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FULL EXPLANATION: Works In Progress' Ruxandra Teslo 🧬 on Anthropic's Protein Binding, Drug Design, The Methodology, RF Diffusion, Alpha Fold, Generative AI & Biology, Curing All Diseases in 10 Years, Mini Research Assistants, Automating Science: 2:00 - How To Design A Drug 3:30 - Bottle Neck's To Molecule Design...

18,514 次观看 • 12 天前 •via X (Twitter)

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NEW episode! Drug development has never been more expensive, in terms of output per dollar spent. This trend, called Eroom’s law, is surprising, considering the incredible technological advances in drug discovery, from genome sequencing to engineering to microscopy. On a new episode of the Works in Progress podcast, Ben Southwood and I talk to Ruxandra Teslo 🧬 about why this has happened and what can be done about it. We discuss how: • AI isn’t a magic bullet for drug discovery. Predictive models lack the physical human data, like individual variation and rare side effects, that can only be generated by actually running real-world clinical trials. • As scientists invent more effective drugs, it becomes harder to discover new treatments that can surpass past successes. This is known as the "Better than the Beatles" problem. • Biotech companies are increasingly moving their "first-in-human" trials to Australia because its simpler regulations allow researchers to test drug safety faster and cheaper than in the US. • Clinical trials can be made more efficient with various reforms including: embracing platform trials, allowing researchers to select from independent ethics boards, expanding the funding and validation of surrogate endpoints, increasing transparency by releasing regulatory correspondence from failed companies, and much more. Timestamps: 00:00:00 Eroom’s law and the paradox of drug development 00:08:03 How clinical trials actually work 00:10:23 The power and controversy of surrogate endpoints 00:14:01 How historical patent laws influenced trial timelines 00:22:46 The Australia advantage and regulatory drag 00:29:08 Institutional review boards (IRBs) and bureaucratic drag 00:32:21 Open science and successful reforms 00:41:49 Our wishlist for clinical trial reforms, and which reforms we *don’t* like 00:53:48 Why AI isn’t a magic bullet for drug discovery

Saloni

109,256 次观看 • 4 个月前

This is WILD! Nvidia just launched something that could compress the most expensive process in medicine from 12 years to 12 months. BioNeMo Agent Toolkit is an open, agent-ready platform that turns AI agents into autonomous scientific workers, giving them the ability to run real drug discovery workflows instead of just generating ideas. And more than 50 companies are already using it, including Anthropic, OpenAI, Eli Lilly, Databricks, Snowflake, Dassault Systèmes and Schrödinger. Here is what it actually does. Traditional drug discovery costs an average of $2.6 billion per drug and takes over a decade. Most of that time and money goes into screening millions of compounds, designing proteins that bind to disease targets and running countless lab experiments to validate whether something works. BioNeMo agents now do all of that computationally before a single lab experiment begins. The demo Nvidia shared makes the speed impossible to ignore. An agent was asked to design 10 protein binders for PD-L1, a critical cancer immunotherapy target and it completed the full design, co-folding, scoring, and 3D structural analysis on GPU in under 90 seconds. What used to require weeks of wet lab work and PhD-level expertise now runs as a callable tool inside an AI workflow. The four core capabilities are virtual drug screening, protein binder design, genomic analysis, and medical imaging each one compressing tasks that previously took weeks into minutes. The institutional validation behind this is unusually strong. Nvidia and Eli Lilly announced a joint investment of up to $1 billion over five years to build a co-innovation lab running entirely on BioNeMo. The University of Washington's Institute for Protein Design is already running RosettaFold3 at 2x faster performance than the prior generation. And the market this unlocks is enormous, and Nvidia is sitting right at the center of it. The AI drug discovery market is projected to grow from $2.9 billion in 2026 to $13.8 billion by 2033 and McKinsey estimates generative AI could deliver $60 to $110 billion in annual economic value to pharma. Bullish on drug discovery!

Milk Road AI

23,215 次观看 • 2 个月前

What could Alphafold 4 look like? (Sergey Ovchinnikov, Ep #3) 2 hours listening time (links below) To those in the (machine-learning for protein design) space, Dr. Sergey Ovchinnikov (Sergey Ovchinnikov) is a very, very well-recognized name. A recent MIT professor (circa early 2024), he has played a part in a staggering number of recent great papers in the field: ColabFold, RFDiffusion, Bindcraft, automated design of soluble proxies of membrane proteins, elucidating what protein language models are learning, conformational sampling via Alphafold2, and many more. Of course, all these papers were group efforts, but Sergey's name comes up astonishingly frequently! And even beyond the research that have come from his lab in the last few years, the co-evolution work he did during his PhD/fellowship also laid some of the groundwork for the original Alphafold paper, being cited twice in it. This is a two hour conversation with him, asking every question I could think of. We talk about his own journey into biology research, an issue he has with Alphafold3, what Alphafold4-and-beyond models may look like, what research he’d want to spend a hundred million dollars on, and lots more. Topics/institutions we discuss: Arc Institute's Evo models, Hannah Wayment-Steele's work, Isomorphic Labs's AF2/AF3, and EvolutionaryScale's ESM models Also, extremely grateful to Asimov Press (Asimov Press) for helping fund the travel + studio time required for this episode! They are a non-profit publisher dedicated to thoughtful writing on biology and metascience, such as articles over synthetic blood and interviews with plant geneticists. I myself have published within them twice! I highly recommend checking out their essays at or reaching out to [email protected] if you’re interested in contributing. Timestamps: [00:00:00] Highlight clips [00:01:10] Introduction + Sergey's background and how he got into the field [00:18:14] Is conservation all you need? [00:23:26] Ambiguous vs non-ambiguous regions in proteins [00:24:59] What will AlphaFold 4/5/6 look like? [00:36:19] Diffusion vs. inversion for protein design [00:44:52] A problem with Alphafold3 [00:53:41] MSA vs. single sequence models [01:06:52] How Sergey picks research problems [01:21:06] What are DNA models like Evo learning? [01:29:11] The problem with train/test splits in biology [01:49:07] What Sergey would do with $100 million

owl

89,153 次观看 • 1 年前