecule in a synthetic drug is in there. By luck, it's in there because people chose it to be in there and they intended certain things to flow from their choices. But just very briefly, you should know, I hope there has not been a pandemic. Denis Rancourt's data shows that the all cause mortality evidence data did not increase at all in the run up to the Declaration. Fraudulently by who? Of a pandemic. There is no public health emergency except that created by our governments. An inappropriate fraudulent PCR test was used to give people the impression that they had a particular disease where they didn't. There were all normal diseases. And then what happened was in three different ways. People were treated badly through changed medical procedures that were imposed above the level of nation. Briefly, mass ventilation of people inappropriately in hospitals that led to lots of deaths. In care homes, many people were given sedatives and respiratory depressants which led to their deaths. My PhD was specifically in that area of opiates and respiratory depression. And in the community, people were denied life saving antibiotics and died of bacterial pneumonia. There's your pandemic. There is no other pandemic. And based on this lie, we were told that vaccines were coming our way and would be our savior. Two things, as I say. First, there's no pandemic, so you certainly don't need an experimental, rushed medical intervention. But secondly, even if you did, as someone who's worked in the industry for over 30 years, I am telling you it's absolutely impossible to invent, test, clinically, evaluate and manufacture and then launch on global scale a complex biomedical product. It's absolutely impossible. It's not as close, it's years wrong. The fastest record price of this was six years. And friends of mine who've worked all their lives in manufacturing of complex biological products tell me the methods development alone for the development of a reproducible manufacturing process itself takes a number of years. So whatever it is you think was done, I am telling you, there was not the development of a proper medical product. What I think happened was the advancement of materials that are intentionally toxic. And then they were sketchily, advanced and jammed into people's arms, often coerced, sometimes even mandated, with the unsurprising effect that millions of people have died. I don't have time today to explain what I think they're going to do in the future, but suffice to say, more injections are coming if we don't stop this. So, like I said, I'm skilled in the arts of rational drug discovery. So why am I saying these materials are intentionally toxic? Well, let me give you the first example. How do you think your body plays nice with itself, but when it's infected or detects a cancer, it goes to war. And the answer is, it distinguishes self things that are meant to be inside you from non self, from foreign things that are not meant to be inside you. And it is trained exquisitely to detect and attack non self foreign things. If you inject a person with a gene that encodes a foreign piece of protein, like a spike protein from a foreign organism, your body will detect that. And every single cell that takes up that material and expresses foreign protein will be attacked and killed by your immune system. Now, if you think that's advanced immunology, let me put you right. It's in the first chapter. Distinguishing self from non self is one of the foremost lessons of immunology. And every single person involved in the train of delivery of these materials to doctor's hands knew what I've just told you, they will inevitably cause injury. Then on top of that, it's not just bad enough that you're making a foreign protein, you're making a specific material called spike protein. Those materials are biologically active. That is, if you add them to human blood, for example, they start to coagulate, it clots. Those materials are biological toxins. So now you've got a genetic sequence that forms foreign proteins. That means your body attacks and kills every cell that does it. And if you should release any of that protein in your blood, it will form blood clots. If it releases it near nerves, for example, you will get one or other of several neurological defects. And of course, it's not just nerves or blood. There's a third major factor, and there are many others. But let me give you the third one. These materials are formulated it's normal to formulate drugs. These are formulated in fatty globules called lipid nanoparticles. What they do is disguise the foreign genetic information so your body doesn't see it initially until it gets inside your cells and it goes all around your body. It will glide through the cell wall as if it wasn't there. And that was the entire point of it. So that means these materials don't just go to your lymph nodes. And they certainly don't stay in your arm where they're injected. They go all around the body, including into your brain and your blood and every organ in your body. But here's the thing. Ten years ago, there were papers published, and it was well established and well known in the industry that lipid nanoparticles, lipid nanocarriers deposit their cargo, preferentially in the ovaries, and that was confirmed with the pfizer products in an animal experiment performed for the Japanese regulators. So, by design, these agents cause an autoimmune attack on every tissue. They make your body form a well understood biological toxin that can damage multiple organs in your body. And they deposited their cargoes, preferentially in the reproductive tissues of women and girls. So if you think that's by luck, then you're mistaken. There is no doubt in my mind, anyone of my caliber, and this is my peers that worked on this, absolutely understood what they were designing and manufacturing. So I think, having heard what I've just said, that there was no pandemic and the lie was maintained in order to inject people en masse, I think five and a half billion people with an intentionally dangerous substance, 17 million of whom have died so far. What do you think is happening and what do you think your role as an individual is in stopping this crime? On. Thank you for listening. -------------------------------------------- Please note that this will likely be "community noted" and Dr. Mike Yeadon may be branded as "Antivaxxer" because (as of 12 Dec 2023), the existing "official" COVID guidelines appear to still be significantly influenced by major pharmaceutical entities, and regulatory bodies continue to be potentially compromised.

aussie17

609,317 views • 2 years ago