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In-context learning is the holy grail of robot learning. It is challenging because: 1. long-context training and infra (ICL can easily max out disk I/O) 2. need model to follow multimodal (sensorimotor) condition 3. data collection strategy and how to pair data Tried to get it work in 2024,...

10,235 Aufrufe • vor 1 Monat •via X (Twitter)

3 Kommentare

Profilbild von 白川ユウ
白川ユウvor 1 Monat

Curious what disk throughput per node you needed before long-context ICL training stopped stalling.

Profilbild von Shelby Carpenter
Shelby Carpentervor 27 Tagen

@letian_fu agree on the complexity of in-context learning for robotics. I work with the team at LanceDB helping physical AI teams with their multimodal data. We’ll be talking about multimodal data in a robotics at in SF 11/5, dm me for a discounted pass!

Profilbild von Martin Ronfort
Martin Ronfortvor 1 Monat

Those are exactly the challenges GEN-1.5 just cracked. We actually mapped how here:

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How can you solve complex tasks using a Large Language Model? Here is a 2-minute introduction to everything you need to know to 10x the quality of your results. Let's talk about three techniques, in order of complexity, starting with the easiest one: • In-Context Learning • Indexing + In-Context Learning • Fine-tuning In-Context Learning The team that trained GPT-3 found something they couldn't explain: You can condition a model using examples of how you want it to behave. I included an example prompt in the attached video. You can "teach" the model how you want it to interpret questions, select the correct answers, and format the results by giving a few examples. You can also give specific knowledge to the model that will be helpful when formulating answers. We call this approach "grounding the model." There's another example in the video. Indexing + In-Context Learning Unfortunately, there is a limit to how much data you can include in a prompt. We call this the "context size." One version of GPT-4 supports a context of approximately 6,000 words, while the other supports 25,000 words. Although this sounds like a lot, many applications need more than that. Imagine you wrote a book and want to build an application to answer any questions about your story. What happens if your book is longer than the context? That's where Indexing comes in. Using a model, you can turn every book passage into an embedding. These are vectors, numbers that "encode" the passage's text. You can then store these embeddings in a particular database that supports fast retrieval of these vectors. You can then turn any question into an embedding and search the database for the list of passages that are similar to that query. Instead of using the entire book to ask the model, you can now use the relevant passages as in-context information, effectively working around the context size limitation. Fine-tuning Fine-tuning can give you an extra boost to get reliable outputs from your LLM. It is, however, the most complex approach on the list. There are different approaches to fine-tuning a model with your data. A popular technique is to process your data with your LLM and use the outputs to train a new classifier that solves your specific task. Notice that here you aren't modifying the LLM. Instead, you are chaining it with your trained classifier. Another approach is to modify the parameters of the LLM using your data. Think of this as "rewiring" the model in a way that solves your particular task. The results and costs will vary depending on how many layers you want to fine-tune from the original model. Many companies think that fine-tuning is the solution to their problems. In my experience, many will benefit from exploring the other two approaches. I love explaining Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence ideas. If you enjoy in-depth content like this, follow me Santiago so you don't miss what comes next.

Santiago

384,510 Aufrufe • vor 3 Jahren

We scaled a robot model natively to 8,000 timesteps of context, 5 minutes worth of muscle memory, with constant inference cost. Robot policies used to live their lives a few frames at a time (< 0.1 sec), instantly forgetting what just happened. We pushed to 3 orders of magnitude beyond SOTA. Introducing RoboTTT. Test-Time Training (“TTT”) carries a tiny model *inside* the model. Every incoming sensor reading triggers one gradient step on that tiny core, so the history keeps getting compressed into its weights. The hidden state has a fixed size (literally a small neural net), so the robot can “grok” arbitrarily long experience with little overhead. Learning continues indefinitely after deployment. We can then put an entire video in context as prompt! RoboTTT enables one-shot in-context learning from human video: in circuit board assembly, a human demonstrates a never-seen configuration once, and the robot imitates it faithfully. Humans drop things all the time, but we pick them up so fast that we don’t even notice. That reflex to fix is half of our physical competence. RoboTTT shows self-improvement on the fly: the robot is skilled at recovering from its own errors mid-episode, and each fix enters its context to inform the next move. The TTT core distills a general-purpose, failure-to-correction mapping from the training data. One more thing. What excites me the most is a new Context Scaling Curve: from 128 to 8K timesteps, closed-loop performance hill-climbs steadily with no sign of saturation. 8K-context pretraining beats 1K by 62%. What LLM enjoys, robotics should too. Soon, even 1M context is not a fantasy. Deep dive in thread:

Jim Fan

328,360 Aufrufe • vor 2 Monaten

Gemini-1.5 Pro has its spotlight stolen today, and people are poking fun at Sora vs Google memes. Well, I think it's the biggest boost in LLM capability so far in 2024. v1.5's 10M token context (1) excels at retrieval; (2) generalizes zero-shot to extremely long instructions like full tutorials and codebases; and (3) works across modalities such as text, audio, and video. Here's a stunning example: v1.5 learns to translate from English to Kalamang purely in context, following a full linguistic manual at inference time. Kalamang is a language spoken by fewer than 200 speakers in western New Guinea. Gemini has never seen this language during training and is only provided with 500 pages of linguistic documentation, a dictionary, and ~400 parallel sentences in context. It basically acquires a sophisticated new skill in the neural activations, instead of gradient finetuning. I talked about the Myth of Context Length many times before: don't get too excited by claims of 1M or even 1B context tokens. LSTMs already achieved literally infinite context length 25 yrs ago! What truly matters is how well the model actually uses the context to solve real-world problems, and Gemini-1.5 has surpassed the SOTA with flying colors. The paper is also well-written with lots of solid quantitative analysis on in-context memorization and generalization. Paper: “Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context” Congrats to Jeff Dean Oriol Vinyals Sundar Pichai and team!

Jim Fan

278,517 Aufrufe • vor 2 Jahren