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Creating Bitcoin keys securely entirely off-line. I made this (extremely ugly but) functional prototype Codex32 wooden computer that can calculate Bitcoin keys using nothing more than dice, some paper and a pen. You do all the math by hand, including calculating the checksum.

181,053 views • 2 years ago •via X (Twitter)

69 Comments

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

Front and back of the prototype wooden Codex32 computer...

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

These two can keep a secret...also pretty good helpers.

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

I forgot to mention that part of generating the Bitcoin keys is splitting the seed via Shamir Secret Sharing (it just automatically happens as part of the key generation process.) recovering the seed means combining the shares (you can also do that using the wooden computer).

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

You can see a quick demo here of the Codex32 paper computers that this wooden computer is based on...

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

You can also download the full Codex32 book and print/cut your own paper computers right now - for free.

Preston Pysh's profile picture
Preston Pysh2 years ago

If you could peer in the Fractal’s brain…

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

😂👊🔥

MT⚡️'s profile picture
MT⚡️2 years ago

Nice “unhosted wallet software” 🤣

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

Come and take it! 🔥👊

Tatum Turn Up (Villain arc)'s profile picture
Tatum Turn Up (Villain arc)2 years ago

“extremely ugly” We might have different definitions of ugly this is sick and also sexy

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

Its just a buncha circles for the most part, I didn't get a chance to do much design work - the first step is always function over form, so I have to make sure it works, and it really is an easy-to-use device. I'm still working on fancy-ing it up ;) Thanks so much for the kind words.

Mars's profile picture
Mars2 years ago

@tatumturnup I wonder how small you can get it with the right material...

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

@tatumturnup I reconfigured it and got the computer itself much smaller, but I added a dice tower, and other necessaries that made it big again (LMAO!)

Cosmo Crixter 🟠's profile picture
Cosmo Crixter 🟠2 years ago

@MichaelDunwort1 Looks amazing actually. There’s a great interview about this with Andrew Poelstra on the @stephanlivera podcast.

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

@MichaelDunwort1 @stephanlivera I've watched every second of every Codex32 interview I could find. I even talked about it at dinner with @stephanlivera in Madeira during @BitcoinAtlantis. (Hi Stephan, hey scroll up and you'll see that device I was telling you about ;))

Cosmo Crixter 🟠's profile picture
Cosmo Crixter 🟠2 years ago

@MichaelDunwort1 @stephanlivera @BitcoinAtlantis I bet you’re going to make one of these math machines into something glittering and shining and magnificent, aren’t you? Like a glorious steampunk magus from 1000 years in the future.

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

@MichaelDunwort1 @stephanlivera @BitcoinAtlantis Could be! I do have plans 😉

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

Yes

SeedHammer's profile picture
SeedHammer2 years ago

This is beautiful. Imagine getting the result on steel somehow easy and foolproof. 🤔

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

Definitely need the steel once you've generated your secret shares!

SeedSigner's profile picture
SeedSigner2 years ago

Curious if you have a sense of whether manual calculation of spend signature/txn is possible/feasible?

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

Not yet. This is really the first implementation where I saw that you can create the seed entirely offline even with checksum, and do all the math by hand. But the limitation, is we need to wait for Codex32 compatible wallets for things like HD wallet creation & spends.

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

👀

@stackit.btc's profile picture
@stackit.btc2 years ago

Your kind of at the forefront between bridging digital #BTC w/ actual physical representation of it. Kind of brilliant to watch actually

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

That is extremely kind of you to say. Thanks!🔥🔥

@stackit.btc's profile picture
@stackit.btc2 years ago

Well deserved

₿ᴳʳᵒᵛᵉ's profile picture
₿ᴳʳᵒᵛᵉ2 years ago

wen workshop @bitcoingrove?

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

Oh this would be sweet 🔥🔥💪👀

🕊🔜R҉Y҉R҉ 🔚🕊's profile picture
🕊🔜R҉Y҉R҉ 🔚🕊2 years ago

Dope

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

🙏👊🔥

Robert (infra 🏛️⌛️)'s profile picture
Robert (infra 🏛️⌛️)2 years ago

yo, this is the raddest fuckin thing ive seen in a longgggg time

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

Thank you! 🙏👊

Tomer Strolight's profile picture
Tomer Strolight2 years ago

Wow!

BitcoinWalk ⚡️'s profile picture
BitcoinWalk ⚡️2 years ago

@FractalEncrypt you and @dataresilience should get on a call - I can only imagine how cool the effects of your collaboration would be 😌

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

@dataresilience I sent a follow request, thanks!

PedestrianX's profile picture
PedestrianX2 years ago

This looks like something a future civilization will dig up and spend 50 years trying to figure what it's for.

monkey's profile picture
monkey2 years ago

When can I get one?

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

This design is kinda "a way on the path" to finding the final form. I am working on a new one, but it looks totally different...Something will appear in the future, it's percolating ;)

Not's profile picture
Not2 years ago

Those are self-hosted wallets, do you have a license for that math?

Owen Kemeys (CTV+CSFS enjoyer)'s profile picture
Owen Kemeys (CTV+CSFS enjoyer)2 years ago

@mononautical The evil maid attack now becomes secret gear ratio replacements. much more advanced

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

@mononautical Now that would be tricky! Bad maid!

The Rev Dr Chick Counterfly's profile picture
The Rev Dr Chick Counterfly2 years ago

Question: can you realistically calculate the checksum by hand? Is the SHA256 algorithm that easy to just do manually?

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

Absolutely 100% you can realistically calculate the checksum by hand. I'm right now verifying the seed + Checksum I calculated yesterday. If you messed up at all, it's immediately evident (your checksum has to resolve to "SecretShare32" mathematically or you fked up.) Codex32 also has error correction capabilities - it can detect up to 8 errors and help you fix up to 4.

Dakko's profile picture
Dakko2 years ago

This is so based, full respect man

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

Many thanks for that!

Omar Siddiqui's profile picture
Omar Siddiqui2 years ago

@GusGrillasca That’s not ugly at all, gorgeous and very cool

Ace One Design's profile picture
Ace One Design2 years ago

This ended up on my "for you" feed and I'm glad it did. Great job. Such a cool project. It's extremely clever, and a gorgeous presentation.

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

🔥👊🙏

Jingles's profile picture
Jingles2 years ago

Amazing, Fractal!

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

🙏🙏🙏

JuanGalt.com's profile picture
JuanGalt.com2 years ago

Dude, that's amazing

Elliott's profile picture
Elliott2 years ago

I don’t know what I’m looking at but I am incredibly impressed

China Tim (💎🤲 🌖)'s profile picture
China Tim (💎🤲 🌖)2 years ago

I have a offline (entropy) system, I use Sha256 to generate my hash. All calculations are done offline via a spreadsheet + Shasum. No web browsers & done all offline. Additionally my system can generate pass-phrases using the niceware word list. Uses 32 D16 Dice

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

Yeah spreadsheets and offline computers make it a lot more practical 😅

China Tim (💎🤲 🌖)'s profile picture
China Tim (💎🤲 🌖)2 years ago

It's cool you were able to learn out how to calculate it manually, but the time involved, ugh..

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

Yes, it is not a quick process. Low time preference living 😉😎

Ribus's profile picture
Ribus2 years ago

@DeBasedGhost Love the DIY spirit! There's something timeless about blending tech with tactile crafts.

Bitcoin Lebowski⚡'s profile picture
Bitcoin Lebowski⚡2 years ago

@BitsInevitable

spoonman's profile picture
spoonman2 years ago

🤯

Myth BTC's profile picture
Myth BTC2 years ago

For sale wen?

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

Hopefully it's "some-kinda-I" at the very least 😅

geoindependent's profile picture
geoindependent2 years ago

@clickspring1 should make a bronze version! Reminds me of the Antikythera Mechanism

DrDoggyballs's profile picture
DrDoggyballs2 years ago

Amazing! Publishing the plans?

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

There are no plans 😅, it's a buncha separate cut files that look like this

DrDoggyballs's profile picture
DrDoggyballs2 years ago

🤣🤣

jpnLedger⚡'s profile picture
jpnLedger⚡2 years ago

@leonwankum 🔥

Vizique's profile picture
Vizique2 years ago

very cool ser

FractalEncrypt ∞/21M's profile picture
FractalEncrypt ∞/21M2 years ago

Thanks brother 🙏

Milo's profile picture
Milo1 year ago

A crypto mortgage lets you leverage your BTC or ETH to invest in real estate. Instead of selling your crypto, you can use it as collateral to qualify and secure a mortgage. Apply in minutes and close your mortgage in weeks without losing the upside of your crypto asset.

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