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Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) and Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) are both used to measure the effectiveness of a treatment in clinical studies. ARR measures the absolute difference in risk between control groups, providing the true reduction. RRR measures the proportional reduction relative to the control group, often making effects...

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Kelly DNP Functional/Integrative Medicine

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16,867 views • 4 months ago •via X (Twitter)

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How Pfizer duped billions via statistical manipulation: Pfizer reported that its vaccine shows a 95% efficacy. That sounds like it protects you 95% of the time, right? But that's not actually what that number means. That 95% refers to the relative risk reduction, but it doesn't tell you how much your overall risk is reduced by vaccination. For that, we need absolute risk reduction. In the Pfizer trial, 8 out of 18,198 people who were given the vaccine developed COVID-19. In the unvaccinated placebo group, 162 people got it, which means that even without the vaccine, the risk of contracting COVID-19 was extremely low at 0.88%, which the vaccine then reduced to 0.04%. So the net benefit or the absolute risk reduction that you're being offered with a Pfizer vaccine is 0.84%. That 95% number, that refers to the relative difference between 0.88 and 0.04%. That's what they call 95% relative risk reduction. And relative risk reduction is well known to be a misleading number, which is why the FDA recommends using absolute risk reduction instead, which begs the question, how many people would have chosen to take the COVID-19 vaccines had they understood that they offered less than 1% benefit? You're entitled to know the risks and side effects. In Canada, any potentially serious risk must be disclosed.
1:26

How Pfizer duped billions via statistical manipulation: Pfizer reported that its vaccine shows a 95% efficacy. That sounds like it protects you 95% of the time, right? But that's not actually what that number means. That 95% refers to the relative risk reduction, but it doesn't tell you how much your overall risk is reduced by vaccination. For that, we need absolute risk reduction. In the Pfizer trial, 8 out of 18,198 people who were given the vaccine developed COVID-19. In the unvaccinated placebo group, 162 people got it, which means that even without the vaccine, the risk of contracting COVID-19 was extremely low at 0.88%, which the vaccine then reduced to 0.04%. So the net benefit or the absolute risk reduction that you're being offered with a Pfizer vaccine is 0.84%. That 95% number, that refers to the relative difference between 0.88 and 0.04%. That's what they call 95% relative risk reduction. And relative risk reduction is well known to be a misleading number, which is why the FDA recommends using absolute risk reduction instead, which begs the question, how many people would have chosen to take the COVID-19 vaccines had they understood that they offered less than 1% benefit? You're entitled to know the risks and side effects. In Canada, any potentially serious risk must be disclosed.

Camus

44,169 views • 11 months ago

The Conclusion is Inescapable: When You Replace the 50% Relative Risk with the 2% Absolute Risk, the COVID Vaccine Narrative Collapses. This was the great statistical deception deployed for the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Regulators and pharmaceutical companies had a choice: report Absolute Risk Reduction (the real-world benefit) or Relative Risk Reduction (the impressive-sounding headline). They consistently chose the latter to frame the vaccines as a monumental success. Let's break down the math that shaped global policy: • Absolute Risk (The Truth in Context): If your risk of symptomatic COVID drops from a baseline of 3% to 1% after the shot, that is a 2% Absolute Risk Reduction. This is the tangible difference for an individual. • Relative Risk (The Manipulated Headline): That same change is spun as a "50% improvement." The benefit appears revolutionary, while the real-world impact for the individual is far more modest. This was not a minor oversight. It was a calculated communication strategy that obscured the true, absolute benefit of the mRNA products. As analyst Leslie Manookian warned, those who read the initial trial data saw this immediately. The primary endpoint was the reduction of mild symptoms, yet the efficacy was marketed to the public using this statistical sleight-of-hand. The story of overwhelming, individual benefit only holds under the lens of relative risk. Under the harsh, transparent light of absolute risk, the narrative shifts dramatically. Demanding this transparency for COVID-19 vaccines isn't anti-science—it is the bedrock of true scientific and informed consent.
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The Conclusion is Inescapable: When You Replace the 50% Relative Risk with the 2% Absolute Risk, the COVID Vaccine Narrative Collapses. This was the great statistical deception deployed for the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Regulators and pharmaceutical companies had a choice: report Absolute Risk Reduction (the real-world benefit) or Relative Risk Reduction (the impressive-sounding headline). They consistently chose the latter to frame the vaccines as a monumental success. Let's break down the math that shaped global policy: • Absolute Risk (The Truth in Context): If your risk of symptomatic COVID drops from a baseline of 3% to 1% after the shot, that is a 2% Absolute Risk Reduction. This is the tangible difference for an individual. • Relative Risk (The Manipulated Headline): That same change is spun as a "50% improvement." The benefit appears revolutionary, while the real-world impact for the individual is far more modest. This was not a minor oversight. It was a calculated communication strategy that obscured the true, absolute benefit of the mRNA products. As analyst Leslie Manookian warned, those who read the initial trial data saw this immediately. The primary endpoint was the reduction of mild symptoms, yet the efficacy was marketed to the public using this statistical sleight-of-hand. The story of overwhelming, individual benefit only holds under the lens of relative risk. Under the harsh, transparent light of absolute risk, the narrative shifts dramatically. Demanding this transparency for COVID-19 vaccines isn't anti-science—it is the bedrock of true scientific and informed consent.

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25,891 views • 11 months ago

📣 Excited to share our real-world study of an LLM clinical copilot, a collab between OpenAI and Penda Health. Across 39,849 live patient visits, clinicians with AI had a 16% relative reduction in diagnostic errors and a 13% reduction in treatment errors vs. those without. 🧵
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📣 Excited to share our real-world study of an LLM clinical copilot, a collab between OpenAI and Penda Health. Across 39,849 live patient visits, clinicians with AI had a 16% relative reduction in diagnostic errors and a 13% reduction in treatment errors vs. those without. 🧵

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493,743 views • 1 year ago

Congratulations India!! A Proud Moment for Nation !! Dr. Mrutyunjay Mohapatra, Director General of Meteorology, India Meteorological Department has received the prestigious United Nations Sasakawa Award-2025 for Disaster Risk Reduction! A huge step forward in global disaster risk reduction efforts!
5:14

Congratulations India!! A Proud Moment for Nation !! Dr. Mrutyunjay Mohapatra, Director General of Meteorology, India Meteorological Department has received the prestigious United Nations Sasakawa Award-2025 for Disaster Risk Reduction! A huge step forward in global disaster risk reduction efforts!

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37,254 views • 1 year ago

🇳🇵 The floods in Nepal have claimed 157 lives, with 826 people listed as missing, according to the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority.
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🇳🇵 The floods in Nepal have claimed 157 lives, with 826 people listed as missing, according to the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority.

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Strengthening the global commitment to disaster resilience! The Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group established under India's Presidency has encouraged collective work by the #G20 in a comprehensive and sustained manner. Let's take a brief look at the accomplishments of this new Working Group! #G20India
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Strengthening the global commitment to disaster resilience! The Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group established under India's Presidency has encouraged collective work by the #G20 in a comprehensive and sustained manner. Let's take a brief look at the accomplishments of this new Working Group! #G20India

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24,916 views • 3 years ago

International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction 2023 focuses on the link between disasters and inequality. Unequal access to services increases exposure to disaster risk, while disasters worsen inequality by pushing those most at risk into poverty. #DDRDay ➡️
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International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction 2023 focuses on the link between disasters and inequality. Unequal access to services increases exposure to disaster risk, while disasters worsen inequality by pushing those most at risk into poverty. #DDRDay ➡️

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49,893 views • 2 years ago

#WATCH | Nepal flash flood death toll rises to 579, as per Nepal's National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority. Visuals from the morgue in Chitwan.
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#WATCH | Nepal flash flood death toll rises to 579, as per Nepal's National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority. Visuals from the morgue in Chitwan.

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#WATCH | Nepal flash flood death toll rises to 579, as per Nepal's National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority. Visuals from the morgue in Pokhara.
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#WATCH | Nepal flash flood death toll rises to 579, as per Nepal's National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority. Visuals from the morgue in Pokhara.

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26,985 views • 3 days ago

🔴 90% of climate-related deaths occur in poorer countries. On the International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction, we are calling to empower those who are most at risk to fight inequality and build resilience for all. Read more about #DRRDay 👉
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🔴 90% of climate-related deaths occur in poorer countries. On the International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction, we are calling to empower those who are most at risk to fight inequality and build resilience for all. Read more about #DRRDay 👉

UNDRR

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🎥January 07 2025 12:15pm The City and County of San Francisco gives this Harm Reduction Agency a permit once a week to Come to this Park and Issue Harm Reduction Supplies and give Massages while kids are actively playing in the background, and people are using drugs at the front entrance with their issued Harm Reduction supplies
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🎥January 07 2025 12:15pm The City and County of San Francisco gives this Harm Reduction Agency a permit once a week to Come to this Park and Issue Harm Reduction Supplies and give Massages while kids are actively playing in the background, and people are using drugs at the front entrance with their issued Harm Reduction supplies

jj smith

24,355 views • 7 months ago

Data often lie on a low-dimensional manifold embedded in a high-dimensional space. But these manifolds are often highly non-linear, making linear dimensionality reduction methods like PCA insufficient. This has motivated the development of non-linear dimensionality reduction.
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Data often lie on a low-dimensional manifold embedded in a high-dimensional space. But these manifolds are often highly non-linear, making linear dimensionality reduction methods like PCA insufficient. This has motivated the development of non-linear dimensionality reduction.

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Peripheral artery disease is linked to cardiovascular risk and impaired mobility. Diagnosis relies on ankle–brachial index testing, and management involves cardiovascular risk reduction, exercise, and selective revascularization. Learn more in the Clinical Practice article “Peripheral Artery Disease in the Legs” by Mary M. McDermott, MD, from the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine):
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Peripheral artery disease is linked to cardiovascular risk and impaired mobility. Diagnosis relies on ankle–brachial index testing, and management involves cardiovascular risk reduction, exercise, and selective revascularization. Learn more in the Clinical Practice article “Peripheral Artery Disease in the Legs” by Mary M. McDermott, MD, from the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine):

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A 6.9-magnitude earthquake in the central Philippines on Tuesday, September 30, killed at least 69 people and injured another 147, according to the Office of Civil Defense and the Philippines’ National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Center.
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A 6.9-magnitude earthquake in the central Philippines on Tuesday, September 30, killed at least 69 people and injured another 147, according to the Office of Civil Defense and the Philippines’ National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Center.

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Palestinians are celebrating in the Gaza Strip amid a reduction in Israeli military action. The relative calm follows US President Trump’s order for Israel to halt its bombing of the Strip. Al Jazeera’s Hani Mahmoud reports from Gaza.
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Palestinians are celebrating in the Gaza Strip amid a reduction in Israeli military action. The relative calm follows US President Trump’s order for Israel to halt its bombing of the Strip. Al Jazeera’s Hani Mahmoud reports from Gaza.

Al Jazeera English

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Under #G20India, a new Working Group focused on Disaster Risk Reduction aims to encourage cooperation among #G20 nations with the ultimate goal of reducing the impact of disasters. #Gandhinagar is set to host the 1st #DRRWG Meet! 🗓️: March 30 - April 1
3:20

Under #G20India, a new Working Group focused on Disaster Risk Reduction aims to encourage cooperation among #G20 nations with the ultimate goal of reducing the impact of disasters. #Gandhinagar is set to host the 1st #DRRWG Meet! 🗓️: March 30 - April 1

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A 50% reduction in hip fractures sounds like a miracle drug. Until you look at what 50% actually means. The drug was Fosamax. Alan Cassels, a health policy researcher who has spent 30 years auditing how drugs get sold, kept the ads. He still uses them in his lectures. More than 3,000 women were in the trial. All of them high risk: low bone density, previous fractures, all defined as having osteoporosis. Researchers followed them for four years. Two out of every hundred broke a hip. On the drug, one out of every hundred did. CASSELS: "When you go from 2 out of 100 down to 1 out of 100, that's a 50% drop." That was the number sold to patients, to doctors, to specialists. "And people went away thinking, this drug is miraculous." Cassels' question is what one broken hip per hundred women is worth against what the drug does to the other ninety-nine. "How does that compare to the rate of adverse effects? And we know that the rate of adverse effects are much greater than 1%." "So you're promoting this drug on the basis of a misleading reduction. And this happens all the time." We saw the same trick in 2021 when Pfizer and Moderna claimed the COVID vaccine was "95% effective." JAN JEKIELEK: "It's the difference between relative risk and absolute risk."
2:51

A 50% reduction in hip fractures sounds like a miracle drug. Until you look at what 50% actually means. The drug was Fosamax. Alan Cassels, a health policy researcher who has spent 30 years auditing how drugs get sold, kept the ads. He still uses them in his lectures. More than 3,000 women were in the trial. All of them high risk: low bone density, previous fractures, all defined as having osteoporosis. Researchers followed them for four years. Two out of every hundred broke a hip. On the drug, one out of every hundred did. CASSELS: "When you go from 2 out of 100 down to 1 out of 100, that's a 50% drop." That was the number sold to patients, to doctors, to specialists. "And people went away thinking, this drug is miraculous." Cassels' question is what one broken hip per hundred women is worth against what the drug does to the other ninety-nine. "How does that compare to the rate of adverse effects? And we know that the rate of adverse effects are much greater than 1%." "So you're promoting this drug on the basis of a misleading reduction. And this happens all the time." We saw the same trick in 2021 when Pfizer and Moderna claimed the COVID vaccine was "95% effective." JAN JEKIELEK: "It's the difference between relative risk and absolute risk."

Epoch Health

48,368 views • 1 month ago