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🇮🇷| Iran now competes with the US & China on advanced Nano-Insulation technology, used currently by NASA Iranian scientists have successfully localized a state-of-the-art nano-insulation material — the very same class of technology used by NASA to protect spacecraft and astronaut equipment against the most extreme environmental conditions. When...

76,751 просмотров • 10 месяцев назад •via X (Twitter)

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In recent days Israel has placed a greater emphasis on striking industrial targets in Iran, with the most significant in recent memory being: - Khuzestan Steel Company, Ahvaz - Khuzestan Oxin Steel Company, Ahvaz - Mobarakeh Steel Complex, southwest of Isfahan - Mobarakeh Steel Power Plant (supplies energy to the steel complex) - Powder Metallurgy Company, Neyshabur Industrial Town - Shahid Shafizadeh Industries Company, Alborz Industrial - Kheyr Abad Industrial Town, east of Arak, was just warned - Shamsabad Industrial Town, south of Eslamshahr - Nasirabad Industrial Town, southwest of Eslamshahr - Segzi Industrial Town, east of Isfahan The above list is just a sample of the industrial targets affected by strikes over the past 1-2 days. Many of these facilities are dual-use, and so too were the intentions of the Israeli strikes. Large-scale steel production complexes support construction, automotives, appliances, and pipe manufacturing. It's also critical for military vehicles and launch platforms. Specialized heavy steel plate rolling mills support energy transmission lines, pressure vessels, shipbuilding, and storage tanks. They have many military applications such as producing the hull sections of naval vessels, storage tanks for propellants, and steel plates for TELs and bunkers. Powder metallurgical plants produce machinery components, mining equipment, and specialized alloys. They can also be used to make precision components in guidance systems, warheads, or solid-propellant motors. The major industrial towns are made up of dozens of smaller factories or warehouses involved in metal fabrication, chemicals, plastics/polymers, construction materials, textiles, machinery assembly, bitumen processing, packaging, stone processing, and electronic goods. On one hand this attempt at crippling Iran's industrial base could destroy many of the raw materials necessary for future repairs/construction of military equipment and missile components. At the same time it would hamper Iran's domestic construction, automobile, appliance, piping, and petrochemical sectors. This would diminish Iran's export revenue, create shortages of basic materials, and worsen inflation and unemployment.

Theti Mapping

15,343 просмотров • 4 месяцев назад

Yemeni Partners Successfully Interdict Massive Iranian Weapons Shipment Bound for the Houthis Congratulations to the Yemeni National Resistance Forces (NRF), led by Gen. Tareq Saleh, for the largest seizure of Iranian advanced conventional weapons in their history. The NRF intercepted and seized over 750 tons of munitions and hardware to include hundreds of advanced cruise, anti-ship, and anti-aircraft missiles, warheads and seekers, components as well as hundreds of drone engines, air defense equipment, radar systems, and communications equipment. According to the NRF, there were manuals in Farsi and many of the systems were manufactured by a company affiliated with the Iranian Ministry of Defense that is sanctioned by the United States. The illegal shipment was intended for use by the Iranian-backed Houthis The actions of the NRF support the United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) and are a direct reflection of their commitment to a safe Yemen, Red Sea and, Gulf of Aden. Gen. Michael Erik Kurilla, commander of CENTCOM, praised the actions of the NRF saying , “We commend the legitimate government forces of Yemen who continue to interdict the flow of Iranian munitions bound for the Houthis. The interdiction of this massive Iranian shipment shows that Iran remains the most destabilizing actor in the region. Limiting the free flow of Iranian support to the Houthis is critic to regional security, stability, and freedom of navigation.”

U.S. Central Command

577,192 просмотров • 1 год назад

Researchers at Tokamak Energy have captured for the first time a real-time, high-speed video of plasma behaviour inside their ST40 spherical tokamak, tracking visible green and red light emissions as the fusion process occurs. This visual insight comes via a camera operating at thousands of frames per second, offering unprecedented detail of how the plasma evolves, interacts with the surrounding lithium blanket and outer regions, and ultimately radiates energy. The imaging enables scientists to observe how the ultra-hot core transitions outward into cooler zones, how magnetic confinement shapes the plasma behaviour, and how impurities or outer-region interactions influence the process. By giving a ‘star-in-a-donut’ view of fusion in action, this breakthrough adds a new diagnostic tool to the development of fusion energy, helping engineers refine the magnetic confinement, optimise plasma stability and better understand the heat and light flows at play. It was slowed down by 100x. All this was for 0.3s A tokamak is one of the most advanced devices ever created to achieve controlled nuclear fusion, the same process that powers the Sun. Its goal is simple in principle but incredibly challenging in practice: heat a gas until it becomes plasma, raise that plasma to over 100 million degrees, and confine it long enough for hydrogen nuclei to fuse and release energy. Because no material container can survive such temperatures, a tokamak uses powerful magnetic fields to hold and shape the plasma like an invisible cage. The device has a distinctive doughnut-shaped (toroidal) chamber surrounded by magnetic coils. When the machine is switched on, electric currents and external magnets work together to create helical magnetic fields that trap the plasma and keep it away from the walls. As the plasma spirals around these magnetic lines, it heats up dramatically. Additional heating comes from methods like radio-frequency waves and neutral-beam injection, pushing the plasma toward the extreme temperatures needed for fusion. Inside this tightly controlled environment, hydrogen isotopes such as deuterium and tritium can collide and fuse, releasing fast neutrons and a burst of energy. The goal of tokamak research is to reach a point where the fusion reactions produce more energy than the system consumes, a milestone known as “net energy gain.” Modern machines like ITER, JET, and Tokamak Energy’s ST40 are bringing this vision closer, using advanced diagnostics, superconducting magnets, and increasingly stable plasma control. 👉

Erika 

162,540 просмотров • 8 месяцев назад

Engineers discover a new class of materials that passively harvest water from air | University of Pennsylvania A serendipitous observation in a Chemical Engineering lab at Penn Engineering has led to a surprising discovery: a new class of nanostructured materials that can pull water from the air, collect it in pores and release it onto surfaces without the need for any external energy. The research, published in Science Advances, was conducted by an interdisciplinary team, including Daeyeon Lee, Russell Pearce and Elizabeth Crimian Heuer Professor in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (CBE), Amish Patel, Professor in CBE, Baekmin Kim, a postdoctoral scholar in Lee's lab and first author, and Stefan Guldin, Professor in Complex Soft Matter at the Technical University of Munich. Their work describes a material that could open the door to new ways to collect water from the air in arid regions and devices that cool electronics or buildings using the power of evaporation. "We weren't even trying to collect water," says Lee. "We were working on another project testing the combination of hydrophilic nanopores and hydrophobic polymers when Bharath Venkatesh, a former Ph.D. student in our lab, noticed water droplets appearing on a material we were testing. It didn't make sense. That's when we started asking questions." Those questions led to an in-depth study of a new type of amphiphilic nanoporous material: one that blends water-loving (hydrophilic) and water-repelling (hydrophobic) components in a unique nanoscale structure. The result is a material that both captures moisture from air and simultaneously pushes that moisture out as droplets. Water-Collecting Nanopores When water condenses on surfaces, it usually requires either a drop in temperature or very high humidity levels. Conventional water harvesting methods rely on these principles, often requiring energy input to chill surfaces or a dense fog to form to collect water passively from humid environments. But Lee and Patel's system works differently. Instead of cooling, their material relies on capillary condensation, a process where water vapor condenses inside tiny pores even at lower humidity. This is not new. What is new is that in their system, the water doesn't just stay trapped inside the pores, as it usually does in these types of materials. "In typical nanoporous materials, once the water enters the pores, it stays there," explains Patel. "But in our material, the water moves, first condensing inside the pores, then emerging onto the surface as droplets. That's never been seen before in a system like this, and at first we doubted our observations." A Material That Defies Physics Before they understood what was happening, the researchers first thought that water was simply condensing onto the surface of the material due to an artifact of their experimental setup, such as a temperature gradient in the lab. To rule that out, they increased the thickness of the material to see if the amount of water collected on the surface would change. "If what we were observing was due to surface condensation alone, the thickness of the material wouldn't change the amount of water present," explains Lee. But, the total amount of water collected increased as the film's thickness increased, proving that the water droplets forming on the surface came from inside the material. Even more surprising: the droplets didn't evaporate quickly, as thermodynamics would predict. "According to the curvature and size of the droplets, they should have been evaporating," says Patel. "But they were not; they remained stable for extended periods." With a material that could potentially defy the laws of physics on their hands, Lee and Patel sent their design off to a collaborator to see if their results were replicable. "We study porous films under a wide range of conditions, using subtle changes in light polarization to probe complex nanoscale phenomena," says Guldin. "But we've never seen anything like this. It's absolutely fascinating and will clearly spark new and exciting research." A Stabilized Cycle of Condensation and Release It turns out that they had created a material with just the right balance of water-attracting nanoparticles and water-repelling plastic -- polyethylene -- to create a nanoparticle film with this special property. "We accidentally hit the sweet spot," says Lee. "The droplets are connected to hidden reservoirs in the pores below. These reservoirs are continuously replenished from water vapor in the air, creating a feedback loop made possible by this perfect balance of water-loving and water-repelling materials." A Platform for Passive Water Harvesting and More Beyond the physics-defying behavior, the materials' simplicity is part of what makes them so promising. Made from common polymers and nanoparticles using scalable fabrication methods, these films could be integrated into passive water harvesting devices for arid regions, surfaces for cooling electronics or smart coatings that respond to ambient humidity. "We're still uncovering the mechanisms at play," says Patel. "But the potential is exciting. We're learning from biology -- how cells and proteins manage water in complex environments -- and applying that to design better materials." "This is exactly what Penn does best, bringing together expertise in chemical engineering, materials science, chemistry and biology to solve big problems," adds Lee. The next steps include studying how to optimize the balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components, scale the material for real-world use and investigating how to make the collected droplets roll off surfaces efficiently. Ultimately, the researchers hope this discovery will lead to technologies that offer clean water in dry climates or more sustainable cooling methods using only the water vapor already in the air. Read more:

Owen Gregorian

137,919 просмотров • 1 год назад

US firm demos millimetre wave drilling tech to dig world’s deepest hole for power | Mrigakshi Dixit, Interesting Engineering Recently, millimeter wave drilling was demonstrated on a full-scale oil and gas rig in Houston, Texas. At present, the oil and gas industry is a major energy provider, delivering terawatts of power globally. Now, there’s an opportunity to leverage this existing infrastructure to tap into superhot geothermal energy, opening a new frontier for clean, abundant power. Founded in 2018, Quaise Energy’s primary goal is to revolutionize the energy landscape by harnessing superdeep geothermal energy. They aim to achieve this by deploying novel millimeter wave drilling technology. This technology is capable of reaching depths beyond conventional drilling limits, where temperatures are hot enough to provide abundant and globally accessible clean energy. Recently, millimeter wave drilling was demonstrated on a full-scale oil and gas rig in Houston, Texas. “This is the first-ever hybrid drilling rig, combining conventional and millimeter wave capabilities,” the company noted. It added that this development “puts us one step closer to superhot geothermal power production.” Geothermal hotspot lies miles deep The company says that the oil and gas industry operates on a massive scale, drilling around 70,000 wells annually worldwide using nearly 2,000 rigs. This extensive infrastructure and experience in large-scale operations are precisely what the geothermal sector needs to expand and become a more significant energy source. “By using these resources to drill superhot geothermal wells, we can generate abundant baseload power in record time. There’s no other energy solution capable of the same scale and speed,” it noted. To access geothermal hotspots, the company plans to drill wells ranging from two to twelve miles deep. This ambitious undertaking surpasses the depth of Russia’s Kola Borehole (7.6 miles). At these extreme depths exists “superhot rock,” where temperatures exceed 375°C (about 700°F). Superhot rocks could increase geothermal energy output, aligning with the U.S. Department of Energy’s goal to boost geothermal power production by 20 times in the coming years. Currently, geothermal energy accounts for less than 1% of total electricity in the U.S. The key hurdle is that conventional drilling technology cannot reach these extreme depths. This is precisely the problem that millimeter wave drilling technology is designed to overcome. The novel drilling method uses a gyrotron, a device that generates powerful, high-frequency millimeter waves. These waves are so intense that they can literally vaporize rock, functioning like a “microwave on steroids” to bore deep into the Earth. Technology demonstration Currently, Quaise Energy and Nabors Industries are running comprehensive tests to perfect the integration of their new drilling technology with existing oil and gas rigs. “We’ve taken a full-scale drilling rig and integrated our millimeter wave drilling system. We call it a hybrid rig, one that can perform both conventional and millimeter wave drilling to unlock geothermal energy at great depths all around the world,” noted Andres Calabressi, head of manufacturing at Quaise. New Atlas reported that Quaise successfully melted a hole into a granite/basalt rock mixture in a full-scale demonstration. They achieved this by powering a 100-kW gyrotron with 50,000 volts DC, connected to a Nabors F rig. During the demo, the drill operated at approximately 48 kW, burning through rock at a rate of 0.8 inches (2 cm) per minute. Read more:

Owen Gregorian

43,798 просмотров • 1 год назад

VIDEO | Talking on whether India will stop buying Russian oil as claimed by the US, foreign secretary Vikram Misri says the country is neither dependent on any single source for this, nor intend to be. He says, "You are aware that India is a net importer in the oil and gas sector. We are a developing economy; we have to be conscious about our resource availability. Naturally, when you are dependent to the extent of 80–85% on an imported resource, you have to have concerns about the possibility of inflation driven by energy costs. So, it’s not surprising therefore that our foremost priority is to safeguard the interests of Indian consumers insofar as energy is concerned—to really ensure that they receive adequate energy at the right price and through reliable and secure supplies. And our import policy insofar as energy is concerned is therefore driven entirely by these objectives. Now, you would also have observed that in recent years, the global economy has faced significant uncertainties which have had a major impact on the stability of global energy markets... We are neither dependent on any single source for this, nor do we intend to be. And it is natural for the mix of sources to vary from time to time, depending on objective market conditions. Our approach is to maintain multiple sources of supply and diversify them as appropriate to ensure stability. Therefore, I would say that the more diversified we are in this area, the more secure we are. So far, as actual sourcing of energy is concerned—again, all of you follow this closely, so you know that the actual sourcing is done by oil companies. Oil companies in the public sector, oil companies in the private sector. And they make decisions based on market conditions. They assess availability at any given point in time, they assess risks, they assess costs in this process. And obviously, all of these companies also have their own internal accountability-related processes to look at and certain fiduciary responsibilities in the market..."

Press Trust of India

63,178 просмотров • 6 месяцев назад

Have a look at one of the greatest examples of industrial engineering art ever created. This is the rotor assembly of the Ansaldo Energia GT36, one of the most advanced heavy-duty gas turbines ever developed. What looks like a collection of polished metal blades is actually the result of 3.7 million hours of engineering, combining decades of research in aerodynamics, combustion, metallurgy, cooling systems and precision manufacturing. A gas turbine works by compressing enormous volumes of air, mixing it with fuel, burning it at extreme temperatures, and extracting energy from the expanding gases through multiple turbine stages. That is why no two blade rows look the same. Across this rotor assembly, the colours, shapes and surface finishes constantly change because each section is solving a different problem. Some blades are designed to move and control massive airflow volumes, while others must survive the most extreme environment inside the machine. The most advanced turbine blades contain microscopic internal cooling channels. The cooling does not come from room-temperature air. Compressed air extracted from the compressor section already heated to 650 degrees Celsius, is redirected through passages inside the blade. It then exits through thousands of tiny holes, creating a thin protective cooling film in real time 24/7 over the surface of the blades while the surrounding combustion gases exceed 1,500°C all while rotating at 3000 RPM. A blade is not surviving because the metal alone can withstand the heat. It survives because engineers created a controlled thermal environment around it. The blades rely on advanced nickel-based superalloys containing elements such as rhenium, tungsten, cobalt and chromium, protected by metallic bond coats and ceramic thermal barrier coatings such as yttria-stabilised zirconia. These coatings are one of the most closely guarded proprietary technologies in turbine manufacturing. Every blade requires precision casting, advanced machining, laser drilling and microscopic inspection. A manufacturing defect measured in fractions of a millimetre can affect a rotor weighing around 150 tonnes and spinning at 3,000 RPM. The complete GT36 turbine system weighs around 520 tonnes and, in its most efficient combined-cycle configuration, can produce approximately 800 MW of electricity at around 64% efficiency enough to supply roughly 500,000+ homes. A complete power plant built around a machine like this can cost around $500-600 million, but the true value is not the steel and turbine machinery. It is the industrial capability and know how required to build a machine designed to operate for 30+ years and more than 100,000 equivalent operating hours, while repeatedly surviving one of the harshest environments humans have ever engineered. This is what the peak of industrial engineering looks like before it starts moving, this is what powers the world. Engineering is Art Video by AnsaldoEnergia

Ammanichanda

101,294 просмотров • 17 дней назад

The IDF has Launched a Preemptive Strike Against Iran's Nuclear Program, Israeli military spokesperson Effie Defrin: For years, the Iranian regime has been waging a direct and indirect campaign of terror against the State of Israel, by funding and directing terrorist activities via its proxies across the Middle East, while advancing toward obtaining a nuclear weapon. The Iranian regime is at the head of the axis responsible for all terrorist attacks against the State of Israel since the beginning of the "Swords of Iron" War, including by arming and funding the Hamas terror organization which was responsible for the October 7th Massacre. During the "Swords of Iron" War, Iran even directly attacked Israel twice, firing hundreds of missiles toward the State of Israel. The Iranian regime has proclaimed that its objective is to destroy the State of Israel. Senior officials in the Iranian regime have publicly declared their intent to destroy Israel, and are operating to achieve this together with their proxies in the Middle East. Today, Iran is closer than ever to obtaining a nuclear weapon. Weapons of mass destruction in the hands of the Iranian regime are an existential threat to the State of Israel and a significant threat to the wider world. The State of Israel will not allow a regime whose objective is to destroy the State of Israel to obtain weapons of mass destruction. The IDF has conducted a process of preparations for a campaign on the frontline and on the home front. The resilience of Israel's citizens will be an important factor of the campaign. The IDF is ready to continue to act as required. The State of Israel has the obligation to act in defense of its citizens and will continue to do so everywhere it is required to do so, as we have done in the past.

Joe Truzman

15,336 просмотров • 1 год назад