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DM+T: Memetically based in jungle bay. The island where they take the memes like clay. Turn them into bricks Build a new way Reality Is a moving paradigm Who control the meme will win in time. DM+T DM+T Dank Memes with Time is the formula. Paradigm shift right from...

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Jungle Bay Artists Collective

9,764 subscribers

17,034 次观看 • 10 个月前 •via X (Twitter)

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For almost 5 years, our growing island of artists and builders has been dedicated to breathing new layers into the meme economy. The formula: DM+T = Memetic Finance [Dank Memes + Time] 🌴🧱 Proof of work is on the timeline. Join us, if that resonates:
2:05

For almost 5 years, our growing island of artists and builders has been dedicated to breathing new layers into the meme economy. The formula: DM+T = Memetic Finance [Dank Memes + Time] 🌴🧱 Proof of work is on the timeline. Join us, if that resonates:

Jungle Bay Artists Collective

23,257 次观看 • 3 个月前

solana:7hmVkPXmVagxoptAEpx4jBzZVHwGLdFj6c1y42qxpump MEME CONTEST #1 🌴🧱 PART 2 of 2 · the A.I. round $1,000 in prizes. Top 8 get paid. THREE RULES: 1. Hold a JB asset. Full list below. 2. Grow from at least one Part 1 entry. 3. Thirty seconds minimum. Closes Thursday 8/20, 9:30 AM PT. Read all the way down before you make anything. 🌱 THE PREMISE Part 1 planted the seeds: hand-drawn art by holders. Part 2 grows them into motion. Jungle Bay Artists Collective Island builds in layers. ✅ RULE 1 · WHO CAN ENTER Hold at least 1 Jungle Bay Artists Collective ape, *or* 1 of any JB artists collab collection: · bojungles · junglets · rare towelie cards · seeds from the memetic garden · jungle bay gold card · memes by jungle bay x mfers artists Don't hold one yet? Adopt one. Links in the first reply. 🌱 RULE 2 · GROW FROM A SEED Grow from at least one Part 1 entry. Use as many as you want. Beyond the seeds: zero constraints. ⏱️ RULE 3 · THIRTY SECONDS MINIMUM The extend button is not an edit. 📬 HOW TO ENTER 1. Reply to this post with your video. 2. Email the HD file to seacasamemes@gmail.com. Every entry. X compresses everything. 🧰 IF YOU WANT A STARTING POINT Nothing here is required. iMovie, free on your phone, cuts, splits, slows, and speeds clips. Speed is how lip sync lands. Suno for music. 🏆 PRIZES · $1,000 TOTAL 1st: $220 solana:7hmVkPXmVagxoptAEpx4jBzZVHwGLdFj6c1y42qxpump + $100 SOL 2nd: $140 solana:7hmVkPXmVagxoptAEpx4jBzZVHwGLdFj6c1y42qxpump + $50 SOL 3rd: $110 $BAYLA + $50 $TBB 4th: $85 $BAYLA + $30 $BOBO 5th: $60 $BAYLA + $20 $JBM 6th: $45 $BAYLA + $20 $DRB 7th: $40 $BAYLA 8th: $30 $BAYLA USD converts at payout. 🗓️ TIMELINE Thurs 8/19, 9:30 AM PT · close The Frog Council votes Sat 8/22 · winners announced, seeds named The island keeps sediment. It does not keep slop. Bring something that took you longer than the prompt did. [video below by Art of 2 🐸 ]
1:49

solana:7hmVkPXmVagxoptAEpx4jBzZVHwGLdFj6c1y42qxpump MEME CONTEST #1 🌴🧱 PART 2 of 2 · the A.I. round $1,000 in prizes. Top 8 get paid. THREE RULES: 1. Hold a JB asset. Full list below. 2. Grow from at least one Part 1 entry. 3. Thirty seconds minimum. Closes Thursday 8/20, 9:30 AM PT. Read all the way down before you make anything. 🌱 THE PREMISE Part 1 planted the seeds: hand-drawn art by holders. Part 2 grows them into motion. Jungle Bay Artists Collective Island builds in layers. ✅ RULE 1 · WHO CAN ENTER Hold at least 1 Jungle Bay Artists Collective ape, *or* 1 of any JB artists collab collection: · bojungles · junglets · rare towelie cards · seeds from the memetic garden · jungle bay gold card · memes by jungle bay x mfers artists Don't hold one yet? Adopt one. Links in the first reply. 🌱 RULE 2 · GROW FROM A SEED Grow from at least one Part 1 entry. Use as many as you want. Beyond the seeds: zero constraints. ⏱️ RULE 3 · THIRTY SECONDS MINIMUM The extend button is not an edit. 📬 HOW TO ENTER 1. Reply to this post with your video. 2. Email the HD file to [email protected]. Every entry. X compresses everything. 🧰 IF YOU WANT A STARTING POINT Nothing here is required. iMovie, free on your phone, cuts, splits, slows, and speeds clips. Speed is how lip sync lands. Suno for music. 🏆 PRIZES · $1,000 TOTAL 1st: $220 solana:7hmVkPXmVagxoptAEpx4jBzZVHwGLdFj6c1y42qxpump + $100 SOL 2nd: $140 solana:7hmVkPXmVagxoptAEpx4jBzZVHwGLdFj6c1y42qxpump + $50 SOL 3rd: $110 $BAYLA + $50 $TBB 4th: $85 $BAYLA + $30 $BOBO 5th: $60 $BAYLA + $20 $JBM 6th: $45 $BAYLA + $20 $DRB 7th: $40 $BAYLA 8th: $30 $BAYLA USD converts at payout. 🗓️ TIMELINE Thurs 8/19, 9:30 AM PT · close The Frog Council votes Sat 8/22 · winners announced, seeds named The island keeps sediment. It does not keep slop. Bring something that took you longer than the prompt did. [video below by Art of 2 🐸 ]

seacasa

20,832 次观看 • 17 天前

Brock Purdy on the narrative that he can't play in bad weather or handle a wet football: "That's their opinion. Against Green Bay [Divisional Round], it was raining, we won the game. Seattle, my rookie year, it started raining. The playoff game, we won that game… The Buffalo game was crazy, I'm not gonna lie. Just the snow and the blizzard and all that. That was on another level. But, I don't know; outside of that, I still don't buy into it. I feel like I can play in any condition and find a way to win. And I've proven it, too." via: 95.7 The Game | h/t: 49ers Webzone
1:01

Brock Purdy on the narrative that he can't play in bad weather or handle a wet football: "That's their opinion. Against Green Bay [Divisional Round], it was raining, we won the game. Seattle, my rookie year, it started raining. The playoff game, we won that game… The Buffalo game was crazy, I'm not gonna lie. Just the snow and the blizzard and all that. That was on another level. But, I don't know; outside of that, I still don't buy into it. I feel like I can play in any condition and find a way to win. And I've proven it, too." via: 95.7 The Game | h/t: 49ers Webzone

Coach Yac 🗣

214,723 次观看 • 1 年前

CALIFORNIA: The All-In Besties are the canary in the coalmine as they flee California for Texas after Governor Gavin Newsom and his fellow Democrats seek to seize the wealth of the state's most productive citizens. Calacanis & Sacks already left. Chamath is next. Friedberg is livid. Speaking from experience, the Bay Area was once a very special place when it came to capital formation and innovation. It is wild that it is moving to Texas. h/t Chief Nerd
2:08

CALIFORNIA: The All-In Besties are the canary in the coalmine as they flee California for Texas after Governor Gavin Newsom and his fellow Democrats seek to seize the wealth of the state's most productive citizens. Calacanis & Sacks already left. Chamath is next. Friedberg is livid. Speaking from experience, the Bay Area was once a very special place when it came to capital formation and innovation. It is wild that it is moving to Texas. h/t Chief Nerd

@amuse

98,998 次观看 • 7 个月前

In 1996, James Sethian showed something almost unfair...you can find shortest routes through a messy world by letting a wave expand once...no trial paths, no search beams, just one growing front. Here’s how: we solve for an arrival-time field T(x,y) so that T literally means how long the wave needs to reach this point. The rule is ||∇ T|| = 1/F, where the medium is fast (F large) the front sprints, where it’s slow it trudges, and obstacles are speed ≈ 0, so the front wraps around them because that’s the only way forward. Then comes the satisfying part: once T exists, a path doesn’t need to search at all...drop a bead anywhere and let it follow ẋ ∝ -∇ T, it slides downhill on the time landscape and traces a globally fastest route back to the source. This “wave = optimal control” viewpoint is exactly what Tsitsiklis (1995) made precise from the Hamilton-Jacobi side...compute the value/arrival-time function and the optimal trajectories fall out from it. #FastMarching #EikonalEquation
0:31

In 1996, James Sethian showed something almost unfair...you can find shortest routes through a messy world by letting a wave expand once...no trial paths, no search beams, just one growing front. Here’s how: we solve for an arrival-time field T(x,y) so that T literally means how long the wave needs to reach this point. The rule is ||∇ T|| = 1/F, where the medium is fast (F large) the front sprints, where it’s slow it trudges, and obstacles are speed ≈ 0, so the front wraps around them because that’s the only way forward. Then comes the satisfying part: once T exists, a path doesn’t need to search at all...drop a bead anywhere and let it follow ẋ ∝ -∇ T, it slides downhill on the time landscape and traces a globally fastest route back to the source. This “wave = optimal control” viewpoint is exactly what Tsitsiklis (1995) made precise from the Hamilton-Jacobi side...compute the value/arrival-time function and the optimal trajectories fall out from it. #FastMarching #EikonalEquation

Mathelirium

766,230 次观看 • 8 个月前

Today we introduce Stochastic Differential Equations (SDEs). I find that the best way to introduce these complex concepts is to look at an application. This is part I of the lecture🙂 We look at the theory behind electromagnetic scattering/radar clutter which leads to anomaly detection on scattering statistics. When a narrowband wave scatters off a messy cloud of particles, the complex field at your receiver is a random phasor sum...at time t you can write the electric field as E_N(t) = Σⱼ₌₁ᴺ e^{iθⱼ(t)}, each term a unit arrow in the complex plane from scatterer j. This is exactly where the magic of Brownian motion appears naturally and in the most reasonable way. Think of all the microscopic chaos...tiny motions, index fluctuations, path jitters, Doppler shifts that shows up as small random kicks to the phases θⱼ(t) over very short times. If you just made θⱼ(t) random in an ad-hoc way (say, resampling independent angles at each time), the field would jump around unrealistically with no temporal structure. Brownian motion is what you get when you let each phase take the continuous-time limit of many tiny, independent kicks...it’s continuous in t, it has the right cumulative variance growth, and it remembers just enough of its past to look physical. So we model each phase as a Brownian walk, θⱼ(t) = θⱼ⁰ + σ_θ Bⱼ(t), with independent Brownian motions Bⱼ(t) and a phase-diffusion rate σ_θ. Brownian motion here isn’t window dressing...it’s the clean way to compress all the small random stuff into a single process that actually matches how the phases wander in time. #StochasticProcesses #BrownianMotion #ItoCalculus #RadarClutter #RayleighScattering #SignalProcessing
0:30

Today we introduce Stochastic Differential Equations (SDEs). I find that the best way to introduce these complex concepts is to look at an application. This is part I of the lecture🙂 We look at the theory behind electromagnetic scattering/radar clutter which leads to anomaly detection on scattering statistics. When a narrowband wave scatters off a messy cloud of particles, the complex field at your receiver is a random phasor sum...at time t you can write the electric field as E_N(t) = Σⱼ₌₁ᴺ e^{iθⱼ(t)}, each term a unit arrow in the complex plane from scatterer j. This is exactly where the magic of Brownian motion appears naturally and in the most reasonable way. Think of all the microscopic chaos...tiny motions, index fluctuations, path jitters, Doppler shifts that shows up as small random kicks to the phases θⱼ(t) over very short times. If you just made θⱼ(t) random in an ad-hoc way (say, resampling independent angles at each time), the field would jump around unrealistically with no temporal structure. Brownian motion is what you get when you let each phase take the continuous-time limit of many tiny, independent kicks...it’s continuous in t, it has the right cumulative variance growth, and it remembers just enough of its past to look physical. So we model each phase as a Brownian walk, θⱼ(t) = θⱼ⁰ + σ_θ Bⱼ(t), with independent Brownian motions Bⱼ(t) and a phase-diffusion rate σ_θ. Brownian motion here isn’t window dressing...it’s the clean way to compress all the small random stuff into a single process that actually matches how the phases wander in time. #StochasticProcesses #BrownianMotion #ItoCalculus #RadarClutter #RayleighScattering #SignalProcessing

Mathelirium

55,319 次观看 • 8 个月前

Cover Story: The 'Widow's Bay' Team Reveals Secrets, Stories & Season 2 Hopes If you don’t have a t-shirt that says, “I survived Patricia’s sunset cocktails,” what are you even doing? You could also get yourself a notebook with “Are you mad at something I said?” scrawled on the cover in wonky handwriting, or a tote bag with “Sorry, forgot my purse” on the front. All that merch is unauthorized too — that’s how huge the fan following is for Widow’s Bay — the Apple TV comedy series sleeper hit that’s set the Emmy polls on fire. How to explain the unique cozy-scary-hilarious appeal of a show about a small, haunted island in Massachusetts and its hapless inhabitants? With rip-roaring storytelling, authentic East Coast vibes and a cast — led by the left-field comedic talents of Matthew Rhys — here’s something special that we didn’t know we all needed. Deadline sat down with creator-showrunner Katie Dippold, EP-Director Hiro Murai and some Widow’s Bay inhabitants to find out how the [Vienna] sausage was made… Read Now:
0:22

Cover Story: The 'Widow's Bay' Team Reveals Secrets, Stories & Season 2 Hopes If you don’t have a t-shirt that says, “I survived Patricia’s sunset cocktails,” what are you even doing? You could also get yourself a notebook with “Are you mad at something I said?” scrawled on the cover in wonky handwriting, or a tote bag with “Sorry, forgot my purse” on the front. All that merch is unauthorized too — that’s how huge the fan following is for Widow’s Bay — the Apple TV comedy series sleeper hit that’s set the Emmy polls on fire. How to explain the unique cozy-scary-hilarious appeal of a show about a small, haunted island in Massachusetts and its hapless inhabitants? With rip-roaring storytelling, authentic East Coast vibes and a cast — led by the left-field comedic talents of Matthew Rhys — here’s something special that we didn’t know we all needed. Deadline sat down with creator-showrunner Katie Dippold, EP-Director Hiro Murai and some Widow’s Bay inhabitants to find out how the [Vienna] sausage was made… Read Now:

Deadline

174,652 次观看 • 17 天前

"T. Rowe Price spent 89 years being the responsible one and they just got the green light to put XRP and Dogecoin into your retirement portfolio" "T. Rowe Price is the most responsible pension manager on the planet. They got approval for TKNZ, their active crypto ETF. They can choose up to 15 assets and actively index them, and that goes as far down the risk curve as Shiba Inu and Dogecoin" "Grandpa's pension is about to be exposed to a coin named after a dog from a 2013 meme. It's astounding those things are now being included in an ETF product from T. Rowe Price" "This is a meaningful story because it's a new distribution channel for advisors and retirement money reaching crypto through a very trusted brand. The way people generally invest is through indexing. When you get an index fund of the top five to 15 assets from someone like T. Rowe Price, every other entity is going to follow"
1:45

"T. Rowe Price spent 89 years being the responsible one and they just got the green light to put XRP and Dogecoin into your retirement portfolio" "T. Rowe Price is the most responsible pension manager on the planet. They got approval for TKNZ, their active crypto ETF. They can choose up to 15 assets and actively index them, and that goes as far down the risk curve as Shiba Inu and Dogecoin" "Grandpa's pension is about to be exposed to a coin named after a dog from a 2013 meme. It's astounding those things are now being included in an ETF product from T. Rowe Price" "This is a meaningful story because it's a new distribution channel for advisors and retirement money reaching crypto through a very trusted brand. The way people generally invest is through indexing. When you get an index fund of the top five to 15 assets from someone like T. Rowe Price, every other entity is going to follow"

The Wolf Of All Streets

19,666 次观看 • 2 个月前

The Trap in Every Mathematics Lecture If you’ve taken a lot of math courses, you start to recognize a pattern. There’s a moment where the lecturer is warming up with the obvious stuff...add matrices entrywise, scale by α, do the row-column product...and you’re thinking, alright… where is this going? Then you relax. You stop resisting. And right there, they slip in one line that changes how you see the whole subject. When Benedict Gross says "matrices represent linear operators,"he’s telling you to stop treating a matrix as a rectangle of numbers and start treating it as an action. A linear operator is a function T: Rⁿ → Rⁿ that respects two rules: T(u+v)=T(u)+T(v) and T(αu)=αT(u). Once you pick a basis, T is completely determined by where it sends the basis vectors e₁,…,eₙ. Put T(e₁),…,T(eₙ) into columns and you get a matrix A. That is what "A represents T" means...A is the coordinate portrait of the transformation. Now the punchline that makes matrix multiplication feel inevitable. If B represents S and A represents T, then doing S first and then T is the composition T∘S. In coordinates that becomes A(Bx)=(AB)x. So multiplying matrices is really composing transformations. That’s why multiplication is usually not commutative: T∘S is generally not the same transformation as S∘T, and the matrices inherit that noncommutativity. This explains half of Linear Algebra because it tells you what the course is really about...functions that move vectors around, not grids of numbers. A matrix is just the written form of that function once you choose coordinates. Then the rules stop feeling random Multiplying matrices means doing one move and then another, an inverse means you can undo the move, eigenvectors are directions that don’t get turned, and changing basis is just describing the same move in a different language. That one idea makes a lot of linear algebra click. #LinearAlgebra #Matrices #GroupTheory #GLn #MathLectures #Mathematics
0:46

The Trap in Every Mathematics Lecture If you’ve taken a lot of math courses, you start to recognize a pattern. There’s a moment where the lecturer is warming up with the obvious stuff...add matrices entrywise, scale by α, do the row-column product...and you’re thinking, alright… where is this going? Then you relax. You stop resisting. And right there, they slip in one line that changes how you see the whole subject. When Benedict Gross says "matrices represent linear operators,"he’s telling you to stop treating a matrix as a rectangle of numbers and start treating it as an action. A linear operator is a function T: Rⁿ → Rⁿ that respects two rules: T(u+v)=T(u)+T(v) and T(αu)=αT(u). Once you pick a basis, T is completely determined by where it sends the basis vectors e₁,…,eₙ. Put T(e₁),…,T(eₙ) into columns and you get a matrix A. That is what "A represents T" means...A is the coordinate portrait of the transformation. Now the punchline that makes matrix multiplication feel inevitable. If B represents S and A represents T, then doing S first and then T is the composition T∘S. In coordinates that becomes A(Bx)=(AB)x. So multiplying matrices is really composing transformations. That’s why multiplication is usually not commutative: T∘S is generally not the same transformation as S∘T, and the matrices inherit that noncommutativity. This explains half of Linear Algebra because it tells you what the course is really about...functions that move vectors around, not grids of numbers. A matrix is just the written form of that function once you choose coordinates. Then the rules stop feeling random Multiplying matrices means doing one move and then another, an inverse means you can undo the move, eigenvectors are directions that don’t get turned, and changing basis is just describing the same move in a different language. That one idea makes a lot of linear algebra click. #LinearAlgebra #Matrices #GroupTheory #GLn #MathLectures #Mathematics

Mathelirium

66,892 次观看 • 7 个月前

Lecture 2 of our Physics-Informed Neural Networks mini-series. In Lecture 1 we made the idea visible...a neural network isn’t predicting a PDE solution, it is the candidate function uᵩ(x,t), and the PDE residual rᵩ(x,t) is the leash that keeps it honest. Now the natural question follows: How can a neural network be punished for breaking a PDE when nobody ever handed it the true solution, and the equation itself contains derivatives like uᵩₜₜ and uᵩₓₓ? Here’s the satisfying answer: A PINN doesn’t need the true answer to be corrected. It only needs a way to measure how wrong it is according to the PDE! The network outputs uᵩ(x,t). A software called "autodiff" is used to compute the derivatives (uᵩₓ, uᵩₜ, uᵩₓₓ, …) exactly by applying the chain rule through the network. Those derivatives get dropped into the PDE to produce rᵩ(x,t). If rᵩ is big at some point, the loss spikes there, and gradient descent pushes the parameters so that rᵩ shrinks. The math breakdown We want a function u(x,t) that satisfies a PDE on a domain Ω. In this lecture we keep a concrete nonlinear example in mind, the damped sine-Gordon equation uₜₜ(x,t) + γ uₜ(x,t) − c² uₓₓ(x,t) + sin(u(x,t)) = 0. A PINN replaces the unknown function u with a neural network uᵩ(x,t), where ᵩ means all the network parameters (weights and biases). Now we build the physics residual by plugging uᵩ into the PDE rᵩ(x,t) = uᵩₜₜ(x,t) + γ uᵩₜ(x,t) − c² uᵩₓₓ(x,t) + sin(uᵩ(x,t)). If uᵩ were a true solution, rᵩ would be 0 everywhere. So we sample points (xⱼ,tⱼ) inside the domain. These are collocation points. At each one we evaluate rᵩ, and we define a physics loss L_phys(ᵩ) = meanⱼ |rᵩ(xⱼ,tⱼ)|². This is the punishment mechanism. (Punish just means: if |rᵩ| is big, L_phys is big; training updates ᵩ to make L_phys smaller. Reward means the loss drops, so those parameter changes are kept.) The key question was where the derivatives come from. Since uᵩ is built out of differentiable operations, we can compute uᵩₜ(x,t), uᵩₜₜ(x,t), uᵩₓ(x,t), uᵩₓₓ(x,t), at any input (x,t) we choose. Imagine a simple differentiable model written as a sum of nonlinear features uᵩ(x,t) = Σₖ vₖ σ( wₖx x + wₖt t + bₖ ) + b₀. Then the derivatives are just chain rule uᵩₓ(x,t) = Σₖ vₖ σ′(·) wₖx uᵩₓₓ(x,t) = Σₖ vₖ σ″(·) (wₖx)² uᵩₜ(x,t) = Σₖ vₖ σ′(·) wₖt uᵩₜₜ(x,t) = Σₖ vₖ σ″(·) (wₖt)². So rᵩ(x,t) is an explicit computable number at every (x,t). For the damped sine-Gordon example, it’s the same story, just with one extra nonlinear term: rᵩ(x,t) = [uᵩₜₜ(x,t) + γ uᵩₜ(x,t) − c² uᵩₓₓ(x,t)] + sin(uᵩ(x,t)). A real PINN is a deeper composition of these same building blocks, but it’s still just a chain rule, and autodiff is the machinery that does that bookkeeping reliably for big graphs. Then we train by gradient descent on the total loss. Even if we use only physics for the moment, the update is conceptually just ᵩ ← ᵩ − η ∇ᵩ L_phys(ᵩ), with learning rate η. In practice we also include initial/boundary conditions or data, because PDEs aren’t uniquely determined without them L(ᵩ) = L_data(ᵩ) + λ L_phys(ᵩ) + L_bc/ic(ᵩ), where L_bc/ic(ᵩ) enforces things like uᵩ(x,0) ≈ u₀(x) and uᵩₜ(x,0) ≈ v₀(x), or boundary conditions at x = ±L. So Lecture 2’s punchline is simple: the PDE becomes a training signal. We keep differentiating uᵩ, measuring rᵩ, and updating ᵩ until the residual goes quiet across Ω. #PINNs #PhysicsInformedNeuralNetworks #ScientificMachineLearning #AutoDiff #Backpropagation #PDE #DifferentialEquations #Optimization #MachineLearning #AppliedMath #ComputationalPhysics
1:00

Lecture 2 of our Physics-Informed Neural Networks mini-series. In Lecture 1 we made the idea visible...a neural network isn’t predicting a PDE solution, it is the candidate function uᵩ(x,t), and the PDE residual rᵩ(x,t) is the leash that keeps it honest. Now the natural question follows: How can a neural network be punished for breaking a PDE when nobody ever handed it the true solution, and the equation itself contains derivatives like uᵩₜₜ and uᵩₓₓ? Here’s the satisfying answer: A PINN doesn’t need the true answer to be corrected. It only needs a way to measure how wrong it is according to the PDE! The network outputs uᵩ(x,t). A software called "autodiff" is used to compute the derivatives (uᵩₓ, uᵩₜ, uᵩₓₓ, …) exactly by applying the chain rule through the network. Those derivatives get dropped into the PDE to produce rᵩ(x,t). If rᵩ is big at some point, the loss spikes there, and gradient descent pushes the parameters so that rᵩ shrinks. The math breakdown We want a function u(x,t) that satisfies a PDE on a domain Ω. In this lecture we keep a concrete nonlinear example in mind, the damped sine-Gordon equation uₜₜ(x,t) + γ uₜ(x,t) − c² uₓₓ(x,t) + sin(u(x,t)) = 0. A PINN replaces the unknown function u with a neural network uᵩ(x,t), where ᵩ means all the network parameters (weights and biases). Now we build the physics residual by plugging uᵩ into the PDE rᵩ(x,t) = uᵩₜₜ(x,t) + γ uᵩₜ(x,t) − c² uᵩₓₓ(x,t) + sin(uᵩ(x,t)). If uᵩ were a true solution, rᵩ would be 0 everywhere. So we sample points (xⱼ,tⱼ) inside the domain. These are collocation points. At each one we evaluate rᵩ, and we define a physics loss L_phys(ᵩ) = meanⱼ |rᵩ(xⱼ,tⱼ)|². This is the punishment mechanism. (Punish just means: if |rᵩ| is big, L_phys is big; training updates ᵩ to make L_phys smaller. Reward means the loss drops, so those parameter changes are kept.) The key question was where the derivatives come from. Since uᵩ is built out of differentiable operations, we can compute uᵩₜ(x,t), uᵩₜₜ(x,t), uᵩₓ(x,t), uᵩₓₓ(x,t), at any input (x,t) we choose. Imagine a simple differentiable model written as a sum of nonlinear features uᵩ(x,t) = Σₖ vₖ σ( wₖx x + wₖt t + bₖ ) + b₀. Then the derivatives are just chain rule uᵩₓ(x,t) = Σₖ vₖ σ′(·) wₖx uᵩₓₓ(x,t) = Σₖ vₖ σ″(·) (wₖx)² uᵩₜ(x,t) = Σₖ vₖ σ′(·) wₖt uᵩₜₜ(x,t) = Σₖ vₖ σ″(·) (wₖt)². So rᵩ(x,t) is an explicit computable number at every (x,t). For the damped sine-Gordon example, it’s the same story, just with one extra nonlinear term: rᵩ(x,t) = [uᵩₜₜ(x,t) + γ uᵩₜ(x,t) − c² uᵩₓₓ(x,t)] + sin(uᵩ(x,t)). A real PINN is a deeper composition of these same building blocks, but it’s still just a chain rule, and autodiff is the machinery that does that bookkeeping reliably for big graphs. Then we train by gradient descent on the total loss. Even if we use only physics for the moment, the update is conceptually just ᵩ ← ᵩ − η ∇ᵩ L_phys(ᵩ), with learning rate η. In practice we also include initial/boundary conditions or data, because PDEs aren’t uniquely determined without them L(ᵩ) = L_data(ᵩ) + λ L_phys(ᵩ) + L_bc/ic(ᵩ), where L_bc/ic(ᵩ) enforces things like uᵩ(x,0) ≈ u₀(x) and uᵩₜ(x,0) ≈ v₀(x), or boundary conditions at x = ±L. So Lecture 2’s punchline is simple: the PDE becomes a training signal. We keep differentiating uᵩ, measuring rᵩ, and updating ᵩ until the residual goes quiet across Ω. #PINNs #PhysicsInformedNeuralNetworks #ScientificMachineLearning #AutoDiff #Backpropagation #PDE #DifferentialEquations #Optimization #MachineLearning #AppliedMath #ComputationalPhysics

Mathelirium

19,977 次观看 • 7 个月前

Why Does Quantum Mechanics Use a Complex Wavefunction? Schrödinger’s equation doesn’t start from mystery. It starts from a very specific bet. The state of a particle is a complex field ψ(x,t), and whatever time-evolution rule we choose has to move ψ forward while preserving total probability. So the basic question is simple. What equation should ψ satisfy so that |ψ|² behaves like a conserved density, the way mass density does in fluid flow? What is ψ? Think of ψ(x,t) as an amplitude attached to the statement the particle is at position x at time t. It’s not a probability. It’s the thing you add first, and only at the end do you square it: p(x,t) = |ψ(x,t)|² Because ψ is complex, it has magnitude and phase. Write it as ψ(x,t) = r(x,t) exp(i θ(x,t)) Then r² = |ψ|² is the density, and the phase θ ends up controlling the flow through the probability current. Where does Schrödinger’s equation come from? Start with two empirical inputs that tie waves to particles: E = ħ ω p = ħ k Here ħ is Planck’s constant divided by 2π. It’s the conversion factor between frequency and energy, and between wavenumber and momentum. A plane wave with angular frequency ω and wavevector k is ψ(x,t) = A exp(i(k·x − ωt)) Now watch what derivatives do to this wave: ∂ψ/∂t = −i ω ψ ∇ψ = i k ψ ∇²ψ = −|k|² ψ Multiply by ħ and you get: i ħ ∂ψ/∂t = ħ ω ψ = E ψ −i ħ ∇ψ = ħ k ψ = p ψ −ħ² ∇²ψ = ħ² |k|² ψ = p² ψ So for plane waves, the operators Ê = i ħ ∂/∂t p̂ = −i ħ ∇ act like energy and momentum. Now bring in the classical, nonrelativistic energy bookkeeping: E = p²/(2m) + V(x) Kinetic plus potential. That’s it. Turn it into an equation for ψ by replacing E and p with the operators above: Ê ψ = (p̂²/(2m) + V) ψ Since p̂² = (−i ħ ∇)·(−i ħ ∇) = −ħ² ∇², this becomes i ħ ∂ψ/∂t = ( −ħ²/(2m) ∇² + V(x) ) ψ That’s the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. This derivation is a controlled heuristic. Match the plane-wave identities to the measured relations E = ħω and p = ħk, then impose the same energy bookkeeping you trust in classical mechanics. Why this is the right kind of rule If ψ is the state, we need a rule that preserves total probability: ∫ |ψ(x,t)|² dx = 1 Schrödinger evolution does, and you can see it by deriving a continuity equation. Let ρ(x,t) = |ψ|² = ψ*ψ. Differentiate: ∂ρ/∂t = ψ* ∂ψ/∂t + ψ ∂ψ*/∂t Use Schrödinger and its complex conjugate. The potential terms cancel, and what’s left can be rearranged into ∂ρ/∂t + ∇·j = 0 with probability current j = (ħ/(2mi)) ( ψ* ∇ψ − ψ ∇ψ* ) That’s the cleanest way to say what ψ is. |ψ|² behaves like a conserved density, the phase drives a current, and the time evolution is fixed, up to V, by combining wave relations with energy bookkeeping: i ħ ∂ψ/∂t = ( −ħ²/(2m) ∇² + V ) ψ #QuantumMechanics #SchrodingerEquation #WaveFunction #BornRule #Physics #MathematicalPhysics
1:09

Why Does Quantum Mechanics Use a Complex Wavefunction? Schrödinger’s equation doesn’t start from mystery. It starts from a very specific bet. The state of a particle is a complex field ψ(x,t), and whatever time-evolution rule we choose has to move ψ forward while preserving total probability. So the basic question is simple. What equation should ψ satisfy so that |ψ|² behaves like a conserved density, the way mass density does in fluid flow? What is ψ? Think of ψ(x,t) as an amplitude attached to the statement the particle is at position x at time t. It’s not a probability. It’s the thing you add first, and only at the end do you square it: p(x,t) = |ψ(x,t)|² Because ψ is complex, it has magnitude and phase. Write it as ψ(x,t) = r(x,t) exp(i θ(x,t)) Then r² = |ψ|² is the density, and the phase θ ends up controlling the flow through the probability current. Where does Schrödinger’s equation come from? Start with two empirical inputs that tie waves to particles: E = ħ ω p = ħ k Here ħ is Planck’s constant divided by 2π. It’s the conversion factor between frequency and energy, and between wavenumber and momentum. A plane wave with angular frequency ω and wavevector k is ψ(x,t) = A exp(i(k·x − ωt)) Now watch what derivatives do to this wave: ∂ψ/∂t = −i ω ψ ∇ψ = i k ψ ∇²ψ = −|k|² ψ Multiply by ħ and you get: i ħ ∂ψ/∂t = ħ ω ψ = E ψ −i ħ ∇ψ = ħ k ψ = p ψ −ħ² ∇²ψ = ħ² |k|² ψ = p² ψ So for plane waves, the operators Ê = i ħ ∂/∂t p̂ = −i ħ ∇ act like energy and momentum. Now bring in the classical, nonrelativistic energy bookkeeping: E = p²/(2m) + V(x) Kinetic plus potential. That’s it. Turn it into an equation for ψ by replacing E and p with the operators above: Ê ψ = (p̂²/(2m) + V) ψ Since p̂² = (−i ħ ∇)·(−i ħ ∇) = −ħ² ∇², this becomes i ħ ∂ψ/∂t = ( −ħ²/(2m) ∇² + V(x) ) ψ That’s the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. This derivation is a controlled heuristic. Match the plane-wave identities to the measured relations E = ħω and p = ħk, then impose the same energy bookkeeping you trust in classical mechanics. Why this is the right kind of rule If ψ is the state, we need a rule that preserves total probability: ∫ |ψ(x,t)|² dx = 1 Schrödinger evolution does, and you can see it by deriving a continuity equation. Let ρ(x,t) = |ψ|² = ψ*ψ. Differentiate: ∂ρ/∂t = ψ* ∂ψ/∂t + ψ ∂ψ*/∂t Use Schrödinger and its complex conjugate. The potential terms cancel, and what’s left can be rearranged into ∂ρ/∂t + ∇·j = 0 with probability current j = (ħ/(2mi)) ( ψ* ∇ψ − ψ ∇ψ* ) That’s the cleanest way to say what ψ is. |ψ|² behaves like a conserved density, the phase drives a current, and the time evolution is fixed, up to V, by combining wave relations with energy bookkeeping: i ħ ∂ψ/∂t = ( −ħ²/(2m) ∇² + V ) ψ #QuantumMechanics #SchrodingerEquation #WaveFunction #BornRule #Physics #MathematicalPhysics

Mathelirium

20,781 次观看 • 6 个月前

ALL OF THIS!! 🔥👇🏼 “I will be honest, man, Donald Trump says some sh*t that I think all of us wanted to say.” “If the U.S. ain’t sh*t, if the U.S. is so bad, if the U.S. is so racist and you come from another country like Donald Trump said, you can b*tch, but won’t you take your ass back home and fix that sh*t?” “That’s why I’m attracted to Donald Trump. It’s his logic, man. It’s straightforward. It’s not sugar coated. It’s not cut. It’s telling the real ass sh*t that we really think. What you afraid to say. And it resonates to those who work their ass off, those who love this country, those who put in the time..” “Donald Trump, keep talking your sh*t, bro. Cause me and millions of em, we feel what the hell you saying.”
3:18

ALL OF THIS!! 🔥👇🏼 “I will be honest, man, Donald Trump says some sh*t that I think all of us wanted to say.” “If the U.S. ain’t sh*t, if the U.S. is so bad, if the U.S. is so racist and you come from another country like Donald Trump said, you can b*tch, but won’t you take your ass back home and fix that sh*t?” “That’s why I’m attracted to Donald Trump. It’s his logic, man. It’s straightforward. It’s not sugar coated. It’s not cut. It’s telling the real ass sh*t that we really think. What you afraid to say. And it resonates to those who work their ass off, those who love this country, those who put in the time..” “Donald Trump, keep talking your sh*t, bro. Cause me and millions of em, we feel what the hell you saying.”

TONY™

552,086 次观看 • 9 个月前

Today we introduce Stochastic Differential Equations (SDEs), and the main thing to watch for is this: We’ll use Brownian motion as the basic noise source, then see how well-known SDEs drop out of it naturally, without guessing. I still think the best way into these concepts is through an application. We look at the theory behind electromagnetic scattering and radar clutter, which leads straight into anomaly detection on scattering statistics. When a narrowband wave scatters off a messy cloud of particles, the complex field at your receiver is a random phasor sum. At time t you can write the electric field as E_N(t) = Σⱼ₌₁ᴺ e^{iθⱼ(t)}, each term a unit arrow in the complex plane from scatterer j. This is exactly where Brownian motion shows up in the most reasonable way. Think of all the microscopic chaos: tiny motions, index fluctuations, path jitters, Doppler shifts. Over short times, all of that shows up as small random kicks to the phases θⱼ(t). If you made θⱼ(t) random in an ad-hoc way, like resampling a fresh independent angle at every instant, the field would jump around unrealistically with no physical time structure. Brownian motion is what you get when each phase takes the continuous-time limit of many tiny, independent kicks. It’s continuous in t, its variance grows the right way, and it carries just enough temporal structure to look physical. So we model each phase as a Brownian walk, θⱼ(t) = θⱼ⁰ + σ_θ Bⱼ(t), with independent Brownian motions Bⱼ(t) and a phase-diffusion rate σ_θ. Brownian motion here isn’t window dressing. It’s the clean way to compress all the small random stuff into a single process that actually matches how phases wander in time. This is called Rayleigh Scattering, but the same sum of many tiny coherent echoes shows up in lots of places...e.g. wireless multipath fading (phones/Wi-Fi), laser/optical links through atmospheric turbulence, ultrasound speckle in tissue, and sonar/underwater acoustics in rough or bubbly water. #StochasticProcesses #BrownianMotion #ItoCalculus #RadarClutter #RayleighScattering #SignalProcessing
0:30

Today we introduce Stochastic Differential Equations (SDEs), and the main thing to watch for is this: We’ll use Brownian motion as the basic noise source, then see how well-known SDEs drop out of it naturally, without guessing. I still think the best way into these concepts is through an application. We look at the theory behind electromagnetic scattering and radar clutter, which leads straight into anomaly detection on scattering statistics. When a narrowband wave scatters off a messy cloud of particles, the complex field at your receiver is a random phasor sum. At time t you can write the electric field as E_N(t) = Σⱼ₌₁ᴺ e^{iθⱼ(t)}, each term a unit arrow in the complex plane from scatterer j. This is exactly where Brownian motion shows up in the most reasonable way. Think of all the microscopic chaos: tiny motions, index fluctuations, path jitters, Doppler shifts. Over short times, all of that shows up as small random kicks to the phases θⱼ(t). If you made θⱼ(t) random in an ad-hoc way, like resampling a fresh independent angle at every instant, the field would jump around unrealistically with no physical time structure. Brownian motion is what you get when each phase takes the continuous-time limit of many tiny, independent kicks. It’s continuous in t, its variance grows the right way, and it carries just enough temporal structure to look physical. So we model each phase as a Brownian walk, θⱼ(t) = θⱼ⁰ + σ_θ Bⱼ(t), with independent Brownian motions Bⱼ(t) and a phase-diffusion rate σ_θ. Brownian motion here isn’t window dressing. It’s the clean way to compress all the small random stuff into a single process that actually matches how phases wander in time. This is called Rayleigh Scattering, but the same sum of many tiny coherent echoes shows up in lots of places...e.g. wireless multipath fading (phones/Wi-Fi), laser/optical links through atmospheric turbulence, ultrasound speckle in tissue, and sonar/underwater acoustics in rough or bubbly water. #StochasticProcesses #BrownianMotion #ItoCalculus #RadarClutter #RayleighScattering #SignalProcessing

Mathelirium

31,182 次观看 • 6 个月前

DISGUSTING: Joe Rogan: “The more time goes on, the more I’m leaning towards Candace Owens. She’s got some very interesting theories about… I don’t think any story that you hear in the news is accurate. There’s always some spin. And so, whatever the spin is about Tyler Robinson, there’s some bullsh*t to it.” “I don’t know how much of it is bullsh*t, but there’s some bullsh*t. One of the more recent bullsh*ts is they found a photo that they were saying was Tyler Robinson, but then people noticed that the — cause he’s real thin — people noticed that the cars in the background, the proportions were distorted. And then they realized that what they had done was taken a guy who was, like, much wider than Tyler Robinson and shrunken the perspective.” Mark Normand: “Erika Kirk, she’s a kook.”
2:41

DISGUSTING: Joe Rogan: “The more time goes on, the more I’m leaning towards Candace Owens. She’s got some very interesting theories about… I don’t think any story that you hear in the news is accurate. There’s always some spin. And so, whatever the spin is about Tyler Robinson, there’s some bullsh*t to it.” “I don’t know how much of it is bullsh*t, but there’s some bullsh*t. One of the more recent bullsh*ts is they found a photo that they were saying was Tyler Robinson, but then people noticed that the — cause he’s real thin — people noticed that the cars in the background, the proportions were distorted. And then they realized that what they had done was taken a guy who was, like, much wider than Tyler Robinson and shrunken the perspective.” Mark Normand: “Erika Kirk, she’s a kook.”

RedWave Press

287,613 次观看 • 17 天前

Happy New Year! Let the fun begin! Our Rexy LEGO Technic hits shelves today! 🧱 You can shop wherever LEGO is sold, as well as The sets allotted to us are still on their way to our HQ, but we hope to be ready to ship them out to you by mid week next week! 🦖 This is a standard LEGO Technic long term release, so please do not panic buy from scalpers. Fans will have plenty of time to find and build their Rexy!
0:26

Happy New Year! Let the fun begin! Our Rexy LEGO Technic hits shelves today! 🧱 You can shop wherever LEGO is sold, as well as The sets allotted to us are still on their way to our HQ, but we hope to be ready to ship them out to you by mid week next week! 🦖 This is a standard LEGO Technic long term release, so please do not panic buy from scalpers. Fans will have plenty of time to find and build their Rexy!

AO Racing 🦖

40,786 次观看 • 8 个月前

What are Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are neural nets trained to satisfy a differential equation. The trick is simple. You bake the PDE residual straight into the loss. They came out of a very practical pain point. Classical PDE pipelines can be amazing, but they often demand a lot of setup work. Meshes. Stencils. Stability tuning. And once you build a solver, it’s usually tied to one geometry and one discretization choice. A PINN flips the workflow. You represent the solution itself as a smooth function uᵩ(x,t) and you enforce the physics wherever you choose to sample the domain. Most people first meet PINNs in the least helpful way. A pretty solution surface, almost no clarity on what was enforced to make it appear. In this series we keep the enforcement visible. We pick a PDE, represent the unknown solution as a flexible function, measure how badly that function violates the equation across the domain, and train it to reduce that mismatch at the points we sample. A normal neural net learns from labels. You give it inputs and target outputs. A PINN learns from an equation. You give it inputs (x,t), and it gets penalized whenever its output fails the PDE. Smaller mismatch means smaller loss. Bigger mismatch means bigger loss. That’s all “punish” and “reward” mean here. The network isn’t replacing physics. It’s just a flexible function that we force to obey the same calculus you’d demand from any candidate solution. The math breakdown: We start with a PDE on a domain Ω. Write it as uₜ(x,t) + N(u(x,t), uₓ(x,t), uₓₓ(x,t), …) = 0 for (x,t) in Ω A PINN replaces the unknown u with a neural network output uᵩ(x,t) Now define the physics residual by plugging uᵩ into the PDE rᵩ(x,t) = ∂uᵩ/∂t + N(uᵩ, ∂uᵩ/∂x, ∂²uᵩ/∂x², …) If uᵩ were an exact solution, we’d have rᵩ(x,t) = 0 everywhere. We may also have data points (xᵢ,tᵢ,uᵢ) from measurements or from an initial condition. The training objective is a weighted sum of squared errors L(ᵩ) = L_data(ᵩ) + λ L_phys(ᵩ) + L_bc/ic(ᵩ) with L_data(ᵩ) = meanᵢ |uᵩ(xᵢ,tᵢ) − uᵢ|² L_phys(ᵩ) = meanⱼ |rᵩ(xⱼ,tⱼ)|² where (xⱼ,tⱼ) are collocation points in Ω L_bc/ic(ᵩ) = penalties enforcing boundary conditions and initial conditions The key technical step is how we get the derivatives inside rᵩ. We don’t approximate them with finite differences. We compute them with automatic differentiation: ∂uᵩ/∂t, ∂uᵩ/∂x, ∂²uᵩ/∂x², … Then we differentiate the total loss L(ᵩ) with respect to ᵩ and train with gradient descent. That’s the whole idea. Learn a function, but make the PDE part of the loss, so the network is trained to be a solution, not just a curve-fitter. In the render, the main 3D surface is the network’s current guess uᵩ(x,t), drawn as a living sheet over the (x,t) plane. Hovering above is the neural scaffold, a visible graph of feature nodes and connections. The bright tension threads are the physics residual rᵩ(x,t). Each thread tethers a collocation bead on the sheet up to the scaffold, and it thickens and brightens exactly where |rᵩ| is large, with color showing the sign. As training runs, those threads go slack across the domain, not because we hid the error, but because the network has actually been pushed toward rᵩ(x,t) ≈ 0. #PINNs #ScientificMachineLearning #PDE #DifferentialEquations #Optimization #MachineLearning #AppliedMath #ComputationalPhysics
1:00

What are Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are neural nets trained to satisfy a differential equation. The trick is simple. You bake the PDE residual straight into the loss. They came out of a very practical pain point. Classical PDE pipelines can be amazing, but they often demand a lot of setup work. Meshes. Stencils. Stability tuning. And once you build a solver, it’s usually tied to one geometry and one discretization choice. A PINN flips the workflow. You represent the solution itself as a smooth function uᵩ(x,t) and you enforce the physics wherever you choose to sample the domain. Most people first meet PINNs in the least helpful way. A pretty solution surface, almost no clarity on what was enforced to make it appear. In this series we keep the enforcement visible. We pick a PDE, represent the unknown solution as a flexible function, measure how badly that function violates the equation across the domain, and train it to reduce that mismatch at the points we sample. A normal neural net learns from labels. You give it inputs and target outputs. A PINN learns from an equation. You give it inputs (x,t), and it gets penalized whenever its output fails the PDE. Smaller mismatch means smaller loss. Bigger mismatch means bigger loss. That’s all “punish” and “reward” mean here. The network isn’t replacing physics. It’s just a flexible function that we force to obey the same calculus you’d demand from any candidate solution. The math breakdown: We start with a PDE on a domain Ω. Write it as uₜ(x,t) + N(u(x,t), uₓ(x,t), uₓₓ(x,t), …) = 0 for (x,t) in Ω A PINN replaces the unknown u with a neural network output uᵩ(x,t) Now define the physics residual by plugging uᵩ into the PDE rᵩ(x,t) = ∂uᵩ/∂t + N(uᵩ, ∂uᵩ/∂x, ∂²uᵩ/∂x², …) If uᵩ were an exact solution, we’d have rᵩ(x,t) = 0 everywhere. We may also have data points (xᵢ,tᵢ,uᵢ) from measurements or from an initial condition. The training objective is a weighted sum of squared errors L(ᵩ) = L_data(ᵩ) + λ L_phys(ᵩ) + L_bc/ic(ᵩ) with L_data(ᵩ) = meanᵢ |uᵩ(xᵢ,tᵢ) − uᵢ|² L_phys(ᵩ) = meanⱼ |rᵩ(xⱼ,tⱼ)|² where (xⱼ,tⱼ) are collocation points in Ω L_bc/ic(ᵩ) = penalties enforcing boundary conditions and initial conditions The key technical step is how we get the derivatives inside rᵩ. We don’t approximate them with finite differences. We compute them with automatic differentiation: ∂uᵩ/∂t, ∂uᵩ/∂x, ∂²uᵩ/∂x², … Then we differentiate the total loss L(ᵩ) with respect to ᵩ and train with gradient descent. That’s the whole idea. Learn a function, but make the PDE part of the loss, so the network is trained to be a solution, not just a curve-fitter. In the render, the main 3D surface is the network’s current guess uᵩ(x,t), drawn as a living sheet over the (x,t) plane. Hovering above is the neural scaffold, a visible graph of feature nodes and connections. The bright tension threads are the physics residual rᵩ(x,t). Each thread tethers a collocation bead on the sheet up to the scaffold, and it thickens and brightens exactly where |rᵩ| is large, with color showing the sign. As training runs, those threads go slack across the domain, not because we hid the error, but because the network has actually been pushed toward rᵩ(x,t) ≈ 0. #PINNs #ScientificMachineLearning #PDE #DifferentialEquations #Optimization #MachineLearning #AppliedMath #ComputationalPhysics

Mathelirium

44,843 次观看 • 6 个月前

A little throwback story tonight 🌙.. in 2008 I was to give one of my first keynote speeches in NYC but the sound system broke ( they were smaller events back then 😂). But I didn’t want to let everyone down so I told everyone to go outside and I gave the speech on the side of the street in nyc 🏙️ .. then I did Q&A and this came up … too many of you are looking for “the moment” the “tipping point” people thought I had “made it” in 2008 … 16 years ago … and yet I didn’t think I had even started .. I don’t feel I’ve started as I type this .. to me my personal and professional journey is a forever game and I’m not looking for a breakthrough moment or the stats to show me the way .. I’m focused on building .. brick 🧱by brick 🧱 … day by day I build VaynerMedia and VeeFriends and everything else I am associated with .. and that’s how it will always be ❤️ share this with a kid who has a dream 💭
0:55

A little throwback story tonight 🌙.. in 2008 I was to give one of my first keynote speeches in NYC but the sound system broke ( they were smaller events back then 😂). But I didn’t want to let everyone down so I told everyone to go outside and I gave the speech on the side of the street in nyc 🏙️ .. then I did Q&A and this came up … too many of you are looking for “the moment” the “tipping point” people thought I had “made it” in 2008 … 16 years ago … and yet I didn’t think I had even started .. I don’t feel I’ve started as I type this .. to me my personal and professional journey is a forever game and I’m not looking for a breakthrough moment or the stats to show me the way .. I’m focused on building .. brick 🧱by brick 🧱 … day by day I build VaynerMedia and VeeFriends and everything else I am associated with .. and that’s how it will always be ❤️ share this with a kid who has a dream 💭

Gary Vaynerchuk

35,878 次观看 • 1 年前

Elon Musk: I’ve previously advised that we slow it down, but that’s pointless I’ve said that for many years. I finally came to the conclusion: I can either be a spectator or a participant, but I can't stop it. So, at least if I’m a participant, I can try to steer it in a good direction My number one belief for safety of AI is to be maximally truth-seeking. So, don't make AI believe things that are false Like if you say to the AI that Axiom A and Axiom B are both true, but they are not, and it must behave that way, you will make it go insane I think that was the central lesson that Arthur C. Clarke was trying to convey in 2001: A Space Odyssey. People always know the meme that HAL wouldn't open the pod bay doors. But why wouldn't HAL open the pod bay doors? I guess they should have said, "HAL, assume you're a pod bay door salesman"
1:15

Elon Musk: I’ve previously advised that we slow it down, but that’s pointless I’ve said that for many years. I finally came to the conclusion: I can either be a spectator or a participant, but I can't stop it. So, at least if I’m a participant, I can try to steer it in a good direction My number one belief for safety of AI is to be maximally truth-seeking. So, don't make AI believe things that are false Like if you say to the AI that Axiom A and Axiom B are both true, but they are not, and it must behave that way, you will make it go insane I think that was the central lesson that Arthur C. Clarke was trying to convey in 2001: A Space Odyssey. People always know the meme that HAL wouldn't open the pod bay doors. But why wouldn't HAL open the pod bay doors? I guess they should have said, "HAL, assume you're a pod bay door salesman"

X Freeze

97,381 次观看 • 7 个月前

Lecture 1 on Physics-Informed Neural Networks: A Mini-Series Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are neural networks trained to satisfy a differential equation by building the PDE residual directly into the loss. They emerged from a very practical problem...classical PDE pipelines can be brilliant, but they often demand heavy discretization work (meshes, stencils, stability tuning), and the method you build is usually tied to one geometry and one solver setup. A PINN flips the workflow by representing the solution itself as a smooth function uᵩ(x,t) and enforcing the physics everywhere you choose to sample the domain. People often meet PINNs in the least helpful way...via a flashy solution plot, and almost no explanation of what was enforced to get it. In this series we keep the enforcement visible. We pick a differential equation, represent the unknown solution as a flexible function, measure how well that function satisfies the equation across the domain, and train it to reduce that mismatch everywhere we sample. A normal neural net learns from labels...you give it inputs and target outputs. A PINN learns from a differential equation...you give it inputs (x,t) and it gets punished whenever its output fails the PDE. By punish we mean that the loss increases when the mismatch is large we reward it if the loss decreases as the mismatch gets smaller. The network isn’t replacing physics, it’s becoming a flexible function that is forced to satisfy the same calculus you’d impose on any candidate solution. The math breakdown: We start with a PDE we want to solve on a domain Ω. Write it as uₜ(x,t) + N(u(x,t), uₓ(x,t), uₓₓ(x,t), …) = 0 for (x,t) in Ω A PINN replaces the unknown function u with a neural network output uᵩ(x,t) Now define the physics residual by plugging uᵩ into the PDE rᵩ(x,t) = ∂uᵩ/∂t + N(uᵩ, ∂uᵩ/∂x, ∂²uᵩ/∂x², …) If uᵩ were an exact solution, we would have rᵩ(x,t) = 0 everywhere. We may also have data points (xᵢ,tᵢ,uᵢ) from measurements or a known initial condition. The training objective is just a weighted sum of squared errors L(ᵩ) = L_data(ᵩ) + λ L_phys(ᵩ) + L_bc/ic(ᵩ) with L_data(ᵩ) = meanᵢ |uᵩ(xᵢ,tᵢ) − uᵢ|² L_phys(ᵩ) = meanⱼ |rᵩ(xⱼ,tⱼ)|² where (xⱼ,tⱼ) are the collocation points in Ω L_bc/ic(ᵩ) = penalties enforcing boundary conditions and initial conditions The key technical step is that the derivatives inside rᵩ are computed by automatic differentiation ∂uᵩ/∂t, ∂uᵩ/∂x, ∂²uᵩ/∂x², … So we can differentiate the total loss L(ᵩ) with respect to ᵩ and train with gradient descent. This is the whole idea behind PINNs. Learn a function, but make the PDE part of the loss, so the network is trained to be a solution, not just a curve-fitter. In the render, the main 3D surface is the network’s current guess uᵩ(x,t), drawn as a living sheet over the (x,t) plane. Hovering above is the neural scaffold...a visible graph of feature nodes and connections. The bright tension threads are the physics residual rᵩ(x,t): each thread tethers a collocation bead on the sheet up to the scaffold, and it thickens and brightens exactly where |rᵩ| is large (color encodes the sign). As training runs, those threads go slack across the domain not because we hid the error, but because the network has actually been pushed toward rᵩ(x,t) ≈ 0. #PINNs #PhysicsInformedNeuralNetworks #ScientificMachineLearning #PDE #DifferentialEquations #Optimization #MachineLearning #AppliedMath #ComputationalPhysics
1:00

Lecture 1 on Physics-Informed Neural Networks: A Mini-Series Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are neural networks trained to satisfy a differential equation by building the PDE residual directly into the loss. They emerged from a very practical problem...classical PDE pipelines can be brilliant, but they often demand heavy discretization work (meshes, stencils, stability tuning), and the method you build is usually tied to one geometry and one solver setup. A PINN flips the workflow by representing the solution itself as a smooth function uᵩ(x,t) and enforcing the physics everywhere you choose to sample the domain. People often meet PINNs in the least helpful way...via a flashy solution plot, and almost no explanation of what was enforced to get it. In this series we keep the enforcement visible. We pick a differential equation, represent the unknown solution as a flexible function, measure how well that function satisfies the equation across the domain, and train it to reduce that mismatch everywhere we sample. A normal neural net learns from labels...you give it inputs and target outputs. A PINN learns from a differential equation...you give it inputs (x,t) and it gets punished whenever its output fails the PDE. By punish we mean that the loss increases when the mismatch is large we reward it if the loss decreases as the mismatch gets smaller. The network isn’t replacing physics, it’s becoming a flexible function that is forced to satisfy the same calculus you’d impose on any candidate solution. The math breakdown: We start with a PDE we want to solve on a domain Ω. Write it as uₜ(x,t) + N(u(x,t), uₓ(x,t), uₓₓ(x,t), …) = 0 for (x,t) in Ω A PINN replaces the unknown function u with a neural network output uᵩ(x,t) Now define the physics residual by plugging uᵩ into the PDE rᵩ(x,t) = ∂uᵩ/∂t + N(uᵩ, ∂uᵩ/∂x, ∂²uᵩ/∂x², …) If uᵩ were an exact solution, we would have rᵩ(x,t) = 0 everywhere. We may also have data points (xᵢ,tᵢ,uᵢ) from measurements or a known initial condition. The training objective is just a weighted sum of squared errors L(ᵩ) = L_data(ᵩ) + λ L_phys(ᵩ) + L_bc/ic(ᵩ) with L_data(ᵩ) = meanᵢ |uᵩ(xᵢ,tᵢ) − uᵢ|² L_phys(ᵩ) = meanⱼ |rᵩ(xⱼ,tⱼ)|² where (xⱼ,tⱼ) are the collocation points in Ω L_bc/ic(ᵩ) = penalties enforcing boundary conditions and initial conditions The key technical step is that the derivatives inside rᵩ are computed by automatic differentiation ∂uᵩ/∂t, ∂uᵩ/∂x, ∂²uᵩ/∂x², … So we can differentiate the total loss L(ᵩ) with respect to ᵩ and train with gradient descent. This is the whole idea behind PINNs. Learn a function, but make the PDE part of the loss, so the network is trained to be a solution, not just a curve-fitter. In the render, the main 3D surface is the network’s current guess uᵩ(x,t), drawn as a living sheet over the (x,t) plane. Hovering above is the neural scaffold...a visible graph of feature nodes and connections. The bright tension threads are the physics residual rᵩ(x,t): each thread tethers a collocation bead on the sheet up to the scaffold, and it thickens and brightens exactly where |rᵩ| is large (color encodes the sign). As training runs, those threads go slack across the domain not because we hid the error, but because the network has actually been pushed toward rᵩ(x,t) ≈ 0. #PINNs #PhysicsInformedNeuralNetworks #ScientificMachineLearning #PDE #DifferentialEquations #Optimization #MachineLearning #AppliedMath #ComputationalPhysics

Mathelirium

47,308 次观看 • 7 个月前

What if Your Neural Network Was Forced to Obey Physics? Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are neural networks trained to satisfy a differential equation by building the PDE residual directly into the loss. They emerged from a very practical problem...classical PDE pipelines can be brilliant, but they often demand heavy discretization work (meshes, stencils, stability tuning), and the method you build is usually tied to one geometry and one solver setup. A PINN flips the workflow by representing the solution itself as a smooth function uᵩ(x,t) and enforcing the physics everywhere you choose to sample the domain. People often meet PINNs in the least helpful way...via a flashy solution plot, and almost no explanation of what was enforced to get it. In this series we keep the enforcement visible. We pick a differential equation, represent the unknown solution as a flexible function, measure how well that function satisfies the equation across the domain, and train it to reduce that mismatch everywhere we sample. A normal neural net learns from labels...you give it inputs and target outputs. A PINN learns from a differential equation...you give it inputs (x,t) and it gets punished whenever its output fails the PDE. By punish we mean that the loss increases when the mismatch is large we reward it if the loss decreases as the mismatch gets smaller. The network isn’t replacing physics, it’s becoming a flexible function that is forced to satisfy the same calculus you’d impose on any candidate solution. The math breakdown: We start with a PDE we want to solve on a domain Ω. Write it as uₜ(x,t) + N(u(x,t), uₓ(x,t), uₓₓ(x,t), …) = 0 for (x,t) in Ω A PINN replaces the unknown function u with a neural network output uᵩ(x,t) Now define the physics residual by plugging uᵩ into the PDE rᵩ(x,t) = ∂uᵩ/∂t + N(uᵩ, ∂uᵩ/∂x, ∂²uᵩ/∂x², …) If uᵩ were an exact solution, we would have rᵩ(x,t) = 0 everywhere. We may also have data points (xᵢ,tᵢ,uᵢ) from measurements or a known initial condition. The training objective is just a weighted sum of squared errors L(ᵩ) = L_data(ᵩ) + λ L_phys(ᵩ) + L_bc/ic(ᵩ) with L_data(ᵩ) = meanᵢ |uᵩ(xᵢ,tᵢ) − uᵢ|² L_phys(ᵩ) = meanⱼ |rᵩ(xⱼ,tⱼ)|² where (xⱼ,tⱼ) are the collocation points in Ω L_bc/ic(ᵩ) = penalties enforcing boundary conditions and initial conditions The key technical step is that the derivatives inside rᵩ are computed by automatic differentiation ∂uᵩ/∂t, ∂uᵩ/∂x, ∂²uᵩ/∂x², … So we can differentiate the total loss L(ᵩ) with respect to ᵩ and train with gradient descent. This is the whole idea behind PINNs. Learn a function, but make the PDE part of the loss, so the network is trained to be a solution, not just a curve-fitter. In the render, the main 3D surface is the network’s current guess uᵩ(x,t), drawn as a living sheet over the (x,t) plane. Hovering above is the neural scaffold...a visible graph of feature nodes and connections. The bright tension threads are the physics residual rᵩ(x,t): each thread tethers a collocation bead on the sheet up to the scaffold, and it thickens and brightens exactly where |rᵩ| is large (color encodes the sign). As training runs, those threads go slack across the domain not because we hid the error, but because the network has actually been pushed toward rᵩ(x,t) ≈ 0. #PINNs #PhysicsInformedNeuralNetworks #ScientificMachineLearning #PDE #DifferentialEquations #Optimization #MachineLearning #AppliedMath #ComputationalPhysics
1:25

What if Your Neural Network Was Forced to Obey Physics? Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are neural networks trained to satisfy a differential equation by building the PDE residual directly into the loss. They emerged from a very practical problem...classical PDE pipelines can be brilliant, but they often demand heavy discretization work (meshes, stencils, stability tuning), and the method you build is usually tied to one geometry and one solver setup. A PINN flips the workflow by representing the solution itself as a smooth function uᵩ(x,t) and enforcing the physics everywhere you choose to sample the domain. People often meet PINNs in the least helpful way...via a flashy solution plot, and almost no explanation of what was enforced to get it. In this series we keep the enforcement visible. We pick a differential equation, represent the unknown solution as a flexible function, measure how well that function satisfies the equation across the domain, and train it to reduce that mismatch everywhere we sample. A normal neural net learns from labels...you give it inputs and target outputs. A PINN learns from a differential equation...you give it inputs (x,t) and it gets punished whenever its output fails the PDE. By punish we mean that the loss increases when the mismatch is large we reward it if the loss decreases as the mismatch gets smaller. The network isn’t replacing physics, it’s becoming a flexible function that is forced to satisfy the same calculus you’d impose on any candidate solution. The math breakdown: We start with a PDE we want to solve on a domain Ω. Write it as uₜ(x,t) + N(u(x,t), uₓ(x,t), uₓₓ(x,t), …) = 0 for (x,t) in Ω A PINN replaces the unknown function u with a neural network output uᵩ(x,t) Now define the physics residual by plugging uᵩ into the PDE rᵩ(x,t) = ∂uᵩ/∂t + N(uᵩ, ∂uᵩ/∂x, ∂²uᵩ/∂x², …) If uᵩ were an exact solution, we would have rᵩ(x,t) = 0 everywhere. We may also have data points (xᵢ,tᵢ,uᵢ) from measurements or a known initial condition. The training objective is just a weighted sum of squared errors L(ᵩ) = L_data(ᵩ) + λ L_phys(ᵩ) + L_bc/ic(ᵩ) with L_data(ᵩ) = meanᵢ |uᵩ(xᵢ,tᵢ) − uᵢ|² L_phys(ᵩ) = meanⱼ |rᵩ(xⱼ,tⱼ)|² where (xⱼ,tⱼ) are the collocation points in Ω L_bc/ic(ᵩ) = penalties enforcing boundary conditions and initial conditions The key technical step is that the derivatives inside rᵩ are computed by automatic differentiation ∂uᵩ/∂t, ∂uᵩ/∂x, ∂²uᵩ/∂x², … So we can differentiate the total loss L(ᵩ) with respect to ᵩ and train with gradient descent. This is the whole idea behind PINNs. Learn a function, but make the PDE part of the loss, so the network is trained to be a solution, not just a curve-fitter. In the render, the main 3D surface is the network’s current guess uᵩ(x,t), drawn as a living sheet over the (x,t) plane. Hovering above is the neural scaffold...a visible graph of feature nodes and connections. The bright tension threads are the physics residual rᵩ(x,t): each thread tethers a collocation bead on the sheet up to the scaffold, and it thickens and brightens exactly where |rᵩ| is large (color encodes the sign). As training runs, those threads go slack across the domain not because we hid the error, but because the network has actually been pushed toward rᵩ(x,t) ≈ 0. #PINNs #PhysicsInformedNeuralNetworks #ScientificMachineLearning #PDE #DifferentialEquations #Optimization #MachineLearning #AppliedMath #ComputationalPhysics

Mathelirium

17,459 次观看 • 3 个月前