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Ateret Shamuel: “Kurds are one of Middle East’s largest indigenous nations, divided across Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey. Today, Kurdish areas face heavy attacks.” Iran’s regime is brutally targeting Kurds: “IRGC forces opened fire on Kurdish protesters, killed civilians, raided a hospital in Ilam, and imposed an internet blackout...

24,819 görüntüleme • 8 ay önce •via X (Twitter)

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Why Iran's Kurds Are the Most Divided Kurdish Population, and Why That Matters Now They speak at least four major dialect groups. They are split along sectarian lines far more deeply than Kurds elsewhere. Kurdish and Persian are both Iranian languages with no sharp linguistic wall between them. And they have lived inside an Iranian state for five centuries. In Iraq, Syria, and Turkey, Kurdish identity confronts Arabic or Turkish across a clear frontier. In Iran, it sits inside a graded continuum of dialect, sect, and civilisation that the state has always found easier to segment and absorb. Linguistically, they are not a compact Sorani-Kurmanji bloc. They are a mosaic. Central Kurdish (Sorani) accounts for roughly 35 to 40% of Iran's Kurds. Southern Kurdish and Laki together make up another 35 to 40%. Kurmanji accounts for about 22 to 27%. Gorani and Hawrami make up a smaller but historically significant remainder. Kurmanji itself is split across radically different settings. The Kurmanji speakers of Khorasan in the northeast are mostly Shia and long integrated into the Iranian state. The Kurmanji speakers of the Urmia belt are overwhelmingly Sunni and tied into the borderland world shaped by proximity to Turkey. Religiously, Iranian Kurds are not overwhelmingly Sunni the way Kurds in Iraq, Syria, and Turkey are. The best estimate is roughly half Sunni, around two-fifths Twelver Shia, and about a tenth Yarsani. The Sunni core is concentrated in the northwest. Kermanshah, Ilam, and Khorasan pull heavily in the other direction. The deepest difference is linguistic. In Iraq, Syria, and Turkey, Kurdish confronts Arabic or Turkish across a sharp civilisational wall: Indo-European versus Semitic or Turkic. In Iran, Kurdish and Persian are both Western Iranian languages with a common origin. The boundary is not a wall but a slope. Lori forms a continuum between Kurdish and Persian. Laki sits near that transition. As you move south through the Zagros, speech forms become less like northern Kurdish and more entangled with neighbouring Iranian varieties. Iranian Kurds have also lived inside an Iranian state framework for roughly five centuries since the Safavid consolidation, not inside a new nation-state barely a century old like Iraq or Syria. Iran is closer to a civilisational state than a standard nation-state, and Kurdish identity inside that frame is old, layered, and in many parts of the country deeply woven into the wider Iranian fabric. All of this is why Kurdish cohesion is structurally weakest in Iran. The divisions are not just multiple but mutually reinforcing: dialect, sect, geography, linguistic proximity to Persian, and centuries of state absorption. In the other three countries, Kurdish identity confronts the state-bearing identity across a sharper frontier. In Iran, it sits inside a graded continuum that the state has always found easier to segment, absorb, and contain. More details:

The National Context

95,679 görüntüleme • 6 ay önce