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Was something like an ancient micro-drill used to precision shape this large broken off granodiorite (7 on Mohs scale of hardness) head in Luxor that was crafted from a single piece of stone (the body is located nearby)? Notice the much softer sandstone statues behind it that were made... show more

Megalithic Marvels

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67,194 次观看 • 10 个月前 •via X (Twitter)

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Notice the precision curvature on this broken piece of rose-granite (rated a 7+ on the Mohs scale of hardness) located outside Giza’s “Valley Temple.” Do you really believe the dynastic Egyptians did this with their softer manual hand tools?

Notice the precision curvature on this broken piece of rose-granite (rated a 7+ on the Mohs scale of hardness) located outside Giza’s “Valley Temple.” Do you really believe the dynastic Egyptians did this with their softer manual hand tools?

Megalithic Marvels

15,757 次观看 • 4 个月前

🚨 How Was This Possible?! These are pre-dynastic Egyptian vases made out of Diorite Stone which is 7/10 on the Measurement of Hardness (MoH) scale. These vases have been PRECISION crafted to a level that is simply impossible with the toolkit we assign to these time periods.

🚨 How Was This Possible?! These are pre-dynastic Egyptian vases made out of Diorite Stone which is 7/10 on the Measurement of Hardness (MoH) scale. These vases have been PRECISION crafted to a level that is simply impossible with the toolkit we assign to these time periods.

Jay Anderson

277,424 次观看 • 1 年前

The mainstream will say this is just a “Huaca” (sacred place) made with chisels by the Inca. While I do believe the Inca found these places & repurposed them as alters - IMHO, this was made by a far older lost civilization who possessed lost tech that had the ability to precision shape this very hard andesite (a 6 on the Mohs scale). How could the copper tools (3 on Mohs scale) of the Inca do this?

The mainstream will say this is just a “Huaca” (sacred place) made with chisels by the Inca. While I do believe the Inca found these places & repurposed them as alters - IMHO, this was made by a far older lost civilization who possessed lost tech that had the ability to precision shape this very hard andesite (a 6 on the Mohs scale). How could the copper tools (3 on Mohs scale) of the Inca do this?

Megalithic Marvels

16,269 次观看 • 8 个月前

“I woke to a crushing sensation, like if you were on the bottom of a dog pile of people on top of you, and I just wanted to scream, get off me so I can breathe. At that moment I heard, and ‘heard’ is not the right word for it, it was like a sensational sound that shot through my head behind my ear and went inside, not an audible sound, but a different sound that increased in pitch and intensity and ended in a soft pop that felt like it was in the center of my head. That overpressure wave shot through my body from head to toes and I felt every single muscle in my body lock up, like being electrocuted. It was like nothing I’ve ever felt in my life before or after, and I thought, is this one of those sleep paralysis demons, because every single muscle then relaxed and I felt like I was falling through the bed and floor.”

“I woke to a crushing sensation, like if you were on the bottom of a dog pile of people on top of you, and I just wanted to scream, get off me so I can breathe. At that moment I heard, and ‘heard’ is not the right word for it, it was like a sensational sound that shot through my head behind my ear and went inside, not an audible sound, but a different sound that increased in pitch and intensity and ended in a soft pop that felt like it was in the center of my head. That overpressure wave shot through my body from head to toes and I felt every single muscle in my body lock up, like being electrocuted. It was like nothing I’ve ever felt in my life before or after, and I thought, is this one of those sleep paralysis demons, because every single muscle then relaxed and I felt like I was falling through the bed and floor.”

Shawn Ryan

382,068 次观看 • 5 个月前

Smith: In fact, my recollection is that we had a text thread between Bannon and Epshteyn that covered much of this period. On that text thread, I believe on the evening of January 6th, right around the time the senators’ calls were occurring at the president’s direction, there was an exchange between the two where Epshteyn asked Bannon if he was in touch with him. The answer was affirmative, and it was something to the effect of, “He’s still on fire.”

Smith: In fact, my recollection is that we had a text thread between Bannon and Epshteyn that covered much of this period. On that text thread, I believe on the evening of January 6th, right around the time the senators’ calls were occurring at the president’s direction, there was an exchange between the two where Epshteyn asked Bannon if he was in touch with him. The answer was affirmative, and it was something to the effect of, “He’s still on fire.”

Acyn

145,938 次观看 • 7 个月前

🚨THE SHOOTER WAS MUCH CLOSER - CHARLIE KIRK WAS SHOT FROM THE CROWD 🚨 CANDACE OWENS: “It is totally plausible that there were multiple people there that day, maybe even deciding in the last hour which one of them would take the shot.” “It is likely that a rifle was fired to muffle the sound of a smaller gun… which had to come from the front of Charlie.” “We are looking for a person that was a lot closer to Charlie, and likely in the audience.” “That goes a long way in explaining why they’re hiding the footage from behind Charlie’s head.” “Of all the cameras, why grab that one first?” “There’s a lot of hiding and definitively a lot of lying going on.”

🚨THE SHOOTER WAS MUCH CLOSER - CHARLIE KIRK WAS SHOT FROM THE CROWD 🚨 CANDACE OWENS: “It is totally plausible that there were multiple people there that day, maybe even deciding in the last hour which one of them would take the shot.” “It is likely that a rifle was fired to muffle the sound of a smaller gun… which had to come from the front of Charlie.” “We are looking for a person that was a lot closer to Charlie, and likely in the audience.” “That goes a long way in explaining why they’re hiding the footage from behind Charlie’s head.” “Of all the cameras, why grab that one first?” “There’s a lot of hiding and definitively a lot of lying going on.”

HustleBitch

101,606 次观看 • 10 个月前

Schist Disk. Look closely, although the piece has the appearance of a copper steering wheel, it's actually made of stone. How was it possible to obtain this shape, this appearance with this material? I know many will say, Hammer and Chisel. Official narrative. An archaeological artifact from Ancient Egypt. Discovered in 1936 in the tomb of Sabu, a court official, in Saqqara, near Cairo. According to experts, it dates from the First Dynasty (approximately 3000-2800 BC). On display at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, it is made of schist, a fragile metamorphic stone, with a disc shape and three curved "blades" or "paddles" around a central cylindrical cube. Its purpose remains unknown. The official story is a lie. Do you have any guesses as to what it is?

Schist Disk. Look closely, although the piece has the appearance of a copper steering wheel, it's actually made of stone. How was it possible to obtain this shape, this appearance with this material? I know many will say, Hammer and Chisel. Official narrative. An archaeological artifact from Ancient Egypt. Discovered in 1936 in the tomb of Sabu, a court official, in Saqqara, near Cairo. According to experts, it dates from the First Dynasty (approximately 3000-2800 BC). On display at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, it is made of schist, a fragile metamorphic stone, with a disc shape and three curved "blades" or "paddles" around a central cylindrical cube. Its purpose remains unknown. The official story is a lie. Do you have any guesses as to what it is?

Bronze Giant

30,494 次观看 • 8 个月前

The Bucha Massacre Was a False Flag George Galloway: I believe it belongs in the long line of false flag operations used to trigger war. I am absolutely certain that the people who were massacred at Bucha were massacred by the Nazis that are the foundation stone of the existing ukrainian state. Russia's Lavrov demands Ukraine to publish names of 'the people whose bodies were shown in Bucha' Sept. 22.2022 We still waiting ...

The Bucha Massacre Was a False Flag George Galloway: I believe it belongs in the long line of false flag operations used to trigger war. I am absolutely certain that the people who were massacred at Bucha were massacred by the Nazis that are the foundation stone of the existing ukrainian state. Russia's Lavrov demands Ukraine to publish names of 'the people whose bodies were shown in Bucha' Sept. 22.2022 We still waiting ...

Ignorance, the root and stem of all evil

159,705 次观看 • 2 年前

In 1901, divers pulled a lump of corroded bronze out of a two thousand year old shipwreck. It took the next century to understand what it was, and the answer broke the timeline of human history. It's called the Antikythera Mechanism, and it is the oldest known computer on earth. It was built by the ancient Greeks, around 100 BC, and it should not exist. Nothing else of its sophistication would appear anywhere in the world for more than a thousand years after it... It was found by sponge divers off the Greek island of Antikythera, in the wreck of a trading ship that had sunk in the first century BC, surrounded by bronze statues and pottery. The corroded fragments looked like nothing at first, and sat largely ignored in a museum in Athens. Only over the following decades, and especially with modern X-ray and CT scanning in our own century, did researchers finally see inside it. What they found was a machine. Behind its bronze face was a system of at least thirty interlocking precision gears, cut and arranged with a sophistication that would not be matched until the geared astronomical clocks of medieval Europe, well over a thousand years later. It was, in the words of the team that studied it, a mechanical computer that worked by turning astronomical theory into bronze... And it did extraordinary things. You turned a hand crank on the side, and the mechanism calculated the positions of the sun, the moon, and the five planets the Greeks knew. It tracked the phases of the moon. It predicted solar and lunar eclipses years in advance. It even displayed the four-year cycle of the ancient Olympic Games. A person standing in the ancient world could set this device to a date and watch the heavens be calculated in front of them, by gears, by hand. Roughly a third of the original survives, in 82 corroded fragments. We still do not know who designed it, or how a civilization without anything resembling industrial machinery achieved this level of precision engineering. What is certain is that it was not a one-off accident. A device this refined implies a tradition behind it, generations of knowledge and earlier attempts that have been lost completely. The Antikythera Mechanism is proof of how much the ancient world knew, and how much of what human beings have achieved has simply vanished without a trace, leaving us to stumble on a single piece of it at the bottom of the sea...

In 1901, divers pulled a lump of corroded bronze out of a two thousand year old shipwreck. It took the next century to understand what it was, and the answer broke the timeline of human history. It's called the Antikythera Mechanism, and it is the oldest known computer on earth. It was built by the ancient Greeks, around 100 BC, and it should not exist. Nothing else of its sophistication would appear anywhere in the world for more than a thousand years after it... It was found by sponge divers off the Greek island of Antikythera, in the wreck of a trading ship that had sunk in the first century BC, surrounded by bronze statues and pottery. The corroded fragments looked like nothing at first, and sat largely ignored in a museum in Athens. Only over the following decades, and especially with modern X-ray and CT scanning in our own century, did researchers finally see inside it. What they found was a machine. Behind its bronze face was a system of at least thirty interlocking precision gears, cut and arranged with a sophistication that would not be matched until the geared astronomical clocks of medieval Europe, well over a thousand years later. It was, in the words of the team that studied it, a mechanical computer that worked by turning astronomical theory into bronze... And it did extraordinary things. You turned a hand crank on the side, and the mechanism calculated the positions of the sun, the moon, and the five planets the Greeks knew. It tracked the phases of the moon. It predicted solar and lunar eclipses years in advance. It even displayed the four-year cycle of the ancient Olympic Games. A person standing in the ancient world could set this device to a date and watch the heavens be calculated in front of them, by gears, by hand. Roughly a third of the original survives, in 82 corroded fragments. We still do not know who designed it, or how a civilization without anything resembling industrial machinery achieved this level of precision engineering. What is certain is that it was not a one-off accident. A device this refined implies a tradition behind it, generations of knowledge and earlier attempts that have been lost completely. The Antikythera Mechanism is proof of how much the ancient world knew, and how much of what human beings have achieved has simply vanished without a trace, leaving us to stumble on a single piece of it at the bottom of the sea...

James Lucas

246,486 次观看 • 1 个月前

Leavitt on barring the AP: I was very up front in my briefing on day one that if we feel that there are lies being pushed by outlets in this room, we are going to hold those lies accountable. And it is a fact that the body of water off the coast of Louisiana is called the Gulf of America.

Leavitt on barring the AP: I was very up front in my briefing on day one that if we feel that there are lies being pushed by outlets in this room, we are going to hold those lies accountable. And it is a fact that the body of water off the coast of Louisiana is called the Gulf of America.

Acyn

5,090,328 次观看 • 1 年前

Taken individually, any single ancient monument can be explained away as a feat of organized labor and brute force. Randall’s argument is that when you take the full picture in totality - the scale, the precision, the sacred geometry, and the global distribution of structures built from stones weighing ten tons or more - a different conclusion forces itself. There is a common system at work. These cultures shared a body of knowledge that we have forgotten, and that knowledge included something that made the manipulation of very large stones considerably easier than simple muscular effort would allow. The question Randall poses is direct - is the sacred geometry embedded in these structures merely an homage to a king's ego, a decorative impulse scaled up in stone? He dismisses that explanation not with contempt but with logic. The consistency of the system across cultures with no documented contact, the precision of the geometry, and the physical improbability of the construction methods conventionally proposed all point in the same direction. What was being built was not a monument to human vanity. It was an application of a knowledge system sophisticated enough to make the seemingly impossible routine - and whatever that system was, its loss is one of the most significant gaps in our understanding of what our predecessors were actually capable of.

Taken individually, any single ancient monument can be explained away as a feat of organized labor and brute force. Randall’s argument is that when you take the full picture in totality - the scale, the precision, the sacred geometry, and the global distribution of structures built from stones weighing ten tons or more - a different conclusion forces itself. There is a common system at work. These cultures shared a body of knowledge that we have forgotten, and that knowledge included something that made the manipulation of very large stones considerably easier than simple muscular effort would allow. The question Randall poses is direct - is the sacred geometry embedded in these structures merely an homage to a king's ego, a decorative impulse scaled up in stone? He dismisses that explanation not with contempt but with logic. The consistency of the system across cultures with no documented contact, the precision of the geometry, and the physical improbability of the construction methods conventionally proposed all point in the same direction. What was being built was not a monument to human vanity. It was an application of a knowledge system sophisticated enough to make the seemingly impossible routine - and whatever that system was, its loss is one of the most significant gaps in our understanding of what our predecessors were actually capable of.

Randall Carlson

14,080 次观看 • 5 个月前

Heinrich on Iran: An article stated that Trump was not considering a tactical nuke— that it was not one of the options that was presented to him. I was just told by a top official here that none of that report is true— that none of the options are off the table

Heinrich on Iran: An article stated that Trump was not considering a tactical nuke— that it was not one of the options that was presented to him. I was just told by a top official here that none of that report is true— that none of the options are off the table

Acyn

846,219 次观看 • 1 年前

Seyyed Hassan Khamenei says: The main story started from Netanyahu's trip to the US We witnessed violence that is not in the taste of the Iranian people. A violence that was like ISIS. I think behind the scenes, a large part of it is an ISIS current that has entered from some neighboring countries. — as i said earlier, when it started.

Seyyed Hassan Khamenei says: The main story started from Netanyahu's trip to the US We witnessed violence that is not in the taste of the Iranian people. A violence that was like ISIS. I think behind the scenes, a large part of it is an ISIS current that has entered from some neighboring countries. — as i said earlier, when it started.

Sprinter Press

72,212 次观看 • 7 个月前

THE HIDDEN HISTORY OF THE SPHINX (Not What You Were Taught…) - The Sphinx wasn’t built in 2500 BC. - It was built around 48,500 BC by the Syrian Anunnaki—not to honor pharaohs, but to guard a portal. - At that time, two Anunnaki factions existed: → The Syrian Anunnaki, builders of the Pyramids → The Anunnaki Resistance, pulling power from inner Earth to conquer Egypt, the Ark of the Covenant, and eventually… Earth itself. - The Great Pyramid was constructed atop Stargate 4, an interdimensional portal. - The Ark of the Covenant was stationed there. - The Sphinx was placed to protect the inner Earth tunnel system beneath it—connected directly to the Ark. - Its form? The head of an Anunnaki warrior. The body of a lion—a nod to the leonine ancestors of the Anunnaki. - A cosmic warning: We will not be intimidated. - The ancient builders encoded messages in stone for future generations to decode. - And now… the truth is resurfacing. ✨🙌🏾💫 © Samuel Lee

THE HIDDEN HISTORY OF THE SPHINX (Not What You Were Taught…) - The Sphinx wasn’t built in 2500 BC. - It was built around 48,500 BC by the Syrian Anunnaki—not to honor pharaohs, but to guard a portal. - At that time, two Anunnaki factions existed: → The Syrian Anunnaki, builders of the Pyramids → The Anunnaki Resistance, pulling power from inner Earth to conquer Egypt, the Ark of the Covenant, and eventually… Earth itself. - The Great Pyramid was constructed atop Stargate 4, an interdimensional portal. - The Ark of the Covenant was stationed there. - The Sphinx was placed to protect the inner Earth tunnel system beneath it—connected directly to the Ark. - Its form? The head of an Anunnaki warrior. The body of a lion—a nod to the leonine ancestors of the Anunnaki. - A cosmic warning: We will not be intimidated. - The ancient builders encoded messages in stone for future generations to decode. - And now… the truth is resurfacing. ✨🙌🏾💫 © Samuel Lee

🧬Maxpein🧬

26,331 次观看 • 9 个月前

The DC “family-friendly” pride parade featured a tw*rk off in front of children. The police chief marched in this event. While this was going on, rioters were vandalizing statues nearby. This is our Capital. We are a national embarrassment.

The DC “family-friendly” pride parade featured a tw*rk off in front of children. The police chief marched in this event. While this was going on, rioters were vandalizing statues nearby. This is our Capital. We are a national embarrassment.

Libs of TikTok

1,605,370 次观看 • 2 年前

The so called "Tomb of Hector", reputed to belong to Hector, a Trojan hero from the Iliad; located in Cadianda, Üzümlü, Türkiye. It is beginning to slide down hillside due to earthquakes... Ophryneion or Ophrynium was an ancient Greek city in northern Troad region of Anatolia, Türkiye. The city was situated on the steep brow of a hill overlooking the Dardanelles, hence the origin of its Ancient Greek name ὀφρῦς (ophrus), meaning 'brow of a hill', 'crag'. Ophryneion was supposedly one of a series of cities founded by Akamas, son of Theseus which he subsequently passed off as being founded by Ascanius and Skamandrios, sons of Aeneas and of Hector respectively. This story was taken from 2nd Century BC, scholar Lysimachus of Alexandria, who related it in Book 2 of his Nostoi, who in turn derived it from a late 4th Century BC, historian known as Dionysios of Chalkis. It has been argued that this tradition reflects a pro-Athenian bias, as it makes the founder of many places in Troad the son of Athens' most important hero, Theseus, while at the same time explaining away the fact that contemporary traditions made no mention of such a connection. By contrast with story of Ophryneion being founded by Akamas, which puts the city's origins in the period immediately following destruction of Troy, surface surveys conducted on the site suggest that it was occupied no earlier than 6th Century BC. In antiquity, Ophryneion was considered to be site of tomb of Hector, famous Trojan hero killed by Achilles in Homer's Iliad. It is possible that a lost play of 5th Century BC tragedian Sophocles referred to this tradition, and it likewise appears to be referred to on a vase from 500–490 BC depicting sack of Troy. However, first secure reference to this tradition appears on the coinage of Ophryneion, 350–300 BC, which depicted Hector. After city of Thebes was rebuilt in 316 BC (it had been destroyed by Alexander the Great in 335 BC), bones of Hector were moved from Ophryneion to Thebes in accordance with an oracle which promised Thebes prosperity should this happen. In early 1st Century AD, geographer Strabo described there being a sacred precinct of Hector near Oryphneion in a conspicuous spot, but scholars have been unable to identify it. Ophryneion is rarely mentioned in extant sources from Antiquity. Herodotus mentions that in 480 BC, Xerxes passed by his way up coast before crossing to Europe at nearby Abydos. Later that century, it was one of Actaean cities which Mytilene lost control of following the end of the Mytilenean revolt in 427 BC. An inscription from Athens dating to 414/413 BC which records property confiscated from Athenian nobleman implicated in mutilation of Herms, indicates that a relative of Alcibiades, Axiochus, earned revenues from land in the territory of Ophryneion. In summer of 399 BC, Xenophon stopped here to offer sacrifice while marching home with 10,000. Later in 4th Century BC, a speech of orator Demosthenes relates how a man who had been exiled from Byzantium, Parmeno, had decided to settle at Ophryneion, but was forced to move when an earthquake struck Chersonese and brought down his house, presumably causing similar damage in rest of town. Some time shortly after 316 BC, bones of Hector were moved from Ophryneion to Thebes, although Strabo's description of Hector's precinct at Ophryneion in 1st Century AD suggests that he was still worshipped there after his bones had moved. Strabo indicates that before Treaty of Apamea in 188 BC, Ophryneion had been under sway of Dardanus to north-east, whereas after this point it instead belonged to Ilium. Pot sherds and coins found at Ophryneion indicate that the site was continuously occupied until at least Byzantine period, but with exception of its fame as one-time location of the bones of Hector, we hear no more about it. 🎥© adabkodlari (IG) #archaeohistories

The so called "Tomb of Hector", reputed to belong to Hector, a Trojan hero from the Iliad; located in Cadianda, Üzümlü, Türkiye. It is beginning to slide down hillside due to earthquakes... Ophryneion or Ophrynium was an ancient Greek city in northern Troad region of Anatolia, Türkiye. The city was situated on the steep brow of a hill overlooking the Dardanelles, hence the origin of its Ancient Greek name ὀφρῦς (ophrus), meaning 'brow of a hill', 'crag'. Ophryneion was supposedly one of a series of cities founded by Akamas, son of Theseus which he subsequently passed off as being founded by Ascanius and Skamandrios, sons of Aeneas and of Hector respectively. This story was taken from 2nd Century BC, scholar Lysimachus of Alexandria, who related it in Book 2 of his Nostoi, who in turn derived it from a late 4th Century BC, historian known as Dionysios of Chalkis. It has been argued that this tradition reflects a pro-Athenian bias, as it makes the founder of many places in Troad the son of Athens' most important hero, Theseus, while at the same time explaining away the fact that contemporary traditions made no mention of such a connection. By contrast with story of Ophryneion being founded by Akamas, which puts the city's origins in the period immediately following destruction of Troy, surface surveys conducted on the site suggest that it was occupied no earlier than 6th Century BC. In antiquity, Ophryneion was considered to be site of tomb of Hector, famous Trojan hero killed by Achilles in Homer's Iliad. It is possible that a lost play of 5th Century BC tragedian Sophocles referred to this tradition, and it likewise appears to be referred to on a vase from 500–490 BC depicting sack of Troy. However, first secure reference to this tradition appears on the coinage of Ophryneion, 350–300 BC, which depicted Hector. After city of Thebes was rebuilt in 316 BC (it had been destroyed by Alexander the Great in 335 BC), bones of Hector were moved from Ophryneion to Thebes in accordance with an oracle which promised Thebes prosperity should this happen. In early 1st Century AD, geographer Strabo described there being a sacred precinct of Hector near Oryphneion in a conspicuous spot, but scholars have been unable to identify it. Ophryneion is rarely mentioned in extant sources from Antiquity. Herodotus mentions that in 480 BC, Xerxes passed by his way up coast before crossing to Europe at nearby Abydos. Later that century, it was one of Actaean cities which Mytilene lost control of following the end of the Mytilenean revolt in 427 BC. An inscription from Athens dating to 414/413 BC which records property confiscated from Athenian nobleman implicated in mutilation of Herms, indicates that a relative of Alcibiades, Axiochus, earned revenues from land in the territory of Ophryneion. In summer of 399 BC, Xenophon stopped here to offer sacrifice while marching home with 10,000. Later in 4th Century BC, a speech of orator Demosthenes relates how a man who had been exiled from Byzantium, Parmeno, had decided to settle at Ophryneion, but was forced to move when an earthquake struck Chersonese and brought down his house, presumably causing similar damage in rest of town. Some time shortly after 316 BC, bones of Hector were moved from Ophryneion to Thebes, although Strabo's description of Hector's precinct at Ophryneion in 1st Century AD suggests that he was still worshipped there after his bones had moved. Strabo indicates that before Treaty of Apamea in 188 BC, Ophryneion had been under sway of Dardanus to north-east, whereas after this point it instead belonged to Ilium. Pot sherds and coins found at Ophryneion indicate that the site was continuously occupied until at least Byzantine period, but with exception of its fame as one-time location of the bones of Hector, we hear no more about it. 🎥© adabkodlari (IG) #archaeohistories

Archaeo - Histories

58,732 次观看 • 1 年前

The so called "Tomb of Hector", reputed to belong to Hector, a Trojan hero from the Iliad; located in Cadianda, Üzümlü, Türkiye 🇹🇷. It is beginning to slide down hillside due to earthquakes.... Ophryneion or Ophrynium was an ancient Greek city in northern Troad region of Anatolia, Türkiye. The city was situated on the steep brow of a hill overlooking the Dardanelles, hence the origin of its Ancient Greek name ὀφρῦς (ophrus), meaning 'brow of a hill', 'crag'. Ophryneion was supposedly one of a series of cities founded by Akamas, son of Theseus which he subsequently passed off as being founded by Ascanius and Skamandrios, sons of Aeneas and of Hector respectively. This story was taken from 2nd Century BC, scholar Lysimachus of Alexandria, who related it in Book 2 of his Nostoi, who in turn derived it from a late 4th Century BC, historian known as Dionysios of Chalkis. It has been argued that this tradition reflects a pro-Athenian bias, as it makes the founder of many places in Troad the son of Athens' most important hero, Theseus, while at the same time explaining away the fact that contemporary traditions made no mention of such a connection. By contrast with story of Ophryneion being founded by Akamas, which puts the city's origins in the period immediately following destruction of Troy, surface surveys conducted on the site suggest that it was occupied no earlier than 6th Century BC. In antiquity, Ophryneion was considered to be site of tomb of Hector, famous Trojan hero killed by Achilles in Homer's Iliad. It is possible that a lost play of 5th Century BC tragedian Sophocles referred to this tradition, and it likewise appears to be referred to on a vase from 500–490 BC depicting sack of Troy. However, first secure reference to this tradition appears on the coinage of Ophryneion, 350–300 BC, which depicted Hector. After city of Thebes was rebuilt in 316 BC (it had been destroyed by Alexander the Great in 335 BC), bones of Hector were moved from Ophryneion to Thebes in accordance with an oracle which promised Thebes prosperity should this happen. In early 1st Century AD, geographer Strabo described there being a sacred precinct of Hector near Oryphneion in a conspicuous spot, but scholars have been unable to identify it. Ophryneion is rarely mentioned in extant sources from Antiquity. Herodotus mentions that in 480 BC, Xerxes passed by his way up coast before crossing to Europe at nearby Abydos. Later that century, it was one of Actaean cities which Mytilene lost control of following the end of the Mytilenean revolt in 427 BC. An inscription from Athens dating to 414/413 BC which records property confiscated from Athenian nobleman implicated in mutilation of Herms, indicates that a relative of Alcibiades, Axiochus, earned revenues from land in the territory of Ophryneion. In summer of 399 BC, Xenophon stopped here to offer sacrifice while marching home with 10,000. Later in 4th Century BC, a speech of orator Demosthenes relates how a man who had been exiled from Byzantium, Parmeno, had decided to settle at Ophryneion, but was forced to move when an earthquake struck Chersonese and brought down his house, presumably causing similar damage in rest of town. Some time shortly after 316 BC, bones of Hector were moved from Ophryneion to Thebes, although Strabo's description of Hector's precinct at Ophryneion in 1st Century AD suggests that he was still worshipped there after his bones had moved. Strabo indicates that before Treaty of Apamea in 188 BC, Ophryneion had been under sway of Dardanus to north-east, whereas after this point it instead belonged to Ilium. Pot sherds and coins found at Ophryneion indicate that the site was continuously occupied until at least Byzantine period, but with exception of its fame as one-time location of the bones of Hector, we hear no more about it. 🎥 : Credit to the Owner #archaeohistories

The so called "Tomb of Hector", reputed to belong to Hector, a Trojan hero from the Iliad; located in Cadianda, Üzümlü, Türkiye 🇹🇷. It is beginning to slide down hillside due to earthquakes.... Ophryneion or Ophrynium was an ancient Greek city in northern Troad region of Anatolia, Türkiye. The city was situated on the steep brow of a hill overlooking the Dardanelles, hence the origin of its Ancient Greek name ὀφρῦς (ophrus), meaning 'brow of a hill', 'crag'. Ophryneion was supposedly one of a series of cities founded by Akamas, son of Theseus which he subsequently passed off as being founded by Ascanius and Skamandrios, sons of Aeneas and of Hector respectively. This story was taken from 2nd Century BC, scholar Lysimachus of Alexandria, who related it in Book 2 of his Nostoi, who in turn derived it from a late 4th Century BC, historian known as Dionysios of Chalkis. It has been argued that this tradition reflects a pro-Athenian bias, as it makes the founder of many places in Troad the son of Athens' most important hero, Theseus, while at the same time explaining away the fact that contemporary traditions made no mention of such a connection. By contrast with story of Ophryneion being founded by Akamas, which puts the city's origins in the period immediately following destruction of Troy, surface surveys conducted on the site suggest that it was occupied no earlier than 6th Century BC. In antiquity, Ophryneion was considered to be site of tomb of Hector, famous Trojan hero killed by Achilles in Homer's Iliad. It is possible that a lost play of 5th Century BC tragedian Sophocles referred to this tradition, and it likewise appears to be referred to on a vase from 500–490 BC depicting sack of Troy. However, first secure reference to this tradition appears on the coinage of Ophryneion, 350–300 BC, which depicted Hector. After city of Thebes was rebuilt in 316 BC (it had been destroyed by Alexander the Great in 335 BC), bones of Hector were moved from Ophryneion to Thebes in accordance with an oracle which promised Thebes prosperity should this happen. In early 1st Century AD, geographer Strabo described there being a sacred precinct of Hector near Oryphneion in a conspicuous spot, but scholars have been unable to identify it. Ophryneion is rarely mentioned in extant sources from Antiquity. Herodotus mentions that in 480 BC, Xerxes passed by his way up coast before crossing to Europe at nearby Abydos. Later that century, it was one of Actaean cities which Mytilene lost control of following the end of the Mytilenean revolt in 427 BC. An inscription from Athens dating to 414/413 BC which records property confiscated from Athenian nobleman implicated in mutilation of Herms, indicates that a relative of Alcibiades, Axiochus, earned revenues from land in the territory of Ophryneion. In summer of 399 BC, Xenophon stopped here to offer sacrifice while marching home with 10,000. Later in 4th Century BC, a speech of orator Demosthenes relates how a man who had been exiled from Byzantium, Parmeno, had decided to settle at Ophryneion, but was forced to move when an earthquake struck Chersonese and brought down his house, presumably causing similar damage in rest of town. Some time shortly after 316 BC, bones of Hector were moved from Ophryneion to Thebes, although Strabo's description of Hector's precinct at Ophryneion in 1st Century AD suggests that he was still worshipped there after his bones had moved. Strabo indicates that before Treaty of Apamea in 188 BC, Ophryneion had been under sway of Dardanus to north-east, whereas after this point it instead belonged to Ilium. Pot sherds and coins found at Ophryneion indicate that the site was continuously occupied until at least Byzantine period, but with exception of its fame as one-time location of the bones of Hector, we hear no more about it. 🎥 : Credit to the Owner #archaeohistories

Archaeo - Histories

57,666 次观看 • 10 个月前

The carnyx is an ancient musical instrument that best-known to have been used by the Celts during the Iron Age. Between 300 BC and 200 AD, the carnyx was used in many parts of Europe. In the ancient literary records, the carnyx is most commonly depicted as an instrument that accompanied Celtic warriors when they went into battle. Apart from literary sources, references to the carnyx have also been found on pieces of art and coins. Lastly, remains of this musical instrument have occasionally been found during archaeological excavations. The carnyx may be described as a type of war trumpet. This instrument was a valveless horn that was made of beaten bronze, and can be easily recognized due to its ſ-shape. Another distinct feature of the carnyx is its bell, which often depicts the head of some animal. Such animals include boars, dragons, serpents, birds and wolves. The bells of the carnyx were fashioned after these animals so as to strike fear into enemy warriors. Additionally, some bells were made with joints at the jaws, which would cause the animal’s head to move when the instrument was blown, thus adding to the psychological effect it had on the enemy. Whilst the sight of the carnyx struck fear into the hearts of the enemy, it was the sound of it, which has been described as lugubrious and harsh, that probably had a greater impact on enemy morale. It may be pointed out that it is unlikely that we will ever know how their carnyces had sounded. Nevertheless, it is possible to recreate this instrument, given that some of them have been found during archaeological excavations, and perhaps achieve a slightly better understanding of how this instrument worked. One example of a carnyx that has survived is the Deskford Carnyx, which was discovered in Deskford in Banffshire, Scotland. Only the head of this instrument was found, and it has been speculated that it had been buried as a votive offering to the gods. Although this instrument did not survive in its entirety, it provided enough information for a replica to be made. In order to recreate the rest of the carnyx, parallels, most notably artistic depictions from elsewhere in Europe were consulted. As a result, it is possible for us to hear the kind of sound a carnyx may have emitted when it was played. Nevertheless, the Deskford Carnyx is only one example of such an instrument. Prior to 2004, the remains of only five carynces were known. These instruments were found in Scotland, France, Germany, Switzerland and Romania respectively. In November 2004, a deposit of seven carynces was unearthed at Tintignac, a Gallo-Roman site at Tintignac in the Corrèze region of southern France. One of these carnyces had a bell in the shape of a serpent’s head with huge ears. A recreation of this carnyx was also made, and the sound produced by this instrument was quite different from that of the Deskford Carnyx. Thus, it has been shown that there were different types of carnyces in existence. Additionally, the carnyx from Tintignac also forced experts to re-evaluate the way that this instrument was played. Prior to its discovery, it was thought that the carnyx was held vertically, as depicted in some pieces of ancient art. The carnyx from Tintignac, however, had a completely straight tube, as opposed to other carnyces which had a slight bend at the mouth end of the tube. This meant that the carnyx from Tintignac was most likely played more or less horizontally, rather than vertically. This has led to the speculation that the carnyx, though traditionally associated with warfare, may have had a ritualistic function, and had been used for other occasions, such as feasts, funerals and weddings, as well. #archaeohistories

The carnyx is an ancient musical instrument that best-known to have been used by the Celts during the Iron Age. Between 300 BC and 200 AD, the carnyx was used in many parts of Europe. In the ancient literary records, the carnyx is most commonly depicted as an instrument that accompanied Celtic warriors when they went into battle. Apart from literary sources, references to the carnyx have also been found on pieces of art and coins. Lastly, remains of this musical instrument have occasionally been found during archaeological excavations. The carnyx may be described as a type of war trumpet. This instrument was a valveless horn that was made of beaten bronze, and can be easily recognized due to its ſ-shape. Another distinct feature of the carnyx is its bell, which often depicts the head of some animal. Such animals include boars, dragons, serpents, birds and wolves. The bells of the carnyx were fashioned after these animals so as to strike fear into enemy warriors. Additionally, some bells were made with joints at the jaws, which would cause the animal’s head to move when the instrument was blown, thus adding to the psychological effect it had on the enemy. Whilst the sight of the carnyx struck fear into the hearts of the enemy, it was the sound of it, which has been described as lugubrious and harsh, that probably had a greater impact on enemy morale. It may be pointed out that it is unlikely that we will ever know how their carnyces had sounded. Nevertheless, it is possible to recreate this instrument, given that some of them have been found during archaeological excavations, and perhaps achieve a slightly better understanding of how this instrument worked. One example of a carnyx that has survived is the Deskford Carnyx, which was discovered in Deskford in Banffshire, Scotland. Only the head of this instrument was found, and it has been speculated that it had been buried as a votive offering to the gods. Although this instrument did not survive in its entirety, it provided enough information for a replica to be made. In order to recreate the rest of the carnyx, parallels, most notably artistic depictions from elsewhere in Europe were consulted. As a result, it is possible for us to hear the kind of sound a carnyx may have emitted when it was played. Nevertheless, the Deskford Carnyx is only one example of such an instrument. Prior to 2004, the remains of only five carynces were known. These instruments were found in Scotland, France, Germany, Switzerland and Romania respectively. In November 2004, a deposit of seven carynces was unearthed at Tintignac, a Gallo-Roman site at Tintignac in the Corrèze region of southern France. One of these carnyces had a bell in the shape of a serpent’s head with huge ears. A recreation of this carnyx was also made, and the sound produced by this instrument was quite different from that of the Deskford Carnyx. Thus, it has been shown that there were different types of carnyces in existence. Additionally, the carnyx from Tintignac also forced experts to re-evaluate the way that this instrument was played. Prior to its discovery, it was thought that the carnyx was held vertically, as depicted in some pieces of ancient art. The carnyx from Tintignac, however, had a completely straight tube, as opposed to other carnyces which had a slight bend at the mouth end of the tube. This meant that the carnyx from Tintignac was most likely played more or less horizontally, rather than vertically. This has led to the speculation that the carnyx, though traditionally associated with warfare, may have had a ritualistic function, and had been used for other occasions, such as feasts, funerals and weddings, as well. #archaeohistories

Archaeo - Histories

13,852 次观看 • 7 个月前