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๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐บ๐ผ๐ธ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐๐ฎ๐ป ๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฑ๐ปโ๐ ๐ฐ๐ผ๐บ๐ฒ ๐ณ๐ฟ๐ผ๐บ ๐บ๐๐๐ต๐. ๐๐ ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ ๐ณ๐ฟ๐ผ๐บ ๐ฑ๐ถ๐๐ผ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฒ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฒ. โ๏ธ๐ฅ Fr. Chris Alar just laid it out: communion in the hand did not come from Vatican II. It was born in ๐ผ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐ป ๐ฑ๐ถ๐๐ผ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฒ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฒ in the same countries now almost completely fallen away from the faith. France.... show more
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![In preparation for this, I checked out Dr. Jordan Cooper's (Dr Jordan B. Cooper) video on Chemnitz's examination of traditions and he made the remark that the Catholic Church contradicts the consensus of the Fathers on communion in both kinds, and that there is "no example of" communion in one kind in the Fathers. Respectfully, I think this is a messy critique which misses what is going on at the Reformation and what the precise claim of the Reformers was. I have already made a video extensively citing examples of communion in one kind starting in the 3rd century, through Tertullian, Ss. Jerome, Basil, etc, such as the widespread practice of private communion at home with the Eucharistic bread only. I will link it below. These are usually dismissed as "extraordinary instances," but this only shows that the Fathers did not actually agree with the Reformers. Remember, the Reformers (specifically the Lutheran orthodox) said that communion in one kind can NEVER happen. Johann Adam Scherzer, for example, said that if someone cannot receive wine, โ[he] should be kept away from the whole, than that he should not receive the wholeโ (Anti-Bellarmine, disp. 11, th. 6, obj. 9). To demonstrate that the Catholic Church "contradicts" the Fathers on communion in both kinds (which is Dr. Cooper's internal critique), one needs to show that the Fathers of any age unanimously (at least morally) taught that it was a matter of faith to hold that both kinds must be received. Certainly, no consensus ever existed. On the contrary, we know they often did make the exception and allowed Christians to receive only one kind, which shows they did not agree with the Lutherans that this is a divine precept (to receive both). Dr. Cooper conflates the ordinary liturgical practice with what Catholics mean by a "consensus on the Fathers." For more, I recommend reading St. Robert Bellarmine who has a really good response to Martin Chemnitz. Here is a helpful example. It was truly a unanimous practice to preserve the Eucharist after the liturgy and treat the elements as consecrated. The Reformed (to my knowledge) unanimously deny this is the case, and the Lutherans (from my reading of Chemnitz and Gerhard) admit that Christ's presence persists but only for taking the Eucharist to the sick. The early Church affirmed Christ's presence in the Eucharist in the Catholic sense; they preserved it even for reasons which were not for the sick and nevertheless affirmed its lasting consecration (Ss. Irenaeus, Ambrose, Jerome, to name a few). The Catholic view of tradition tells us that this practice/belief (that Christ is still present post-liturgy) must be valid and true (since the universal church cannot err), but it does not establish a precept i.e. just because the whole Church often preserved the Eucharist, it does not mean we actually have to do it; it just means we can do so validly and licitly; it also means this is a certain rule which Protestants contradicted (from a Catholic POV). Even if communion in both kinds was the universal practice (which it was not), this would not suffice to say the Tridentine Church is in contradiction, since this would only tell us it is valid (duh, so does Scripture). There would need to be a unanimous testimony from the Fathers of, let's say, the fourth century, that communion in both kinds is the only way and that to oppose this is heresy; a testimony which does not exist and is even contradicted.](https://image.24vids.com/tw-2081096782948213085/amplify_video_thumb/2081092202709553152/img/a8TxxtUS50pmGBfu.jpg)
![More than 70,000 likes โค๏ธ on IG, yet 0 historical expertise. โ๐๐ป ๐ญ๐ด๐ด๐ฐ ๐ญ๐ฐ ๐ฐ๐ผ๐๐ป๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฒ๐ ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ ๐๐ผ๐ด๐ฒ๐๐ต๐ฒ๐ฟ ๐ถ๐ป ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐บ๐ฎ๐ป๐ ๐๐ผ ๐ฑ๐ถ๐๐ถ๐ฑ๐ฒ ๐๐ณ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ ๐น๐ถ๐ธ๐ฒ ๐ฎ ๐ฝ๐ถ๐ฒ...โ โ Not true. The conference merely set the legal and diplomatic rules for colonization rather than drawing every single border on the spot. โ๐ข๐๐๐ผ ๐๐ผ๐ป ๐๐ถ๐๐บ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฐ๐ธ ๐๐ผ๐๐น๐ฑ ๐ฐ๐น๐ฎ๐ถ๐บ ๐ฎ ๐ฝ๐ผ๐ฟ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐ผ๐ณ ๐ฆ๐ผ๐๐๐ต๐๐ฒ๐๐ ๐๐ณ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ ๐ณ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐บ๐ฎ๐ป๐...โ โ Bismarck did not just โclaimโ this territory. He instructed the Cape government that the coastal territories acquired by Bremen merchant Adolf Lรผderitz were now under the protection of the German Empire. Treaties of friendship and protection with the natives residing in the interior followed, making this process of colonization fully legal and non-violent. โ๐ง๐๐ผ ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฏ๐ฎ๐น ๐ด๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ฝ๐, ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ผ ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ก๐ฎ๐บ๐ฎ [...] ๐ต๐ฎ๐ฑ ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ฒ๐ป ๐๐ต๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ณ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฒ๐.โ โ This may be true for the Herero, less so for the Orlam-Nama groups, some of whom had migrated into the area just one generation before the Germans arrived. Ultimately, none of these groups were truly โindigenousโ to the region. They had all come from elsewhere, subduing or displacing the real natives, the Damara and the San. โ๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ด๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ฝ๐ ๐๐ผ๐๐น๐ฑ ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ๐ป๐๐๐ฎ๐น๐น๐ ๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐ฒ ๐๐ฝ [...] ๐ฎ๐ณ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐ฝ๐๐๐ต๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐ผ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ๐ถ๐ฟ ๐น๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ๐.โ โ While the natives did lose a lot of land in the 20 years that followed, this happened neither involuntarily nor forcefully. Tribal chiefs, Samuel Maharero in particular, readily sold off their land to satisfy their worldly desires. โ๐ง๐ต๐ฒ๐ ๐ธ๐ถ๐น๐น๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐๐ฝ๐๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฑ๐ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐ญ๐ฒ๐ฌ ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐บ๐ฎ๐ป ๐๐ผ๐น๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐.โ โ Soldiers made up only a tiny fraction of the victims. In fact, the Herero had waited for an opportunity to strike unsuspecting and undefended German farmers and merchants, sometimes killing them in their sleep. โ๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐บ๐ฎ๐ป ๐บ๐ถ๐น๐ถ๐๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ฝ๐ผ๐ป๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐๐ถ๐๐ต ๐๐ผ๐บ๐ฒ๐๐ต๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐น๐น๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐
๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ฟ.โ โ This order was issued late into the conflict when much of the military engagement was already over and it was quickly rescinded by the General Staff in Berlin after just a couple of weeks. It played a minor role in the overall picture. Also, it is not to be understood literally, as the German General specifically instructed his troops not to shoot at women and children. โ๐ข๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น๐น, ๐๐ฝ๐๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฑ๐ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐ญ๐ฌ๐ฌ,๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ผ ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ก๐ฎ๐บ๐ฎ ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ธ๐ถ๐น๐น๐ฒ๐ฑ...โ โ This figure is more than unlikely considering that even the highest estimates place their combined pre-war population at 120,000. Some estimates are as low as 40,000. No census data exists so the true number may never be known. โ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐บ๐ฎ๐ป๐ ๐๐๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐๐ต๐ฎ๐ ๐๐ต๐ฒ๐ ๐น๐ฒ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ป๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐ฎ๐ฏ๐ผ๐๐ ๐ฐ๐ผ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฟ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฝ๐ ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ต๐๐บ๐ฎ๐ป ๐ฏ๐ผ๐ฑ๐ ๐๐ผ ๐ฝ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฝ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ณ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ผ๐น๐ผ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐๐.โ โ There is no evidence of this whatsoever. The colonial experience with concentration camps had been largely forgotten when Nazism took over.](https://image.24vids.com/tw-2078043254155550900/amplify_video_thumb/2078042974819176448/img/WJTozAQN0kvUAEhx.jpg)
