The physics 😍 Beautiful work by alluring vreya #MOMMY... #THICK #Dimitrescu #ladydimitrescu #ResidentEvil #tits #beautiful #nsfwcontent #musclemommy #musclewoman #abs #thighsshow more

A work in progress fixed camera angle mod for... Requiem has seemingly dropped and damn, this looks good! 🤯😍 Really helps to draw your attention to the beautiful & detailed environments. Here’s the link to the full video: #REBHFun #ResidentEvil 🧟‍♂️☣️show more

Such a beautiful and heartwarming Mother and Daughter moment🥹❤️... The Princess of Wales playing a piano duet with her daughter is absolutely the most beautiful moment of this entire “Together at Christmas” Carol. It symbolizes Family, unity and continuity to have a mother and daughter, playing that poignant song TOGETHER at Christmas❤️ Charlotte looks so happy and proud to be playing with her mother and Catherine’s happiness and the pride in her face is that simply all mothers can relate to🥹 The special moment between mother and daughter was filmed last week at Windsor Castle. They played a song called “Holm Sound”. That song is all the more special that it was written by Scottish composer and producer, Erland Cooper for his mother, Charlotte.❤️❤️😍😍😍 He is known “for being inspired by nature and connection with his work” so you can see why this song and playing alongside Charlotte was so meaningful to the Princess of Wales❤️ Prince William is truly so blessed to have such a wonderful woman as wife and mother of his children. 📹 Kensington Palaceshow more

When you let the Mathematics and the Physics do... their thing… you get something beautiful.🤩🙌🏻😍 We evolve a two-component quantum field (ψ1, ψ2) under a coupled Gross-Pitaevskii/Schrödinger flow: split-step Fourier time stepping, self-gravity via a Poisson solve, and coherent Rabi mixing between components. Then we render the same state twice...a 3D density sheet (height driven by ρ) with molten-gold shading, and a lifted square detector plane carrying the exact same 2D texture. From ψ1, ψ2 we form the total density ρ = |ψ1|^2 + |ψ2|^2 and total current j = Im(ψ*∇ψ) summed across components, then the flow field v = j/(ρ+ε). Tracer comets are just Lagrangian particles advected by that v, so they’re literally riding the probability/current geometry the PDE is producing. The punchline moment is the Kibble-Zurek quench. Miscibility breaks, domains nucleate, and the separating walls ignite using the Bloch order parameter. Support us by buying a coffee #QuantumMechanics #GrossPitaevskii #KibbleZurek #SchrodingerEquation #QuantumFluids #NonlinearDynamics #ComputationalPhysics #PhysicsVisualizationshow more

Serrations do not make the saw. The knife decides... the cut. Too many blades fail the moment they meet real resistance. Marketing promises “tactical” serrations, aggressive teeth, and “indestructible” edges, yet they fold, chip, or dull the instant they bite into something unforgiving—like a fire hose, thick rope, or seasoned hardwood. Those tests expose the truth: geometry and heat-treat matter more than gimmicks. A well-forged blade with a clean, convex or flat-ground edge slices with authority because the steel is properly hardened and the geometry supports it. No saw-tooth illusion of aggression—just pure, controlled cutting. When you truly know your equipment, selection becomes simple. You stop chasing trends and start respecting physics. A beautiful edge wins every time. It pushes through cleanly, retains sharpness longer, and leaves less waste. Whether you’re field dressing, rope work, or daily carry, the difference is night and day. Train with it. Hone it. Respect the steel. The right knife doesn’t need marketing hype; its performance speaks louder than any serrated promise ever could.show more

Following ☄︎ work, I'm experimenting with some react three... fiber with #threejs webGPU. We no longer need an EffectComposer to use post-processing effects in #r3f. Now, everything is done by composing TSL nodes. I created a small component that helps in rendering post-processing effects. All you need to do is import the effects you want and add them to the final composition. I will share the link to the demo and source code on Monday 😍. Another thing I want to highlight is how amazing the Screen Space Reflection effect is. It generates reflections not only on the ground, as we had before in r3f in webgl. It is able to calculate the reflections between the meshes. Look how beautiful the reflection of the lightsaber on Darth Vader's mask is. This is not something that is easy to calculate and this is exactly where WebGPU in threejs shines! Congratulations to everyone on the threejs team. I am increasingly impressed with WebGPU and TSL.show more

We releasing an early version of Moonlake's world modeling... agent. It is not just a tool for generating beautiful scenes. It is a system for creating worlds you can interact with. Objects respond. Physics runs determinstically. Your actions have real causal effects. We believe in building with the community, not in isolation. Over the past month, we have iterated closely with users, hosted hackathons, and worked side by side with hundreds of beginner game developers to understand their workflows, frustrations, and creative ambitions firsthand. Our intention is simple. Help developers solve real pain points. Expensive tooling. Repetitive tasks. Tedious work that slow down creativity. We believe humans are the true source of creativity. Tools should amplify that power, not replace it. Game developers, and more broadly creators, will always be at the center of our ecosystem. This is our first beta release. It is an early step, but we hope it gives you a clear sense of what we are building toward. A future where anyone can create rich, interactive worlds with intention and meaning.show more

Spatial Photo Editing? 😍 Yes, please!! Today, I’m reviewing... the Vision Pro version of "Luminar" by Luminar Neo —an incredibly productive, yet downright beautiful app. Honestly, it might just have the best UI/UX I’ve ever seen in photo editing software. All the knobs, settings, and buttons are playful yet thoughtfully designed, making it a joy to interact with the interface. You can immediately tell that a lot of thought went into creating an experience that doesn’t rely on standard sliders, and as an #UI #UX designer myself I really appreciate that! It offers tons of controls, making it a fully-fledged photo editing software, now available in any size, right in your room. You can’t tell me that this isn’t just awesome. The award-winning app is packed with a lot of #AI like smart filters and sky replacement, that work flawlessly. I won’t say more—this one’s an easy 5/5 Visions. Very, very well done! 👏 This is spatial computing at its finest. #VisionProshow more

We spent the last 9-10 years strengthening our relationship... which if u know our history that is Gods work. But the last 4-5 years were really special because we started to talk, at least once a month. Then eventually once a week then 2-3 times a week. U would send me beautiful photos of yourself and an update of ur garden which had become your life. The flowers and crop u planted would come along nicely except some times those damn peonies. 😩🤦‍♀️ Everyone who was close to u called u Meema but I called u mommy like a second mom. Which is why slide 11 is very special to me because that was the day u showed me ur phone and u said “look what I have u saved as,“ I said, “what?” U said, “daughter“ I smiled so big it warmed my heart and u began to call me daughter all the time after that. Our conversations got more intense, u kept saying we need to spend time in person. U wanted me to come to the house, I couldn’t wait to do that, especially since it’s been awhile since I’ve been there. I had plans to come around Christmas but u were going to Jamaica to see your mom, so I said I will come when U got back after the new year some time. Once 2025 came in we began to talk again but by this time u were calling me a lot saying we have to see each other and “ur the only one I haven’t seen yet.“ It was odd to me that she said that, almost as if she had something to tell me. Smh, I kept saying I’m coming mommy. The plan was to spend time with her after my show in Atlantic City since she was only a couple of hours away, but that day will never come. This hits different because there’s no hurt and sadness like the hurt and sadness when u crave conversation from someone who is no longer here. 💔 I’m smiling to myself because I can hear u saying “MY GOD CHRISTOPHER!! Put that smoke down!!” It makes the sadness a little better knowing that you’re reunited with the other half of ur heart. 💔 Rest in heaven Meema We lost a phenomenal strong Queen but we gained a beautiful warrior angel 🕊️show more

“Prince William and Catherine mobbed by surprised crowds in... London”❤️ “The Prince and Princess of Wales brew up a storm during surprise borough visit”😍 We love to see it indeed!🤩 Such a busy and beautiful visit today as the couple was greeted by crowds of people upon their arrival shaking hands and chatting. Although, Princess Catherine tried her hand at brewing some Ale, she declined to try beer and cider, telling the owner Hannah Rhodes: "Since my diagnosis I haven't had much alcohol. It’s something I have to be a lot more conscious of now."❤️‍🩹 Indeed if something can make you reevaluate your Health and diet it is indeed a cancer diagnosis. Prince William for his part sipped on the beverages declaring himself a "cider man". However, earlier during their visit, when Catherine practiced her Barista Skills and made a coffee for William, he thanked her but declined because the coffee was not decaffeinated. On a recent podcast appearance, Prince William shared that he had been cutting back on caffeine lately to help his mood and his mental health. He said: "if I drink coffee, I get completely bananas." He explained that "there's too much caffeine, caffeine gets me really agitated, actually. If I overdo the caffeine, I definitely feel it during the day."👌🏽 I must be one of the few people who can drink black coffee and still go to sleep right after in the middle of work😂😂 #PrinceandPrincessofWales 📹Hello Canadashow more

Today’s guest on the Free Radicals podcast is José... Luis Ricón Fernández de la Puente, head of theory Retro Biosciences and blogger Jose is a prolific blogger, covering a wide breadth of topics across economics, philosophy, progress studies, science funding, much more, and of course longevity. His works have been published by a16z, Works in Progress and Adam Smith Institute. Our conversation is wide ranging, spanning a deep dive on Retro’s work to replace and engineer microglia to rejuvenate the brain and how our cells have the ability to turn back the aging clock but choose not to. We also covered the technological stagnation and why biological engineering is the new frontier of progress, as well as philosophical topics like transhumanism and how a future of total biological control might impact our values and way of life. Be sure to follow me and Eric Dai to stay up to date on the latest news in longevity biotech! And Special thank you to NFX & omri_drory for lending us their beautiful podcasting studio! 0:00 Intro 2:49 What is aging & why cells have a tough choice to make 9:02 When cells choose to reverse aging themselves 12:43 Cellular vs Organismal Aging & the magic wand experiment 18:31 What is reprogramming 22:40 How reprogramming plays a role in DNA damage repair 25:42 Do we already know how to cure aging? FOXO3! 28:37 How to cut through the complexity of interconnected biology 32:32 Why transcription factors are so great for intervening 36:49 Does a rejuvenation program exist already in the genome 38:51 Michael Levin: from thinking in terms of genes to morphogenesis 48:14 Tech stagnation and why physics is cooked 55:03 Why doesn't the world look more futuristic 57:26 Transhumanism & asking ourselves what we want out of life 1:05:34 Do we need war for technological progress 1:09:31 Government role in science funding 1:15:06 How Jose became the Head of Theory at Retro 1:24:53 How AI might put software engineers out of a job, and push them towards biotech 1:27:28 What it takes to get a flywheel in biotech 1:29:04 Rejuvenation vs Prevention 1:34:23 Aging is the coolest hardest problem to work on 1:36:09 What does it take to cure aging 1:42:25 Delivery mechanisms for genetic therapies 1:48:53 Retro's work to replace microglia and engineer them outside the body 1:59:10 Consciousness 2:00:39 Jose's Origin Storyshow more

What a beautiful, laid-back year. I worked and rested... in equal measure, I laughed hard and loved hard. And I travelled! I ate croissants in Paris, ate too much cheese in Amsterdam, had amazing fish in Mozambique, swam at the edge of the Victoria Falls, had ice cream in Zambia, lunch in Botswana, coffee in Kenya and bitterballen in Den Haag. I fell in love with windmills and canals, trains and bicycles, and enjoyed European winter. Netherlands was a second home 😍 And I finally explored Cape Town like a tourist and went home every chance I got. And I went to the gym, hiked Lion’s Head religiously and went to church. And my career catapulted. I wouldn’t even know where to begin expressing my gratitude because it wasn’t just hard work, it was my seniors at work vouching for me, motivating for me and dropping my name in high places. It was my postgraduate students working hard and cooperating. It was my supervisor saying: “I feel like I photocopied myself in you.” And her pushing me in her footsteps -Guiding me on Funding, Ratings, Publications, Patents, Roping me into high-value projects and mentoring me like a mother. I got ALL the fundings I applied for. Like all of them said YES. I’m still speechless. I got NRF rated (Super huge for my career). I was granted a patent for the nanocomposite I produced during my PhD by South Africa, UK and USA, and the university poured funds into me moving to commercialisation (This happened after I wrote an email to the VC one 3 am. I woke up regretting how ‘harsh’ I had sounded and wanted to walk up to his office and ask him to delete the email before reading it - Long story 💀 But turns out I had just been assertive and not rude, so yay! “Sign here, here and here.”) In all the cities I went to this year, I wrote the way I think - endlessly, deeply and utterly silly sometimes. I wrote my heart out and fought hard against impostor syndrome. I finally published my 6th novel, made progress on The y in your man is silent 3, finished my other novel (Lelani), finished my non-fiction book (about my childhood) and wrote my novel (The Praying Mantis) on my Facebook page. And I got the Outstanding Author award, making me a Multi-award winner… It meant the world! I also finally stopped focusing on the next goal and slowed down. I savoured every moment as it happened and was present in real life. I looked out of airplane windows, went to spas regularly and drank a lot of tea. I also stopped trying to lose weight and ate my heart out. This year, I gave myself the love and kindness I give other people, and I was very gentle with myself. Through it all, God carried me and loved me as if I was His only creation. And I made many connections on and offline. And as always, I enjoyed Twitter a LOT. All that made the year so so beautiful 😍 Also refurnished my house and renovated just nje for no reason at all 🤭 Oh, and I LOVED and allowed myself to be LOVED 😍 And I took many pictures of innuendos 🤭🤣 Chilling and working just enough has been fun, but resting is over. Next year, we go hard!💪 The best is yet to come 🤞✨show more

🚨 Acapulco Gold 36% THCA – A Legendary Sativa... Return in Bulk! 🌟 Back by popular demand, don’t miss out on this iconic strain! Reintroducing the legendary **Acapulco Gold 36% THCA**, the latest sativa-dominant strain just restocked at Terp Supply Co. in bulk quantities! This iconic strain, known for its potent effects and rich history, delivers a robust **36% THCA** experience, perfect for those seeking a high-octane lift. 🌿 ✨ **Stunningly Beautiful Buds**: Acapulco Gold is a visual spectacle! These dense nugs feature vibrant green hues with hints of gold, accented by bright orange hairs and a thick, frosty trichome layer that glistens like a treasure from the past. It’s so pretty, you’ll want to admire it before lighting up! 😍 🍃 **Flavor & Aroma**: This strain offers a **sweet, earthy flavor** with spicy and piney undertones. The aroma fills the room with a pungent, hashy scent mixed with a hint of sweetness—a classic sativa profile. 🚀 **Effects**: With 36% THCA, Acapulco Gold delivers a **cerebral, uplifting high** that sparks creativity and energy, making it ideal for daytime use. Perfect for managing fatigue, stress, or enhancing productivity, and known for its mood-lifting properties. ⚠️ **Limited Inventory**: Stock is limited for this new drop, so don’t miss out! 🎉 **Exclusive Offer**: Check our website for special promos and discounts on this elite flower! 🤑 🏃‍♂️ Grab yours now, ships discreetly nationwide with COA. 📦 #AcapulcoGold #THCA #PrettyBuds #TerpSupplyCo #TerpTHCa #StonerFam #Mmemberville #frostynug #terpsupply #420Everyday #miami #Orlando #FtLauderdale #Chicago #nyc #tampa #bocaraton #boca #okc #Memphis #austin #atl #Minneapolis #Omaha #PremiumFlower #chitown #southbend #Peoria #Charlotte #Houston #MiamiBeach #Michigan #Jacksonville #htown #philly #420friendly #420community #tempe #Scottsdale #plugs #Boston #dallas #SANANTONIO #bronx #queensny *Note: For experienced users only. Check local laws before ordering. Must be 21+.show more

As Princess Catherine visited the Melin Tregwynt wool mill... in Wales today, celebrating Welsh textile, it is a great time to go back to her beautiful ancestry and how her love for British fashion and British textiles runs deep in her veins❤️ The Lupton dynasty of Yorkshire was a well-know wealthy family of politicians, magistrates, academics and mills owner in Leeds. Catherine’s Great-Great-Great Grandfather, Francis III Lupton was a manufacturer in Leeds with extensive knowledge of the cloth trade. He was the chairman of the finance committee of the Yorkshire college of science, sat on the board of the bank of Leeds and became a magistrate of the West Riding of Yorkshire. Francis III made his wealth as a cloth merchant and a landowner. When he died in 1884, he left £64,650, the equivalent of £5.7 million today to his eldest son Francis Martineau Lupton, also known as Frank Lupton👌🏽 Frank, was justice of the Peace for Leeds and the West Riding. He was an alderman and was deeply interested in the welfare of the poor. He dedicated his adulthood business and improving housing for poor working class❤️ Frank chaired the council’s unhealthy areas committee addressing the legacy of slum lord. In 1906, He wrote the book: “Housing Improvement: a summary of ten years’s work in Leeds”. How uncanny that Catherine ended up marrying a man who is also a housing reformer like her great great grandfather Francis Martineau, a Royal Airforce pilot like her grandfather Peter Middleton and a dedicated family man like her father Michael Middleton😍 Anyway, Francis Martineau Lupton became known as a housing reformer, a magistrate and a prominent mills owner in Leeds. He run the mill “William Lupton & Co” in Leeds alongside his brothers. Francis and his wife Harriet married in 1880 and had a beautiful family home, Rockland, where they lived with their 5 children, 3 boys and 2 girls. Unfortunately, Tragedy struck the family and changed the course of history for the Luptons. Harriet, his wife died in the childbirth in 1892💔 Then Francis’ Eldest son, Fran Lupton, was killed during WWII by a hand grenade at the age of 30💔 His second son, Maurice Lupton was actually the first one to die in WWII at the age of 28💔 His last son Lionel Lupton also died in WWII at the age of 24💔 That is how he lost all his sons in the war. When Francis died, he left the mills and his fortune amassed, £70,538 at the time, to his eldest daughter Olive Christiana Lupton, Micheal Middleton’s grandmother. Olive put the Lupton money accumulated in a Trust fund, to be inherited by her descendants. It became known as the Lupton Trust Fund🔥 Olive married solicitor Noel Middleton. He then became the director or the “William Lupton &Co”. That is how the tragic death of the 3 brothers Luptons, changed the name of the Lupton dynasty to Middleton👌🏽 Olive Lupton, now Olive Middleton died in 1936. Upon Olive’s death, Noel sold the William Lupton& Co to Pudsley Textiles firm AW Hainsworth in 1958 who still owns it. In 2023, Catherine paid a poignant visit to her old family mills during an engagement in Leeds❤️ This is how the Lupton Trustfund went down to Peter Middleton, Michael’s father, who also served as fighter jet pilot during WWII and copiloted a two month tour in South America with Prince Philip back in 1962. Michael Middleton is currently the one who inherited the trust fund worth millions of pound. That is how he paid for his Children’s private schools and their university. The Lupton trust fund is still in existence and accumulating interest. It is expected to be inherited by Catherine as the eldest daughter of Michael when the time comes. Thus, the love of British Textile and craftsmanship runs deep in Catherine’s veins thanks to her Lupton ancestry. Today, She demonstrated that by wearing a bespoke coat made from authentic vintage Welsh lambswool tapestry😍 #PrincessofWalesshow more

A little update on Yuki ❤ She's had a... few medicated baths along with her med's and is looking a lot cleaner. Her skin problems are also showing signs of improvement already 😍 At the moment she's still very fragile, but she has the will to get better 💪💪💪 At first, all she wanted to do was lay down in her bed, which is understandable because her body needs to start to recover. She's now started to take little walks, so we've covered her bare skin with a T-shirt to avoid sun burn. We're so happy that she's taking these little steps! 😍🐶🥰 Yuki's currently on 4 small meals of recovery food daily, to allow her stomach to get used to digesting again. She's actually getting up to go and eat when she smells the food now, which is wonderful 😊 She's still struggling to walk and has quite a way to go before she's fully fit, but all the signs seem to be good! She's definitely going in the right direction 😊💪🐶❤❤❤ Yuki is only one of many we're helping by providing food, shelter, veterinary care, medication and a dedicated team to give them all the love and care they need. We're almost running on empty and it's a constant struggle to bring in the donations we need to help them. ANY amount helps us to continue to do this work. We desperately need donations to get us from month to month! Without YOU we are nothing!🙏🏻 ❤ To support us you can donate here: Or follow the details on our website for bank transfer here: Thank you so much to all who contribute to take care of our beautiful rescues 🙏🏻 you're as much part of the team as we are! 🙏🏻🐶😺❤❤❤ Also, please kindly share to help us reach more people 🙏🏻🐶😺❤ #rescuedogs #animalrescue #dogsofbali #dogsofX #puppyloveshow more

You round the bend of that forgotten mountain trail,... boots crunching on pine needles, the air thick with the scent of damp earth and rushing water. The stream’s been whispering to you for miles—clear, cold, cutting through granite like it’s been waiting centuries just for this moment. Then you see it: a small carved-out alcove tucked right against the bank, maybe three feet deep and wide enough for one person to kneel, the rock smoothed by who-knows-how-many old-timers before you. Sunlight slants in like a spotlight, turning the water’s edge into liquid gold. Your pulse kicks up. This isn’t just a pretty spot. This is a natural sluice box, a hidden trap where the current slows, drops its heavy cargo, and leaves the black sand shimmering like midnight promises. You drop your pack, heart hammering. Modern panning isn’t the back-breaking pick-and-shovel grind of 1849 anymore—you’ve got the kit: a lightweight 22-inch ceramic pan with riffles that catch every speck, a classifier screen to sort out the big stuff in seconds, a snuffer bottle the size of your thumb, and maybe a tiny hand sluice you can prop in the alcove’s curve if the mood strikes. Gold’s sitting at over $5,100 an ounce right now—prices that would’ve made those Forty-Niners weep. One decent pinch of flakes and you’re already ahead of your coffee money. You scoop a panful of that dark, promising gravel right from the alcove’s lip, plunge it into the stream, and start the dance: tilt, swirl, dip, let the river do the work. Lighter sands and pebbles wash away in lazy spirals while the heavies—magnetite, hematite, and yes, maybe that telltale flash of yellow—sink to the bottom like they belong there. The excitement builds with every swirl. You see the first “color”—tiny glittering threads hugging the riffles. Another pan. More. The alcove’s geometry is perfect; the stream bends just enough here to drop the good stuff century after century. You’re grinning like a kid, knees wet, sun warm on your neck, imagining the nugget that’s been waiting since the last ice age. A full vial after an hour? Two? The daydream races: sell it raw, melt it into a ring, or just keep it in a jar on the shelf as proof you outsmarted the mountains. Modern tools make it feel almost too easy—apps on your phone showing public claim maps, lightweight gear that fits in a daypack, even a cheap UV light to spot fluorescent tracers if you get fancy. This alcove could be your lucky strike. The thrill is electric. Here’s the straight truth, though, whispered like the stream itself: no, modern hand-panning isn’t a lucrative feat. Not in the “quit your job and buy a yacht” way. The average recreational panner pulls about 0.041 grams an hour in decent ground—that’s roughly twenty bucks at today’s prices, before gas, food, and the sheer sweat equity. A banner day in a rich pocket might net you a gram or two (maybe $160–$170), enough to cover your weekend and leave a little sparkle in your pocket. But most folks walk away with beautiful memories, a few flakes, and the quiet satisfaction of having chased the dream instead of scrolling on the couch. The real gold? The peace, the exercise, the story you’ll tell when you get home with wet boots and a grin you can’t wipe off. So yeah… that carved-out alcove next to the stream? It’s calling. Grab your pan, let the excitement build, and go see what the river’s been hiding. Just don’t quit your day job—let the mountains pay you in wonder instead.show more

The multi-leader blockchain endgame: competitive information inclusion as a... self-reinforcing mechanism for global price discovery - how we got here, and why Aptos is leading the charge Onchain trading is the killer app In the nine years since the launch of programmable transactions on the Ethereum blockchain, onchain trading has revealed itself as the killer use case for blockchains: onchain listings, volume, and total value locked are all growing with no signs of slowing down, due to the censorship-resistant, permissionless, 24/7/365 qualities afforded by decentralized (DeFi) systems. Monolithic parallelism is key In 2020 Solana was first to market with monolithic, parallel execution (as opposed sharded execution which offers parallelism by partitioning global state into separate information silos), establishing a new design paradigm that raised the bar for throughput and latency: put all of the information in one replicated state machine and make it run as fast as possible. This design produces a single, global hub for activity, liquidity, and token launches, a kind of financial data whiteboard in the sky, where anyone can come and trade at any time with everybody else who has plugged into the system. DEXes are becoming more competitive Historically decentralized systems have been juxtaposed with centralized ones since the latter eliminates the overhead associated with distributed systems coordination. And yet despite this overhead, Solana as a decentralized exchange (DEX) is still pulling in billions of trading volume per day, exceeding that of all but the largest centralized crypto exchanges (CEXs), that simply can't compete with the giant DEX in the sky on token listings or fees. After all, CEXs have to pay for server space, salaries, and lawyers, while a DEX outsources everything. The colocation arms race The one place where CEXs have an advantage over DEXs is on end-to-end latency for colocation applications, or in other words: someone sets up a trading bot in the same data center as the exchange, and their trades get to the exchange faster than everyone else's. When there is only one data ingestion point the fastest trader wins, and after the arms race has played out everyone ends up huddling around the trading hub, effectively cutting off the rest of the world from playing the latency trading game. This is the model that traditional securities exchanges like the Nasdaq or the NYSE 🏛 employ, and because they own the server they can effectively charge whatever they want for access to it. The colocation arms race is also why L2s will probably never decentralize: running the sequencer is practically the same as running the NASDAQ, with the same monopoly on transaction fees collected from a nearby cluster of trading bots (I understand from conversations with Logan Jastremski that the Arbitrum arms race has already hit a Nash Equilibrium in Portland, Oregon). Colocation is a trap But once the colocation arms race has played out, trades become less about incorporating new information in the market and more about skimming off the top by spoofing all of the trades coming in from the other bots. High-frequency trading (HFT) bots located in the NYSE New Jersey data center, for example, are constantly placing buys and sell orders that they have no intention of executing, just to spoof the other colocated bots who are playing the same adversarial game. Information inclusion, on the other hand, the synthesis of real-time world events into prices, takes a back seat because anyone who tries to include new information first needs to batch up their order and send it through a series of middlemen before it ultimately ends up on the exchange: you, I, or practically any other individual can not actually "trade on the NASDAQ", no, we have to express our intent to someone like Robinhood, who then sells our order flow to @CitadelSecurities, who then sends it to the exchange, oh and by the way it doesn't actually even "clear" or "settle" once it "executes" because for whatever reason the whole systems splits these things up and prevents them from happening instantaneously even though it's 2024 and we have computers. Onchain trading cuts out middlemen This whole mess is why we have onchain trading, and why it's starting to win: if you want a mainline to the exchange, without setting up a server, and you want to trade on a news event without getting immediately frontrun by an HFT bot that is sniffing out the trades of every other HFT bot who is easing in batched up order flow on their own terms, then you submit your order to a node in the blockchain and the information gets included in the price upon ingestion. Oh, and by the way the trade is actually fully complete: settled, cleared, reconciled, done, whatever you want to call it, because the people who build decentralized finance (DeFi) build it how it should actually work, not in a way that creates a million incumbents and charges exorbitant rents for access to the system. Onchain trading better for price discovery And the beautiful part about this is that even if a distributed system has more latency than a centralized system, DeFi still ends up incorporating more information into the price faster than centralized finance, because with DeFi the information gets included in the system as soon as it is submitted, not after it has been batched up and sent through a series of middlemen. The consensus mechanism of the blockchain disseminates the information around the world in the form of a price update, while the centralized exchange model requires information about the event to first get propagate to the region of the trading hub, then to get submitted to the colocation server. This means that in terms of global price discovery, onchain trading is strictly a better system because the entire consensus model is based around accelerated information propagation. Because price discovery is a global phenomenon, blockchains, which are global, are actually better than the centralized status quo, on a performance basis, not just from an ideological or convenience-based view. And it has to be multi-leader In practice, effective global information synthesis of information has an additional key requirement: multi-leader architecture. That is, in a single-leader blockchain like Solana, where one validator at a time has a monopoly on ordering transactions into blocks, for their duration as a leader they effectively function as a colocation server. This means that if the current leader is in New York, someone in Singapore who wants to trade on local news as soon as it breaks will still need to get their order all the way around the world to the leader, who is effectively serving as the chain's data ingestion point, before the order can start propagating through the network. But this is issue solved by the introduction of multiple distributed leaders, because then anyone with access to new information can submit their order to the leader closest to them, yielding faster information inclusion in the form of price updates. Multi-leader is also required for fair markets A multi-leader architecture is also required for fair markets, because in a single-leader system the leader has the power to censor transactions, reorder them to their advantage, or even replace transactions with copycats that extract maximum value by replacing the sender's address with their own. For example if someone wants to capture an arbitrage opportunity between two onchain DEXes, they'll need to submit a transaction to the leader and trust that the leader won't simply copy the transaction and submit it themselves. But when there are two or more leaders, users whose transactions are censored by one leader will simply work with a different leader the next time around, eventually cutting off transaction fee flow to the extractive leader. Beyond just strict inclusion, in a multi-leader architecture validators are also forced to compete with each other on latency, because the leader who is fastest at disseminating users' transactions across the network will over time gobble up the largest share of the order flow. Transparent priority fees are a must, or a private mempool will emerge But in order to make this work, a multi-leader architecture must also offer users the ability to pay priority fees AKA "tips" or "bribes" to move their transaction to the front of the line: if there is a $5 arbitrage opportunity onchain, users need to have assurance that they if they pay a 4.99 priority fee to take that arb, they will get priority over a different user who is only willing to tip 4.98. If the native blockchain system does not offer this fair market priority fee mechanism, then it is only a matter of time before one spontaneously emerges in the form of a private mempool like Jito, which can create centralization pressures and undermine the integrity of the system as a whole. Competitive payment for order flow is the stable solution With the right architecture in place, the end result is a competitive environment where endpoints running maximum extractable value (MEV) bots compete with one to offer users the best price for their order flow. In other words, if a user wants to submit an order that can get sandwich attacked for as much as $2 of MEV, then the order should ultimately go to the endpoint bot that is willing to pay the user as much as $1.99 for the right to process their transaction. The price that the provider is willing to pay is ultimately a function of how much in priority fees they might need to pay to the current leader (0 they are the current one), but notably at each stage there is a competitive market for order flow, whether in the form of retail trader's orders, or priority fees among bots that might be forwarding orders to one of the leaders. AptosLabs is already building all this With a public mempool and transaction priority fees, Aptos additionally includes a pipelined architecture that already includes concurrent batching of transactions into blocks, with a single consensus leader who propagates the batched blocks out to the network. And the team is already researching running multiple instances of the consensus algorithm in parallel, yielding multiple consensus leaders who can compete with each other on latency and inclusion - just ask pranav | Shelby, Alexander Spiegelman, and Zekun Li. This means that block times can shrink as the number of consensus leaders grows, with each leader having its own geographical radius of inclusion beyond which it makes more sense to submit to a different leader. The starting point? Something like 60 ms blocks and 3 consensus leaders, partitioning the global information space into competitive and constantly-rotating regions of information inclusion. Messaging is important With concurrent pipelined transaction batching, a public mempool, priority fees, and a clear path to a multi-leader architecture, Aptos leads the industry in onchain trading infrastructure that can truly supplant the centralized colocation paradigm that has heretofore dominated global finance - by offering a truly superior product. And I am hopeful that this deep dive is the first step in communicating not how or that superior product is getting built, but what it means from a bigger picture perspective. If blockchains have found product market fit in anything, it is in trading, and the trading game can only be won by building the biggest, baddest, most high performance system that has as its north star a single, concrete goal: constantly reducing, ever lower toward zero, time time it takes to incorporate information from anywhere in the world into the global price discovery computer. Whoever does this, even 1 ms faster than the competitor, wins the price discovery game, as other blockchains are left in the dust, their DEXes arbed away to zero against the fastest chain on the block. And sure, the blockchain that can rise to this challenge can also handle useful things like payments, NFTs, or other solutions that benefit from permissionlessness and low gas costs, but I want to impress that at the core of this pursuit must be the urge to drive down information inclusion latency to the absolute minimum afforded by the laws of physics through a competitive, market-driven environment. I call on avery.apt 🇺🇸 , CTO of Aptos Labs, to lean in on this messaging, to make it clear that Aptos is here for this singular mission, to build the most performant price discovery engine in history, as a rallying call for alignment in development efforts across the ecosystem and broader industry. Where does this go? As the latencies drop, the spreads tighten, and the information inclusion increases with every incremental increase in network bandwidth, we can expect a new class of competing techno-financial hubs that aggregate around the world's largest information sources: New York, Washington DC, London, Tokyo, etc., commanding stake distribution commensurate with the density of information flow in these respective locales. With the right incentives in place, competing concurrent leaders will invest ever more in infrastructure to get their packets out to the network faster than the rest, yielding clusters of fiber optic cable around the world's financial hubs, neurons in the global financial brain connecting not just HFT firms to servers in their city, but connecting every city with every other city, to move pricing information across oceans and continents. And retail traders, who have been left out of the colocation game, will only benefit: this entire system gets faster, more inclusive, with tighter spreads and lower fees, and it is such an amazing opportunity to watch all of this unfold in real time. The future of blockchains is the future of trading, is the future of competitive information inclusion in real-time, is the future of truly unified global markets, because at the the core of this industry is a simple idea: connect the computers, and see where the incentives lead. They lead to this, and Aptos is leading the charge, because its tech is purpose-built for this exact purpose. So tell the world about it.show more

Akira Kurosawa on his experience watching 'Solaris' (1972) &... drinking vodka with Andrei Tarkovsky in Moscow: "I met Tarkovsky for the first time when I attended my welcome luncheon at the Mosfilm during my first visit to Soviet Russia. He was small, thin, looked a little frail, and at the same time exceptionally intelligent, and unusually shrewd and sensitive. I thought he somehow resembled Toru Takemitsu, but I don’t know why. Then he excused himself saying, “I still have work to do,” and disappeared, and after a while I heard such a big explosion as to make all the glass windows of the dining hall tremble hard. Seeing me taken aback, the boss of the Mosfilm said with a meaningful smile: “You know another world war does not break out. Tarkovsky just launched a rocket. This work with Tarkovsky, however, has proved a Great War for me.” That was the way I knew Tarkovsky was shooting 'Solaris' (1972). After the luncheon party, I visited his set for Solaris. There it was. I saw a burnt down rocket was there at the corner of the space station set. I am sorry I forgot to ask him as to how he had shot the launching of the rocket on the set. The set of the satellite base was beautifully made at a huge cost, for it was all made up of thick duralumin. It glittered in its cold metallic silver light, and I found light rays of red, or blue or green delicately winking or waving from electric light bulbs buried in the gagues on the equipment lined up in there. And above on the ceiling of the corridor ran two duralumin rails from which hanged a small wheel of a camera which could move around freely inside the satellite base. Tarkovsky guided me around the set, explaining to me as cheerfully as a young boy who is given a golden opportunity to show someone his favorite toybox. Bondarchuk, who came with me, asked him about the cost of the set, and left his eyes wide open when Tarkovsky answered it. The cost was so huge: about six hundred million yen as to make Bondarchuk, who directed that grand spectacle of a movie “War and Peace,” agape in wonder. Now I came to fully realize why the boss of the Mosfilm said it was “a Great War for me.” But it takes a huge talent and effort to spend such a huge cost. Thinking “This is a tremendous task” I closely gazed at his back when he was leading me around the set in enthusiasm. Concerning Solaris, I find many people complaining that it is too long, but I do not think so. They especially find too lengthy the description of nature in the introductory scenes, but these layers of memory of farewell to this earthly nature submerge themselves deep below the bottom of the story after the main character has been sent in a rocket into the satellite station base in the universe, and they almost torture the soul of the viewer like a kind of irresistible nostalghia toward mother earth nature, which resembles homesickness. Without the presence of beautiful nature sequences on earth as a long introduction, you could not make the audience directly conceive the sense of having-no-way-out harboured by the people “jailed” inside the satellite base. I saw this film late at night in a preview room in Moscow for the first time, and soon I felt my heart aching in agony with a longing to returning to the earth as quickly as possible. Marvellous progress in science we have been enjoying, but where will it lead humanity after all? Sheer fearful emotion this film succeeds in conjuring up in our soul. Without it, a science fiction movie would be nothing more than a petty fancy. These thoughts came and went while I was gazing at the screen. Tarkovsky was together with me then. He was at the corner of the studio. When the film was over, he stood up, looking at me as if he felt timid. I said to him, “Very good. It makes me feel real fear.” Tarkovsky smiled shyly, but happily. And we toasted vodka at the restaurant in the Film Institute. Tarkovsky, who didn’t drink usually, drank a lot of vodka, and went so far as to turn off the speaker from which music had floated into the restaurant, and began to sing the theme of samurai from Seven Samurai at the top of his voice. As if to rival him, I joined in. For I was at that moment very happy to find myself living on Earth. Solaris makes a viewer feel this, and even this single fact shows us that Solaris is no ordinary SF film. It truly somehow provokes pure horror in our soul. And it is under the total grip of the deep insights of Tarkovsky. There must be many, many things still unknown to humanity in this world: the abyss of the cosmos which a man had to look into, strange visitors in the satellite base, time running in reverse, from death to life, strangely moving sense of levitation, his home which is in the mind of the main character in the satellite station is wet and soaked with water. It seems to me to be sweat and tears that in his heartbreaking agony he squeezed out of his whole being. And what makes us shudder is the shot of the location of Akasakamitsuke, Tokyo, Japan. By a skillful use of mirrors, he turned flows of head lights and tail lamps of cars, multiplied and amplified, into a vintage image of the future city. Every shot of Solaris bears witness to the almost dazzling talents inherent in Tarkovsky. Many people grumble that Tarkovsky’s films are difficult, but I don’t think so. His films just show how extraordinarily sensitive Tarkovsky is. He made a film titled 'Mirror' (1975) after Solaris. Mirror deals with his cherished memories in his childhood, and many people say again it is disturbingly difficult. Yes, at a glance, it seems to have no rational development in its storytelling. But we have to remember: it is impossible that in our soul our childhood memories should arrange themselves in a static, logical sequence. A strange train of fragments of early memory images shattered and broken can bring about the poetry in our infancy. Once you are convinced of its truthfulness, you may find Mirror the easiest film to understand. But Tarkovsky remains silent, without saying things like that at all. His very attitude makes me believe that he has wonderful potentials in his future. There can be no bright future for those who are ready to explain everything about their own film." ("Akira Kurosawa on watching ‘Solaris’ with Andrei Tarkovsky", Cinephilia & Beyond)show more

Hey True Earthers... If you get tired of globers... bitching about a model, or sunrise angles, or star trails, or sunlight, or eclipses, anyone can ALWAYS reference THIS MODEL The reason it is called "Shane's Mode;" is strictly so YOU can use it, and I can take all the criticism, insults, ridicule, jokes, attacks, etc. The general idea is that the community gets the considerable benefit of presenting an accurate model and using it to explain several normal phenomena at once. Then, only I get the drawbacks of all that will surely come from it, and everyone else will benefit. I planned it this way, because I largely don't care about what any of the globers piling the hate over here so we can press forward. Or.. you know, f*ck me for saying the word model, and for bendy light or for whatever. If that's the case, no hard feelings. One last thing, the smaller dome in the model simply represents the limit of an observers view, a spherical limit with a radius of 3959. The math that supports that is here... and here. The descriptions are entirely reworked, mostly spelling error free, and entirely plausible. So feel free to bring it up in debates, forums, streams, podcasts, or whatever you like. The model adequately emulates and explains all of these observations: Sunrise, Sunset, Moonrise, Moonset, Moon Phases, Moon's apparent rotation, Sun's position on Equinox, Seasons, some aspects of Solar and Lunar Eclipses, Star trails, 24 hours Day/Night at the North-pole and Antarctica, Celestial Poles, Why people south of the equator can see the same Stars rotate clockwise around a singe celestial pole at the same time at different continents [Southern Cross Observations] Cheers everyone! The FULL Description is below, and it is LONG. Sorry. The Model This model does not assume a physical Sun nor Moon which will show a collective convergence for every observer on Earth. It only matches their apparent positions as observed across the plane. The Bislin model acknowledges this and moves all celestial bodies to a nearly infinite distance away. This does nothing more than create a triangle large enough that you can mathematically abstract your way into the inverse of everything you experience. The truth is there is a limit to one's visual space. And this limit is necessarily geometrically spherical. Because one never observes objects in anything but their 'apparent location' within one's personal celestial sphere, there is no need to explain a tiny ball of heat mysteriously powering itself along at 3100 miles above the plane. This is not reality. We feel we only have to model the exact apparent position for each observer. We do not have to provide an explanation for what you think should be required. This model relays the apparent size and positions of Sun, Moon and star constellations. It depicts their paths as well as the day-night terminator. Simply by observing reality and plotting that data on a planar map we demonstrate that the Sun, Moon and stars can move beyond the limit of one's vision and become unresolvable by the naked eye. We show how this can be conflated with the assertion that objects ACTUALLY drop down below the horizon when, in reality, they are only apparently dipping below the horizon when exceed limit of your vision. It is elegantly simple and easy to understand without the bullshit. Sun/Moon tracks: In 24 hours, the fixed stars rotate about 1 degree more than 360 degrees so that, in 365.25 days, the star constellations return to the same place in the sky. This is seen by incrementally advancing DayOfYear (click the field and use Arrow Up or Down). The Dome grid will advance each day by about 1 degree. Advance the time in 24 hours steps and the Sun noticeably moves between the Solstice lines. The Sun will also trace a figure 8. This is caused by the Sun's Ecliptic plane at 23.44 degrees to the orbital plane. The paths of the Sun and Moon are visible against the fixed star background (Dome Grid) by checking the options Sun track and Moon track. For a description of the tracks, click the Eclipses button. They correspond to observable reality. The tracks are derived from the solar and lunar cycles and are absolutely not exclusive to either model. It would be extremely dishonest to claim anything else. Sorry, Walter. Retrograde Motion of the Moon's track: The Sun's path stays fixed on the Dome Grid. But, the Moon's path slowly rotates retrograde against the Dome Grid and rotates one full rotation in 6,798 days. This is due to the oscillation and intersection of the Moon's orbit caused by the distant Sun. Currently, the Moon Ecliptic is such that the path of the Moon extends the path of the Sun, North/South, by about five degrees. Approximately 3,400 days later, the path of the Moon moves inside the path of the Sun by about 5 degrees. This observation is simply translated to the planar model. Eclipses: The intersection points of the Sun and Moon's paths are called Knots. Two Knots are marked by a green dot. If the Sun and Moon are on two opposing Knots, a Lunar Eclipse occurs. The Sun and Moon on the same Knot will result in a Solar Eclipse (play Demo Eclipses from Step 6 on). This Flat Earth model can predict Solar and Lunar Eclipses. It can also absolutely predict the optical effect conflated with the Moon's alleged shadow on Earth during a Solar Eclipses or vice versa. It uses a ratio of the cycle that is based on the radius of a shadow, as postulated by Phillippe de La Hire, in the 1700s. It was first calculated for a Lunar Eclipse. But, the ratio applies to all future eclipses which belong to an appropriate series. This ratio is then applied to the predicted path to dynamically widen or shorten the path in order to accommodate the penumbral and umbral radial intersection as a visible sphere on the plane. We then apply this integer as a scalar to correctly approximate the size of the optical effects conflated with shadows. All of the maps onto which the eclipse can be projected use the same globular coordinate system, unfortunately. Now, it can be shown that heliocentrism cannot predict eclipses at all. They can only interpret the cycle data in the same way the ancients did and apply more refined mathematics. Moon Phases and Orientation: The model shows the Moon phases and the orientation of the Moon with respect to the Observer's horizon. The apparent rotation of the Moon during the day is due to the fact that the camera's up vector remains perpendicular to the surface of Earth while following the path of the Moon. This perfectly matches reality. Equinox: This model produces the correct apparent Sun positions during an Equinox. The Sun rises due East at 6:00 AM and sets due West at 6:00 PM. Poles: This model produces a 24 hour day and night on the North Pole and in Antarctica. Heliocentric Model: Simple observations mathematically translated to this planar projection perfectly map the paths of the Sun, Moon and stars (star trails) as they appear to the Observer inside their personal celestial sphere. As with all other celestial observations, the Equinox, the Solstice Knots and the Day-Night terminator can be derived from basic observation and data applied to the planar projection. No need for baseless assumption. The Heliocentric model utterly fails here. Newton's laws can be reduced to exclude mass and still manage to describe the same periodicity and, thusly, the same relationship. No need for an exclusivity claim here at all, is there, Walter? Shapes on the Dome: The shape of Sun, Moon and star constellations appear on the personal celestial sphere exactly as they do in reality, and when projected onto the globe. Again, because we invoke the same radius to describe the spherical limit of our celestial view, the very same observations become easily explainable when using all of the normal conventions, with no need to invent branches of physics and invert reality. All features of this model are derived only from observations of the sky. Observations of the sky have always been kinematically equivalent - equally applicable to geocentric and heliocentric model. This was rather the point of the invention of Special and General Relativity (nonsense). Problems with the Shane's Flat Earth Model Distances: Many people misunderstand distances on map projections. On the AE map, distances measured in an exactly North-South direction are correct. Other measurements are also proportionately correct. Data translation between projections is tied to the coordinates we use. The longitude and latitude we use in any of the appropriate 200 map projections will ensure the distances between those points remain accounted for, at scale. Please learn how map scaling works if this seems inadequate to you. Only an absolute moron would expect visual distance to be equal in an equal area, or equal distance, cartographic transformation. Right, Walter? Personal Celestial Sphere: The Sun and Moon trace specific paths across the celestial sphere. The paths of the celestial bodies are directly mapped from observation to the planar projection. They also follow the cycle of the Heavens, with no need for gravity, Newton, nor the very lackluster performance of gravity based predictions of systems with 2 or more bodies. It was jaw dropping to see that poor Walter actually wrote that gravity caused this. I assume it was because he knew he would never have to answer any challenges. Show me the math which uses the gravitation from all of the forces Walter listed and I will immediately remove this section. Moon Phases and Field Rotation: Moon phase and apparent orientation, as shown, perfectly represent what every observer on Earth sees, correct to their location. The 15 year solar cycle and the 18 (10/11) month lunar cycle have been understood for so long that people eventually forgot and are now incorrectly perceive their paths. Only in modernity do the vast majority of people wander about under their own personal clock without the ability to read it. How sad. The Day/Night Terminator: The shape that matches reality is a bit peculiar and it changes over the course of a year. The shape not only depends on the location of the Sun but its height and speed as well. Again, we know the Sun circles the plane at a 23.4 degree tilt. And this perfectly defines the terminator line. There is absolutely no reason to invoke bendy light in order to explain any of these observations. The model simply matches what we see. It represents reality. Missing The Third Dimension: We need to correct the inherent misunderstanding in the assumption of the physicality of any 'dome'. Modeled here is a personal celestial sphere. It uses a radius. It just so happens that Shane has been arguing this concept and this radius since the day he showed Walter Bislan's model as evidence, amid the jeers of the uneducated masses. As it turns out, the personal celestial sphere is a visual limit imposed on one's spherical view of the heavens. It most simply describes the particular visible slice of the heavens. And it moves that amount with you where ever you go. This is such an elegant, beautiful explanation to what had been perplexing the flat Earth community for years: how the stars work. The personal celestial sphere, once properly understood, is a perfect explanation for everything we see in the sky. It explains the curved nature of the arcs of summer and winter, the behaviors of the Sun and Moon, as well as the apparent non movement of the static stars in relation to each other. Every single stellar observation is explained as well as, if not better than, any Heliocentric explanation. Any person who incorrectly assumes a visual distance scale also assumes things to be visually identical in size and demonstrates a massive misunderstanding of proper distance scaling inherent in all map projections - particularly in the AE map. It's as if everyone has forgotten that the AE map is equal to the Globe map, which is also equal to 199 other map projections. The choice of projection does not matter. They are all the same. They all represent the same distances. We can make predictions based on cycles as well as the next guy. So, we wont need help there. As we keep saying, every observation in the sky is equal between geocentric and heliocentric perspectives. People seem to be INTENTIONALLY misunderstanding that, at this point. Light-Bending: absolutely not required in any way shape nor form. Observable reality matches the model in every way; I cannot imagine a better fit. To now try to invent a need for bendy light would only publicly highlight the ineptitude of a lower tier glober - and their inability to learn and adapt, a vital skill in these times. Our model perfectly represents azimuth and elevation of every celestial object in its apparent position. This is all that we ever see. There is no need to explain what has never been observed. The visualization of the South Pole in action is actually what brought Shane to the ultimate understanding of the celestial wheels. So, thank you again, Walter! Light Bending Over Night-Shadow: to match the 24 hour Daylight in Antarctica data from the light forms a shape congruent to a coffee cup caustic effect. Shadows Of Eclipses: although this model can predict the date of Eclipses, it was argued that it can be used for nothing else. Please check the provided links to review the absurdity of those claims. Conclusion Some observations, like the positions of the Sun, Moon and Star Constellations as well as Sun/Moon-rise/set can be explained by a Flat Earth Model - if we allow ourselves to adhere to the mathematical principle of equivalence. What a concession. Some final thoughts: 1) Distances on the AE Map are 100% 1:1 equivalent when you comprehend how to accordingly use the scale provided with the ruler which represents longitude. 2) LEARN ABOUT MAPS. Hopefully, the covariant scaling and lossless unlimited translations between the projections will teach you this valuable lesson. Equinox, Solstice, Azimuth, Elevation This model draws a perfectly circular orbit of the Earth around the Sun and a perfectly circular orbit of the Moon around the globe Earth. This is because the planar Earth has no moronic need for elipicity because they didn't back themselves into a logical corner by making shit up. This model chooses to match: Spring Equinox at 12:00 UT, March 20, 2017 Solar Eclipse at 18:00 UTC, August 21, 2017 Azimuth and Elevation of the Sun and Moon are also slightly inaccurate (according to the assumed Heliocentric requirement) due to the use of circular instead of elliptical orbits. This affects also Moon phase. Computing Day-Night Terminator The Day-Night terminator is derived from to match reality as follows: 1. A circle perpendicular to the Earth-Sun axis in the Sun coordinate system is computed depending on the Sun's position at a point in time relative to the intersection knot of the Equatorial plane of the Earth and the ecliptic plane of the Sun. This is entirely possible in both models. 2. This circle is then transformed to the globe Earth coordinate system. There is no way around using this coordinate system. If Walter Bislan comes asking for his source code, tell him thank again, from shane. Any questions can be sent to [email protected]show more