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Anthropologist Dr. Michael P. Masters claimed on Joe Rogan that humans can change sex through a disorder in which ‘females turn into males at puberty.’ Let's explore the claims with scientific evidence in our full video response. Rob Schneider 🇺🇸

16,258 次观看 • 7 个月前 •via X (Twitter)

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Anthropologist Michael P. Masters made two false claims on Joe Rogan’s latest episode. First, he incorrectly claimed that “we all start out as females.” This is a widespread misconception. In reality, humans begin development in a sexually undifferentiated state with bipotential gonads. Sexual differentiation occurs around weeks 6–8 of embryonic development. Second, he referred to an “island in the Pacific” where children are supposedly born female and then turn into males at puberty. He claimed these children “are girls” and that their “ovaries descend as testicles” during puberty. The place he is referring to is likely Papua New Guinea, but this is more often associated with a village named Salinas in the Dominican Republic. More importantly, he is misrepresenting the condition. It affects around 1 in 170 male births in Papua New Guinea, and about 1 in 90 male births in Salinas, and these children are NOT girls. They are boys (male) who merely appear female at birth due to a rare genetic condition called 5-alpha-reductase deficiency. This condition prevents the body from producing dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in utero, which is necessary for the development of male external genitalia. This is the same condition that male athletes Caster Semenya and Imane Khelif have. Contrary to what Masters says, these individuals are NOT born with “ovaries” that later “descend as testicles.” They are born with normal internal testes, which descend at puberty, at which point they also develop a penis. They are simply boys with a DSD that frequently gets them incorrectly recorded as female at birth. h/t Zagros Ozkan for the clip!

Colin Wright

404,468 次观看 • 7 个月前

A biological anthropologist Dr. Michael P. Masters just claimed on Joe Rogan that human sex change is possible because of a disorder where "females turn into males at puberty." He makes 7 false claims. Let's break it down. 1. He first claims, "We all start out as females." No, we all start genetically sexed and physically undifferentiated, with bipotential gonads, the primordial genital ducts for both sexes, and a cloaca (Wolpert et al, 2019). Note these are not female gonads or genitalia. Around the 6th week, genetics differentiate our neutral gonads into testes OR ovaries, and then genetics and hormonal signaling from the gonad eliminates one duct and builds the other one. Thus, sex development begins physically neutral and diverges down EITHER the male OR female path due to genetics (Rey et al. 2020). 2. He claims "A population on a pacific island grow up as female until puberty transforms some of them into males." Certain isolated island communities have high rates of what's called 5-alpha reductase deficiency (5-ARD), a MALE ONLY disorder of sex development that causes a male fetus (with testes) to not produce enough DHT, the hormone required for the development of the male's penis, scrotum, and testicular descent (Kumar et al, 2022). At puberty, the surge of testosterone FROM THEIR TESTES causes masculinization of their external genitalia and body, with some descent of the testes and development of the penis and scrotum. These males were NEVER females. They are born as males WITH TESTES with underdeveloped external genitals. 3. He claims, "The population is insensitive to DHT." No, those with the disorder have an enzyme deficiency, where they cannot PRODUCE enough of the enzyme to convert testosterone into DHT. Their bodies can respond to DHT normally. It's that they cannot produce enough of it to guide the external genital development of the male fetus (Kang et al. 2014). 4. He claims, "Their ovaries descend and become testes at puberty." No, they never had ovaries. Like all other males, males with 5-ARD have the SRY gene. This triggers their bipotential gonads to differentiate into testes (Kashimada & Koopman, 2010). This does not happen during puberty. This happens at 6 weeks gestation. Just because their testes may not descend does not make them ovaries. 5. He claims, it's called "pseudohermaphroditism." No, it's called 5-alpha reductase deficiency. Medicine has abandoned the use of the term pseudohermaphroditism since early 2000s because it obscures the actual reality of these rare conditions, and is "scientifically specious and clinically problematic" (Dreger et al. 2005). 6. He claims, "They turn into the opposite sex." No, they start out in utero as males and remain as males for life. Just because they were not able to fully develop their external genitals does not make them females. They are males with testes who could not fully develop the penis and scrotum due to lack of DHT. Humans cannot change sex. We are gonochoric--a species whose individuals are male or female for life, determined by their genetics (Holub & Shackelford.) 7. He claims, "It doesn't do anything. Natural selection wouldn't select against it. It's just weird." No, the disorder causes many issues with male fertility. First, low DHT can impair the growth and differentiation of sperm cells and the growth of the prostate, causing them to have a prostate that is 1/10th the healthy size. Small prostates mean that semen volumes are low, harming sperm transport and motility. Second, undescended testes can also disrupt the careful balance of temperature for sperm creation (Kang, Imperato-McGinley, Zhu, & Rosenwaks, 2014). Parroting false claims about these rare disorders like 5-ARD hurts the public's understanding of these conditions, makes people believe falsehoods about human biology, and can harm the evidence-based treatment of the individuals who have these disorders. Scientific sources for further reading: Wolpert, L., Tickle, C., & Martinez Arias, A. (2019). Principles of Development (6th ed.). Oxford University Press. Rey, R., Josso, N., Racine, C. (2020). Sexual differentiation. In: Endotext. South Dartmouth, MDText, Inc. Kumar, G., & Barboza-Meca, J. J. (2022). 5-Alpha-Reductase Deficiency. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. Kang, H., Imperato-McGinley, J., Zhu, Y.-S., & Rosenwaks, Z. (2014). The effect of 5a-reductase-2 deficiency on human fertility. Fertility and Sterility, 101(2), 320–326. Kashimada, K., Koopman, P. (2010). Sry, the master switch in mammalian sex determination. Development, 137. Dreger, A. D., Chase, C., Sousa, A., Gruppuso, P. A., & Frader, J. (2005). Changing the nomenclature/taxonomy for intersex: A scientific and clinical rationale. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 18(8), 729–733. Holub, A., Shackelford, T. (2021). Gonochorism. Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Springer.

Zachary Elliott

229,327 次观看 • 7 个月前

Are UFOs time machines made by humans from the future? Dr. Michael P. Masters just broke down three reasons why this wild UFO theory could be true on Joe Rogan. How far into the future? Over 50,000 years, according to Area 51 whistleblower Dan Burisch. Masters: “I started with Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, which he published in 1905 on the electrodynamics of moving bodies.” “Then in 1915, he published his paper on general relativity.” “From that point on, there were solutions to his field equations that showed, with the right parameters of a highly energetic rotating disc, that you could create closed timelike curves.” “You could actually orient light cones back toward the past, so you can physically go into the past.” “Then in the 1970s, you had Frank Tipler, who showed mathematically that you can shrink that down to a disc.” “This is one of the reasons I think [UFOs] are time machines.” “He wasn’t talking about UFOs, but they seemingly have the ability to jump in and out of time.” “They appear and disappear.” “What I think they’re doing is … combining general relativity and special relativity.” “I think they’re orienting the light cones toward the past by rotating these things really fast.” “The other reason is because [retired US Air Force sergeant] Jim Penniston, in this hypnotic regression, said … we can only go 40 to 60,000 years into the past, or we might not get back.” “You also have the Dan Burisch testimony of this J-Rod, this allegedly captured alien, who [told him]: we are you from the future, and we’re from about 55 to 60,000 years in your future.” Rogan: “When you’re talking about going the speed of light, you’re not talking about traditional propulsion, but some form of propulsion that allows you to go at insane speeds.” Masters: “Electromagnetic is what it seems to be.” “The electromagnetic force is 10 to the 40 times more powerful than gravity.” “I think that’s what they use to manipulate spacetime.” Joe Rogan Dr. Michael P. Masters

Holden Culotta

146,249 次观看 • 7 个月前