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We sat down with Michael Levin, developmental biologist at Tufts University, about the emerging field of developmental bioelectricity: how electrical signals help control how organisms build and regenerate themselves. Levin explains how voltage gradients, ion channels, and gap junctions guide embryonic development and encode large-scale anatomical information that cells...

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19,122 views • 2 months ago •via X (Twitter)

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New episode with Dr. Konrad Kording (Kording Lab 🦖), professor of bioengineering and neuroscience at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) and co-director of CIFAR's Learning in Machines & Brains program (CIFAR). Konrad works at the intersection of causality, machine learning, and neuroscience, building rigorous methods for causal reasoning when experiments aren't possible — and challenging how researchers interpret neural data and build AI. Konrad argues the most promising path to understanding how the brain works is to read the brain’s wiring directly, down to the molecular detail of each connection, and to build compilers and simulations to understand the brain’s computation directly. In this episode we go deep into how neurons work, how neurons wire together, and how organic and artificial neural networks differ. We discuss why organic neurons are doing much more; how a model of a single organic neuron can solve MNIST — computing more like a 3-layer artificial neural network; how the brain might learn by solving credit assignment with only local signals; how to approximate backprop without a global algorithm; why AI and humans are intelligent along different dimensions; why Konrad isn’t very worried about AI replacing us; economic models of intelligence and physical work; and much more. Konrad is a brilliant, contrarian thinker who explains complex concepts very intuitively. It is a solid computational neuroscience primer. I hope you enjoy this conversation as much as I did! Other links to this episode and references below. Chapters 00:00:00 Introduction 00:01:01 How organic neurons work 00:24:13 How the brain learns: circuits and credit assignment 00:45:29 Recording the brain 00:52:47 Why simulating brains is hard 01:05:00 A new approach: connectomes and compilers 01:21:00 Why simulate brains? 01:29:50 How AI and human intelligence differ 01:41:04 Evolution, intelligence and AI risk 01:52:42 Robotics, causality, and the roots of intelligence 02:05:53 AI for science and scientific rigor 02:13:05 The economics of intelligence 02:27:50 A hopeful future
2:29:40

New episode with Dr. Konrad Kording (Kording Lab 🦖), professor of bioengineering and neuroscience at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) and co-director of CIFAR's Learning in Machines & Brains program (CIFAR). Konrad works at the intersection of causality, machine learning, and neuroscience, building rigorous methods for causal reasoning when experiments aren't possible — and challenging how researchers interpret neural data and build AI. Konrad argues the most promising path to understanding how the brain works is to read the brain’s wiring directly, down to the molecular detail of each connection, and to build compilers and simulations to understand the brain’s computation directly. In this episode we go deep into how neurons work, how neurons wire together, and how organic and artificial neural networks differ. We discuss why organic neurons are doing much more; how a model of a single organic neuron can solve MNIST — computing more like a 3-layer artificial neural network; how the brain might learn by solving credit assignment with only local signals; how to approximate backprop without a global algorithm; why AI and humans are intelligent along different dimensions; why Konrad isn’t very worried about AI replacing us; economic models of intelligence and physical work; and much more. Konrad is a brilliant, contrarian thinker who explains complex concepts very intuitively. It is a solid computational neuroscience primer. I hope you enjoy this conversation as much as I did! Other links to this episode and references below. Chapters 00:00:00 Introduction 00:01:01 How organic neurons work 00:24:13 How the brain learns: circuits and credit assignment 00:45:29 Recording the brain 00:52:47 Why simulating brains is hard 01:05:00 A new approach: connectomes and compilers 01:21:00 Why simulate brains? 01:29:50 How AI and human intelligence differ 01:41:04 Evolution, intelligence and AI risk 01:52:42 Robotics, causality, and the roots of intelligence 02:05:53 AI for science and scientific rigor 02:13:05 The economics of intelligence 02:27:50 A hopeful future

Juan Benet

50,121 views • 2 months ago

Here's my conversation with Ezra Klein and Derek Thompson about their vision for the future of the Democratic party and left-wing politics in America, focusing on how to build more with less regulation, while maintaining progressive ideals. We discuss DOGE, Elon, Trump, AOC, Sam Harris, and detailed policies (especially around housing). I hope to talk to many more voices on the left, including Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Barack Obama, and others. It's here on X in full, and is up everywhere else (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Episode highlight 3:08 - Introduction 6:37 - Left-wing vs right-wing politics 15:58 - Political leaders on the left and the right 40:34 - Internal political divisions 43:34 - AOC 54:54 - Political realignment 1:06:37 - Supply-side progressivism 1:13:47 - Wealth redistribution 1:23:54 - Housing problem 1:40:13 - Regulation and deregulation 1:56:47 - DOGE, Elon, and Trump 2:55:50 - Sam Harris 3:05:28 - Future of America
3:15:17

Here's my conversation with Ezra Klein and Derek Thompson about their vision for the future of the Democratic party and left-wing politics in America, focusing on how to build more with less regulation, while maintaining progressive ideals. We discuss DOGE, Elon, Trump, AOC, Sam Harris, and detailed policies (especially around housing). I hope to talk to many more voices on the left, including Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Barack Obama, and others. It's here on X in full, and is up everywhere else (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Episode highlight 3:08 - Introduction 6:37 - Left-wing vs right-wing politics 15:58 - Political leaders on the left and the right 40:34 - Internal political divisions 43:34 - AOC 54:54 - Political realignment 1:06:37 - Supply-side progressivism 1:13:47 - Wealth redistribution 1:23:54 - Housing problem 1:40:13 - Regulation and deregulation 1:56:47 - DOGE, Elon, and Trump 2:55:50 - Sam Harris 3:05:28 - Future of America

Lex Fridman

253,620 views • 1 year ago

Today’s episode of web3 with a16z features a conversation between Eigen Labs Founder Sreeram Kannan, formerly an associate professor at the University of Washington, where he led its Blockchain Lab, and a16z crypto General Partner . We dig into big ideas, like what people mean when they call blockchains "truth machines." We also share practical advice and insights, like how to go about deciding on your life’s work; what you can do to keep increasing — and compounding — your leverage; plus, how a bungled interview question can change your life. Enjoy the full episode here on X. Timestamps: 0:00 – introduction 1:25 – open innovation 4:08 – evolution of blockchain technologies 12:34 – journey from academia 16:00 – one of the best life lessons 19:40 – impact of network information theory 24:31 – activation energy and moving earth 29:13 – building a trust network 36:20 – blockchains as commitment engines 45:17 – Q&A 45:57 – the power of narrative 52:19 – restaking and the memetic sphere 56:01 – two approaches to problem solving 59:53 – startup focus and exponential games 1:04:56 – professor coins 1:09:03 – win-win or no deal 01:13:59 – conclusion
1:14:54

Today’s episode of web3 with a16z features a conversation between Eigen Labs Founder Sreeram Kannan, formerly an associate professor at the University of Washington, where he led its Blockchain Lab, and a16z crypto General Partner . We dig into big ideas, like what people mean when they call blockchains "truth machines." We also share practical advice and insights, like how to go about deciding on your life’s work; what you can do to keep increasing — and compounding — your leverage; plus, how a bungled interview question can change your life. Enjoy the full episode here on X. Timestamps: 0:00 – introduction 1:25 – open innovation 4:08 – evolution of blockchain technologies 12:34 – journey from academia 16:00 – one of the best life lessons 19:40 – impact of network information theory 24:31 – activation energy and moving earth 29:13 – building a trust network 36:20 – blockchains as commitment engines 45:17 – Q&A 45:57 – the power of narrative 52:19 – restaking and the memetic sphere 56:01 – two approaches to problem solving 59:53 – startup focus and exponential games 1:04:56 – professor coins 1:09:03 – win-win or no deal 01:13:59 – conclusion

a16z crypto

56,802 views • 1 year ago

Aidan Gomez (Aidan Gomez) is a computer scientist, co-author of the seminal paper ‘Attention Is All You Need,’ and the CEO of Cohere. In this episode, we discussed his upbringing in the cabin his grandfather built in Codrington, a small town North of Brighton, and the values that were instilled in him through his family. We explored his path from Codrington to his undergraduate studies at the University of Toronto, emailing Geoffrey Hinton, and joining Google Brain where he co-wrote the paper on transformers. We discussed how he met his co-founders Ivan Zhang and Nick Frosst, and his insights on what it means to build a meaningful, successful company in Canada. Aidan shares his conviction about what is at stake — for Canada and for the world at large. This is a conversation about family, values, and what it means to live with conviction. The Other Stuff is hosted by internetVin — filmmaker, entrepreneur, and possibly the most curious man on Earth. Produced by New. The Other Stuff #29 — Aidan Gomez: Empathy and Conviction — Timestamps 00:00:00 Intro 00:03:10 The Malleability of Toronto 00:11:06 Growing Up in Codrington 00:13:50 The Story of Aidan Gomez’s Family 00:27:23 Introduction to the Internet 00:30:39 Values and Work Ethic 00:35:46 University of Toronto’s AI Scene 00:40:48 Emailing Geoffrey Hinton 00:42:16 Google Brain 00:45:15 Dropout: A Simple Way to Prevent Neural Networks from Overfitting 00:49:48 The Beauty of Research 00:54:24 One Model to Rule Them All 00:59:54 Meeting Ivan Zhang and Nick Frosst 01:04:00 The Birth of Cohere 01:06:56 Twitter Influencers and Alex Friedland 01:11:48 Being the CEO 01:12:51 Building for Canada 01:15:01 Three Fundamental Ingredients of Building a Company 01:21:39 Working with the Canadian Government 01:24:39 Reflexivity in Canada 01:36:22 What Is Evil? 01:42:40 The Role of AI in the World
1:46:27

Aidan Gomez (Aidan Gomez) is a computer scientist, co-author of the seminal paper ‘Attention Is All You Need,’ and the CEO of Cohere. In this episode, we discussed his upbringing in the cabin his grandfather built in Codrington, a small town North of Brighton, and the values that were instilled in him through his family. We explored his path from Codrington to his undergraduate studies at the University of Toronto, emailing Geoffrey Hinton, and joining Google Brain where he co-wrote the paper on transformers. We discussed how he met his co-founders Ivan Zhang and Nick Frosst, and his insights on what it means to build a meaningful, successful company in Canada. Aidan shares his conviction about what is at stake — for Canada and for the world at large. This is a conversation about family, values, and what it means to live with conviction. The Other Stuff is hosted by internetVin — filmmaker, entrepreneur, and possibly the most curious man on Earth. Produced by New. The Other Stuff #29 — Aidan Gomez: Empathy and Conviction — Timestamps 00:00:00 Intro 00:03:10 The Malleability of Toronto 00:11:06 Growing Up in Codrington 00:13:50 The Story of Aidan Gomez’s Family 00:27:23 Introduction to the Internet 00:30:39 Values and Work Ethic 00:35:46 University of Toronto’s AI Scene 00:40:48 Emailing Geoffrey Hinton 00:42:16 Google Brain 00:45:15 Dropout: A Simple Way to Prevent Neural Networks from Overfitting 00:49:48 The Beauty of Research 00:54:24 One Model to Rule Them All 00:59:54 Meeting Ivan Zhang and Nick Frosst 01:04:00 The Birth of Cohere 01:06:56 Twitter Influencers and Alex Friedland 01:11:48 Being the CEO 01:12:51 Building for Canada 01:15:01 Three Fundamental Ingredients of Building a Company 01:21:39 Working with the Canadian Government 01:24:39 Reflexivity in Canada 01:36:22 What Is Evil? 01:42:40 The Role of AI in the World

The Other Stuff Podcast

45,297 views • 8 months ago

We sat down with Philip Johnston, co-founder and CEO of Starcloud, at MIT to discuss why the future of data centers might be in space. After graduating Y Combinator less than 2 years ago, Starcloud just raised an impressive $170M Series A at a $1.1B valuation led by Benchmark and EQT Ventures & Growth. The conversation covers everything from solar physics and cooling systems to GPU economics, radiation hardening, launch costs, and satellite design. Philip also shares what it takes to build a unicorn deeptech startup. We discuss his experience with YC, the skepticism around their demoday launch, and the crazy last minute race to get Starcloud’s first satellite onboard their scheduled Falcon flight. Full episode is here on X and at any of the links below (see comment). Timestamps: 00:00 - Intro 01:12 - What is Starcloud? 02:44 - Why do data centers need to go to space? 06:15 - Can’t we just build more solar panels on earth? 11:10 - Economic analysis of Starcloud 19:56 - How does Starcloud’s cooling work? 28:26 - Training an LLM in space 32:07 - Addressing critics on space Twitter 34:23 - Is Starcloud overfunded? 35:59 - Will demand for data centers keep going up? 38:11 - GPU lifespan and disposal in space 39:47 - Bus structures 41:43 - Starcloud’s origin and founders 49:29 - Fundraising, Competition, and Meeting Expectations 53:29 - Satellite size and collisions 56:29 - Manufacturing Bottlenecks 1:00:20 - Starcloud 1 tests 1:01:57 - Acceleration after YC 1:03:43 - Testing on Earth 1:05:06 - Motivations for Starcloud 1:06:45 - Data centers on the Moon 1:08:12 - Interacting with AI companies 1:08:18 - What’s next for Starcloud? 1:14:01 - Other uses for Starcloud satellites 1:17:56 - Lunar hotels and space elevators 1:24:28 - Complementary business ideas to Starcloud 1:29:51 - Philip’s competitive twin 1:32:18 - Philip and Mike’s thoughts on YC 1:36:04 - Advice for young entrepreneurs Elon Musk Scott Manley Kyle Hill Hank Green
1:37:33

We sat down with Philip Johnston, co-founder and CEO of Starcloud, at MIT to discuss why the future of data centers might be in space. After graduating Y Combinator less than 2 years ago, Starcloud just raised an impressive $170M Series A at a $1.1B valuation led by Benchmark and EQT Ventures & Growth. The conversation covers everything from solar physics and cooling systems to GPU economics, radiation hardening, launch costs, and satellite design. Philip also shares what it takes to build a unicorn deeptech startup. We discuss his experience with YC, the skepticism around their demoday launch, and the crazy last minute race to get Starcloud’s first satellite onboard their scheduled Falcon flight. Full episode is here on X and at any of the links below (see comment). Timestamps: 00:00 - Intro 01:12 - What is Starcloud? 02:44 - Why do data centers need to go to space? 06:15 - Can’t we just build more solar panels on earth? 11:10 - Economic analysis of Starcloud 19:56 - How does Starcloud’s cooling work? 28:26 - Training an LLM in space 32:07 - Addressing critics on space Twitter 34:23 - Is Starcloud overfunded? 35:59 - Will demand for data centers keep going up? 38:11 - GPU lifespan and disposal in space 39:47 - Bus structures 41:43 - Starcloud’s origin and founders 49:29 - Fundraising, Competition, and Meeting Expectations 53:29 - Satellite size and collisions 56:29 - Manufacturing Bottlenecks 1:00:20 - Starcloud 1 tests 1:01:57 - Acceleration after YC 1:03:43 - Testing on Earth 1:05:06 - Motivations for Starcloud 1:06:45 - Data centers on the Moon 1:08:12 - Interacting with AI companies 1:08:18 - What’s next for Starcloud? 1:14:01 - Other uses for Starcloud satellites 1:17:56 - Lunar hotels and space elevators 1:24:28 - Complementary business ideas to Starcloud 1:29:51 - Philip’s competitive twin 1:32:18 - Philip and Mike’s thoughts on YC 1:36:04 - Advice for young entrepreneurs Elon Musk Scott Manley Kyle Hill Hank Green

632nm

46,599 views • 4 months ago

I think most public company CEOs are not telling the truth on the impact AI will have on business and jobs. Seb is 0 BS, 100% truthtelling. This man is not afraid to ruffle some feathers. Full show below with Sebastian Siemiatkowski 👇 Spotify 👉 Youtube 👉 Apple Podcasts 👉 Timestamps: 00:00 Intro 01:16 The real Threat to SaaS 05:58 What revenue multiple will software companies trade at in the future? 10:31 Why you need to build your own customer service AI to win 22:12 Klarna has two times the customer base of Revolut. They will beat Revolut 24:17 How I lost a billion dollars not investing in Nubank 25:54 Why Nubank are more likely to win the US than Revolut? 33:59 We used to be 6,000 people. Now we are just 3,000 40:14 When is a high valuation too high and can be dangerous? 41:27 How we got Sequoia to invest & Michael Moritz to join the board 53:19 Investors who don’t build will lose 01:07:56 What CEOs really think about AI 01:13:34 I have changed my mind on the adoption cycle
1:29:45

I think most public company CEOs are not telling the truth on the impact AI will have on business and jobs. Seb is 0 BS, 100% truthtelling. This man is not afraid to ruffle some feathers. Full show below with Sebastian Siemiatkowski 👇 Spotify 👉 Youtube 👉 Apple Podcasts 👉 Timestamps: 00:00 Intro 01:16 The real Threat to SaaS 05:58 What revenue multiple will software companies trade at in the future? 10:31 Why you need to build your own customer service AI to win 22:12 Klarna has two times the customer base of Revolut. They will beat Revolut 24:17 How I lost a billion dollars not investing in Nubank 25:54 Why Nubank are more likely to win the US than Revolut? 33:59 We used to be 6,000 people. Now we are just 3,000 40:14 When is a high valuation too high and can be dangerous? 41:27 How we got Sequoia to invest & Michael Moritz to join the board 53:19 Investors who don’t build will lose 01:07:56 What CEOs really think about AI 01:13:34 I have changed my mind on the adoption cycle

Harry Stebbings

270,091 views • 6 months ago

Is time an illusion? I sat down with physicist Julian Barbour to explore his radical theory: time is just how we interpret changing shapes. He explains why the universe might actually be increasing in order, challenging the second law of thermodynamics. Link in comments below. Timestamps: 00:00 - Introduction 02:12 - Working Outside of Academia 03:53 - Space, Time, Dimension 10:40 - Mach’s Principle 21:33 - Mach Confused Einstein 24:22 - Two Particle Universe 31:46 - Carlo Rovelli 35:02 - Julian’s Ontology 43:37 - Julian’s Theory ‘Shape Statistics’ 51:11 - Leinbiz’s Philosophical Writings 56:14 - Expansion of the Universe (Scale Invariance) 01:05:02 - Cosmological Principle 01:15:34 - Thermodynamics 01:17:15 - Entropy and Complexity 01:30:40 - Wave Function / Double Slit Experiment 01:39:21 - God 01:44:48 - The Role of Instruments 01:47:44 - Etymology of Pattern and Matter 01:51:25 - Join My Substack!
2:12

Is time an illusion? I sat down with physicist Julian Barbour to explore his radical theory: time is just how we interpret changing shapes. He explains why the universe might actually be increasing in order, challenging the second law of thermodynamics. Link in comments below. Timestamps: 00:00 - Introduction 02:12 - Working Outside of Academia 03:53 - Space, Time, Dimension 10:40 - Mach’s Principle 21:33 - Mach Confused Einstein 24:22 - Two Particle Universe 31:46 - Carlo Rovelli 35:02 - Julian’s Ontology 43:37 - Julian’s Theory ‘Shape Statistics’ 51:11 - Leinbiz’s Philosophical Writings 56:14 - Expansion of the Universe (Scale Invariance) 01:05:02 - Cosmological Principle 01:15:34 - Thermodynamics 01:17:15 - Entropy and Complexity 01:30:40 - Wave Function / Double Slit Experiment 01:39:21 - God 01:44:48 - The Role of Instruments 01:47:44 - Etymology of Pattern and Matter 01:51:25 - Join My Substack!

Curt Jaimungal

16,403 views • 1 year ago

The firms leading in market making figured out early that infrastructure compounds. Austin Federa | 🇺🇸 sits down with Rahul Jain, Rahul Jain (Ellipsis Labs), to trace how crypto market making evolved: why being early matters, how MEV and transaction landing reshaped execution, and what it will take for onchain finance to scale beyond crypto-native users. Understanding the infrastructure layer is a prerequisite for competing with traditional trading environments. Timestamps and links below ↓ 00:00 - Introduction 03:53 - What Makes Solana Trading Different 07:17 - Trust and Retail Outcomes 12:04 - Infra Arms Race 2025 14:27 - Prop AMMs vs Order Books 17:05 - Spot Market Equilibrium 18:12 - MCP and Perps Security 21:22 - Why MCP Matters 24:25 - ACE For Safer Perps 25:47 - RWAs And Oracle Risk 29:28 - Why Retail Loves Perps 34:23 - Hypothetical VIX perps 35:29 - The Different MCP Camps 37:07 - Latency And Block Full 40:41 - Conclusion
42:09

The firms leading in market making figured out early that infrastructure compounds. Austin Federa | 🇺🇸 sits down with Rahul Jain, Rahul Jain (Ellipsis Labs), to trace how crypto market making evolved: why being early matters, how MEV and transaction landing reshaped execution, and what it will take for onchain finance to scale beyond crypto-native users. Understanding the infrastructure layer is a prerequisite for competing with traditional trading environments. Timestamps and links below ↓ 00:00 - Introduction 03:53 - What Makes Solana Trading Different 07:17 - Trust and Retail Outcomes 12:04 - Infra Arms Race 2025 14:27 - Prop AMMs vs Order Books 17:05 - Spot Market Equilibrium 18:12 - MCP and Perps Security 21:22 - Why MCP Matters 24:25 - ACE For Safer Perps 25:47 - RWAs And Oracle Risk 29:28 - Why Retail Loves Perps 34:23 - Hypothetical VIX perps 35:29 - The Different MCP Camps 37:07 - Latency And Block Full 40:41 - Conclusion

Validated

27,660 views • 4 months ago

Today’s guest on the Free Radicals podcast is José Luis Ricón Fernández de la Puente, head of theory Retro Biosciences and blogger Jose is a prolific blogger, covering a wide breadth of topics across economics, philosophy, progress studies, science funding, much more, and of course longevity. His works have been published by a16z, Works in Progress and Adam Smith Institute. Our conversation is wide ranging, spanning a deep dive on Retro’s work to replace and engineer microglia to rejuvenate the brain and how our cells have the ability to turn back the aging clock but choose not to. We also covered the technological stagnation and why biological engineering is the new frontier of progress, as well as philosophical topics like transhumanism and how a future of total biological control might impact our values and way of life. Be sure to follow me and Eric Dai to stay up to date on the latest news in longevity biotech! And Special thank you to NFX & omri_drory for lending us their beautiful podcasting studio! 0:00 Intro 2:49 What is aging & why cells have a tough choice to make 9:02 When cells choose to reverse aging themselves 12:43 Cellular vs Organismal Aging & the magic wand experiment 18:31 What is reprogramming 22:40 How reprogramming plays a role in DNA damage repair 25:42 Do we already know how to cure aging? FOXO3! 28:37 How to cut through the complexity of interconnected biology 32:32 Why transcription factors are so great for intervening 36:49 Does a rejuvenation program exist already in the genome 38:51 Michael Levin: from thinking in terms of genes to morphogenesis 48:14 Tech stagnation and why physics is cooked 55:03 Why doesn't the world look more futuristic 57:26 Transhumanism & asking ourselves what we want out of life 1:05:34 Do we need war for technological progress 1:09:31 Government role in science funding 1:15:06 How Jose became the Head of Theory at Retro 1:24:53 How AI might put software engineers out of a job, and push them towards biotech 1:27:28 What it takes to get a flywheel in biotech 1:29:04 Rejuvenation vs Prevention 1:34:23 Aging is the coolest hardest problem to work on 1:36:09 What does it take to cure aging 1:42:25 Delivery mechanisms for genetic therapies 1:48:53 Retro's work to replace microglia and engineer them outside the body 1:59:10 Consciousness 2:00:39 Jose's Origin Story
2:05:48

Today’s guest on the Free Radicals podcast is José Luis Ricón Fernández de la Puente, head of theory Retro Biosciences and blogger Jose is a prolific blogger, covering a wide breadth of topics across economics, philosophy, progress studies, science funding, much more, and of course longevity. His works have been published by a16z, Works in Progress and Adam Smith Institute. Our conversation is wide ranging, spanning a deep dive on Retro’s work to replace and engineer microglia to rejuvenate the brain and how our cells have the ability to turn back the aging clock but choose not to. We also covered the technological stagnation and why biological engineering is the new frontier of progress, as well as philosophical topics like transhumanism and how a future of total biological control might impact our values and way of life. Be sure to follow me and Eric Dai to stay up to date on the latest news in longevity biotech! And Special thank you to NFX & omri_drory for lending us their beautiful podcasting studio! 0:00 Intro 2:49 What is aging & why cells have a tough choice to make 9:02 When cells choose to reverse aging themselves 12:43 Cellular vs Organismal Aging & the magic wand experiment 18:31 What is reprogramming 22:40 How reprogramming plays a role in DNA damage repair 25:42 Do we already know how to cure aging? FOXO3! 28:37 How to cut through the complexity of interconnected biology 32:32 Why transcription factors are so great for intervening 36:49 Does a rejuvenation program exist already in the genome 38:51 Michael Levin: from thinking in terms of genes to morphogenesis 48:14 Tech stagnation and why physics is cooked 55:03 Why doesn't the world look more futuristic 57:26 Transhumanism & asking ourselves what we want out of life 1:05:34 Do we need war for technological progress 1:09:31 Government role in science funding 1:15:06 How Jose became the Head of Theory at Retro 1:24:53 How AI might put software engineers out of a job, and push them towards biotech 1:27:28 What it takes to get a flywheel in biotech 1:29:04 Rejuvenation vs Prevention 1:34:23 Aging is the coolest hardest problem to work on 1:36:09 What does it take to cure aging 1:42:25 Delivery mechanisms for genetic therapies 1:48:53 Retro's work to replace microglia and engineer them outside the body 1:59:10 Consciousness 2:00:39 Jose's Origin Story

Daniel Shur

13,644 views • 5 months ago

My conversation with OpenAI co-founder Greg Brockman This is the most detailed first-person account of the 72 hours after Sam Altman was fired. We also go deep on what comes next: the global race to AGI, why ChatGPT stopped showing reasoning, how much of OpenAI's own code is now written by AI ("it's hard to know what percent is not"), and the untold story of how OpenAI actually started in 2015. 00:00:00 Introduction 00:00:49 Meeting Sam Altman and Starting OpenAI 00:02:40 Building the Founding Team 00:04:25 DeepMind's Lead Over OpenAI 00:04:54 Changing OpenAI to a For-Profit Model 00:06:05 Breakthrough Moments at OpenAI 00:08:22 What Dota 2 Meant for OpenAI 00:10:04 Reasoning Versus Prediction 00:11:59 Tensions Grow at OpenAI 00:15:44 Sam Altman's Firing 00:17:49 Greg Quits OpenAI 00:19:56 Sam Explores Deal with Microsoft's Satya 00:20:28 Petition for Altman's Return 00:23:43 Ilya Sutskever Leaves OpenAI 00:24:59 Lessons Learned after Sam Ousting 00:28:22 The Thing Ilya Said that Greg Can't Forget 00:32:22 Is AI Going Parabolic? 00:33:24 How Much of OpenAI's Code is Written by AI? 00:36:21 Do AI Chatbots Tell Us What We Want to Hear? 00:38:06 The Global AI Race to Reach AGI 00:38:40 What Happens if US Doesn't Reach AGI First? 00:39:49 Are Countries Stealing AI Advancements? 00:40:38 Why ChatGPT No Longer Shows Reasoning 00:41:47 The Finite Constraints of Compute 00:43:38 On Investing Early in Data Centers 00:46:31 The Future of Data Center Specialization 00:47:52 How to Decide Whose Queries to Serve 00:49:08 OpenAI on Consumer vs Enterprise Models 00:53:05 Data Centers in Space? 01:00:56 What Should AI Regulation Look Like? 01:04:33 The Future of AI-Powered Entrepreneurship 01:04:44 AI and Job Loss 01:07:15 The Skills Young People Should Invest In 01:11:30 What Does Success Look Like For You? Full episode on X below. Also find it on: • YouTube: • Spotify: • Apple:
1:11:41

My conversation with OpenAI co-founder Greg Brockman This is the most detailed first-person account of the 72 hours after Sam Altman was fired. We also go deep on what comes next: the global race to AGI, why ChatGPT stopped showing reasoning, how much of OpenAI's own code is now written by AI ("it's hard to know what percent is not"), and the untold story of how OpenAI actually started in 2015. 00:00:00 Introduction 00:00:49 Meeting Sam Altman and Starting OpenAI 00:02:40 Building the Founding Team 00:04:25 DeepMind's Lead Over OpenAI 00:04:54 Changing OpenAI to a For-Profit Model 00:06:05 Breakthrough Moments at OpenAI 00:08:22 What Dota 2 Meant for OpenAI 00:10:04 Reasoning Versus Prediction 00:11:59 Tensions Grow at OpenAI 00:15:44 Sam Altman's Firing 00:17:49 Greg Quits OpenAI 00:19:56 Sam Explores Deal with Microsoft's Satya 00:20:28 Petition for Altman's Return 00:23:43 Ilya Sutskever Leaves OpenAI 00:24:59 Lessons Learned after Sam Ousting 00:28:22 The Thing Ilya Said that Greg Can't Forget 00:32:22 Is AI Going Parabolic? 00:33:24 How Much of OpenAI's Code is Written by AI? 00:36:21 Do AI Chatbots Tell Us What We Want to Hear? 00:38:06 The Global AI Race to Reach AGI 00:38:40 What Happens if US Doesn't Reach AGI First? 00:39:49 Are Countries Stealing AI Advancements? 00:40:38 Why ChatGPT No Longer Shows Reasoning 00:41:47 The Finite Constraints of Compute 00:43:38 On Investing Early in Data Centers 00:46:31 The Future of Data Center Specialization 00:47:52 How to Decide Whose Queries to Serve 00:49:08 OpenAI on Consumer vs Enterprise Models 00:53:05 Data Centers in Space? 01:00:56 What Should AI Regulation Look Like? 01:04:33 The Future of AI-Powered Entrepreneurship 01:04:44 AI and Job Loss 01:07:15 The Skills Young People Should Invest In 01:11:30 What Does Success Look Like For You? Full episode on X below. Also find it on: • YouTube: • Spotify: • Apple:

Shane Parrish

450,952 views • 4 months ago

Michael Truell (Michael Truell), co-founder and CEO of Anysphere, the company behind Cursor, joined Garry Tan to talk about building one of the fastest-growing startups of all time—and why he's betting everything on a world beyond code. He walks through the early insights that led him and his co-founders to leave a promising AI-powered CAD project and instead chase a bigger dream: reinventing how software is written. From the hard years of false starts and rewrites to Cursor's breakthrough moment, Michael explains what it really takes to build a tool that could eventually replace programming as we know it. He also reflects on their first 10 hires, why taste still matters, and how the decade ahead will unlock a new kind of creativity for builders everywhere. 01:00 - A new way to build software 04:50 - Two ways to view LLMs 05:50 - Bottlenecks to superhuman agents 08:30 - New approaches to coding UI 09:40 - Why taste still matters 12:15 - Niche software opportunities 13:30 - Cursor origin story 16:00 - The first problem they tried solving 17:20 - Why they abandoned the CAD idea 21:00 - Pivoting to Cursor 23:00 - Following the scaling laws 27:00 - Getting to PMF 30:00 - “Dogfooding” 31:00 - First 10 hires 32:50 - How to evaluate great engineers 33:45 - Maintaining the hacker mindset 35:00 - What are the moats for AI coding tools? 37:00 - Looking ahead
37:28

Michael Truell (Michael Truell), co-founder and CEO of Anysphere, the company behind Cursor, joined Garry Tan to talk about building one of the fastest-growing startups of all time—and why he's betting everything on a world beyond code. He walks through the early insights that led him and his co-founders to leave a promising AI-powered CAD project and instead chase a bigger dream: reinventing how software is written. From the hard years of false starts and rewrites to Cursor's breakthrough moment, Michael explains what it really takes to build a tool that could eventually replace programming as we know it. He also reflects on their first 10 hires, why taste still matters, and how the decade ahead will unlock a new kind of creativity for builders everywhere. 01:00 - A new way to build software 04:50 - Two ways to view LLMs 05:50 - Bottlenecks to superhuman agents 08:30 - New approaches to coding UI 09:40 - Why taste still matters 12:15 - Niche software opportunities 13:30 - Cursor origin story 16:00 - The first problem they tried solving 17:20 - Why they abandoned the CAD idea 21:00 - Pivoting to Cursor 23:00 - Following the scaling laws 27:00 - Getting to PMF 30:00 - “Dogfooding” 31:00 - First 10 hires 32:50 - How to evaluate great engineers 33:45 - Maintaining the hacker mindset 35:00 - What are the moats for AI coding tools? 37:00 - Looking ahead

Y Combinator

337,015 views • 1 year ago

Episode 64 with Claynosaurz This is our dot com era. This is the future and we believe that. We have this current model that works We spoke about the past, present and future of Claynosaurz, IP tokenization, DATs It was great to have a casual sit down with the team and talk shop Timestamps: 0:01:58 Intro 0:04:38 Clayno quarterly workshop 0:05:56 Cab 🌋 new role at Claynosaurz 0:10:23 Navy seals 0:16:01 Tokenize everything 0:20:07 "Disney will buy us or we will buy them" Andrew 0:23:11 The thing we are really thinking about 0:29:20 Future of digital asset treasuries 0:34:30 GameSquare Holdings Inc. acquiring high value punks 0:37:50 Alpha 0:40:47 How is it to have DAVID HORVATH on the team 0:44:00 Assessing the Asian markets 0:48:00 Retaining top talent and the core team 0:48:50 William Liu joins the set + new position 0:56:29 Clayno's first event experience ever 1:00:10 How Plaposaur | CC 🌋 and the team went full time Clayno 1:07:34 Team member growth 1:17:02 Disney 1:20:00 Future of IP 1:30:30 "No way im saying this on air"
1:39:47

Episode 64 with Claynosaurz This is our dot com era. This is the future and we believe that. We have this current model that works We spoke about the past, present and future of Claynosaurz, IP tokenization, DATs It was great to have a casual sit down with the team and talk shop Timestamps: 0:01:58 Intro 0:04:38 Clayno quarterly workshop 0:05:56 Cab 🌋 new role at Claynosaurz 0:10:23 Navy seals 0:16:01 Tokenize everything 0:20:07 "Disney will buy us or we will buy them" Andrew 0:23:11 The thing we are really thinking about 0:29:20 Future of digital asset treasuries 0:34:30 GameSquare Holdings Inc. acquiring high value punks 0:37:50 Alpha 0:40:47 How is it to have DAVID HORVATH on the team 0:44:00 Assessing the Asian markets 0:48:00 Retaining top talent and the core team 0:48:50 William Liu joins the set + new position 0:56:29 Clayno's first event experience ever 1:00:10 How Plaposaur | CC 🌋 and the team went full time Clayno 1:07:34 Team member growth 1:17:02 Disney 1:20:00 Future of IP 1:30:30 "No way im saying this on air"

Andrew Forte

26,952 views • 10 months ago

"You just can't build a slow, expensive blockchain anymore." Solana founder toly 🇺🇸 built a $47 billion network from an idea he couldn't sleep on. Two coffees and a beer at Cafe du Soleil in 2017, and he was up until 4 a.m., figuring out how to use proof of work to measure time. His parents escaped the USSR in the 90s with $50 to their name and landed in Chicago in their 40s. His mom was a pianist. His dad was a civil engineer who took blue-collar roofing jobs while getting his electrician certificates. His son did the circuit analysis homework for him. That 4 a.m. idea became proof of history, the core mechanism behind Solana. In this episode: 00:00:00 Trailer 00:01:06 Intro 00:01:17 Growing up in the Soviet Union 00:04:02 Immigrating to the United States 00:07:34 Career dreams and studying computer science 00:09:47 First startup and early lessons 00:11:19 13 years at Qualcomm 00:22:32 Meeting Raj and founding Solana 00:26:44 Fundraising and early investors 00:28:41 Surviving the FTX collapse 00:40:19 Solana's mission and impact 00:43:54 Using AI to run side projects 00:49:39 Hardest decisions as a leader 00:52:51 Outlook on crypto and Solana's future 00:59:22 Twitter, being public, and politics 01:05:52 Beliefs on human nature and life philosophy 01:09:34 Outro Full episode:
1:08:27

"You just can't build a slow, expensive blockchain anymore." Solana founder toly 🇺🇸 built a $47 billion network from an idea he couldn't sleep on. Two coffees and a beer at Cafe du Soleil in 2017, and he was up until 4 a.m., figuring out how to use proof of work to measure time. His parents escaped the USSR in the 90s with $50 to their name and landed in Chicago in their 40s. His mom was a pianist. His dad was a civil engineer who took blue-collar roofing jobs while getting his electrician certificates. His son did the circuit analysis homework for him. That 4 a.m. idea became proof of history, the core mechanism behind Solana. In this episode: 00:00:00 Trailer 00:01:06 Intro 00:01:17 Growing up in the Soviet Union 00:04:02 Immigrating to the United States 00:07:34 Career dreams and studying computer science 00:09:47 First startup and early lessons 00:11:19 13 years at Qualcomm 00:22:32 Meeting Raj and founding Solana 00:26:44 Fundraising and early investors 00:28:41 Surviving the FTX collapse 00:40:19 Solana's mission and impact 00:43:54 Using AI to run side projects 00:49:39 Hardest decisions as a leader 00:52:51 Outlook on crypto and Solana's future 00:59:22 Twitter, being public, and politics 01:05:52 Beliefs on human nature and life philosophy 01:09:34 Outro Full episode:

luba yudasina

261,783 views • 1 month ago

.Poetiq is a new startup that recently achieved a major jump on the ARC-AGI benchmark by layering a recursive self-improvement system on top of existing models. In this episode of the Lightcone Podcast, Poetiq's Founder & CEO Ian Fischer joined us to discuss how small teams can build “reasoning harnesses” that outperform base models, what that means for startups and why automating prompt engineering may be one of the most powerful levers in AI today. 00:00 – Intro 00:40 – What Is Poetiq? 01:07 – Recursive Self-Improvement Explained 02:07 – The Fine-Tuning Trap 02:59 – “Stilts” for LLMs 03:14 – Recursive Self-Improvement vs. Fine-Tuning 05:05 – Taking the Top Spot on ARC-AGI 06:37 – Beating Claude on Humanity’s Last Exam 08:40 – How the Meta-System Works 10:26 – Beyond RL: A New S-Curve 11:32 – Automating Prompt Engineering 13:37 – From 5% to 95% Performance 14:50 – Early Access & Putting Your Agent on Stilts 16:17 – From YC Founder to DeepMind Researcher 18:29 – Advice for Engineers in the AI Era
19:45

.Poetiq is a new startup that recently achieved a major jump on the ARC-AGI benchmark by layering a recursive self-improvement system on top of existing models. In this episode of the Lightcone Podcast, Poetiq's Founder & CEO Ian Fischer joined us to discuss how small teams can build “reasoning harnesses” that outperform base models, what that means for startups and why automating prompt engineering may be one of the most powerful levers in AI today. 00:00 – Intro 00:40 – What Is Poetiq? 01:07 – Recursive Self-Improvement Explained 02:07 – The Fine-Tuning Trap 02:59 – “Stilts” for LLMs 03:14 – Recursive Self-Improvement vs. Fine-Tuning 05:05 – Taking the Top Spot on ARC-AGI 06:37 – Beating Claude on Humanity’s Last Exam 08:40 – How the Meta-System Works 10:26 – Beyond RL: A New S-Curve 11:32 – Automating Prompt Engineering 13:37 – From 5% to 95% Performance 14:50 – Early Access & Putting Your Agent on Stilts 16:17 – From YC Founder to DeepMind Researcher 18:29 – Advice for Engineers in the AI Era

Y Combinator

156,314 views • 6 months ago

NEW EPISODE: Dr Thomas Seyfried, Pierre Kory MD Unite for Metabolic Oncology - The Manhattan Project for Cancer I'm joined by Thomas N. Seyfried and Pierre Kory, MD MPA for an exciting discussion on why cancer isn't a genetic disease, the untold damage from standardized treatment, a new paradigm in oncology, treatment with repurposed drugs, what needs to happen at the regulatory scene, and more. Timestamps 0:00 Preview 0:56 Introduction 4:54 Cancer isn't a genetic disease 7:52 Why cancer rates have dropped 9:56 Resistance to paradigm shifts 16:50 Toxic standard treatments 20:37 How the shift is occurring 23:55 The diet factor 29:11 Trial design and prioritization 31:12 Everything comes down to energy 34:50 Repurposed drugs 38:48 Glucose ketone index 47:47 Adverse effects? 48:40 How fast your tumor can grow 49:07 Cancer stem cells 1:00:00 Patient testimonies 1:01:20 Why antibiotics take out cancer cells? 1:04:19 Cancer should looked at as a systemic disorder 1:04:49 Final thoughts
1:10:19

NEW EPISODE: Dr Thomas Seyfried, Pierre Kory MD Unite for Metabolic Oncology - The Manhattan Project for Cancer I'm joined by Thomas N. Seyfried and Pierre Kory, MD MPA for an exciting discussion on why cancer isn't a genetic disease, the untold damage from standardized treatment, a new paradigm in oncology, treatment with repurposed drugs, what needs to happen at the regulatory scene, and more. Timestamps 0:00 Preview 0:56 Introduction 4:54 Cancer isn't a genetic disease 7:52 Why cancer rates have dropped 9:56 Resistance to paradigm shifts 16:50 Toxic standard treatments 20:37 How the shift is occurring 23:55 The diet factor 29:11 Trial design and prioritization 31:12 Everything comes down to energy 34:50 Repurposed drugs 38:48 Glucose ketone index 47:47 Adverse effects? 48:40 How fast your tumor can grow 49:07 Cancer stem cells 1:00:00 Patient testimonies 1:01:20 Why antibiotics take out cancer cells? 1:04:19 Cancer should looked at as a systemic disorder 1:04:49 Final thoughts

David Gornoski

91,192 views • 1 year ago

Allie Beth Stuckey has never been afraid to speak truth in a world that often rewards silence. In this conversation, we talked about faith, conviction, and what it means to stand firm when culture pushes you to conform. Allie opened up about her journey into broadcasting, how motherhood reshaped her worldview, and why she believes women today are desperate for truth, not validation. We also talked about the cost of conviction, how to disagree without dehumanizing, and why faith must come before fear, especially in media and leadership. We discussed the state of Christianity in America, the pressure many young people face to compromise, and how social media has changed the way we share and live out our beliefs. Allie’s perspective is strong but full of grace, rooted in both intellect and compassion. This conversation was about more than faith or influence. It was about courage, clarity, and holding fast to what is true even when it is unpopular. Chapters: 0:00:00 - Intro 00:03:02: Allie Beth’s Personal Life 00:15:25: Allie Beth’s Thoughts on Marriage 00:21:20: Advice to Young Women on Finding the Right Partner 00:27:10: Lessons from Allie Beth’s Life 00:32:44: Dealing with Shame 00:41:32: Are Eating Disorders Considered Sinful? 00:46:16: Differences Between Southern Baptist, Reformed Christian, and Catholicism 00:52:19: Faith 01:12:45: Allie Beth’s Best Quotes 01:13:08: “It’s Easy to Be a Progressive” 01:14:16: “The Last Thing a Woman Wants Is to Be Excluded” 01:15:34: “I Am for the Death Penalty for the Same Reason I Am Against Abortion. I Value Innocent Life.” 01:19:19: “Your Daughters Should Not Be Listening to Taylor Swift. She Is Not a Role Model.” 01:26:24: How Allie Beth Manages Friendships That Disagree with the Bible 01:30:22: How Allie Beth Balances Sharing God’s Word Without Sounding Judgmental 01:32:56: Dealing with the Loss of Charlie Kirk BTS on Patreon:
1:46:38

Allie Beth Stuckey has never been afraid to speak truth in a world that often rewards silence. In this conversation, we talked about faith, conviction, and what it means to stand firm when culture pushes you to conform. Allie opened up about her journey into broadcasting, how motherhood reshaped her worldview, and why she believes women today are desperate for truth, not validation. We also talked about the cost of conviction, how to disagree without dehumanizing, and why faith must come before fear, especially in media and leadership. We discussed the state of Christianity in America, the pressure many young people face to compromise, and how social media has changed the way we share and live out our beliefs. Allie’s perspective is strong but full of grace, rooted in both intellect and compassion. This conversation was about more than faith or influence. It was about courage, clarity, and holding fast to what is true even when it is unpopular. Chapters: 0:00:00 - Intro 00:03:02: Allie Beth’s Personal Life 00:15:25: Allie Beth’s Thoughts on Marriage 00:21:20: Advice to Young Women on Finding the Right Partner 00:27:10: Lessons from Allie Beth’s Life 00:32:44: Dealing with Shame 00:41:32: Are Eating Disorders Considered Sinful? 00:46:16: Differences Between Southern Baptist, Reformed Christian, and Catholicism 00:52:19: Faith 01:12:45: Allie Beth’s Best Quotes 01:13:08: “It’s Easy to Be a Progressive” 01:14:16: “The Last Thing a Woman Wants Is to Be Excluded” 01:15:34: “I Am for the Death Penalty for the Same Reason I Am Against Abortion. I Value Innocent Life.” 01:19:19: “Your Daughters Should Not Be Listening to Taylor Swift. She Is Not a Role Model.” 01:26:24: How Allie Beth Manages Friendships That Disagree with the Bible 01:30:22: How Allie Beth Balances Sharing God’s Word Without Sounding Judgmental 01:32:56: Dealing with the Loss of Charlie Kirk BTS on Patreon:

Sage Steele

46,033 views • 10 months ago

Here's my conversation with Aravind Srinivas (Aravind Srinivas), CEO of Perplexity. We talk about the history & future of AI, web search, and the Internet. Plus, lots of great advice on how to start and run a company. I met Aravind many years ago at Berkeley, and it was a bit surreal to sit down now and talk about the amazing progress in AI that happened since then. This was a fun and fascinating conversation. It's here on X in full, and is up on YouTube, Spotify, and everywhere else. Links in comment. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 1:53 - How Perplexity works 9:50 - How Google works 32:17 - Larry Page and Sergey Brin 46:52 - Jeff Bezos 50:20 - Elon Musk 52:38 - Jensen Huang 55:55 - Mark Zuckerberg 57:23 - Yann LeCun 1:04:09 - Breakthroughs in AI 1:20:07 - Curiosity 1:26:24 - $1 trillion dollar question 1:41:14 - Perplexity origin story 1:56:27 - RAG 2:18:45 - 1 million H100 GPUs 2:21:17 - Advice for startups 2:33:54 - Future of search
3:02:06

Here's my conversation with Aravind Srinivas (Aravind Srinivas), CEO of Perplexity. We talk about the history & future of AI, web search, and the Internet. Plus, lots of great advice on how to start and run a company. I met Aravind many years ago at Berkeley, and it was a bit surreal to sit down now and talk about the amazing progress in AI that happened since then. This was a fun and fascinating conversation. It's here on X in full, and is up on YouTube, Spotify, and everywhere else. Links in comment. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 1:53 - How Perplexity works 9:50 - How Google works 32:17 - Larry Page and Sergey Brin 46:52 - Jeff Bezos 50:20 - Elon Musk 52:38 - Jensen Huang 55:55 - Mark Zuckerberg 57:23 - Yann LeCun 1:04:09 - Breakthroughs in AI 1:20:07 - Curiosity 1:26:24 - $1 trillion dollar question 1:41:14 - Perplexity origin story 1:56:27 - RAG 2:18:45 - 1 million H100 GPUs 2:21:17 - Advice for startups 2:33:54 - Future of search

Lex Fridman

703,701 views • 2 years ago