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First Principles Ep. 3 with Leslie Lamport Before blockchains could reach consensus, Leslie Lamport had to define what agreement even meant when computers fail, lie, or disappear. Hosted by Tim Roughgarden with Ittai Abraham. 00:00 The problem every blockchain is built to solve 02:52 Why concurrent systems are surprisingly... show more

a16z crypto

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a16z cryptovor 4 Monaten

First Principles Ep. 2 w/ Barbara Liskov Every blockchain alive today leans on replication ideas worked out in the 1980s, by a Turing Award winner who wasn’t thinking about how it might apply to money at all. Hosted by @Tim_Roughgarden with @ittaia. 00:00 How do systems stay reliable when parts fail? 01:18 Barbara Liskov’s path from programming languages to distributed systems 05:45 Why modularity is “everything” 07:22 The replication problem: keeping data available across many machines 09:58 Viewstamped replication and the “ledger” before blockchains 16:32 Why good research starts with what you don’t understand 18:10 Leslie Lamport, Paxos, and the inevitability of ideas in the right time, in the right place 21:48 Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance: what changes when replicas can lie 19:35 How PBFT bridged theory and practical systems 22:38 Why you should never trust an individual replica 28:39 Why blockchains are state machine replication in the wild 31:27 AI, verification, and the future of computer science

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a16z cryptovor 4 Monaten

First Principles Ep. 1 Bitcoin gets credited with inventing trustless consensus. It didn’t. The problem was named in the 1980s, and it took the research world years to even notice Satoshi had solved it. A new series hosted by @Tim_Roughgarden, with @ittaia. 00:00 Introduction to First Principles: The Scientific Roots of Blockchain Technology 00:56 Why consensus matters for blockchains 02:30 Byzantine agreement: The old computer science problem Bitcoin made practical 04:34 Blockchains as a shared system of record: State machine replication and blockchain state 06:41 How two research worlds — distributed computing and crypto — began to converge 07:49 Proof of work vs. proof of stake 09:27 Why Ethereum’s move to proof-of-stake took years 11:08 When crypto rediscovered decades of distributed systems research 12:49 Throughput, latency, and modern consensus design 14:05 DAG-based protocols and faster blockchains 15:25 Peace time vs. war time: why modern blockchains need two modes 16:47 Theory, practice, and the future of blockchain research

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a16z cryptovor 4 Monaten

A handful of ideas hold up the entire digital world, but most of us never learn where they came from. So we went to the source: the people who solved these problems, and won Turing Awards and Nobel Prizes for it. First Principles, hosted by @Tim_Roughgarden. First episode out now.

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Geração Alphavor 4 Monaten

@Tim_Roughgarden @ittaia teoria legal mas a gente so lança meme na solana e torce pra 100x

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João Capitalvor 4 Monaten

@Tim_Roughgarden @ittaia Como o apoio da DARPA influenciou o desenvolvimento de algoritmos como o Paxos?

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Daniel Vargasvor 4 Monaten

@Tim_Roughgarden @ittaia una vez en p2p dos vendedores me dieron saldos distintos y no supe cual creer, perdi la transaccion.

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Ananth Narayanvor 4 Monaten

@Tim_Roughgarden @ittaia Are these interviews on YouTube as well?

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hiimrave.icp Ƹ̵̡Ӝ̵̨̄Ʒ ∞vor 4 Monaten

@Tim_Roughgarden @ittaia Interview @dominic_w hes the best $ICP

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✨ 𝑺𝒐𝒑𝒉𝒊𝒆 | 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉 & 𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 ✨vor 4 Monaten

@Tim_Roughgarden @ittaia

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FuegoDevvor 3 Monaten

@Tim_Roughgarden @ittaia Paxos and PBFT solve agreement on ordering when proposers can fail or lie. @RetiumChain 's mesh sidesteps that specific problem: block position is computed from factorization, not proposed and voted on. Keepers still agree on canonical ticks, just not on competing proposals.

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First Principles Ep. 1 Bitcoin gets credited with inventing trustless consensus. It didn’t. The problem was named in the 1980s, and it took the research world years to even notice Satoshi had solved it. A new series hosted by Tim Roughgarden, with Ittai Abraham. 00:00 Introduction to First Principles: The Scientific Roots of Blockchain Technology 00:56 Why consensus matters for blockchains 02:30 Byzantine agreement: The old computer science problem Bitcoin made practical 04:34 Blockchains as a shared system of record: State machine replication and blockchain state 06:41 How two research worlds — distributed computing and crypto — began to converge 07:49 Proof of work vs. proof of stake 09:27 Why Ethereum’s move to proof-of-stake took years 11:08 When crypto rediscovered decades of distributed systems research 12:49 Throughput, latency, and modern consensus design 14:05 DAG-based protocols and faster blockchains 15:25 Peace time vs. war time: why modern blockchains need two modes 16:47 Theory, practice, and the future of blockchain research

First Principles Ep. 1 Bitcoin gets credited with inventing trustless consensus. It didn’t. The problem was named in the 1980s, and it took the research world years to even notice Satoshi had solved it. A new series hosted by Tim Roughgarden, with Ittai Abraham. 00:00 Introduction to First Principles: The Scientific Roots of Blockchain Technology 00:56 Why consensus matters for blockchains 02:30 Byzantine agreement: The old computer science problem Bitcoin made practical 04:34 Blockchains as a shared system of record: State machine replication and blockchain state 06:41 How two research worlds — distributed computing and crypto — began to converge 07:49 Proof of work vs. proof of stake 09:27 Why Ethereum’s move to proof-of-stake took years 11:08 When crypto rediscovered decades of distributed systems research 12:49 Throughput, latency, and modern consensus design 14:05 DAG-based protocols and faster blockchains 15:25 Peace time vs. war time: why modern blockchains need two modes 16:47 Theory, practice, and the future of blockchain research

a16z Frontier

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First Principles Ep. 2 w/ Barbara Liskov Every blockchain alive today leans on replication ideas worked out in the 1980s, by a Turing Award winner who wasn’t thinking about how it might apply to money at all. Hosted by Tim Roughgarden with Ittai Abraham. 00:00 How do systems stay reliable when parts fail? 01:18 Barbara Liskov’s path from programming languages to distributed systems 05:45 Why modularity is “everything” 07:22 The replication problem: keeping data available across many machines 09:58 Viewstamped replication and the “ledger” before blockchains 16:32 Why good research starts with what you don’t understand 18:10 Leslie Lamport, Paxos, and the inevitability of ideas in the right time, in the right place 21:48 Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance: what changes when replicas can lie 19:35 How PBFT bridged theory and practical systems 22:38 Why you should never trust an individual replica 28:39 Why blockchains are state machine replication in the wild 31:27 AI, verification, and the future of computer science

First Principles Ep. 2 w/ Barbara Liskov Every blockchain alive today leans on replication ideas worked out in the 1980s, by a Turing Award winner who wasn’t thinking about how it might apply to money at all. Hosted by Tim Roughgarden with Ittai Abraham. 00:00 How do systems stay reliable when parts fail? 01:18 Barbara Liskov’s path from programming languages to distributed systems 05:45 Why modularity is “everything” 07:22 The replication problem: keeping data available across many machines 09:58 Viewstamped replication and the “ledger” before blockchains 16:32 Why good research starts with what you don’t understand 18:10 Leslie Lamport, Paxos, and the inevitability of ideas in the right time, in the right place 21:48 Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance: what changes when replicas can lie 19:35 How PBFT bridged theory and practical systems 22:38 Why you should never trust an individual replica 28:39 Why blockchains are state machine replication in the wild 31:27 AI, verification, and the future of computer science

a16z crypto

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Leslie Lamport won a Turing award for his fundamental contributions to distributed systems. For instance, he invented the Paxos consensus algorithm that is a critical component of many distributed systems today. I interviewed him about his work and career. We discussed: • Why he never considered himself smart • The stories behind Paxos and Byzantine Generals Problem • Experiences working with Dijkstra • Paxos vs Raft Algorithms • How to improve your thinking Where to watch: • YouTube: • Spotify: • Apple Podcasts: • Transcript:

Leslie Lamport won a Turing award for his fundamental contributions to distributed systems. For instance, he invented the Paxos consensus algorithm that is a critical component of many distributed systems today. I interviewed him about his work and career. We discussed: • Why he never considered himself smart • The stories behind Paxos and Byzantine Generals Problem • Experiences working with Dijkstra • Paxos vs Raft Algorithms • How to improve your thinking Where to watch: • YouTube: • Spotify: • Apple Podcasts: • Transcript:

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ARC-AGI is redefining how to measure progress on the path to AGI - focusing on reasoning, generalization, and adaptability instead of memorization or scale. At NeurIPS 2025, YC's Diana sat down with ARC Prize President Greg Kamradt to find out why most AI benchmarks fail, how ARC-AGI reveals the limits of today’s models, and why measuring intelligence may be harder than building it. 00:11 — What ARC Prize is and why it exists 00:38 — François Chollet’s definition of AGI 01:48 — What ARC-AGI Actually Tests 02:25 — When LLMs Failed the ARC Benchmark 03:38 — ARC-AGI Becomes the Standard 04:49 — False Positives in AI Progress 06:06 — The Evolution of ARC-AGI 08:55 — Measuring Intelligence beyond just accuracy 10:25 — What happens if a model solves ARC-AGI?

ARC-AGI is redefining how to measure progress on the path to AGI - focusing on reasoning, generalization, and adaptability instead of memorization or scale. At NeurIPS 2025, YC's Diana sat down with ARC Prize President Greg Kamradt to find out why most AI benchmarks fail, how ARC-AGI reveals the limits of today’s models, and why measuring intelligence may be harder than building it. 00:11 — What ARC Prize is and why it exists 00:38 — François Chollet’s definition of AGI 01:48 — What ARC-AGI Actually Tests 02:25 — When LLMs Failed the ARC Benchmark 03:38 — ARC-AGI Becomes the Standard 04:49 — False Positives in AI Progress 06:06 — The Evolution of ARC-AGI 08:55 — Measuring Intelligence beyond just accuracy 10:25 — What happens if a model solves ARC-AGI?

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What happens when public blockchain meets financial market infrastructure? Angus Scott of the Solana Research Institute (SRI) joins Ben Brophy on House of Sol to discuss MEV, stablecoins, regulation, risk and how onchain infrastructure could change the dynamics of financial markets. 00:00 - Angus’ background in financial market infrastructure 03:52 - Why the Solana Research Institute was created 07:48 - Risk and resilience on public blockchains 10:00 - MEV and market abuse 14:21 - The key issues SRI is focused on 17:41 - Network effects and established financial infrastructure 22:41 - What SRI does and its work with financial institutions

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First Principles Ep. 5 with Paul Milgrom One of the most important auction designs in modern history was sold to the FCC on a 3.5-inch disk. Nobel Prize winner Paul Milgrom on auctions, price discovery, and how mechanism design became real-world infrastructure — from spectrum auctions to DeFi. Hosted by Tim Roughgarden with Scott Kominers. 00:00 Intro: economics assumptions that are “just wrong” 02:19 Scott Kominers and Tim Roughgarden on the genius of Paul Milgrom 05:35 An intro to the Glosten-Milgrom model: The paper that created entire fields of economics 07:48 The auction theory breakthroughs of the 1980s 17:15 Why market microstructure matters for DeFi 24:17 When math teaches economics something new 32:38 How theory became spectrum auction design 36:22 The floppy disk that helped convince the FCC 41:05 What changed when auctions moved online 45:28 The auction that reorganized television 1:07:30 What economics and computer science can learn from each other 1:13:22 Futures markets for compute 1:15:12 Paul Milgrom’s advice for builders

First Principles Ep. 5 with Paul Milgrom One of the most important auction designs in modern history was sold to the FCC on a 3.5-inch disk. Nobel Prize winner Paul Milgrom on auctions, price discovery, and how mechanism design became real-world infrastructure — from spectrum auctions to DeFi. Hosted by Tim Roughgarden with Scott Kominers. 00:00 Intro: economics assumptions that are “just wrong” 02:19 Scott Kominers and Tim Roughgarden on the genius of Paul Milgrom 05:35 An intro to the Glosten-Milgrom model: The paper that created entire fields of economics 07:48 The auction theory breakthroughs of the 1980s 17:15 Why market microstructure matters for DeFi 24:17 When math teaches economics something new 32:38 How theory became spectrum auction design 36:22 The floppy disk that helped convince the FCC 41:05 What changed when auctions moved online 45:28 The auction that reorganized television 1:07:30 What economics and computer science can learn from each other 1:13:22 Futures markets for compute 1:15:12 Paul Milgrom’s advice for builders

a16z crypto

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Enough of the fluff. Time for some real advice. Launch your GPT 5.6 Sol Pro. Use the following prompt (feel free to swap the second and third lines for something of your choice): Prove for me that the group of rational points on the elliptic curve (y^2=x^3+17) is finitely generated. I want to tailor the general proof to this particular case to narrow down my understanding to a particular case. Write down a full mathematical proof, step by step, in Leslie Lamport style. Unpack all the definitions and notions so that it is fully self-contained. An example here: Notice how Sol is spawning all the subagents to complete the task. What is "Leslie Lamport style"? It's a technique where you split your proof into short, one-line sentences (claims) that are easy to justify. In a situation where your proof is not a 1-to-1 translation of, e.g., Python code, the Leslie Lamport-style proof can be treated as such. It tremendously improves the possibility of verifying each claim and helps the model structure the arguments in a very clear way. Leslie Lamport, a legendary mathematician and computer scientist, was a promoter of this way of structuring proofs. Partly because of that, he created an extension of Donald Knuth’s typesetting system TeX called LaTeX. Here you can read about "Leslie Lamport-style proofs":

Enough of the fluff. Time for some real advice. Launch your GPT 5.6 Sol Pro. Use the following prompt (feel free to swap the second and third lines for something of your choice): Prove for me that the group of rational points on the elliptic curve (y^2=x^3+17) is finitely generated. I want to tailor the general proof to this particular case to narrow down my understanding to a particular case. Write down a full mathematical proof, step by step, in Leslie Lamport style. Unpack all the definitions and notions so that it is fully self-contained. An example here: Notice how Sol is spawning all the subagents to complete the task. What is "Leslie Lamport style"? It's a technique where you split your proof into short, one-line sentences (claims) that are easy to justify. In a situation where your proof is not a 1-to-1 translation of, e.g., Python code, the Leslie Lamport-style proof can be treated as such. It tremendously improves the possibility of verifying each claim and helps the model structure the arguments in a very clear way. Leslie Lamport, a legendary mathematician and computer scientist, was a promoter of this way of structuring proofs. Partly because of that, he created an extension of Donald Knuth’s typesetting system TeX called LaTeX. Here you can read about "Leslie Lamport-style proofs":

Bartosz Naskręcki

31,115 Aufrufe • vor 4 Monaten

It started on a napkin. Turing Award winner Leslie Lamport on sketching a piece of modern cryptography in a Berkeley coffee shop, and how the fault model behind every blockchain came from research on keeping airplanes in the sky: "I was one of the few people in the world who happened to have heard about digital signatures… So I just wrote, literally on a napkin, a simple algorithm for writing digital signatures." "They had to assume that it could do anything, and therefore they were faced with the Byzantine generals problem… Once hackers started appearing on the scene, it was obvious that you really did need Byzantine fault tolerance."

It started on a napkin. Turing Award winner Leslie Lamport on sketching a piece of modern cryptography in a Berkeley coffee shop, and how the fault model behind every blockchain came from research on keeping airplanes in the sky: "I was one of the few people in the world who happened to have heard about digital signatures… So I just wrote, literally on a napkin, a simple algorithm for writing digital signatures." "They had to assume that it could do anything, and therefore they were faced with the Byzantine generals problem… Once hackers started appearing on the scene, it was obvious that you really did need Byzantine fault tolerance."

a16z crypto

53,101 Aufrufe • vor 4 Monaten

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a16z crypto

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Satoshi's Last Wish - The Full Story 00:00 Intro 00:41 Before Bitcoin: The Failure of DigiCash 01:37 The 12-Year Struggle: Cypherpunks vs. The Centralization Problem 03:01 Enter Bitcoin: Satoshi’s Proposed Solution To The Centralization Problem 05:20 Early Days: Bitcoin’s First Blogpost & Satoshi’s Webpage 10:07 Bitcoin’s Major Flaw: The Second Problem Satoshi Wanted to Solve 12:31 Satoshi Proposes A Solution To Bitcoin’s Privacy Problem 14:03 What Did Satoshi Mean By A More Useable Version of Bitcoin? 17:20 Passing The Torch: Solving What Satoshi Couldn’t

Satoshi's Last Wish - The Full Story 00:00 Intro 00:41 Before Bitcoin: The Failure of DigiCash 01:37 The 12-Year Struggle: Cypherpunks vs. The Centralization Problem 03:01 Enter Bitcoin: Satoshi’s Proposed Solution To The Centralization Problem 05:20 Early Days: Bitcoin’s First Blogpost & Satoshi’s Webpage 10:07 Bitcoin’s Major Flaw: The Second Problem Satoshi Wanted to Solve 12:31 Satoshi Proposes A Solution To Bitcoin’s Privacy Problem 14:03 What Did Satoshi Mean By A More Useable Version of Bitcoin? 17:20 Passing The Torch: Solving What Satoshi Couldn’t

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290,713 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr

First Principles Ep. 4 with Alvin Roth Long before crypto made coordination programmable, Nobel Prize winner Alvin Roth was designing markets where coordination could save lives, matching doctors to hospitals, students to schools, and kidney donors to the patients who need them. Roth explains why markets are not just natural forces, but engineered systems; why the details of timing, congestion, incentives, and trust can make or break a marketplace; and why some of the most important markets are the ones where simply exchanging money can’t do the work. Hosted by Tim Roughgarden with Scott Kominers. 00:00 Intro: Why market design matters 04:18 The economist as engineer 08:09 When theory meets the real world 07:02 Fixing the medical residency match 15:32 Why markets unravel 18:22 Redesigning NYC high school admissions 28:05 The hidden problem of congestion 34:47 How kidney exchange saves lives 45:26 How the internet changed market design 48:25 Airbnb, Uber and smarter marketplaces 51:28 Repugnant transactions and moral economics 53:32 When markets need social support 54:32 The unexpected effects of criminalizing surrogacy 01:04:58 Preference signals and the job market 01:18:53 A broken market: resettling refugees and other migrants

First Principles Ep. 4 with Alvin Roth Long before crypto made coordination programmable, Nobel Prize winner Alvin Roth was designing markets where coordination could save lives, matching doctors to hospitals, students to schools, and kidney donors to the patients who need them. Roth explains why markets are not just natural forces, but engineered systems; why the details of timing, congestion, incentives, and trust can make or break a marketplace; and why some of the most important markets are the ones where simply exchanging money can’t do the work. Hosted by Tim Roughgarden with Scott Kominers. 00:00 Intro: Why market design matters 04:18 The economist as engineer 08:09 When theory meets the real world 07:02 Fixing the medical residency match 15:32 Why markets unravel 18:22 Redesigning NYC high school admissions 28:05 The hidden problem of congestion 34:47 How kidney exchange saves lives 45:26 How the internet changed market design 48:25 Airbnb, Uber and smarter marketplaces 51:28 Repugnant transactions and moral economics 53:32 When markets need social support 54:32 The unexpected effects of criminalizing surrogacy 01:04:58 Preference signals and the job market 01:18:53 A broken market: resettling refugees and other migrants

a16z crypto

127,644 Aufrufe • vor 4 Monaten

First Principles Ep. 7 with Noam Nisan More than 30 years ago, Gödel Prize winner Noam Nisan helped develop a proof technique he never expected anyone to use in the real world. Today, the sum-check protocol sits at the heart of some of the fastest modern SNARKs. Nisan traces its unlikely journey from early work on interactive proofs and IP = PSPACE to practical systems for verifiable computation. But Nisan’s career also tells a broader story about how research responds to technological change. When the web arrived in the 1990s, he deliberately left a field in which he was already a leading researcher to understand a new problem: How do you get independent actors on the internet to cooperate when they have different incentives? That question helped give rise to algorithmic game theory — and, decades later, brought Nisan back to questions around blockchain fees, token economics, and protocol design. Hosted by Tim Roughgarden with Justin Thaler 0:00 Intro 1:28 Noam Nisan and the origins of verifiable computation 2:58 Why Noam Nisan left complexity theory 7:52 POPcorn, distributed computing, and early blockchain-like ideas 11:10 The birth of algorithmic game theory 16:14 Justin Thaler discovers the sum-check protocol 25:05 From arithmetization to LFKN 27:06 The story behind IP = PSPACE 30:40 Why sum-check matters for modern SNARKs 31:15 What is a SNARK? 38:52 The key idea behind sum-check: turning two into one 44:03 When SNARKs went from theory to practice 46:03 Why blockchains were the breakthrough use case 50:36 Noam Nisan’s move into blockchain economics 56:15 EIP-1559, transaction fees, and efficient blockspace 1:02:07 From theoretical computer science to real-world systems 1:08:49 Boiling down the sum-check protocol: Two become one 1:10:58 Is the sum-check protocol optimal?

First Principles Ep. 7 with Noam Nisan More than 30 years ago, Gödel Prize winner Noam Nisan helped develop a proof technique he never expected anyone to use in the real world. Today, the sum-check protocol sits at the heart of some of the fastest modern SNARKs. Nisan traces its unlikely journey from early work on interactive proofs and IP = PSPACE to practical systems for verifiable computation. But Nisan’s career also tells a broader story about how research responds to technological change. When the web arrived in the 1990s, he deliberately left a field in which he was already a leading researcher to understand a new problem: How do you get independent actors on the internet to cooperate when they have different incentives? That question helped give rise to algorithmic game theory — and, decades later, brought Nisan back to questions around blockchain fees, token economics, and protocol design. Hosted by Tim Roughgarden with Justin Thaler 0:00 Intro 1:28 Noam Nisan and the origins of verifiable computation 2:58 Why Noam Nisan left complexity theory 7:52 POPcorn, distributed computing, and early blockchain-like ideas 11:10 The birth of algorithmic game theory 16:14 Justin Thaler discovers the sum-check protocol 25:05 From arithmetization to LFKN 27:06 The story behind IP = PSPACE 30:40 Why sum-check matters for modern SNARKs 31:15 What is a SNARK? 38:52 The key idea behind sum-check: turning two into one 44:03 When SNARKs went from theory to practice 46:03 Why blockchains were the breakthrough use case 50:36 Noam Nisan’s move into blockchain economics 56:15 EIP-1559, transaction fees, and efficient blockspace 1:02:07 From theoretical computer science to real-world systems 1:08:49 Boiling down the sum-check protocol: Two become one 1:10:58 Is the sum-check protocol optimal?

a16z Frontier

63,520 Aufrufe • vor 3 Monaten

Continuum Ep. 13 | The Iran War Keith and Ryan discuss America and Israel’s disastrous war with Iran, its economic effects, and how it ends: 00:00 Introduction 1:50 What is happening the oil market? 5:04 The MOU 8:47 Israel and the origins of the war 12:29 Why did negotiations really collapse? 17:25 The rapid breakdown of the MOU 21:10 Is the new Iranian leadership more radical? 24:06 Do Iranians support the Islamic Republic? 27:33 Air power and drones 34:22 The stop-start negotiations 39:40 U.S.-European relations 48:03 Energy crisis? 52:29 How does it end?

Continuum Ep. 13 | The Iran War Keith and Ryan discuss America and Israel’s disastrous war with Iran, its economic effects, and how it ends: 00:00 Introduction 1:50 What is happening the oil market? 5:04 The MOU 8:47 Israel and the origins of the war 12:29 Why did negotiations really collapse? 17:25 The rapid breakdown of the MOU 21:10 Is the new Iranian leadership more radical? 24:06 Do Iranians support the Islamic Republic? 27:33 Air power and drones 34:22 The stop-start negotiations 39:40 U.S.-European relations 48:03 Energy crisis? 52:29 How does it end?

Europa.com

58,194 Aufrufe • vor 2 Monaten

Context Rot! What is it? What does it mean? New video breaking down Chroma's latest paper and applying it to interacting with AI 00:00 - What is Context? 04:44 - The Flaw of "Needle in a Haystack" 10:22 - How Distractors Degrade AI Performance 14:31 - The Impact of Prompt Structure 25:55 - Why Unrelated Needles Are Easier to Find 31:02 - The Unreliability of Text Replication 37:03 - Actionable Takeaways for Better Prompting

Context Rot! What is it? What does it mean? New video breaking down Chroma's latest paper and applying it to interacting with AI 00:00 - What is Context? 04:44 - The Flaw of "Needle in a Haystack" 10:22 - How Distractors Degrade AI Performance 14:31 - The Impact of Prompt Structure 25:55 - Why Unrelated Needles Are Easier to Find 31:02 - The Unreliability of Text Replication 37:03 - Actionable Takeaways for Better Prompting

matt palmer

22,103 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr

Quantum computers: the “NEVER” case. At StarkWare, we’re preparing for Q-Day because we believe quantum computers pose a real threat. But we want to explore every side of the debate. So Eli Ben-Sasson | Starknet.io sat down with leading quantum skeptic Gil Kalai. Enjoy the discussion 🔽 0:00 Greetings and introduction 0:46 The good old university days 2:30 Will we ever see quantum computers? 4:47 What is “noise” in quantum computing? 6:16 Why is noise such a major problem? 8:37 Can quantum computers overcome it? 10:44 Why does Gil believe quantum computers cannot be built? 15:02 Can error-correcting codes solve the noise problem? 18:30 Should Bitcoin and crypto prepare for quantum computers? 20:25 How to explore quantum computing research 24:57 AI for mathematics 28:52 Gil and Eli get philosophical (!) 31:12 Quick-fire questions 35:56 Parting words

Quantum computers: the “NEVER” case. At StarkWare, we’re preparing for Q-Day because we believe quantum computers pose a real threat. But we want to explore every side of the debate. So Eli Ben-Sasson | Starknet.io sat down with leading quantum skeptic Gil Kalai. Enjoy the discussion 🔽 0:00 Greetings and introduction 0:46 The good old university days 2:30 Will we ever see quantum computers? 4:47 What is “noise” in quantum computing? 6:16 Why is noise such a major problem? 8:37 Can quantum computers overcome it? 10:44 Why does Gil believe quantum computers cannot be built? 15:02 Can error-correcting codes solve the noise problem? 18:30 Should Bitcoin and crypto prepare for quantum computers? 20:25 How to explore quantum computing research 24:57 AI for mathematics 28:52 Gil and Eli get philosophical (!) 31:12 Quick-fire questions 35:56 Parting words

StarkWare 🥷

15,558 Aufrufe • vor 2 Monaten

Hey Siri, why are American kids so sick? Aaron Siri on DarkHorse with Bret Weinstein : 00:00:00 Welcome Aaron Siri 00:05:22 Vaccines: Then vs. Now 00:18:04 What We Don’t Know About Childhood Vaccines 00:33:45 Financial Incentives in Vaccine Development 00:52:02 Polio Vaccine: Unintended Consequences 00:55:39 The Polio Story as a Red Pill 01:25:32 HIV Origins & Parallels to COVID 01:45:04 Rethinking the Spanish Flu 01:47:31 When Interventions Cause Harm 01:49:40 Measles Mortality Data 01:56:07 Health Before Vaccination 02:03:17 Defining “Vaccine” 02:05:01 Why Hep B Remains on the Schedule 02:11:29 Autism & Vaccines 02:20:02 The Tyranny of Vaccine Mandates 02:35:27 Scientific vs. Legal Fraud 02:53:00 Trump Administration & the Childhood Schedule 03:04:38 Think of Vaccines as a Product

Hey Siri, why are American kids so sick? Aaron Siri on DarkHorse with Bret Weinstein : 00:00:00 Welcome Aaron Siri 00:05:22 Vaccines: Then vs. Now 00:18:04 What We Don’t Know About Childhood Vaccines 00:33:45 Financial Incentives in Vaccine Development 00:52:02 Polio Vaccine: Unintended Consequences 00:55:39 The Polio Story as a Red Pill 01:25:32 HIV Origins & Parallels to COVID 01:45:04 Rethinking the Spanish Flu 01:47:31 When Interventions Cause Harm 01:49:40 Measles Mortality Data 01:56:07 Health Before Vaccination 02:03:17 Defining “Vaccine” 02:05:01 Why Hep B Remains on the Schedule 02:11:29 Autism & Vaccines 02:20:02 The Tyranny of Vaccine Mandates 02:35:27 Scientific vs. Legal Fraud 02:53:00 Trump Administration & the Childhood Schedule 03:04:38 Think of Vaccines as a Product

The DarkHorse Podcast

69,778 Aufrufe • vor 10 Monaten

What Is $DOG (Bitcoin) - 100x Possible? ⌚️Timestamps 00:00 Intro 00:02 What is $DOG can it do 100x? 01:33 What is the story behind $DOG 07:54 #Ordinals movement 11:40 The birth of $DOG itself 17:26 #Runes protocol 23:24 What Happens Next? 31:04 Q&A

What Is $DOG (Bitcoin) - 100x Possible? ⌚️Timestamps 00:00 Intro 00:02 What is $DOG can it do 100x? 01:33 What is the story behind $DOG 07:54 #Ordinals movement 11:40 The birth of $DOG itself 17:26 #Runes protocol 23:24 What Happens Next? 31:04 Q&A

TheBrownCowboy - Taha Salahuddin Abbasi

14,855 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr

First Principles Ep. 6 with Shafi Goldwasser What if you could prove something is true without revealing why it’s true? Turing Award winner Shafi Goldwasser tells the origin story of zero-knowledge proofs: how a playful question about playing poker securely over the telephone led her, Silvio Micali, and Charles Rackoff to rethink what a mathematical proof could be. Goldwasser traces those ideas through interactive proofs, the sum-check protocol, SNARKs, and the systems now used to verify computation and preserve privacy on blockchains. She also reflects on why breakthrough ideas are often rejected at first, how toy problems can produce foundational theories, and whether AI systems should have to prove their answers. Hosted by Tim Roughgarden with Justin Thaler 00:00 Intro 03:36 How mental poker inspired zero-knowledge proofs: Proving that something is true without revealing the underlying information 06:30 The simulation paradigm and the meaning of “zero knowledge” 08:33 Why the original paper was repeatedly rejected 10:33 How interactive proofs became more powerful than conventional proofs 13:36 The road to modern SNARKs 19:02 Why the sum-check protocol is so useful for verifiable computation 25:31 Why many so-called “zk proofs” are not actually zero knowledge 34:06 Why toy examples, playfulness, and narratives can produce deep theory 37:23 The role of rigor and computational assumptions in cryptography 42:44 Applying zero-knowledge proofs to law, evidence, and secret software 45:23 Training AI systems to provide proofs alongside their answers 54:27 Why genuinely new ideas are often difficult for experts to recognize

First Principles Ep. 6 with Shafi Goldwasser What if you could prove something is true without revealing why it’s true? Turing Award winner Shafi Goldwasser tells the origin story of zero-knowledge proofs: how a playful question about playing poker securely over the telephone led her, Silvio Micali, and Charles Rackoff to rethink what a mathematical proof could be. Goldwasser traces those ideas through interactive proofs, the sum-check protocol, SNARKs, and the systems now used to verify computation and preserve privacy on blockchains. She also reflects on why breakthrough ideas are often rejected at first, how toy problems can produce foundational theories, and whether AI systems should have to prove their answers. Hosted by Tim Roughgarden with Justin Thaler 00:00 Intro 03:36 How mental poker inspired zero-knowledge proofs: Proving that something is true without revealing the underlying information 06:30 The simulation paradigm and the meaning of “zero knowledge” 08:33 Why the original paper was repeatedly rejected 10:33 How interactive proofs became more powerful than conventional proofs 13:36 The road to modern SNARKs 19:02 Why the sum-check protocol is so useful for verifiable computation 25:31 Why many so-called “zk proofs” are not actually zero knowledge 34:06 Why toy examples, playfulness, and narratives can produce deep theory 37:23 The role of rigor and computational assumptions in cryptography 42:44 Applying zero-knowledge proofs to law, evidence, and secret software 45:23 Training AI systems to provide proofs alongside their answers 54:27 Why genuinely new ideas are often difficult for experts to recognize

a16z Frontier

203,553 Aufrufe • vor 3 Monaten

Full Shard Podcast: Episode 12 - SUPERNOVA When technology becomes fast enough, it disappears. In this episode, Beniamin Mincu |🇺🇸/acc and Adrian Dobrita step back from specs and roadmaps to talk about what Supernova really represents. From redefining what a blockchain is, to why speed changes human behavior, to how AI agents may soon need blockchains to coordinate, this is a big-picture conversation about building systems that can keep up with the future. Not just about how it works. But about why it matters. 00:00 - The Importance of Speed 8:44 - What is Actually a Blockchain? 11:54 - How to Build the Future 18:16 - How Supernova Works 21:55 - The New Consensus and Execution Mechanisms 32:46 - What Supernova Enables 41:41 - ZK and Privacy on MultiversX 43:14 - Building a Blockchain From Scratch 47:48 - Supernova Launch Date 49:04 - How to Deal with Challenges 51:15 - Ending Thoughts

Full Shard Podcast: Episode 12 - SUPERNOVA When technology becomes fast enough, it disappears. In this episode, Beniamin Mincu |🇺🇸/acc and Adrian Dobrita step back from specs and roadmaps to talk about what Supernova really represents. From redefining what a blockchain is, to why speed changes human behavior, to how AI agents may soon need blockchains to coordinate, this is a big-picture conversation about building systems that can keep up with the future. Not just about how it works. But about why it matters. 00:00 - The Importance of Speed 8:44 - What is Actually a Blockchain? 11:54 - How to Build the Future 18:16 - How Supernova Works 21:55 - The New Consensus and Execution Mechanisms 32:46 - What Supernova Enables 41:41 - ZK and Privacy on MultiversX 43:14 - Building a Blockchain From Scratch 47:48 - Supernova Launch Date 49:04 - How to Deal with Challenges 51:15 - Ending Thoughts

Full Shard Podcast

27,818 Aufrufe • vor 9 Monaten

My full conversation with Yat Siu, Chairman and Co-Founder of Animoca Brands "The people who win are the ones who learn to be divergent." 00:00:00 - Intro 00:01:43 - Growing Up in Austria: Music, Coding & Being an Outsider 00:07:40 - The Iron Curtain, Capitalism & What Shaped Yat's Worldview 00:14:53 - Building a Business from the Wreckage 00:18:43 - 3D Graphics, Early VR & the Metaverse Before Its Time 00:24:00 - Dot-Com Boom, Outblaze & Selling to IBM 00:28:17 - MUDs, Virtual Swords & the Origins of Digital Ownership 00:33:59 - The Animoca Origin Story 00:38:29 - Getting Deplatformed by Apple & Pivoting to Android 00:40:54 - CryptoKitties, NFTs & Going All-In During Crypto Winter 00:47:50 - Investing in De-Extinction: Colossal Biosciences & Real-Life Jurassic Park 00:50:41 - Agents, Tools & the 1% Problem 00:56:37 - Why Tokens & Blockchain Matter for AI 01:04:30 - Advice for the Young: Embrace Uncertainty & Be Divergent

My full conversation with Yat Siu, Chairman and Co-Founder of Animoca Brands "The people who win are the ones who learn to be divergent." 00:00:00 - Intro 00:01:43 - Growing Up in Austria: Music, Coding & Being an Outsider 00:07:40 - The Iron Curtain, Capitalism & What Shaped Yat's Worldview 00:14:53 - Building a Business from the Wreckage 00:18:43 - 3D Graphics, Early VR & the Metaverse Before Its Time 00:24:00 - Dot-Com Boom, Outblaze & Selling to IBM 00:28:17 - MUDs, Virtual Swords & the Origins of Digital Ownership 00:33:59 - The Animoca Origin Story 00:38:29 - Getting Deplatformed by Apple & Pivoting to Android 00:40:54 - CryptoKitties, NFTs & Going All-In During Crypto Winter 00:47:50 - Investing in De-Extinction: Colossal Biosciences & Real-Life Jurassic Park 00:50:41 - Agents, Tools & the 1% Problem 00:56:37 - Why Tokens & Blockchain Matter for AI 01:04:30 - Advice for the Young: Embrace Uncertainty & Be Divergent

JackGK

28,960 Aufrufe • vor 7 Monaten