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#FluorescenceFriday #cellbiology #immunology #Actin dynamics at the immunological synapse (IS) between a Jurkat T cell and an antigen-presenting coverslip, as seen by total internal reflection structured illumination microscopy (TIRF-SIM). John Hammer's group #NIH used our TIRF-SIM to show that formins rearrange inward flowing actin filaments from the outer lamellipodial...

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Eric Betzig

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26,306 просмотров • 2 лет назад •via X (Twitter)

Наука и технологии#FluorescenceFriday#cellbiology#immunology#Actin#NIH
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#cellbiology #bioart The actin #cytoskeleton (green) is linked to a variety of transmembrane proteins through alpha-actinin (magenta), with such linkages being particularly dense in membrane ruffles and filopodia. As seen at 3 frames/min for 8 min by linear and non-linear structured illumination microscopy (97 and 60 nm resolution, respectively).
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#cellbiology #bioart The actin #cytoskeleton (green) is linked to a variety of transmembrane proteins through alpha-actinin (magenta), with such linkages being particularly dense in membrane ruffles and filopodia. As seen at 3 frames/min for 8 min by linear and non-linear structured illumination microscopy (97 and 60 nm resolution, respectively).

Eric Betzig

25,403 просмотров • 2 лет назад

The most detailed 3D reconstruction of a cell ever created. Blows my mind every time. But what exactly are we looking at here? The average human cell contains: ~ 15-20 total distinct organelle types, totalling between ~1-10 million working together per cell. All these nano-machines in the cell are made up of proteins. ~ 8,000-10,000 distinct types of unique proteins, adding up to between 40 million - 10 trillion total proteins making up all those cellular systems. ~ 10,000 - 15,000 distinct types of RNA shuttling information around the cell, totalling up to ~10 million RNA molecules moving around the cell simultaneously. ~ Billions of Lipid molecules packed together into the cell membrane, which is also packed tightly with millions more protein-based nano-machines. And let's not forget billions of lines of DNA information to build and run it all. That's TRILLIONS of of individual molecular pieces working together to make a single cell function. That means there is more complexity in a single cell than humanity's largest cities. And people still believe this wasn't Divinely Designed. This is God's Glory on Display. But to make the point. A cell couldn't have evolved from some nebulous simpler "protocell" because even the simplest cells still require massive complexity. The "simplest" cell ever created was engineered by scientists knocking out pieces of a functional cell until it stopped functioning. Here is what they found is the absolute necessary minimal requirements of a cell to function: - Over ~531,000 lines of coded DNA information - 473 total genes to create hundreds of unique protein products (they later added 19 genes back in because the cell was so weak) - Hundreds of thousands of total proteins all working together - Extensive regulatory networks guiding all these interactions If the cell doesn't have all these systems in place, from the start... it doesn't live. Cell rely on an intricate network of complex systems, which are themselves built from complex interconnected pieces woven together into an incomprehensibly complex web of functionilty. Only intelligence has ever been observed creation vast interconnected systems like this. Life was clearly Created. It couldn't happen any other way.
0:17

The most detailed 3D reconstruction of a cell ever created. Blows my mind every time. But what exactly are we looking at here? The average human cell contains: ~ 15-20 total distinct organelle types, totalling between ~1-10 million working together per cell. All these nano-machines in the cell are made up of proteins. ~ 8,000-10,000 distinct types of unique proteins, adding up to between 40 million - 10 trillion total proteins making up all those cellular systems. ~ 10,000 - 15,000 distinct types of RNA shuttling information around the cell, totalling up to ~10 million RNA molecules moving around the cell simultaneously. ~ Billions of Lipid molecules packed together into the cell membrane, which is also packed tightly with millions more protein-based nano-machines. And let's not forget billions of lines of DNA information to build and run it all. That's TRILLIONS of of individual molecular pieces working together to make a single cell function. That means there is more complexity in a single cell than humanity's largest cities. And people still believe this wasn't Divinely Designed. This is God's Glory on Display. But to make the point. A cell couldn't have evolved from some nebulous simpler "protocell" because even the simplest cells still require massive complexity. The "simplest" cell ever created was engineered by scientists knocking out pieces of a functional cell until it stopped functioning. Here is what they found is the absolute necessary minimal requirements of a cell to function: - Over ~531,000 lines of coded DNA information - 473 total genes to create hundreds of unique protein products (they later added 19 genes back in because the cell was so weak) - Hundreds of thousands of total proteins all working together - Extensive regulatory networks guiding all these interactions If the cell doesn't have all these systems in place, from the start... it doesn't live. Cell rely on an intricate network of complex systems, which are themselves built from complex interconnected pieces woven together into an incomprehensibly complex web of functionilty. Only intelligence has ever been observed creation vast interconnected systems like this. Life was clearly Created. It couldn't happen any other way.

Divinely Designed

166,099 просмотров • 2 месяцев назад

Excited to share a few presentations, demos, and workshop talks from our group and collaborators at #ICRA2026! We will present recent work on real-to-sim-to-real robot policy evaluation, model-based planning with learned dynamics, and multi-modal manipulation. We will also have a joint live demo between SceniX and Analog Devices, Inc. on real-to-sim-to-real cable manipulation at the ICRA exhibition. This is a small teaser of what we have been building, with more to come soon! If you are at ICRA, please stop by the sessions or the demo booth. Happy to chat about robot learning, simulation, world models, and sim-to-real!
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Excited to share a few presentations, demos, and workshop talks from our group and collaborators at #ICRA2026! We will present recent work on real-to-sim-to-real robot policy evaluation, model-based planning with learned dynamics, and multi-modal manipulation. We will also have a joint live demo between SceniX and Analog Devices, Inc. on real-to-sim-to-real cable manipulation at the ICRA exhibition. This is a small teaser of what we have been building, with more to come soon! If you are at ICRA, please stop by the sessions or the demo booth. Happy to chat about robot learning, simulation, world models, and sim-to-real!

Yunzhu Li

11,026 просмотров • 2 месяцев назад

CW: Suicide This is really bizarre — is this a video of Jeffrey Epstein attempting to take his own life? In the Epstein files, there is this short video that is dated on the day he was found dead, is time-stamped just a couple of hours before he was found dead, and has “J. Epstein” on it. The problem is, we’ve always been told by the DOJ that there was no camera in his cell. Video on the left, and an image from a 60 Minutes story about his suicide on the right. DOJ Link: H/T Riley Walz
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CW: Suicide This is really bizarre — is this a video of Jeffrey Epstein attempting to take his own life? In the Epstein files, there is this short video that is dated on the day he was found dead, is time-stamped just a couple of hours before he was found dead, and has “J. Epstein” on it. The problem is, we’ve always been told by the DOJ that there was no camera in his cell. Video on the left, and an image from a 60 Minutes story about his suicide on the right. DOJ Link: H/T Riley Walz

Yashar Ali 🐘

182,985 просмотров • 7 месяцев назад

Some microbes carry a protein, called SNIPE, that "chops up" phage DNA as it's being injected into the cell. This is a new mechanism for phage defense! CRISPR–Cas and restriction enzymes also evolved to fight against phages, but they work by recognizing sequences. SNIPE works, instead, by sensing "touch." SNIPE is a protein with about 500 amino acids. After it's made by the ribosome, it latches onto ManYZ, two proteins which sit on the cell's inner membrane. (ManYZ is an importer; it brings mannose and other sugars into the cell.) Once attached to ManYZ, SNIPE sits and waits for an invading phage. Some phages, including lambda, actually infect cells by pushing their DNA through this ManYZ channel. Lambda uses its "tail" to reach inside the protein channel, basically, and inject its DNA. When this physical touch happens, though, SNIPE is waiting. As soon as the phage DNA starts entering the cell, and passes through ManYZ and SNIPE, it gets immediately destroyed. This means that SNIPE is the first phage defense system discovered, so far, that uses spatial positioning at the injection site to destroy invaders. But there are caveats, of course. If you untether SNIPE from ManYZ, such that it can freely diffuse through the cell, it will chew up the bacterium's genome. It is not a highly discerning nuclease! Also, SNIPE is not found in most bacteria. A prior pangenome study, which sequenced lots of different microbes, found that roughly a third of well-studied bacterial lineages had at least one member with a SNIPE-like protein. (For this paper, they just ported one of those homologs into an E. coli laboratory strain.) And finally, because SNIPE's mechanism is tightly tied to ManYZ, it cannot be used to defend against phages that enter the cell through different routes. T4 phages, for example, inject their DNA straight through the cell membrane and into the cytoplasm, without interacting with ManYZ. This is a nice basic science paper. Applications TBD. (Just remember that scientists figured out that bacteria had a phage defense system, called CRISPR-Cas, many years before it was repurposed into a gene-editing tool.) P.S. The video below shows how cells with the SNIPE gene (middle row) kill invading phages, and thus continue growing and dividing. Empty vector (top row) refers to bacteria carrying a plasmid with no SNIPE gene; this is a control group. And SNIPE E414A refers to cells which received a mutated SNIPE gene, where the glutamate at position 414 has been changed to an alanine, thus destroying the protein's nuclease activity. These cells also die when they get infected with a phage.
0:10

Some microbes carry a protein, called SNIPE, that "chops up" phage DNA as it's being injected into the cell. This is a new mechanism for phage defense! CRISPR–Cas and restriction enzymes also evolved to fight against phages, but they work by recognizing sequences. SNIPE works, instead, by sensing "touch." SNIPE is a protein with about 500 amino acids. After it's made by the ribosome, it latches onto ManYZ, two proteins which sit on the cell's inner membrane. (ManYZ is an importer; it brings mannose and other sugars into the cell.) Once attached to ManYZ, SNIPE sits and waits for an invading phage. Some phages, including lambda, actually infect cells by pushing their DNA through this ManYZ channel. Lambda uses its "tail" to reach inside the protein channel, basically, and inject its DNA. When this physical touch happens, though, SNIPE is waiting. As soon as the phage DNA starts entering the cell, and passes through ManYZ and SNIPE, it gets immediately destroyed. This means that SNIPE is the first phage defense system discovered, so far, that uses spatial positioning at the injection site to destroy invaders. But there are caveats, of course. If you untether SNIPE from ManYZ, such that it can freely diffuse through the cell, it will chew up the bacterium's genome. It is not a highly discerning nuclease! Also, SNIPE is not found in most bacteria. A prior pangenome study, which sequenced lots of different microbes, found that roughly a third of well-studied bacterial lineages had at least one member with a SNIPE-like protein. (For this paper, they just ported one of those homologs into an E. coli laboratory strain.) And finally, because SNIPE's mechanism is tightly tied to ManYZ, it cannot be used to defend against phages that enter the cell through different routes. T4 phages, for example, inject their DNA straight through the cell membrane and into the cytoplasm, without interacting with ManYZ. This is a nice basic science paper. Applications TBD. (Just remember that scientists figured out that bacteria had a phage defense system, called CRISPR-Cas, many years before it was repurposed into a gene-editing tool.) P.S. The video below shows how cells with the SNIPE gene (middle row) kill invading phages, and thus continue growing and dividing. Empty vector (top row) refers to bacteria carrying a plasmid with no SNIPE gene; this is a control group. And SNIPE E414A refers to cells which received a mutated SNIPE gene, where the glutamate at position 414 has been changed to an alanine, thus destroying the protein's nuclease activity. These cells also die when they get infected with a phage.

Niko McCarty.

20,536 просмотров • 5 месяцев назад

DIVINE CHAPTER - First looks at early designs! The first one is Ray of Retribution which is a beam of light sent out as an attack, and that also applies “sin” The second is Hopeless Exile, a separate Realm the Killer pulls you into. It will have Pillars of Light (also seen in third image) you have to dodge, and “blue lights” you have to collect to help you escape this mini-realm. The last one is an early animation for praying at the Killer’s shrine(s) to remove sin from yourself!
0:10

DIVINE CHAPTER - First looks at early designs! The first one is Ray of Retribution which is a beam of light sent out as an attack, and that also applies “sin” The second is Hopeless Exile, a separate Realm the Killer pulls you into. It will have Pillars of Light (also seen in third image) you have to dodge, and “blue lights” you have to collect to help you escape this mini-realm. The last one is an early animation for praying at the Killer’s shrine(s) to remove sin from yourself!

۟

71,411 просмотров • 6 месяцев назад

Today, in my capacity as a ZANU-PF Central Committee member, I joined fellow comrades at Gaza Primary School in Ward 6, Chipinge Central Constituency, for the critical National Cell Verification exercise. This remains a cornerstone initiative for our revolutionary party, ensuring a meticulous and robust audit of our grassroots membership. I extend my sincere gratitude to my Cell Group Chairman for granting me the platform to address and engage with our dedicated party cadres. It was profoundly inspiring to witness the vibrant revolutionary fervor of our members as they chanted and sang, “2030 ndeyaEmmerson." Indeed, Constitution Amendment Bill No. 3 (CAB3) is progressing seamlessly through its legislative stages and now awaits Presidential assent—a testament to a process that is genuinely people-driven and reflective of the popular will. Furthermore, I pledged my unwavering commitment to working hand-in-hand with our Cell Group Chairman and grassroots leadership to uplift and transform the livelihoods of our people at the foundational level. True leadership is anchored in community, and indeed, charity begins at home. #2030NdeyaEmmerson #CABZVAYENDWA
0:13

Today, in my capacity as a ZANU-PF Central Committee member, I joined fellow comrades at Gaza Primary School in Ward 6, Chipinge Central Constituency, for the critical National Cell Verification exercise. This remains a cornerstone initiative for our revolutionary party, ensuring a meticulous and robust audit of our grassroots membership. I extend my sincere gratitude to my Cell Group Chairman for granting me the platform to address and engage with our dedicated party cadres. It was profoundly inspiring to witness the vibrant revolutionary fervor of our members as they chanted and sang, “2030 ndeyaEmmerson." Indeed, Constitution Amendment Bill No. 3 (CAB3) is progressing seamlessly through its legislative stages and now awaits Presidential assent—a testament to a process that is genuinely people-driven and reflective of the popular will. Furthermore, I pledged my unwavering commitment to working hand-in-hand with our Cell Group Chairman and grassroots leadership to uplift and transform the livelihoods of our people at the foundational level. True leadership is anchored in community, and indeed, charity begins at home. #2030NdeyaEmmerson #CABZVAYENDWA

Dr P Tungwarara, Presidential Advisor

1,034,261 просмотров • 1 месяц назад

Madain Saleh, also known as Al-Hijr, is a pre-Islamic archaeological site located in the northwest of Saudi Arabia. It is one of the most important archaeological sites in the Middle East and was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2008. Madain Saleh is a place of great historical and cultural significance, and it is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in the history and culture of the Arabian Peninsula. Madain Saleh was the second city of the Nabataean kingdom, which was established in 2nd Century BC. The Nabataeans were an Arab tribe who were known for their expertise in carving tombs and buildings out of rock. They were also skilled in agriculture, trade, and commerce. The Nabataean kingdom was centered in Petra, which is located in modern-day Jordan. Madain Saleh served as a strategic outpost for Nabataeans, and it was an important stop on the trade routes that connected the Arabian Peninsula with the Mediterranean world. Archaeological site of Madain Saleh covers an area of 13 square kilometers. It is located in a remote desert region, and it is surrounded by rocky mountains and valleys. The site contains around 130 tombs, which were carved out of the sandstone cliffs. The tombs are adorned with intricate carvings and inscriptions, which provide insights into the culture and religion of the Nabataeans. The most famous tomb at Madain Saleh is the Qasr Al-Farid, which means "the lonely castle." This tomb is located on a hilltop and is surrounded by a large courtyard. It is the largest tomb at the site, and it is considered to be one of the finest examples of Nabataean architecture. The tomb was never completed, and it is believed that it was abandoned after the death of the Nabataean king who commissioned it. Another important tomb at Madain Saleh is the Tomb of Lihyan son of Kuza. This tomb is located in the southern part of the site and is carved into a rock cliff. It features a large entrance hall, a central chamber, and a series of smaller rooms. The tomb is decorated with intricate carvings and inscriptions, which provide insights into the religious beliefs of Nabataeans. Madain Saleh is not just a site of tombs; it also contains a number of other important structures. These include the Al-Khuraymat and Al-Sabika temples, which were used for religious ceremonies and rituals. The site also contains a number of houses, wells, and cisterns, which provide insights into the daily lives of the Nabataeans. Madain Saleh was abandoned in the 3rd Century AD, after decline of the Nabataean kingdom. The site was rediscovered in the 19th Century by the Swiss traveler Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. Since then, it has been studied by archaeologists from all over the world. The site is now managed by the Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage, which has carried out extensive restoration and preservation work. Madain Saleh is not just a site of historical and cultural significance; it is also a place of great natural beauty. The site is surrounded by rugged mountains and valleys, and it is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. Visitors to the site can enjoy hiking and camping, as well as exploring the ancient ruins. Madain Saleh is a site of great historical and cultural significance, and it is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in the history and culture of the Arabian Peninsula. Ancient ruins at Madain Saleh provide a glimpse into the engineering and architectural skills of the Nabataeans, as well as their religious beliefs and cultural practices. However, as the site becomes an increasingly popular tourist destination, there are concerns about its preservation and the impact of tourism on the local environment. It is important that the Saudi government and local communities work together to ensure that the site is protected and that tourism is managed in a sustainable way. 🎥© Paris Verra #archaeohistories
0:14

Madain Saleh, also known as Al-Hijr, is a pre-Islamic archaeological site located in the northwest of Saudi Arabia. It is one of the most important archaeological sites in the Middle East and was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2008. Madain Saleh is a place of great historical and cultural significance, and it is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in the history and culture of the Arabian Peninsula. Madain Saleh was the second city of the Nabataean kingdom, which was established in 2nd Century BC. The Nabataeans were an Arab tribe who were known for their expertise in carving tombs and buildings out of rock. They were also skilled in agriculture, trade, and commerce. The Nabataean kingdom was centered in Petra, which is located in modern-day Jordan. Madain Saleh served as a strategic outpost for Nabataeans, and it was an important stop on the trade routes that connected the Arabian Peninsula with the Mediterranean world. Archaeological site of Madain Saleh covers an area of 13 square kilometers. It is located in a remote desert region, and it is surrounded by rocky mountains and valleys. The site contains around 130 tombs, which were carved out of the sandstone cliffs. The tombs are adorned with intricate carvings and inscriptions, which provide insights into the culture and religion of the Nabataeans. The most famous tomb at Madain Saleh is the Qasr Al-Farid, which means "the lonely castle." This tomb is located on a hilltop and is surrounded by a large courtyard. It is the largest tomb at the site, and it is considered to be one of the finest examples of Nabataean architecture. The tomb was never completed, and it is believed that it was abandoned after the death of the Nabataean king who commissioned it. Another important tomb at Madain Saleh is the Tomb of Lihyan son of Kuza. This tomb is located in the southern part of the site and is carved into a rock cliff. It features a large entrance hall, a central chamber, and a series of smaller rooms. The tomb is decorated with intricate carvings and inscriptions, which provide insights into the religious beliefs of Nabataeans. Madain Saleh is not just a site of tombs; it also contains a number of other important structures. These include the Al-Khuraymat and Al-Sabika temples, which were used for religious ceremonies and rituals. The site also contains a number of houses, wells, and cisterns, which provide insights into the daily lives of the Nabataeans. Madain Saleh was abandoned in the 3rd Century AD, after decline of the Nabataean kingdom. The site was rediscovered in the 19th Century by the Swiss traveler Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. Since then, it has been studied by archaeologists from all over the world. The site is now managed by the Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage, which has carried out extensive restoration and preservation work. Madain Saleh is not just a site of historical and cultural significance; it is also a place of great natural beauty. The site is surrounded by rugged mountains and valleys, and it is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. Visitors to the site can enjoy hiking and camping, as well as exploring the ancient ruins. Madain Saleh is a site of great historical and cultural significance, and it is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in the history and culture of the Arabian Peninsula. Ancient ruins at Madain Saleh provide a glimpse into the engineering and architectural skills of the Nabataeans, as well as their religious beliefs and cultural practices. However, as the site becomes an increasingly popular tourist destination, there are concerns about its preservation and the impact of tourism on the local environment. It is important that the Saudi government and local communities work together to ensure that the site is protected and that tourism is managed in a sustainable way. 🎥© Paris Verra #archaeohistories

Archaeo - Histories

196,549 просмотров • 2 лет назад

🚨​🇮🇱🇺🇲 At this very moment, a phone call is taking place between Donald Trump and Benjamin Netanyahu, which was preceded by Netanyahu's meeting with the Security Cabinet. ​It is reported that the main topics of the conversation are a potential agreement with Iran and Israel's announced expansion of military operations in Lebanon, which, in turn, is viewed as a hindrance to Trump's peace plan. ​Presumably, Donald Trump will urge Netanyahu to refrain from launching strikes on Beirut, the heart of Hezbollah, in order to avoid provoking Iran and derailing the negotiations. Video is made Grok AI
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🚨​🇮🇱🇺🇲 At this very moment, a phone call is taking place between Donald Trump and Benjamin Netanyahu, which was preceded by Netanyahu's meeting with the Security Cabinet. ​It is reported that the main topics of the conversation are a potential agreement with Iran and Israel's announced expansion of military operations in Lebanon, which, in turn, is viewed as a hindrance to Trump's peace plan. ​Presumably, Donald Trump will urge Netanyahu to refrain from launching strikes on Beirut, the heart of Hezbollah, in order to avoid provoking Iran and derailing the negotiations. Video is made Grok AI

Visioner

84,468 просмотров • 2 месяцев назад

Contrail lesson! 1. “Chemtrails” don’t exist. Just to get that out of the way. 2. Observe the satellite loop and Skew-T chart. In the IR satellite loop you can see yesterday, the West Coast had a decent short wave ridge suppressing moisture over California and Nevada. Today, you can see moisture from a low pressure over the Pacific spilling over the ridge that is now moving east of California. This is upper level moisture ADVECTING into the area. This upper level moisture is mainly above the 500mb level, or 20,000ft. 3. Now observe the Skew-T chart. Particularly clue into the 300mb level. This is a perfect example of what I talk about all the time, and why it’s important to pay attention to the 300mb level. This moisture layer is advecting particularly at the 300mb level, and synoptic scale cirrus development, and advection, typically occurs at 300mb. This is key because aircraft are flying at and above the 300mb level. 4. So, lastly, observe the pictures that I took of the sky over northern Nevada at the time of this post. You can see the layer of cirrus as well as contrails persisting in that moisture layer, exactly as depicted in the satellite shot AND confirmed by the Skew-T chart. Keep in mind that temperatures at this level of the atmosphere are typically -20 to -50°C. In this case, you can see that the temperature at 300mb is -40°C and relative humidities at this level are far different than what you experience at the surface. Any decrease in the gap between temperature and dewpoint at this level can significantly increase the relative humidity. This is why it’s referred to as “relative”because it’s far different than temperatures and dew points at the surface. So, to bring it all together, aircraft flying at these altitudes, which most commercial and military aircraft do, injecting warm, moist air from the engines rapidly into the super cooled environment, not only instantly form contrails, but when relative humidities are as depicted in this example, will enable contrails to persist for hours at a time supported by the moisture existing in that layer. This is what causes persistent contrails. These ARE NOT “chemtrails” and because they persist, does not, and will not ever, make them “chemtrails.” Now that you all needed your government to tell you that climate change was a hoax and I’ve been telling you for years that the “Geoengineering” and “chemtrail” nonsense are propaganda directly related to the climate change hoax, hopefully you can take some time to learn the basics of the atmosphere and understand what I’m showing you here, and how it works, so you’re not fooled by climate propaganda going forward. Thank you for your attention to this matter. 💪🏼🇺🇸
0:11

Contrail lesson! 1. “Chemtrails” don’t exist. Just to get that out of the way. 2. Observe the satellite loop and Skew-T chart. In the IR satellite loop you can see yesterday, the West Coast had a decent short wave ridge suppressing moisture over California and Nevada. Today, you can see moisture from a low pressure over the Pacific spilling over the ridge that is now moving east of California. This is upper level moisture ADVECTING into the area. This upper level moisture is mainly above the 500mb level, or 20,000ft. 3. Now observe the Skew-T chart. Particularly clue into the 300mb level. This is a perfect example of what I talk about all the time, and why it’s important to pay attention to the 300mb level. This moisture layer is advecting particularly at the 300mb level, and synoptic scale cirrus development, and advection, typically occurs at 300mb. This is key because aircraft are flying at and above the 300mb level. 4. So, lastly, observe the pictures that I took of the sky over northern Nevada at the time of this post. You can see the layer of cirrus as well as contrails persisting in that moisture layer, exactly as depicted in the satellite shot AND confirmed by the Skew-T chart. Keep in mind that temperatures at this level of the atmosphere are typically -20 to -50°C. In this case, you can see that the temperature at 300mb is -40°C and relative humidities at this level are far different than what you experience at the surface. Any decrease in the gap between temperature and dewpoint at this level can significantly increase the relative humidity. This is why it’s referred to as “relative”because it’s far different than temperatures and dew points at the surface. So, to bring it all together, aircraft flying at these altitudes, which most commercial and military aircraft do, injecting warm, moist air from the engines rapidly into the super cooled environment, not only instantly form contrails, but when relative humidities are as depicted in this example, will enable contrails to persist for hours at a time supported by the moisture existing in that layer. This is what causes persistent contrails. These ARE NOT “chemtrails” and because they persist, does not, and will not ever, make them “chemtrails.” Now that you all needed your government to tell you that climate change was a hoax and I’ve been telling you for years that the “Geoengineering” and “chemtrail” nonsense are propaganda directly related to the climate change hoax, hopefully you can take some time to learn the basics of the atmosphere and understand what I’m showing you here, and how it works, so you’re not fooled by climate propaganda going forward. Thank you for your attention to this matter. 💪🏼🇺🇸

Dylan Tucker

26,804 просмотров • 9 месяцев назад

Xolani Khumalo and his Zimbabwean wife Bokani Moyo who is also the head of Xolani Khumalo Foundation, at the Santaco National prayer. Xolani who is facing a murder charge of an alleged drug dealer, has been terminated by Moja Love Channel where his Zimbabwean wife Bokani Moyo who is the Head of Channel at Moja Love. Moja Love stated that the reason that led to the termination of Khumalo's contract was that he failed to answer questions posed by the channel after it raised concerns and questioned him about his knowledge and involvement in unlawful conduct that led to contamination of the crime scenes, failed prosecution of the known drug lords and unfortunate tragedies that followed the filming of certain episodes. The channel further demanded the identities of the beneficiaries of his foundation which he launched off at the back of the Sizok'thola success despite the blatant conflict of interest it created between him and the show.
0:37

Xolani Khumalo and his Zimbabwean wife Bokani Moyo who is also the head of Xolani Khumalo Foundation, at the Santaco National prayer. Xolani who is facing a murder charge of an alleged drug dealer, has been terminated by Moja Love Channel where his Zimbabwean wife Bokani Moyo who is the Head of Channel at Moja Love. Moja Love stated that the reason that led to the termination of Khumalo's contract was that he failed to answer questions posed by the channel after it raised concerns and questioned him about his knowledge and involvement in unlawful conduct that led to contamination of the crime scenes, failed prosecution of the known drug lords and unfortunate tragedies that followed the filming of certain episodes. The channel further demanded the identities of the beneficiaries of his foundation which he launched off at the back of the Sizok'thola success despite the blatant conflict of interest it created between him and the show.

PSAFLIVE

258,814 просмотров • 2 лет назад

An update for everyone who is not in our Discord... Obviously we are still early in development, and our team has been working hard to release updates for everyone to see. We have a peak at the terrain, which is this picture is based of the North Dakota drift prairie, Great care, time and effort was put into the terrain to create smooth rolling hills, the road network in this region will be challenging, just as it is in real life. From Will The current state of the TIV2 model, which will include a lot more in depth details, From Jlkillen03 The stages of damage to a Blender made house, From Kunahic And how texturing will be used for assets like the interiors! From BSP
0:17

An update for everyone who is not in our Discord... Obviously we are still early in development, and our team has been working hard to release updates for everyone to see. We have a peak at the terrain, which is this picture is based of the North Dakota drift prairie, Great care, time and effort was put into the terrain to create smooth rolling hills, the road network in this region will be challenging, just as it is in real life. From Will The current state of the TIV2 model, which will include a lot more in depth details, From Jlkillen03 The stages of damage to a Blender made house, From Kunahic And how texturing will be used for assets like the interiors! From BSP

Severity

18,960 просмотров • 4 месяцев назад

The cycle of life, every instant, in your mitochondria. The major electron carrier in mitochondria is NAD+. When it collects an electron from the food you eat, NAD+ is converted into NADH. NADH then feeds the electron to the electron transport chain so the electron can flow to oxygen - the ultimate electron acceptor. How easily electrons make their way to oxygen determines energy resistance (éR) following the energy resistance principle (ERP) Mitochondrial matrix and cell cytoplasm are two different "sealed" compartments, but there is a special system that connects the NAD+/NADH pools between mito and cytoplasm: the Malate-Aspartate shuttle The Malate-Aspartate shuttle shown below is how NADH from the cytoplasm (made by glycolysis) is carried into mitochondria. The electron transport chain can then regenerate NAD+ by respiring the flowing electron. Everywhere in biology: energy transfer. Sometimes without molecular carriers. Here with a number of enzymatic intermediates, creating an integrated electrical circuit. The circuit is in service of the flowing electron looking for a place to rest. Getting back onto oxygen to become H2O (water) again, as it was initially before getting ripped off by light energy and stuck onto a carbon backbone in a green leaf. Animation by Janet Iwasa lab
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The cycle of life, every instant, in your mitochondria. The major electron carrier in mitochondria is NAD+. When it collects an electron from the food you eat, NAD+ is converted into NADH. NADH then feeds the electron to the electron transport chain so the electron can flow to oxygen - the ultimate electron acceptor. How easily electrons make their way to oxygen determines energy resistance (éR) following the energy resistance principle (ERP) Mitochondrial matrix and cell cytoplasm are two different "sealed" compartments, but there is a special system that connects the NAD+/NADH pools between mito and cytoplasm: the Malate-Aspartate shuttle The Malate-Aspartate shuttle shown below is how NADH from the cytoplasm (made by glycolysis) is carried into mitochondria. The electron transport chain can then regenerate NAD+ by respiring the flowing electron. Everywhere in biology: energy transfer. Sometimes without molecular carriers. Here with a number of enzymatic intermediates, creating an integrated electrical circuit. The circuit is in service of the flowing electron looking for a place to rest. Getting back onto oxygen to become H2O (water) again, as it was initially before getting ripped off by light energy and stuck onto a carbon backbone in a green leaf. Animation by Janet Iwasa lab

Martin Picard

121,870 просмотров • 1 год назад

🚨 SCIENTISTS JUST FOUND AN ANCIENT OCEAN FLOOR WRAPPED AROUND EARTH’S CORE. Using seismic waves recorded by stations buried in Antarctic ice, researchers have created the highest-resolution map yet of the boundary between Earth’s mantle and outer core nearly 3,000 km beneath our feet. They discovered thin but widespread patches of dense material that dramatically slow down seismic waves. The most likely explanation: these are fragments of ancient oceanic crust that sank into the deep mantle long ago and have been moved around by convection currents for hundreds of millions of years. In some places, these structures rise up to five times higher than Mount Everest. Why this matters: • It reveals that Earth’s deep interior is far more complex and dynamic than we thought • These patches likely influence how heat flows from the core into the mantle, which affects mantle convection and volcanic activity • They may also play a role in the behavior of Earth’s magnetic field, which is generated in the outer core • Understanding this boundary helps us better model how our planet has evolved over billions of years The deeper implication: We usually think of the deep Earth as relatively simple layers. This research shows that the core-mantle boundary is more like a rugged, geologically active landscape with ancient “mountains” made of recycled ocean floor. It’s a powerful reminder that Earth is a single, interconnected system what happens at the surface (like plate tectonics) can eventually end up reshaping the deepest parts of our planet, and vice versa. We’re still only beginning to map the true complexity hidden beneath our feet. How do you think discovering ancient ocean crust at the core-mantle boundary changes the way we should think about Earth’s internal dynamics? Follow for more frontier Earth science and discoveries about our planet’s hidden interior.
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🚨 SCIENTISTS JUST FOUND AN ANCIENT OCEAN FLOOR WRAPPED AROUND EARTH’S CORE. Using seismic waves recorded by stations buried in Antarctic ice, researchers have created the highest-resolution map yet of the boundary between Earth’s mantle and outer core nearly 3,000 km beneath our feet. They discovered thin but widespread patches of dense material that dramatically slow down seismic waves. The most likely explanation: these are fragments of ancient oceanic crust that sank into the deep mantle long ago and have been moved around by convection currents for hundreds of millions of years. In some places, these structures rise up to five times higher than Mount Everest. Why this matters: • It reveals that Earth’s deep interior is far more complex and dynamic than we thought • These patches likely influence how heat flows from the core into the mantle, which affects mantle convection and volcanic activity • They may also play a role in the behavior of Earth’s magnetic field, which is generated in the outer core • Understanding this boundary helps us better model how our planet has evolved over billions of years The deeper implication: We usually think of the deep Earth as relatively simple layers. This research shows that the core-mantle boundary is more like a rugged, geologically active landscape with ancient “mountains” made of recycled ocean floor. It’s a powerful reminder that Earth is a single, interconnected system what happens at the surface (like plate tectonics) can eventually end up reshaping the deepest parts of our planet, and vice versa. We’re still only beginning to map the true complexity hidden beneath our feet. How do you think discovering ancient ocean crust at the core-mantle boundary changes the way we should think about Earth’s internal dynamics? Follow for more frontier Earth science and discoveries about our planet’s hidden interior.

TheNewPhysics

37,534 просмотров • 2 месяцев назад

As the storms rocket into D.C. this afternoon & tonight, please know that this was by design, with the foundation being laid for well over a week. First they peppered the entire U.S. with military contractors to ensure record temps & humidity. That provided the matter in the air that allows them to use NEXRADs and DEWs to create, steer, and intensity storms. Here's Lincoln, IL's NEXRAD this afternoon. It was juiced up by all the spraying of nanoparticles and use of DEWs. The blue dot tentacles of this (and every NEXRAD) extend well beyond the 100 nautical miles shown as the outer circle. Here, I zero in on the upper left quadrant to show in slow motion as the line of storms are created. The storm cell will emerge only if there is a blue dot (part of the NEXRAD). See for yourself at There, you can watch as whoever has control of these systems deliberately ruins our 250th year celebration. They hate us. They are our enemy.
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As the storms rocket into D.C. this afternoon & tonight, please know that this was by design, with the foundation being laid for well over a week. First they peppered the entire U.S. with military contractors to ensure record temps & humidity. That provided the matter in the air that allows them to use NEXRADs and DEWs to create, steer, and intensity storms. Here's Lincoln, IL's NEXRAD this afternoon. It was juiced up by all the spraying of nanoparticles and use of DEWs. The blue dot tentacles of this (and every NEXRAD) extend well beyond the 100 nautical miles shown as the outer circle. Here, I zero in on the upper left quadrant to show in slow motion as the line of storms are created. The storm cell will emerge only if there is a blue dot (part of the NEXRAD). See for yourself at There, you can watch as whoever has control of these systems deliberately ruins our 250th year celebration. They hate us. They are our enemy.

John's Mom, God's Child, Saved through Christ

101,560 просмотров • 1 месяц назад

The concept of creating an exact digital replica of the physical world has always fascinated me: environments that look and behave exactly like our everyday reality, precisely captured in the digital domain. This is the essence of 𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐥𝐝 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐬, simulated realities indistinguishable from our own. Generating these models is the core mission behind what we are building at SpAItial AI. True World Models must capture both photorealistic appearance and underlying physics, spatially-consistent across the environment. For static scenes, current models already deliver impressive results, unlocking downstream applications from gaming to 3D design. However, the true frontier lies in modeling dynamics, which will enable the training of AI agents whose learned behaviors can bridge the sim-to-real gap, thus unlocking countless real-world applications.
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The concept of creating an exact digital replica of the physical world has always fascinated me: environments that look and behave exactly like our everyday reality, precisely captured in the digital domain. This is the essence of 𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐥𝐝 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐬, simulated realities indistinguishable from our own. Generating these models is the core mission behind what we are building at SpAItial AI. True World Models must capture both photorealistic appearance and underlying physics, spatially-consistent across the environment. For static scenes, current models already deliver impressive results, unlocking downstream applications from gaming to 3D design. However, the true frontier lies in modeling dynamics, which will enable the training of AI agents whose learned behaviors can bridge the sim-to-real gap, thus unlocking countless real-world applications.

Matthias Niessner

21,673 просмотров • 5 месяцев назад

MINNEAPOLIS: A massive crowd has converged at the Target Center downtown after a march from Commons Park, one of several “Day of Action” protests today in the metro. They’re calling for an end to the Immigration and Customs Enforcement surge, which has seen several thousand agents deployed since earlier this month. This morning, protesters at the Fort Snelling light rail platform blocked the north access road to the federal Whipple Building, prompting sheriff’s deputies to issue multiple dispersal orders. It’s unclear if any arrest were made. At the Target Center, a brass band was performing as the march arrived around 3 p.m., where an indoor rally is nearly underway.
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MINNEAPOLIS: A massive crowd has converged at the Target Center downtown after a march from Commons Park, one of several “Day of Action” protests today in the metro. They’re calling for an end to the Immigration and Customs Enforcement surge, which has seen several thousand agents deployed since earlier this month. This morning, protesters at the Fort Snelling light rail platform blocked the north access road to the federal Whipple Building, prompting sheriff’s deputies to issue multiple dispersal orders. It’s unclear if any arrest were made. At the Target Center, a brass band was performing as the march arrived around 3 p.m., where an indoor rally is nearly underway.

MN CRIME

57,035 просмотров • 6 месяцев назад

A single E. coli cell, placed on a dish, will become 70 billion cells in just 12 hours. That’s exponential growth. But a new preprint shows that it's possible to engineer E. coli to grow linearly instead, where only one daughter cell continues dividing and the other stops. First, some context. In nature, there is a bacterium called Mycobacterium smegmatis (initially discovered in 1884 in ulcers scraped from syphilis patients.) M. smegmatis is weird because it divides asymmetrically. These cells grow only from one end, and all their cell wall biosynthesis machinery is located on that one end. So when the cell divides, one daughter gets this machinery and the other gets nothing. The daughter that gets the machinery can keep dividing immediately, but the other daughter has to remake all that machinery from scratch, so its growth is delayed. E. coli doesn’t grow like this. When it divides, it pinches in the middle and splits everything evenly. Enzymes, metabolites, and proteins get partitioned more or less randomly between the two daughters. For the new preprint, though, researchers engineered E. coli to behave more like M. smegmatis. Here is how they did it: First, they deleted a gene called cyaA, which encodes an enzyme (adenylate cyclase) that makes a molecule called cAMP. cAMP is SUPER IMPORTANT! It is a nutrient sensor that instructs E. coli to switch on genes that help it digest non-glucose carbon sources when glucose is scarce. Without cAMP, E. coli cells growing on alternative carbon sources will starve; they won’t know how to eat the food. Next, they added back a “split” version of the cyaA gene into the cells. In other words, they split the gene in two so that each half of the enzyme is made separately. Cells can only make cAMP, and thus eat non-glucose carbon sources, if these two halves come together. To facilitate that “coming together,” the researchers also fused the split cyaA proteins to sticky proteins that clump together, and to a fluorescent protein (to make it easy to track these molecules in the cell.) So now some interesting things start to happen if you grow E. coli on a growth medium lacking glucose. As the cell grows, its cyaA “halves” start clumping together into a giant ball. Inside the aggregate, the two enzyme halves come together and make cAMP. And when the cell gets big enough and divides, the clump of cyaA RANDOMLY goes to either daughter cell #1 or #2. The daughter that gets the aggregate (called PA+ in this paper) can keep dividing. The daughter that doesn’t (PA–) cannot. It still grows a few times — about four divisions — because it inherits some leftover cAMP from its mother. But after that, the metabolite is diluted away, and the cell stops growing. PA+ cells went through about 23 divisions on average before their aggregate decayed. And the population of cells, as a whole, grew linearly. This paper is cool because there are many applications where exponential growth is too unpredictable and, perhaps, unsafe. If you want to engineer bacteria to deliver drugs, clean up waste, or live in the gut, you don’t want them to double uncontrollably. This paper shows you can make them expand in a controlled, linear way. Alas, mutations could break this whole engineered system. A mutation that restores cyaA, for example, would give cells a new way to make cAMP. Mutations that make the aggregates split between daughters would break the asymmetry, too. But still, I really enjoy proof-of-concept engineering papers like this.
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A single E. coli cell, placed on a dish, will become 70 billion cells in just 12 hours. That’s exponential growth. But a new preprint shows that it's possible to engineer E. coli to grow linearly instead, where only one daughter cell continues dividing and the other stops. First, some context. In nature, there is a bacterium called Mycobacterium smegmatis (initially discovered in 1884 in ulcers scraped from syphilis patients.) M. smegmatis is weird because it divides asymmetrically. These cells grow only from one end, and all their cell wall biosynthesis machinery is located on that one end. So when the cell divides, one daughter gets this machinery and the other gets nothing. The daughter that gets the machinery can keep dividing immediately, but the other daughter has to remake all that machinery from scratch, so its growth is delayed. E. coli doesn’t grow like this. When it divides, it pinches in the middle and splits everything evenly. Enzymes, metabolites, and proteins get partitioned more or less randomly between the two daughters. For the new preprint, though, researchers engineered E. coli to behave more like M. smegmatis. Here is how they did it: First, they deleted a gene called cyaA, which encodes an enzyme (adenylate cyclase) that makes a molecule called cAMP. cAMP is SUPER IMPORTANT! It is a nutrient sensor that instructs E. coli to switch on genes that help it digest non-glucose carbon sources when glucose is scarce. Without cAMP, E. coli cells growing on alternative carbon sources will starve; they won’t know how to eat the food. Next, they added back a “split” version of the cyaA gene into the cells. In other words, they split the gene in two so that each half of the enzyme is made separately. Cells can only make cAMP, and thus eat non-glucose carbon sources, if these two halves come together. To facilitate that “coming together,” the researchers also fused the split cyaA proteins to sticky proteins that clump together, and to a fluorescent protein (to make it easy to track these molecules in the cell.) So now some interesting things start to happen if you grow E. coli on a growth medium lacking glucose. As the cell grows, its cyaA “halves” start clumping together into a giant ball. Inside the aggregate, the two enzyme halves come together and make cAMP. And when the cell gets big enough and divides, the clump of cyaA RANDOMLY goes to either daughter cell #1 or #2. The daughter that gets the aggregate (called PA+ in this paper) can keep dividing. The daughter that doesn’t (PA–) cannot. It still grows a few times — about four divisions — because it inherits some leftover cAMP from its mother. But after that, the metabolite is diluted away, and the cell stops growing. PA+ cells went through about 23 divisions on average before their aggregate decayed. And the population of cells, as a whole, grew linearly. This paper is cool because there are many applications where exponential growth is too unpredictable and, perhaps, unsafe. If you want to engineer bacteria to deliver drugs, clean up waste, or live in the gut, you don’t want them to double uncontrollably. This paper shows you can make them expand in a controlled, linear way. Alas, mutations could break this whole engineered system. A mutation that restores cyaA, for example, would give cells a new way to make cAMP. Mutations that make the aggregates split between daughters would break the asymmetry, too. But still, I really enjoy proof-of-concept engineering papers like this.

Niko McCarty.

58,047 просмотров • 11 месяцев назад

Can’t sleep as I’m still absolutely fuming about what a shit show VAR is. That today was a fella with an agenda relaying his preference to the referee and it’s not on. When you look at how the TMO is used in rugby, you hear a conversation between two officials, no need for screens as all that is being relayed are facts. Black and white conversations of what has happened, not what might have happened, or what he believes happened, a matter of fact. The result of this is that everyone watching knows why and is happy with the conclusion as it’s been caused by the actions of the players and everyone understands why. This VAR bollocks can’t continue. 😡
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Can’t sleep as I’m still absolutely fuming about what a shit show VAR is. That today was a fella with an agenda relaying his preference to the referee and it’s not on. When you look at how the TMO is used in rugby, you hear a conversation between two officials, no need for screens as all that is being relayed are facts. Black and white conversations of what has happened, not what might have happened, or what he believes happened, a matter of fact. The result of this is that everyone watching knows why and is happy with the conclusion as it’s been caused by the actions of the players and everyone understands why. This VAR bollocks can’t continue. 😡

Forever Everton // Rob

162,625 просмотров • 1 год назад

Faraday's Law of Induction ✍️ It describes the phenomenon of how a changing magnetic field around a wire can "force" electricity along its length. As the magnet is moved up and down through the wire coil, the magnetic flux (the number of lines of force) is constantly changing. This constant change leads to an electromotive force (EMF), which behaves like a battery, providing the necessary power for electrons to flow and generate electrical current. The video demonstrates that electricity is not produced simply by placing a magnet near the wire but rather by moving the magnet. The rate at which the magnet is moved dictates how much electricity is created. Nevertheless, as seen from the chart, the movement of electricity ceases completely when the magnet remains stationary, regardless of whether it is inside the coil. Video 📸: py6cj
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Faraday's Law of Induction ✍️ It describes the phenomenon of how a changing magnetic field around a wire can "force" electricity along its length. As the magnet is moved up and down through the wire coil, the magnetic flux (the number of lines of force) is constantly changing. This constant change leads to an electromotive force (EMF), which behaves like a battery, providing the necessary power for electrons to flow and generate electrical current. The video demonstrates that electricity is not produced simply by placing a magnet near the wire but rather by moving the magnet. The rate at which the magnet is moved dictates how much electricity is created. Nevertheless, as seen from the chart, the movement of electricity ceases completely when the magnet remains stationary, regardless of whether it is inside the coil. Video 📸: py6cj

ScieVision

27,185 просмотров • 4 месяцев назад