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A look at the muscles at work during arm flexion and extension. Flexion activates the biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, and extensor carpi radialis brevis, while extension engages the triceps brachii and anconeus.

74,381 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr •via X (Twitter)

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Scientific research revealed that almost all bowling actions contained some degree of straightening at the elbow (referred to in these Illegal Bowling Regulations as “Elbow Extension”). In theory, therefore, the vast majority of bowlers, with actions considered by umpires to be legal under the Laws of Cricket, were contravening Law 24(3) each time they delivered the ball. It was also demonstrated in studies by human movement specialists that such Elbow Extension in a bowling action became noticeable to the naked eye – and started to look like a throw – when it exceeded 15 degrees. In order to ensure that the intention behind Law 24(2) was upheld and that the distinction between bowling and throwing the ball remained, the ICC has introduced regulations stipulating a maximum degree of permitted Elbow Extension in a bowling action. As with other regulations and Playing Conditions issued by the ICC, these Illegal Bowling Regulations modify the Laws of Cricket as applied to cricket played under the ICC’s jurisdiction. An Illegal Bowling Action is defined in these Illegal Bowling Regulations as a bowling action where a bowler’s Elbow Extension exceeds 15 degrees, measured from the point at which the bowling arm reaches the horizontal until the point at which the ball is released (any Elbow Hyperextension shall be discounted for the purposes of determining an Illegal Bowling Action). According to the Suspect Bowling Action procedure, delivering the ball without elbow extension is acceptable. Key Factors Elbow Flexion Angle (Degrees) - Upper arm horizontal ( Max - Min ) - Ball Release - Elbow Extension Note :- 4.1.2 in the event of a Player being reported during a Match in a Major ICC Event, the Independent Assessment shall be carried out on an expedited basis. Accordingly, unless exceptional circumstances exist, the Independent Assessment shall be carried out within a period of 72 hours from the time of the ICC’s receipt of the Match Officials’ Report;

Rashid Latif | 🇵🇰

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