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New course: Efficient Inference with SGLang: Text and Image Generation, built in partnership with LMSys LMSYS Org and RadixArk RadixArk, and taught by Richard Chen Richard Chen, a Member of Technical Staff at RadixArk. Running LLMs in production is expensive, and much of that cost comes from redundant computation.... This short course teaches you to eliminate that waste using SGLang, an open-source inference framework that caches computation already done and reuses it across future requests. When ten users share the same system prompt, SGLang processes it once, not ten times. The speedups compound quickly, especially when there's a lot of shared context across requests. Skills you'll gain: - Implement a KV cache from scratch to eliminate redundant computation within a single request - Scale caching across users and requests with RadixAttention, so shared context is only processed once - Accelerate image generation with diffusion models using SGLang's caching and multi-GPU parallelism Join and learn to make LLM inference faster and more cost-efficient at scale!show more

Andrew Ng

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New course on serving LLMs efficiently -- how do you serve models to many concurrent users at low latency and reasonable cost? This short course is built with Red Hat and taught by Cedric Clyburn. Efficient LLM serving requires efficient memory management. A 70B-parameter model takes ~140 GB just to load the weights. On top of that, every active request needs its own chunk of GPU memory, the KV cache, to store the token context it has built up so far. In this course, you'll learn to reduce a model's memory footprint with quantization and serve it using vLLM, which handles many concurrent requests efficiently through smart memory management. Skills you'll gain: - Quantize a model and measure the accuracy tradeoff - Serve a model with vLLM and watch it handle concurrent requests efficiently - Benchmark your deployment and make informed tradeoffs between speed, cost, and accuracy Join and learn to serve LLMs efficiently:

New course on serving LLMs efficiently -- how do you serve models to many concurrent users at low latency and reasonable cost? This short course is built with Red Hat and taught by Cedric Clyburn. Efficient LLM serving requires efficient memory management. A 70B-parameter model takes ~140 GB just to load the weights. On top of that, every active request needs its own chunk of GPU memory, the KV cache, to store the token context it has built up so far. In this course, you'll learn to reduce a model's memory footprint with quantization and serve it using vLLM, which handles many concurrent requests efficiently through smart memory management. Skills you'll gain: - Quantize a model and measure the accuracy tradeoff - Serve a model with vLLM and watch it handle concurrent requests efficiently - Benchmark your deployment and make informed tradeoffs between speed, cost, and accuracy Join and learn to serve LLMs efficiently:

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The Cost of Intelligence is Heading to Zero | Hyperspace P2P Distributed Cache We present to you our breakthrough cross-domain work across AI, distributed systems, cryptography, game theory to solve the primary structural inefficiency at the heart of AI infrastructure: most inference is redundant. Google has reported that only 15% of daily searches are truly novel. The rest are repeats or close variants. LLM inference inherits this same power-law distribution. Enterprise chatbots see 70-80% of queries fall into a handful of intent categories. System prompts are identical across 100% of requests within an application. The KV attention state for "You are a helpful assistant" has been computed billions of times, on millions of GPUs, identically. And yet every AI lab, every startup, every self-hosted deployment - computes and caches these results independently. There is no shared layer. No global memory. Every provider pays the full compute cost for every query, even when the answer already exists somewhere in the network. This is the problem Hyperspace solves where distributed cache operates at three levels, each catching a different class of redundancy: 1. Response cache Same prompt, same model, same parameters - instant cached response from any node in the network. SHA-256 hash lookup via DHT, with cryptographic cache proofs linking every response to its original inference execution. No trust required. Fetchers re-announce as providers, so popular responses replicate naturally across more nodes. 2. KV prefix cache Same system prompt tokens - skip the most expensive part of inference entirely. Prefill (computing Key-Value attention states) is deterministic: same model plus same tokens always produces identical KV state. The network caches these states using erasure coding and distributes them via the routing network. New questions that share a common prefix resume generation from cached state instead of recomputing from scratch. 3. Routing to cached nodes Instead of transferring KV state across the network for every request, Hyperspace routes the request to the node that already has the state loaded in VRAM. The request goes to the cache, not the cache to the request. Together, these three layers mean that 70-90% of inference requests at network scale never require full GPU computation. This work doesn't exist in isolation. It builds on research from across the industry: SGLang's RadixAttention demonstrated that automatic prefix sharing can yield up to 5x speedup on structured LLM workloads. Moonshot AI's Mooncake built an entire KV-cache-centric disaggregated architecture for production serving at Kimi. Anthropic, OpenAI, and Google all launched prompt caching products in 2024 - priced at 50-90% discounts - because system prompt reuse is so pervasive that it changes the economics of inference. What all of these systems share is a common limitation: they operate within a single organization's infrastructure. SGLang caches prefixes within one server. Mooncake disaggregates KV cache within one datacenter. Anthropic's prompt caching works within one API provider's fleet. None of them can share cached state across organizational boundaries. Hyperspace removes this boundary. The cache is global. A response computed by a node in Tokyo is immediately available to a node in Berlin. A KV prefix state generated for Qwen-32B on one machine is verifiable and reusable by any other machine running the same model. The routing network provides the delivery guarantees, the erasure coding provides the redundancy, and the cache proofs provide the trust. What this means for the cost of intelligence Big AI labs scale linearly: twice the users means twice the GPU spend. Every query is a cost center. Their internal caching helps, but it's siloed - Lab A's cache can't serve Lab B's users, and neither can serve a self-hosted Llama deployment. Hyperspace scales sub-linearly. Every new node that joins the network adds to the global cache. Every inference result enriches the cache for all future requests. The cache hit rate rises with network size because query distributions follow a power law - the most common questions are asked exponentially more often than rare ones. The implication is simple: as the network grows, the effective cost per inference drops. Not linearly. Logarithmically. At 10 million nodes, we estimate 75-90% of all inference requests can be served from cache, eliminating 400,000+ MWh of energy consumption per year and avoiding over 200,000 tons of CO2 emissions. The first person to ask a question pays the compute cost. Everyone after them gets the answer for free, with cryptographic proof that it's authentic. Training is competitive. Inference is shared Open-weight models are converging on quality with closed models. Labs will continue to differentiate on training - data curation, architecture innovation, RLHF tuning. That's where the real intellectual property lives. But inference is a commodity. Two copies of Qwen-32B running the same prompt produce the same KV state and the same response, byte for byte, regardless of whose GPU runs the matrix multiplication. There is no moat in multiplying matrices. The moat is in training the weights. A global distributed cache makes this separation explicit. It doesn't matter who trained the model. Once the weights are open, the inference cost approaches zero at scale - because the network remembers every answer and can prove it's correct. No lab, no matter how well-funded, can match this. They cannot share caches across competitors. They scale linearly. The network scales logarithmically. The marginal cost of intelligence approaches zero. That's the endgame.

The Cost of Intelligence is Heading to Zero | Hyperspace P2P Distributed Cache We present to you our breakthrough cross-domain work across AI, distributed systems, cryptography, game theory to solve the primary structural inefficiency at the heart of AI infrastructure: most inference is redundant. Google has reported that only 15% of daily searches are truly novel. The rest are repeats or close variants. LLM inference inherits this same power-law distribution. Enterprise chatbots see 70-80% of queries fall into a handful of intent categories. System prompts are identical across 100% of requests within an application. The KV attention state for "You are a helpful assistant" has been computed billions of times, on millions of GPUs, identically. And yet every AI lab, every startup, every self-hosted deployment - computes and caches these results independently. There is no shared layer. No global memory. Every provider pays the full compute cost for every query, even when the answer already exists somewhere in the network. This is the problem Hyperspace solves where distributed cache operates at three levels, each catching a different class of redundancy: 1. Response cache Same prompt, same model, same parameters - instant cached response from any node in the network. SHA-256 hash lookup via DHT, with cryptographic cache proofs linking every response to its original inference execution. No trust required. Fetchers re-announce as providers, so popular responses replicate naturally across more nodes. 2. KV prefix cache Same system prompt tokens - skip the most expensive part of inference entirely. Prefill (computing Key-Value attention states) is deterministic: same model plus same tokens always produces identical KV state. The network caches these states using erasure coding and distributes them via the routing network. New questions that share a common prefix resume generation from cached state instead of recomputing from scratch. 3. Routing to cached nodes Instead of transferring KV state across the network for every request, Hyperspace routes the request to the node that already has the state loaded in VRAM. The request goes to the cache, not the cache to the request. Together, these three layers mean that 70-90% of inference requests at network scale never require full GPU computation. This work doesn't exist in isolation. It builds on research from across the industry: SGLang's RadixAttention demonstrated that automatic prefix sharing can yield up to 5x speedup on structured LLM workloads. Moonshot AI's Mooncake built an entire KV-cache-centric disaggregated architecture for production serving at Kimi. Anthropic, OpenAI, and Google all launched prompt caching products in 2024 - priced at 50-90% discounts - because system prompt reuse is so pervasive that it changes the economics of inference. What all of these systems share is a common limitation: they operate within a single organization's infrastructure. SGLang caches prefixes within one server. Mooncake disaggregates KV cache within one datacenter. Anthropic's prompt caching works within one API provider's fleet. None of them can share cached state across organizational boundaries. Hyperspace removes this boundary. The cache is global. A response computed by a node in Tokyo is immediately available to a node in Berlin. A KV prefix state generated for Qwen-32B on one machine is verifiable and reusable by any other machine running the same model. The routing network provides the delivery guarantees, the erasure coding provides the redundancy, and the cache proofs provide the trust. What this means for the cost of intelligence Big AI labs scale linearly: twice the users means twice the GPU spend. Every query is a cost center. Their internal caching helps, but it's siloed - Lab A's cache can't serve Lab B's users, and neither can serve a self-hosted Llama deployment. Hyperspace scales sub-linearly. Every new node that joins the network adds to the global cache. Every inference result enriches the cache for all future requests. The cache hit rate rises with network size because query distributions follow a power law - the most common questions are asked exponentially more often than rare ones. The implication is simple: as the network grows, the effective cost per inference drops. Not linearly. Logarithmically. At 10 million nodes, we estimate 75-90% of all inference requests can be served from cache, eliminating 400,000+ MWh of energy consumption per year and avoiding over 200,000 tons of CO2 emissions. The first person to ask a question pays the compute cost. Everyone after them gets the answer for free, with cryptographic proof that it's authentic. Training is competitive. Inference is shared Open-weight models are converging on quality with closed models. Labs will continue to differentiate on training - data curation, architecture innovation, RLHF tuning. That's where the real intellectual property lives. But inference is a commodity. Two copies of Qwen-32B running the same prompt produce the same KV state and the same response, byte for byte, regardless of whose GPU runs the matrix multiplication. There is no moat in multiplying matrices. The moat is in training the weights. A global distributed cache makes this separation explicit. It doesn't matter who trained the model. Once the weights are open, the inference cost approaches zero at scale - because the network remembers every answer and can prove it's correct. No lab, no matter how well-funded, can match this. They cannot share caches across competitors. They scale linearly. The network scales logarithmically. The marginal cost of intelligence approaches zero. That's the endgame.

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New course: Build and Train an LLM with JAX, built in partnership with Google and taught by Chris Achard. JAX is the open-source library behind Google's Gemini, Veo, and other advanced models. This short course teaches you to build and train a 20-million parameter language model from scratch using JAX and its ecosystem of tools. You'll implement a complete MiniGPT-style architecture from scratch, train it, and chat with your finished model through a graphical interface. Skills you'll gain: - Learn JAX's core primitives: automatic differentiation, JIT compilation, and vectorized execution - Build a MiniGPT-style LLM using Flax/NNX, implementing embedding and transformer blocks - Load a pretrained MiniGPT model and run inference through a chat interface Come learn this important software layer for building LLMs!

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New course announcement: Semantic Caching for AI Agents, taught by Tyler Hutcherson and Iliya Zhechev from Redis. Semantic caching can significantly reduce your AI application's inference costs and latency. If someone asks "How do I get a refund?" and another later asks "I want my money back," semantic caching recognizes these mean the same thing so it can use a cached response instead of making another model call. This short course takes you from building your first semantic cache from scratch to implementing production-ready systems using Redis' open-source tools. Skills you'll gain: - Build semantic caches from scratch, then implement them using Redis' SDK with production features - Measure cache performance using hit rate, precision, recall, and latency - Enhance accuracy with threshold tuning, cross-encoders, LLM validation, and fuzzy matching Join and learn to reduce your agentic AI's costs and improve speed!

New course announcement: Semantic Caching for AI Agents, taught by Tyler Hutcherson and Iliya Zhechev from Redis. Semantic caching can significantly reduce your AI application's inference costs and latency. If someone asks "How do I get a refund?" and another later asks "I want my money back," semantic caching recognizes these mean the same thing so it can use a cached response instead of making another model call. This short course takes you from building your first semantic cache from scratch to implementing production-ready systems using Redis' open-source tools. Skills you'll gain: - Build semantic caches from scratch, then implement them using Redis' SDK with production features - Measure cache performance using hit rate, precision, recall, and latency - Enhance accuracy with threshold tuning, cross-encoders, LLM validation, and fuzzy matching Join and learn to reduce your agentic AI's costs and improve speed!

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Learn how to build an optimized LLM inference system from the ground up in our new short course, Efficiently Serving LLMs, built in collaboration with Predibase by Rubrik and taught by Travis Addair. Whether you're serving your own LLM or using a model hosting service, this course will give you a deep understanding of the optimizations required to efficiently serve many users at once. - Learn how LLMs generate text one token at a time, and how techniques like KV caching, continuous batching, and quantization speed things up and optimize memory usage for serving multiple users. - Benchmark the performance of these LLM optimizations to explore the trade-offs between quickly responding to an individual user’s request vs. serving many users at once. - Use techniques like low-rank adaptation (LoRA) to efficiently serve hundreds of unique, custom fine-tuned models on a single device, without sacrificing throughput. - Use Predibase's LoRAX framework to see optimization techniques in action on a real LLM server. Sign up here:

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Our first short course with Anthropic! Building Towards Computer Use with Anthropic. This teaches you to build an LLM-based agent that uses a computer interface by generating mouse clicks and keystrokes. Computer Use is an important, emerging capability for LLMs that will let AI agents do many more tasks than were possible before, since it lets them interact with interfaces designed for humans to use, rather than only tools that provide explicit API access. I hope you will enjoy learning about it! This course is taught by Anthropic's Head of Curriculum, Colt_Steele. You'll learn to apply image reasoning and tool use to "use" a computer as follows: a model processes an image of the screen, analyzes it to understand what's going on, and navigates the computer via mouse clicks and keystrokes. This course goes through the key building blocks, and culminates in a demo of an AI assistant that uses a web browser to search for a research paper, downloads the PDF, and finally summarizes the paper for you. In detail, you’ll: - Learn about Anthropic's family of models, when to use which one, and make API requests to Claude - Use multi-modal prompts that combine text and image content blocks, and also work with streaming responses - Improve your prompting by using prompt templates, using XML to structure prompts, and providing examples - Implement prompt caching to reduce cost and latency - Apply tool-use to build a chatbot that can call different tools to respond to queries - See all these building blocks come together in Computer Use demo Please sign up here:

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LLM inference speed with vs. without KV caching: (learn how and why it works below)

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LLM inference speed with vs. without KV caching: (learn how and why it works below)

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"The inflection point for inference has arrived." — Jensen Huang, Founder & CEO of NVIDIA We’ve officially crossed a new milestone in the inference era — where widespread adoption of AI shifts from learning to doing. The breakthrough: extreme codesign across hardware and software driving down cost per token. Lower cost → more inference More inference → more users and applications More users and applications → exponential AI revenue growth

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New course 🚨 Learn to build AI apps that can process very long documents with the Jamba model in this course, built in partnership with AI21 Labs and taught by Chen Wang and Chen Almagor. Learn more and join for free:

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New course: Spec-Driven Development with Coding Agents, built in partnership with JetBrains, and taught by Paul Everitt | @[email protected]. Vibe coding is fast, but often produces code that doesn't match what you asked for. This short course teaches you spec-driven development: write a detailed spec defining what to build, and work with your coding agent to implement it. Many of the best developers already build this way. A spec lets you control large code changes with a few words, preserve context across agent sessions, and stay in control as your project grows in complexity. Skills you'll gain: - Write a detailed specification to define your mission, tech stack, and roadmap, giving your agent the context it needs from the start - Plan, implement, and validate features in iterative loops using a spec as your agent's guide - Apply the same repeatable workflow to both new and legacy codebases - Package your workflow into a portable agent skill that works across agents and IDEs Join and write specs that keep your coding agent on track!

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455,249 görüntüleme • 2 ay önce

New Course: ACP: Agent Communication Protocol Learn to build agents that communicate and collaborate across different frameworks using ACP in this short course built with IBM Research's BeeAI, and taught by Sandi Besen, AI Research Engineer & Ecosystem Lead at IBM, and Nicholas Renotte, Head of AI Developer Advocacy at IBM. Building a multi-agent system with agents built or used by different teams and organizations can become challenging. You may need to write custom integrations each time a team updates their agent design or changes their choice of agentic orchestration framework. The Agent Communication Protocol (ACP) is an open protocol that addresses this challenge by standardizing how agents communicate, using a unified RESTful interface that works across frameworks. In this protocol, you host an agent inside an ACP server, which handles requests from an ACP client and passes them to the appropriate agent. Using a standardized client-server interface allows multiple teams to reuse agents across projects. It also makes it easier to switch between frameworks, replace an agent with a new version, or update a multi-agent system without refactoring the entire system. In this course, you’ll learn to connect agents through ACP. You’ll understand the lifecycle of an ACP Agent and how it compares to other protocols, such as MCP (Model Context Protocol) and A2A (Agent-to-Agent). You’ll build ACP-compliant agents and implement both sequential and hierarchical workflows of multiple agents collaborating using ACP. Through hands-on exercises, you’ll build: - A RAG agent with CrewAI and wrap it inside an ACP server. - An ACP Client to make calls to the ACP server you created. - A sequential workflow that chains an ACP server, created with Smolagents, to the RAG agent. - A hierarchical workflow using a router agent that transforms user queries into tasks, delegated to agents available through ACP servers. - An agent that uses MCP to access tools and ACP to communicate with other agents. You’ll finish up by importing your ACP agents into the BeeAI platform, an open-source registry for discovering and sharing agents. ACP enables collaboration between agents across teams and organizations. By the end of this course, you’ll be able to build ACP agents and workflows that communicate and collaborate regardless of framework. Please sign up here:

New Course: ACP: Agent Communication Protocol Learn to build agents that communicate and collaborate across different frameworks using ACP in this short course built with IBM Research's BeeAI, and taught by Sandi Besen, AI Research Engineer & Ecosystem Lead at IBM, and Nicholas Renotte, Head of AI Developer Advocacy at IBM. Building a multi-agent system with agents built or used by different teams and organizations can become challenging. You may need to write custom integrations each time a team updates their agent design or changes their choice of agentic orchestration framework. The Agent Communication Protocol (ACP) is an open protocol that addresses this challenge by standardizing how agents communicate, using a unified RESTful interface that works across frameworks. In this protocol, you host an agent inside an ACP server, which handles requests from an ACP client and passes them to the appropriate agent. Using a standardized client-server interface allows multiple teams to reuse agents across projects. It also makes it easier to switch between frameworks, replace an agent with a new version, or update a multi-agent system without refactoring the entire system. In this course, you’ll learn to connect agents through ACP. You’ll understand the lifecycle of an ACP Agent and how it compares to other protocols, such as MCP (Model Context Protocol) and A2A (Agent-to-Agent). You’ll build ACP-compliant agents and implement both sequential and hierarchical workflows of multiple agents collaborating using ACP. Through hands-on exercises, you’ll build: - A RAG agent with CrewAI and wrap it inside an ACP server. - An ACP Client to make calls to the ACP server you created. - A sequential workflow that chains an ACP server, created with Smolagents, to the RAG agent. - A hierarchical workflow using a router agent that transforms user queries into tasks, delegated to agents available through ACP servers. - An agent that uses MCP to access tools and ACP to communicate with other agents. You’ll finish up by importing your ACP agents into the BeeAI platform, an open-source registry for discovering and sharing agents. ACP enables collaboration between agents across teams and organizations. By the end of this course, you’ll be able to build ACP agents and workflows that communicate and collaborate regardless of framework. Please sign up here:

Andrew Ng

105,261 görüntüleme • 11 ay önce

I added KV caching and INT8 KV quantization to our transformer inference, improving throughput by 35x. All of this was done from scratch in Rust + CUDA, on top of a homemade ML framework. On a 4-token prompt with 252 generated tokens: - Original: 0.76 tok/s - KV cache fp32: 27.21 tok/s - KV cache int8 (quantized): 27.29 tok/s Try it out yourself here: In practice: - KV caching gave us about a 35x end-to-end speedup - INT8 KV cache kept roughly the same speed as fp32 but cut KV cache memory by 3.78x FP32 cache used 4.5 MB in this run while the INT8 cache used only 1.19 MB This simple change to inference created a huge impact on performance. To learn more about the KV cache and other optimizations like this, check out the blog at

I added KV caching and INT8 KV quantization to our transformer inference, improving throughput by 35x. All of this was done from scratch in Rust + CUDA, on top of a homemade ML framework. On a 4-token prompt with 252 generated tokens: - Original: 0.76 tok/s - KV cache fp32: 27.21 tok/s - KV cache int8 (quantized): 27.29 tok/s Try it out yourself here: In practice: - KV caching gave us about a 35x end-to-end speedup - INT8 KV cache kept roughly the same speed as fp32 but cut KV cache memory by 3.78x FP32 cache used 4.5 MB in this run while the INT8 cache used only 1.19 MB This simple change to inference created a huge impact on performance. To learn more about the KV cache and other optimizations like this, check out the blog at

Reese Chong

52,511 görüntüleme • 1 ay önce

LLM-grounded Diffusion: Enhancing Prompt Understanding of Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Large Language Models paper page: github: Recent advancements in text-to-image generation with diffusion models have yielded remarkable results synthesizing highly realistic and diverse images. However, these models still encounter difficulties when generating images from prompts that demand spatial or common sense reasoning. We propose to equip diffusion models with enhanced reasoning capabilities by using off-the-shelf pretrained large language models (LLMs) in a novel two-stage generation process. First, we adapt an LLM to be a text-guided layout generator through in-context learning. When provided with an image prompt, an LLM outputs a scene layout in the form of bounding boxes along with corresponding individual descriptions. Second, we steer a diffusion model with a novel controller to generate images conditioned on the layout. Both stages utilize frozen pretrained models without any LLM or diffusion model parameter optimization. We validate the superiority of our design by demonstrating its ability to outperform the base diffusion model in accurately generating images according to prompts that necessitate both language and spatial reasoning. Additionally, our method naturally allows dialog-based scene specification and is able to handle prompts in a language that is not well-supported by the underlying diffusion model.

LLM-grounded Diffusion: Enhancing Prompt Understanding of Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Large Language Models paper page: github: Recent advancements in text-to-image generation with diffusion models have yielded remarkable results synthesizing highly realistic and diverse images. However, these models still encounter difficulties when generating images from prompts that demand spatial or common sense reasoning. We propose to equip diffusion models with enhanced reasoning capabilities by using off-the-shelf pretrained large language models (LLMs) in a novel two-stage generation process. First, we adapt an LLM to be a text-guided layout generator through in-context learning. When provided with an image prompt, an LLM outputs a scene layout in the form of bounding boxes along with corresponding individual descriptions. Second, we steer a diffusion model with a novel controller to generate images conditioned on the layout. Both stages utilize frozen pretrained models without any LLM or diffusion model parameter optimization. We validate the superiority of our design by demonstrating its ability to outperform the base diffusion model in accurately generating images according to prompts that necessitate both language and spatial reasoning. Additionally, our method naturally allows dialog-based scene specification and is able to handle prompts in a language that is not well-supported by the underlying diffusion model.

AK

83,657 görüntüleme • 2 yıl önce

Struggling with slow inference of diffusion and flow models? Check out the video below—I’ve been using our new FastGen library to achieve 7-28x acceleration for text-2-image and {text,image,video}-2-video generation without sacrificing visual fidelity!

Struggling with slow inference of diffusion and flow models? Check out the video below—I’ve been using our new FastGen library to achieve 7-28x acceleration for text-2-image and {text,image,video}-2-video generation without sacrificing visual fidelity!

Julius Berner

13,604 görüntüleme • 4 ay önce