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We’re thrilled to open-source TriAttention! 🚀 🦞 Deploy OpenClaw (32B LLM) on a single 24GB RTX 4090 locally 💻Full code open-source & vLLM-ready for one-click deployment ⚡️ 2.5× faster inference speed & 10.7× less KV cache memory usage TriAttention is a novel KV cache compression method built on rigorous...

199,051 görüntüleme • 5 ay önce •via X (Twitter)

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A tricky LLM interview question: You're serving a reasoning model on vLLM, and it keeps running out of GPU memory on long traces. So you add KV cache compression and evict 90% of the cached tokens. VRAM usage stays as is and GPU still runs out of memory. Why? (answer below) Evicting 90% of the KV cache can free almost none of the memory it was using. This sounds counterintuitive, but it follows directly from how production servers store the cache today. The KV cache grows with every token a model generates. Each token appends its key and value vectors across every layer, and nothing is freed while generation continues. This is the dominant memory cost for reasoning models. If a 32K-token CoT caches ~32K tokens of KV vectors, a Qwen3-32B with 4-bit weights will run out-of-memory around 24K tokens on a 24GB GPU. One obvious solution is to keep the important tokens and drop the rest, since attention is sparse enough to allow it. But this does not solve the memory problem yet. The reason is paged attention, which is the memory manager behind vLLM and most production servers. Under the hood, it splits GPU memory into fixed physical blocks, each one holds the KV for about 16 tokens. This block returns to the allocator only when every slot inside it is empty. Since the eviction logic selects tokens by importance, and such tokens are scattered across blocks... ...so despite eviction, almost every block is left with at least some survivor tokens. For instance, if the logic evicts 14k of 16k tokens across 1,000 blocks, most likely every block will still have a token. This means the allocator frees almost nothing. Placing the new tokens into those freed slots is not ideal because it breaks the cache's layout. Say token 16,001 arrives, and it's placed in the slot the 40th token used to hold. The cache now reads position 38, then 16,001, then 41, so the cache is no longer in token order. Attention can still compute the right answer from that, but only if every slot now carries a separate note recording which position it actually holds. This introduces another bookkeeping cost that an in-order layout inherently avoids. So the cache is logically 90% smaller and still physically the same size. Many compression results miss this because they measure on pre-allocated contiguous tensors rather than a paged server. There's another problem. Eviction methods pick which tokens to keep by looking at the attention scores themselves (as expected). But fast attention kernels used in production, like FlashAttention, never save those scores. They compute attention in small pieces and throw the full score grid away as they go, which is also why they're fast. So the exact signal eviction methods need isn't available in memory. The workaround is to fall back to eager attention and build the full matrix, which gives up the speed FlashAttention was there to provide. NVIDIA published a method called TriAttention to solve both these problems. It never needs attention scores. Instead, it scores tokens from the geometry of the model's key and query vectors before RoPE is applied, where those vectors sit in stable clusters. For the memory problem, it runs a compaction pass every 128 decoded tokens. The surviving tokens slide forward to close the holes eviction creates, so whole blocks empty out and return to the allocator while the cache stays in token order. On long reasoning traces, the approach matches full-attention accuracy while decoding 2.5x faster and using 10.7x less KV memory. KV cache compression is a big infrastructure problem. The number that decides whether it works is the count of freed blocks, not the count of evicted tokens. You can find the NVIDIA write-up here: I wrote a first-principles breakdown of how the KV cache works. It walks through why the model stores keys and values at all, why the cache grows with every token, and a comparison of LLM generation speed with and without KV caching. Read it below.

Avi Chawla

273,409 görüntüleme • 2 ay önce

Researchers made LLM inference 14x faster and 90% cheaper. The video below depicts the speed up in action. Providers discount cached input tokens by as much as 90% because a cache hit skips prefill compute entirely. For stable system prompts and tool definitions, hit rates of 60 to 85% are achievable, which makes it the highest-leverage inference optimization. But the cost saving only works when the cached text is an exact, byte-for-byte prefix of the new request. If you change one character anywhere before it, the entire cached region is missed. Three common request patterns produce full cache misses: - A query that needs documents A and B together can't reuse B's standalone cache, because those KV entries were computed without A in front of them. - The same three documents retrieved in a different order produce a full cache miss, even though nothing about the documents changed. - In multi-turn conversations, every new turn invalidates whatever was cached beyond the stable prefix. Alibaba's production data did a study on this and found that just 10% of cached KV blocks serve 77% of all cache hits. So most of what gets cached sits in storage and is never used a single time. And the root cause is that KV entries are position-dependent. Each token's KV encodes attention to everything before it, so a cached block is only valid in the exact context it was computed in. There's a second, less discussed problem as well. Cache management runs inside the inference engine's process. Moving KV tensors between GPU, CPU, and disk competes with inference for the same resources. This is why Google's TurboQuant compresses KV caches to 3 bits with no accuracy loss and still causes a 20%+ slowdown when it runs in-process. Fixing both problems means restructuring where caching lives. Cache management moves into its own process, the engine only exchanges block IDs over shared GPU memory, and heavy data movement runs across GPU, CPU, disk, and remote storage in parallel. Non-prefix reuse gets handled by selectively recomputing only the small set of tokens that attend across document boundaries. LMCache is the open-source project (10k+ stars) that implements this exact architecture, and it plugs into vLLM, SGLang, and TensorRT-LLM. The selective recomputation part is implemented in its CacheBlend technique, which makes cached docs in any order and combination, with 2-4x faster multi-document processing. On H200s running Qwen3-235B with 50 concurrent users, LMCache's multiprocess mode delivers 14x faster time-to-first-token and 4x faster decoding compared to in-process caching. GitHub repo: (don't forget to star 🌟) My co-founder wrote a full breakdown of KV cache management. It covers the disaggregated architecture behind the 14x speed up, how CacheBlend preserves generation quality while skipping recomputation, and how to turn every document in a knowledge base into a reusable cached asset. Read it below.

Avi Chawla

30,717 görüntüleme • 2 ay önce

i spent 3 hours finding the sweet spot for hermes 4.3 36B on a single RTX 3090. saving you the trouble, anon. the model is 21.8GB at Q4_K_M. that leaves 2.2GB free on 24GB VRAM. not much room for KV cache. here's what actually happened: 4K: 35.3 tok/s 8K: 35.2 tok/s 16K: 34.8 tok/s 32K: 34.6 tok/s 64K: 6.4 tok/s 128K: 1.9 tok/s flat from 4K to 32K. then it falls off a cliff at 64K. the trick is quantized KV cache. without it you OOM at 16K. with quantized KV cache you get 32K at full speed. all 64 layers on GPU. at 64K something weird happens. ngl 99 (all layers on GPU) = 3.96 tok/s. the KV cache silently spills to CPU. drop to ngl 55 and speed jumps to 6.37. drop to ngl 48 and it gets worse again (3.46). there's an offload sweet spot where you free just enough VRAM for the cache without losing too much compute to PCIe transfers. 128K works at ngl 32 but you're at 1.95 tok/s. half the model on CPU. usable for batch work, not for interactive. the sweet spot command: llama-server -m hermes-4.3-36b-Q4_K_M.gguf -ngl 99 -c 32768 --cache-type-k q4_0 --cache-type-v q4_0 32K context. 34.6 tok/s. all on GPU. this is where dense 36B lives on 24GB. for comparison, qwen 3.5 (35B MoE, 3B active) holds 112 tok/s from 4K all the way to 262K on the same GPU. no speed drop. same total params, completely different architecture. hybrid linear attention means flat context scaling. dense pays for every token in the KV cache. code and quality comparison coming next. fast vs slow generation side by side in the videos below.

Sudo su

52,268 görüntüleme • 6 ay önce

The Cost of Intelligence is Heading to Zero | Hyperspace P2P Distributed Cache We present to you our breakthrough cross-domain work across AI, distributed systems, cryptography, game theory to solve the primary structural inefficiency at the heart of AI infrastructure: most inference is redundant. Google has reported that only 15% of daily searches are truly novel. The rest are repeats or close variants. LLM inference inherits this same power-law distribution. Enterprise chatbots see 70-80% of queries fall into a handful of intent categories. System prompts are identical across 100% of requests within an application. The KV attention state for "You are a helpful assistant" has been computed billions of times, on millions of GPUs, identically. And yet every AI lab, every startup, every self-hosted deployment - computes and caches these results independently. There is no shared layer. No global memory. Every provider pays the full compute cost for every query, even when the answer already exists somewhere in the network. This is the problem Hyperspace solves where distributed cache operates at three levels, each catching a different class of redundancy: 1. Response cache Same prompt, same model, same parameters - instant cached response from any node in the network. SHA-256 hash lookup via DHT, with cryptographic cache proofs linking every response to its original inference execution. No trust required. Fetchers re-announce as providers, so popular responses replicate naturally across more nodes. 2. KV prefix cache Same system prompt tokens - skip the most expensive part of inference entirely. Prefill (computing Key-Value attention states) is deterministic: same model plus same tokens always produces identical KV state. The network caches these states using erasure coding and distributes them via the routing network. New questions that share a common prefix resume generation from cached state instead of recomputing from scratch. 3. Routing to cached nodes Instead of transferring KV state across the network for every request, Hyperspace routes the request to the node that already has the state loaded in VRAM. The request goes to the cache, not the cache to the request. Together, these three layers mean that 70-90% of inference requests at network scale never require full GPU computation. This work doesn't exist in isolation. It builds on research from across the industry: SGLang's RadixAttention demonstrated that automatic prefix sharing can yield up to 5x speedup on structured LLM workloads. Moonshot AI's Mooncake built an entire KV-cache-centric disaggregated architecture for production serving at Kimi. Anthropic, OpenAI, and Google all launched prompt caching products in 2024 - priced at 50-90% discounts - because system prompt reuse is so pervasive that it changes the economics of inference. What all of these systems share is a common limitation: they operate within a single organization's infrastructure. SGLang caches prefixes within one server. Mooncake disaggregates KV cache within one datacenter. Anthropic's prompt caching works within one API provider's fleet. None of them can share cached state across organizational boundaries. Hyperspace removes this boundary. The cache is global. A response computed by a node in Tokyo is immediately available to a node in Berlin. A KV prefix state generated for Qwen-32B on one machine is verifiable and reusable by any other machine running the same model. The routing network provides the delivery guarantees, the erasure coding provides the redundancy, and the cache proofs provide the trust. What this means for the cost of intelligence Big AI labs scale linearly: twice the users means twice the GPU spend. Every query is a cost center. Their internal caching helps, but it's siloed - Lab A's cache can't serve Lab B's users, and neither can serve a self-hosted Llama deployment. Hyperspace scales sub-linearly. Every new node that joins the network adds to the global cache. Every inference result enriches the cache for all future requests. The cache hit rate rises with network size because query distributions follow a power law - the most common questions are asked exponentially more often than rare ones. The implication is simple: as the network grows, the effective cost per inference drops. Not linearly. Logarithmically. At 10 million nodes, we estimate 75-90% of all inference requests can be served from cache, eliminating 400,000+ MWh of energy consumption per year and avoiding over 200,000 tons of CO2 emissions. The first person to ask a question pays the compute cost. Everyone after them gets the answer for free, with cryptographic proof that it's authentic. Training is competitive. Inference is shared Open-weight models are converging on quality with closed models. Labs will continue to differentiate on training - data curation, architecture innovation, RLHF tuning. That's where the real intellectual property lives. But inference is a commodity. Two copies of Qwen-32B running the same prompt produce the same KV state and the same response, byte for byte, regardless of whose GPU runs the matrix multiplication. There is no moat in multiplying matrices. The moat is in training the weights. A global distributed cache makes this separation explicit. It doesn't matter who trained the model. Once the weights are open, the inference cost approaches zero at scale - because the network remembers every answer and can prove it's correct. No lab, no matter how well-funded, can match this. They cannot share caches across competitors. They scale linearly. The network scales logarithmically. The marginal cost of intelligence approaches zero. That's the endgame.

Varun

37,555 görüntüleme • 6 ay önce

Love OpenClaw but hate the token burn? 💸 Running a 24/7 agent on GPT-4/Claude is overkill. You don't need SOTA reasoning to handle a greeting or a simple lookup. LLMRouter 🩷 OpenClaw The first production-ready, agentic router designed to plug directly into OpenClaw. LLMRouter fully supports Multimodal, Memory-Equipped routing that adapts 100% to your needs—compatible with FREE open-source models. The Logic is Simple:🔹 Simple query → Cheap/Local model 🔹 Complex reasoning → SOTA model (GPT-4/Claude 3.5) 🔹 Multimodal input → Vision/Audio specialized model Why this isn't just a switch: 📉 30–50% drop in inference costs 🧠 Zero loss in response quality 🔓 100% compatible with OpenAI-style APIs 🚀 Deploy in Seconds General Usage: Get the library and serve any model: pip install llmrouter-lib llmrouter serve OpenClaw Native Integration: Want the full agent experience? LLMRouter built a dedicated integration for OpenClaw users: LLMRouter Resources: 🔗 Repo: 📦 PyPI: 🤝 Works with: Route smarter. Train your own. Pay less. More on LLMRouter: Most routers are static if/else. LLMRouter is an intelligent, learning system. 🤖 Agentic & Memory-Aware: Decisions aren't stateless. We use RAG-powered memory to route based on context and history. 👤 Fully Personalized: It learns from your usage patterns via RL feedback loops. 🔬 Research-Grade: Switch between 16+ routing strategies (KNN, SVM, BERT, Graph, RL) with a single flag.

Jiaxuan You

31,451 görüntüleme • 7 ay önce