🤔 Why do we still rely on the final layer of an LLM, when different layers encode different information? 🤔 In our new work, “Improving LLM Final Representations with Inter-Layer Geometry” (ICLR 2026 Workshop on Geometry-grounded Representation Learning and Generative Modeling) we show that actually, LLMs do not have... one “best” layer. We introduce the Cayley-Encoder: an efficient and effective geometric encoder that learns one strong representation from all layer representations of the LLM, without biasing the representation toward any specific layer. While adding at most 0.1% learned parameters to the LLM, the Cayley-Encoder achieves large empirical gains over LoRA fine-tuning, final-layer representations, expensive attention-based aggregation, and methods that optimize specific layers for the task.show more

Maya Bechler-Speicher

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