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New short course on advanced retrieval for RAG (retrieval augmented generation)! RAG fetches relevant documents to give context to an LLM. In Advanced Retrieval for AI with Chroma, taught by Chroma founder anton 🇺🇸, you’ll learn: (i) Query expansion using an LLM to rewrite and improve a query, by...

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Andrew Ng

1,511,076 subscribers

191,219 次观看 • 2 年前 •via X (Twitter)

健康养生科学技术教育
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Sigil Wen 的头像
Sigil Wen2 年前

@trychroma @atroyn BIG DOG @atroyn 🥶

Max Voitko 的头像
Max Voitko2 年前

@trychroma @atroyn Chroma is based on SQLite which is good for experimentation but not production-tier db. I'm curious about what you use in production systems.

Waseem 的头像
Waseem2 年前

@trychroma @atroyn Just signed up! Looking forward to this.

Mohamed 的头像
Mohamed2 年前

@trychroma @atroyn Great !

T_Abel 的头像
T_Abel2 年前

@trychroma @atroyn Thank you so much Andrew

AI/ML Jobs 的头像
AI/ML Jobs2 年前

@trychroma @atroyn 🚀🚀

ALI SIDI 的头像
ALI SIDI2 年前

@trychroma @atroyn Is this course available on Coursera?

Lakshay Chhabra 的头像
Lakshay Chhabra2 年前

@trychroma @atroyn Thanks for this, it was very insightful.

Cezary Storczyk 的头像
Cezary Storczyk2 年前

@trychroma @atroyn So these are techniques that will allow the use of the data set possessed, without having to use it directly?

Mike Mansour 的头像
Mike Mansour2 年前

@trychroma @atroyn by the time we learn this , there will be a totally new technique or a research paper that will deem it obsolete 😂

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Our new short course, Knowledge Graphs for RAG, is now available! Knowledge graphs are a data structure that is great at capturing complex relationships between data of multiple types. By enabling more sophisticated retrieval of text than similarity search alone, knowledge graphs can improve the context you pass to the LLM and the performance of your RAG applications. In this course, taught by Andreas Kollegger of Neo4j, you’ll - Explore how knowledge graphs work by building a graph of public financial documents from scratch - Learn to write queries that retrieve text and data from the graph and use it to enhance the context you pass to an LLM chatbot - Combine a knowledge graph with a question-answer chain to build better RAG-powered chat systems Sign up here!
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Our new short course, Knowledge Graphs for RAG, is now available! Knowledge graphs are a data structure that is great at capturing complex relationships between data of multiple types. By enabling more sophisticated retrieval of text than similarity search alone, knowledge graphs can improve the context you pass to the LLM and the performance of your RAG applications. In this course, taught by Andreas Kollegger of Neo4j, you’ll - Explore how knowledge graphs work by building a graph of public financial documents from scratch - Learn to write queries that retrieve text and data from the graph and use it to enhance the context you pass to an LLM chatbot - Combine a knowledge graph with a question-answer chain to build better RAG-powered chat systems Sign up here!

Andrew Ng

244,247 次观看 • 2 年前

LangChain: Chat with Your Data, a new free short course created with Harrison Chase, is now available! In this 1 hour course, you’ll learn how to build one of the most requested LLM-based applications: Answering questions using information from a document or collection of documents (often called Retrieval Augmented Generation). You'll also learn how to use vector stores and embeddings to retrieve document chunks relevant to a query. I hope you enjoy the course!
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LangChain: Chat with Your Data, a new free short course created with Harrison Chase, is now available! In this 1 hour course, you’ll learn how to build one of the most requested LLM-based applications: Answering questions using information from a document or collection of documents (often called Retrieval Augmented Generation). You'll also learn how to use vector stores and embeddings to retrieve document chunks relevant to a query. I hope you enjoy the course!

Andrew Ng

384,156 次观看 • 2 年前

New short course on sophisticated RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) techniques is out! Taught by Jerry Liu and Anupam Datta of LlamaIndex 🦙 and TruEra , this teaches advanced techniques that help your LLM generate good answers. Topics include: - Sentence-window retrieval, which retrieves not just the most relevant sentence, but a window of sentences around it for higher quality context. - Auto-merging retrieval, which organizes your document into a hierarchical tree structure, where each parent node's text is split among its child nodes. Based on the relevance of the child nodes to a user query, this lets you better decide whether the entire parent node should be provided as context to the LLM. - Evaluation methodology for separately evaluating the quality of the key steps of RAG (context relevance, answer relevance, groundedness) so that you can perform error analysis, identify which part of your pipeline needs work, and tune components systematically. Please check out the course!
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New short course on sophisticated RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) techniques is out! Taught by Jerry Liu and Anupam Datta of LlamaIndex 🦙 and TruEra , this teaches advanced techniques that help your LLM generate good answers. Topics include: - Sentence-window retrieval, which retrieves not just the most relevant sentence, but a window of sentences around it for higher quality context. - Auto-merging retrieval, which organizes your document into a hierarchical tree structure, where each parent node's text is split among its child nodes. Based on the relevance of the child nodes to a user query, this lets you better decide whether the entire parent node should be provided as context to the LLM. - Evaluation methodology for separately evaluating the quality of the key steps of RAG (context relevance, answer relevance, groundedness) so that you can perform error analysis, identify which part of your pipeline needs work, and tune components systematically. Please check out the course!

Andrew Ng

655,474 次观看 • 2 年前

Announcing a new Coursera course: Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) You'll learn to build high performance, production-ready RAG systems in this hands-on, in-depth course created by and taught by Zain, experienced AI and ML engineer, researcher, and educator. RAG is a critical component today of many LLM-based applications in customer support, internal company Q&A systems, even many of the leading chatbots that use web search to answer your questions. This course teaches you in-depth how to make RAG work well. LLMs can produce generic or outdated responses, especially when asked specialized questions not covered in its training data. RAG is the most widely used technique for addressing this. It brings in data from new data sources, such as internal documents or recent news, to give the LLM the relevant context to private, recent, or specialized information. This lets it generate more grounded and accurate responses. In this course, you’ll learn to design and implement every part of a RAG system, from retrievers to vector databases to generation to evals. You’ll learn about the fundamental principles behind RAG and how to optimize it at both the component and whole-system levels. As AI evolves, RAG is evolving too. New models can handle longer context windows, reason more effectively, and can be parts of complex agentic workflows. One exciting growth area is Agentic RAG, in which an AI agent at runtime (rather than it being hardcoded at development time) autonomously decides what data to retrieve, and when/how to go deeper. Even with this evolution, access to high-quality data at runtime is essential, which is why RAG is a key part of so many applications. You'll learn via hands-on experiences to: - Build a RAG system with retrieval and prompt augmentation - Compare retrieval methods like BM25, semantic search, and Reciprocal Rank Fusion - Chunk, index, and retrieve documents using a Weaviate vector database and a news dataset - Develop a chatbot, using open-source LLMs hosted by Together AI, for a fictional store that answers product and FAQ questions - Use evals to drive improving reliability, and incorporate multi-modal data RAG is an important foundational technique. Become good at it through this course! Please sign up here:
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Announcing a new Coursera course: Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) You'll learn to build high performance, production-ready RAG systems in this hands-on, in-depth course created by and taught by Zain, experienced AI and ML engineer, researcher, and educator. RAG is a critical component today of many LLM-based applications in customer support, internal company Q&A systems, even many of the leading chatbots that use web search to answer your questions. This course teaches you in-depth how to make RAG work well. LLMs can produce generic or outdated responses, especially when asked specialized questions not covered in its training data. RAG is the most widely used technique for addressing this. It brings in data from new data sources, such as internal documents or recent news, to give the LLM the relevant context to private, recent, or specialized information. This lets it generate more grounded and accurate responses. In this course, you’ll learn to design and implement every part of a RAG system, from retrievers to vector databases to generation to evals. You’ll learn about the fundamental principles behind RAG and how to optimize it at both the component and whole-system levels. As AI evolves, RAG is evolving too. New models can handle longer context windows, reason more effectively, and can be parts of complex agentic workflows. One exciting growth area is Agentic RAG, in which an AI agent at runtime (rather than it being hardcoded at development time) autonomously decides what data to retrieve, and when/how to go deeper. Even with this evolution, access to high-quality data at runtime is essential, which is why RAG is a key part of so many applications. You'll learn via hands-on experiences to: - Build a RAG system with retrieval and prompt augmentation - Compare retrieval methods like BM25, semantic search, and Reciprocal Rank Fusion - Chunk, index, and retrieve documents using a Weaviate vector database and a news dataset - Develop a chatbot, using open-source LLMs hosted by Together AI, for a fictional store that answers product and FAQ questions - Use evals to drive improving reliability, and incorporate multi-modal data RAG is an important foundational technique. Become good at it through this course! Please sign up here:

Andrew Ng

124,314 次观看 • 11 个月前

Learn to optimize RAG for cost and performance in our new short course, Prompt Compression and Query Optimization, created with MongoDB and taught by Richmond Alake. This course teaches you to combine traditional database capabilities with vector search using MongoDB for RAG. You'll learn these techniques: - Vector search: For semantic matching of user queries - Filtering using metadata: Pre- and post-filtering to narrow search results - Projections: Selecting only necessary fields to minimize data returned - Boosting: Reranking results to improve relevance - Prompt compression: Using a small LLM to compress context, significantly reducing token count and processing costs These methods address scaling, performance, and security challenges in large-scale RAG applications. You can sign up here:
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Learn to optimize RAG for cost and performance in our new short course, Prompt Compression and Query Optimization, created with MongoDB and taught by Richmond Alake. This course teaches you to combine traditional database capabilities with vector search using MongoDB for RAG. You'll learn these techniques: - Vector search: For semantic matching of user queries - Filtering using metadata: Pre- and post-filtering to narrow search results - Projections: Selecting only necessary fields to minimize data returned - Boosting: Reranking results to improve relevance - Prompt compression: Using a small LLM to compress context, significantly reducing token count and processing costs These methods address scaling, performance, and security challenges in large-scale RAG applications. You can sign up here:

Andrew Ng

71,672 次观看 • 1 年前

Vector databases are a key part of many LLM applications that need search or data retrieval, for example with Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG). Learn how they work + how to use them in our new short course, taught by Weaviate AI Database's Sebastia(N_) Witalec ✊🏽✊🏾✊🏿!
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Vector databases are a key part of many LLM applications that need search or data retrieval, for example with Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG). Learn how they work + how to use them in our new short course, taught by Weaviate AI Database's Sebastia(N_) Witalec ✊🏽✊🏾✊🏿!

Andrew Ng

420,673 次观看 • 2 年前

Verba is an open source Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) application that performs RAG on your own data. To showcase its capabilities, we've customized it as an Airbnb chatbot using Airbnb’s customer documentation. How it works: • Ask any questions, related to your booking, policies, or anything related to your Airbnb experience. • Get relevant, human-like responses: Verba provides natural and informative answers. • Access original sources: One of the standout features of RAG is its ability to directly indicate the sources it used to generate each response. Under the hood, Verba uses a RAG pipeline to deliver these exceptional results. Your query is transformed into a numerical representation (vector) and be used to search through our vector database for the most similar context using Hybrid Search. The most relevant context is then combined with your original question and fed into a powerful large language model (LLM). The LLM will then use all of that information to generate a conversational response. Et voilà! 💫 Try Verba: Verba on GitHub: Learn more in our video:
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Verba is an open source Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) application that performs RAG on your own data. To showcase its capabilities, we've customized it as an Airbnb chatbot using Airbnb’s customer documentation. How it works: • Ask any questions, related to your booking, policies, or anything related to your Airbnb experience. • Get relevant, human-like responses: Verba provides natural and informative answers. • Access original sources: One of the standout features of RAG is its ability to directly indicate the sources it used to generate each response. Under the hood, Verba uses a RAG pipeline to deliver these exceptional results. Your query is transformed into a numerical representation (vector) and be used to search through our vector database for the most similar context using Hybrid Search. The most relevant context is then combined with your original question and fed into a powerful large language model (LLM). The LLM will then use all of that information to generate a conversational response. Et voilà! 💫 Try Verba: Verba on GitHub: Learn more in our video:

Femke Plantinga

120,565 次观看 • 1 年前

New short course on Building Applications with Vector Databases, taught by Pinecone’s Tim Tully! At the heart of a vector database is the ability to store a collection of vectors and then query against that, meaning input a new vector and find similar ones. This is useful for many AI applications. In this course, you'll learn how to use vector databases to build: (i) Semantic Search: Create a text search tool that goes beyond keyword matching, and instead focuses on the meaning of content. (ii) RAG (retrieval augmented generation): Enhance your LLM output by incorporating context from sources the model wasn't trained on. (iii) Recommender System: Combine semantic search and RAG to recommend topics, and demonstrate it with a news article recommender. (iv) Hybrid Search: Build an application that finds items using both images and descriptive text -- by combining both sparse and dense vector representations of the data -- using an eCommerce dataset as an example. (v) Image Similarity: Use image vector embeddings to create an app to compare facial features, using a database of public figures to determine the likeness between them. (vi) Anomaly Detection: Build an anomaly detection app that identifies unusual patterns in network communication logs. I hope you’ll enjoy learning how to build all these types of applications! Please sign up here:
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New short course on Building Applications with Vector Databases, taught by Pinecone’s Tim Tully! At the heart of a vector database is the ability to store a collection of vectors and then query against that, meaning input a new vector and find similar ones. This is useful for many AI applications. In this course, you'll learn how to use vector databases to build: (i) Semantic Search: Create a text search tool that goes beyond keyword matching, and instead focuses on the meaning of content. (ii) RAG (retrieval augmented generation): Enhance your LLM output by incorporating context from sources the model wasn't trained on. (iii) Recommender System: Combine semantic search and RAG to recommend topics, and demonstrate it with a news article recommender. (iv) Hybrid Search: Build an application that finds items using both images and descriptive text -- by combining both sparse and dense vector representations of the data -- using an eCommerce dataset as an example. (v) Image Similarity: Use image vector embeddings to create an app to compare facial features, using a database of public figures to determine the likeness between them. (vi) Anomaly Detection: Build an anomaly detection app that identifies unusual patterns in network communication logs. I hope you’ll enjoy learning how to build all these types of applications! Please sign up here:

Andrew Ng

137,034 次观看 • 2 年前

New short course: Building Multimodal Search and RAG", by Weaviate AI Database's Sebastia(N_) Witalec ✊🏽✊🏾✊🏿. Contrastive learning is used to train models to map vectors into an embedding space by pulling similar concepts closer together and pushing dissimilar concepts away from each other. This technique is also used to train multimodal embedding models that capture semantic similarity across different modalities like text, images, and audio. These multimodal embeddings can be used to build multimodal search and RAG systems. In this course, you'll learn how contrastive learning works, and how to add multimodality to RAG – so your models can draw on diverse, relevant context to answer questions. For example, a query about a financial report might synthesize information from text snippets, graphs, tables, and slides. You will also learn how visual instruction tuning lets you integrate image understanding into language models, and build a multi-vector recommender system using Weaviate’s open-source vector database. Please sign up here:
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New short course: Building Multimodal Search and RAG", by Weaviate AI Database's Sebastia(N_) Witalec ✊🏽✊🏾✊🏿. Contrastive learning is used to train models to map vectors into an embedding space by pulling similar concepts closer together and pushing dissimilar concepts away from each other. This technique is also used to train multimodal embedding models that capture semantic similarity across different modalities like text, images, and audio. These multimodal embeddings can be used to build multimodal search and RAG systems. In this course, you'll learn how contrastive learning works, and how to add multimodality to RAG – so your models can draw on diverse, relevant context to answer questions. For example, a query about a financial report might synthesize information from text snippets, graphs, tables, and slides. You will also learn how visual instruction tuning lets you integrate image understanding into language models, and build a multi-vector recommender system using Weaviate’s open-source vector database. Please sign up here:

Andrew Ng

104,371 次观看 • 2 年前

Building a reliable RAG system doesn’t stop at retrieval and generation, you need observability too. In the Retrieval Augmented Generation course, you'll explore how LLM observability platforms can help you: - Trace prompts through each step of the pipeline - Log and evaluate component behavior - Run experiments and monitor system performance over time The lesson uses Phoenix (by Arize) as an open-source example, but the techniques apply broadly, and you'll also learn where traditional tools like Grafana or Datadog fit in. 🧠 Learn how to monitor and improve your RAG systems in the full course:
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Building a reliable RAG system doesn’t stop at retrieval and generation, you need observability too. In the Retrieval Augmented Generation course, you'll explore how LLM observability platforms can help you: - Trace prompts through each step of the pipeline - Log and evaluate component behavior - Run experiments and monitor system performance over time The lesson uses Phoenix (by Arize) as an open-source example, but the techniques apply broadly, and you'll also learn where traditional tools like Grafana or Datadog fit in. 🧠 Learn how to monitor and improve your RAG systems in the full course:

DeepLearning.AI

14,702 次观看 • 10 个月前

LLMs can make sense of retrieved context because of how transformers work. In one of the lessons from the Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) course, we unpack how LLMs process augmented prompts using token embeddings, positional vectors, and multi-head attention. Understanding these internals helps you design more reliable and efficient RAG systems. Watch the breakdown and keep learning how to build production-ready RAG systems in this course, taught by Zain:
2:09

LLMs can make sense of retrieved context because of how transformers work. In one of the lessons from the Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) course, we unpack how LLMs process augmented prompts using token embeddings, positional vectors, and multi-head attention. Understanding these internals helps you design more reliable and efficient RAG systems. Watch the breakdown and keep learning how to build production-ready RAG systems in this course, taught by Zain:

DeepLearning.AI

11,500 次观看 • 10 个月前

Data preprocessing is critical for building effective RAG systems. Our new short course, Preprocessing Unstructured Data for LLM Applications, taught by Matt Robinson of Unstructured, demonstrates important but sometimes overlooked aspects of RAG systems: - How to extract and normalize content from diverse formats like PDF, Powerpoint, and HTML to expand your LLM's knowledge - Enriching data with metadata to enable more powerful retrieval and reasoning - Applying document layout analysis and vision transforms to process embedded images and tables Then you’ll use all these skills and build a RAG bot that draws from a corpus that includes PDF, PowerPoint, and Markdown documents. Please sign up here:
3:07

Data preprocessing is critical for building effective RAG systems. Our new short course, Preprocessing Unstructured Data for LLM Applications, taught by Matt Robinson of Unstructured, demonstrates important but sometimes overlooked aspects of RAG systems: - How to extract and normalize content from diverse formats like PDF, Powerpoint, and HTML to expand your LLM's knowledge - Enriching data with metadata to enable more powerful retrieval and reasoning - Applying document layout analysis and vision transforms to process embedded images and tables Then you’ll use all these skills and build a RAG bot that draws from a corpus that includes PDF, PowerPoint, and Markdown documents. Please sign up here:

Andrew Ng

150,317 次观看 • 2 年前

Check it out: An entire lesson from BloomTech's AI for Developer Productivity course! Fundamentals of RAG (Retrieval-Augmented-Generation). How we enhance accuracy and reliability of generative AI models. This is the foundation we build on to give AI important context.
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Check it out: An entire lesson from BloomTech's AI for Developer Productivity course! Fundamentals of RAG (Retrieval-Augmented-Generation). How we enhance accuracy and reliability of generative AI models. This is the foundation we build on to give AI important context.

Austen Allred

79,492 次观看 • 2 年前

We just released "Large Language Models with Semantic Search”, built with Cohere, and taught by Jay Alammar and Luis Serrano. Search is a key part of many applications. Say, you need to retrieve documents or products in response to a user query; how can LLMs help? You’ll learn about (i) Embeddings, to retrieve a collection of documents loosely related to a query, and (ii) LLM assisted re-ranking, to rank them precisely according to relevance. You’ll also go through code showing how to tie all this together to build a complete search system for retrieving relevant Wikipedia articles. Please check it out!
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We just released "Large Language Models with Semantic Search”, built with Cohere, and taught by Jay Alammar and Luis Serrano. Search is a key part of many applications. Say, you need to retrieve documents or products in response to a user query; how can LLMs help? You’ll learn about (i) Embeddings, to retrieve a collection of documents loosely related to a query, and (ii) LLM assisted re-ranking, to rank them precisely according to relevance. You’ll also go through code showing how to tie all this together to build a complete search system for retrieving relevant Wikipedia articles. Please check it out!

Andrew Ng

589,287 次观看 • 2 年前

The future of AI is open-source. And ollama is the easiest way to build AI applications with open-source LLMs. Here's how to build a free, private RAG app using open-source tools. We'll use: - Ollama for LLMs and embedding models - PostgreSQL for data storage and retrieval - pgai Vectorizer for embedding creation and sync (I use Nomic for embeddings and tinnyllama as my LLM but you can substitute them for any models on Ollama)
15:16

The future of AI is open-source. And ollama is the easiest way to build AI applications with open-source LLMs. Here's how to build a free, private RAG app using open-source tools. We'll use: - Ollama for LLMs and embedding models - PostgreSQL for data storage and retrieval - pgai Vectorizer for embedding creation and sync (I use Nomic for embeddings and tinnyllama as my LLM but you can substitute them for any models on Ollama)

Avthar

34,261 次观看 • 1 年前

There’s been two papers released in the past couple months, one by Google and one by NVIDIA, that argue that ordering the documents retrieved by RAG systems can enhance performance. However, they both give two different strategies on HOW these documents should be ordered 🤔 Both papers agree on two main points: 1️⃣ There’s a fundamental issue in RAG - as more documents are retrieved, more irrelevant context (e.g., hard negatives) are introduced, which leads to confusion for the LLM and eventually degrades the quality of the generated output. This is called an inverted-U performance curve. 2️⃣ Ordering the retrieved documents is a key lever for optimizing RAG performance. Google Cloud researchers proposed ordering results based on relevance scores: The authors in this paper argue for relevance-based reordering, or ordering the retrieved chunks based on their similarity scores, so the most relevant documents are at the beginning and the end of the inputs to counter the “lost in the middle” effect. NVIDIA researchers proposed ordering results based on the original sequence of document chunks: The authors of this paper argue for Order-Preserving Reordering, or Order-Preserve RAG (OP-RAG), to maintain the logically coherent content flow of the document. So they preserved the original order of retrieved document chunks in the source text, instead of ranking them by relevance scores. So which one is right? It probably depends on the specific use case and dataset - relevance-based reordering could perform better in tasks where you need fast access to the most critical information (e.g., fact retrieval, QA systems), while order-preserving RAG might be better where you need to understand the sequential structure of information (e.g., narrative or legal documents). There are still so many uncertainties in AI - we don’t actually know what we’re doing, and it takes awhile to figure out the best strategies for most things! Excited to see more research about this.
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There’s been two papers released in the past couple months, one by Google and one by NVIDIA, that argue that ordering the documents retrieved by RAG systems can enhance performance. However, they both give two different strategies on HOW these documents should be ordered 🤔 Both papers agree on two main points: 1️⃣ There’s a fundamental issue in RAG - as more documents are retrieved, more irrelevant context (e.g., hard negatives) are introduced, which leads to confusion for the LLM and eventually degrades the quality of the generated output. This is called an inverted-U performance curve. 2️⃣ Ordering the retrieved documents is a key lever for optimizing RAG performance. Google Cloud researchers proposed ordering results based on relevance scores: The authors in this paper argue for relevance-based reordering, or ordering the retrieved chunks based on their similarity scores, so the most relevant documents are at the beginning and the end of the inputs to counter the “lost in the middle” effect. NVIDIA researchers proposed ordering results based on the original sequence of document chunks: The authors of this paper argue for Order-Preserving Reordering, or Order-Preserve RAG (OP-RAG), to maintain the logically coherent content flow of the document. So they preserved the original order of retrieved document chunks in the source text, instead of ranking them by relevance scores. So which one is right? It probably depends on the specific use case and dataset - relevance-based reordering could perform better in tasks where you need fast access to the most critical information (e.g., fact retrieval, QA systems), while order-preserving RAG might be better where you need to understand the sequential structure of information (e.g., narrative or legal documents). There are still so many uncertainties in AI - we don’t actually know what we’re doing, and it takes awhile to figure out the best strategies for most things! Excited to see more research about this.

Victoria Slocum

15,213 次观看 • 1 年前

Tokenization -- turning text into a sequence of integers -- is a key part of generative AI, and most API providers charge per million tokens. How does tokenization work? Learn the details of tokenization and RAG optimization in Retrieval Optimization: From Tokenization to Vector Quantization, created in collaboration with Qdrant and taught by its Developer Relations Lead, Kacper Łukawski. This course focuses on Retrieval augmented generation (RAG), which has two steps: First, a retriever finds relevant information; then, the generator uses what’s retrieved as context to produce a response. You’ll learn to optimize the first step (the retriever) by understanding how tokenization works and how it impacts the relevance of your search. In addition, you will also learn to measure and improve retrieval quality, speed, and memory. In detail, you’ll: - Learn about the internal workings of the embedding models and how your text turns into vectors. - Understand how several tokenizers, such as Byte-Pair Encoding, WordPiece, Unigram, and SentencePiece work. - Explore common challenges with tokenizers, such as unknown tokens, domain-specific identifiers, and numerical values, that can negatively affect your vector search. - Understand how to measure the quality of your search across relevance, ranking, and score-related metrics. - Understand how the main parameters in "HNSW", a graph-based algorithm, affect the relevance and speed of vector search, and how to tune its parameters. - Experiment with the three major quantization methods – product, scalar, and binary – and learn how they impact memory requirements, search quality, and speed. By the end of this course, you’ll have a solid understanding of how tokenization functions and how to optimize vector search in your RAG systems. Please sign up here!
4:10

Tokenization -- turning text into a sequence of integers -- is a key part of generative AI, and most API providers charge per million tokens. How does tokenization work? Learn the details of tokenization and RAG optimization in Retrieval Optimization: From Tokenization to Vector Quantization, created in collaboration with Qdrant and taught by its Developer Relations Lead, Kacper Łukawski. This course focuses on Retrieval augmented generation (RAG), which has two steps: First, a retriever finds relevant information; then, the generator uses what’s retrieved as context to produce a response. You’ll learn to optimize the first step (the retriever) by understanding how tokenization works and how it impacts the relevance of your search. In addition, you will also learn to measure and improve retrieval quality, speed, and memory. In detail, you’ll: - Learn about the internal workings of the embedding models and how your text turns into vectors. - Understand how several tokenizers, such as Byte-Pair Encoding, WordPiece, Unigram, and SentencePiece work. - Explore common challenges with tokenizers, such as unknown tokens, domain-specific identifiers, and numerical values, that can negatively affect your vector search. - Understand how to measure the quality of your search across relevance, ranking, and score-related metrics. - Understand how the main parameters in "HNSW", a graph-based algorithm, affect the relevance and speed of vector search, and how to tune its parameters. - Experiment with the three major quantization methods – product, scalar, and binary – and learn how they impact memory requirements, search quality, and speed. By the end of this course, you’ll have a solid understanding of how tokenization functions and how to optimize vector search in your RAG systems. Please sign up here!

Andrew Ng

146,200 次观看 • 1 年前

I’m excited to kick off the first of our short courses focused on agents, starting with Building Agentic RAG with LlamaIndex, taught by Jerry Liu, CEO of LlamaIndex 🦙. This covers an important shift in RAG (retrieval augmented generation), in which rather than having the developer write explicit routines to retrieve information to feed into the LLM context, we instead build a RAG agent that that has access to tools for retrieving information. This lets the agent decide what information to fetch, and enables it to answer more complex questions using multi-step reasoning. In detail, you'll learn about: - Routing: Where your agent will use decision-making to route requests to multiple tools. - Tool Use: Where you'll create an interface for agents to select what tool (function call) to use as well as generate the right arguments. - Multi-step reasoning with tool use: Where you'll use an LLM to carry out multiple steps of reasoning, while retaining memory throughout the process. You’ll also learn how to step through what your agent is doing to debug and improve it iteratively. It’s an exciting time to build agents. Sign up and get started here!
2:06

I’m excited to kick off the first of our short courses focused on agents, starting with Building Agentic RAG with LlamaIndex, taught by Jerry Liu, CEO of LlamaIndex 🦙. This covers an important shift in RAG (retrieval augmented generation), in which rather than having the developer write explicit routines to retrieve information to feed into the LLM context, we instead build a RAG agent that that has access to tools for retrieving information. This lets the agent decide what information to fetch, and enables it to answer more complex questions using multi-step reasoning. In detail, you'll learn about: - Routing: Where your agent will use decision-making to route requests to multiple tools. - Tool Use: Where you'll create an interface for agents to select what tool (function call) to use as well as generate the right arguments. - Multi-step reasoning with tool use: Where you'll use an LLM to carry out multiple steps of reasoning, while retaining memory throughout the process. You’ll also learn how to step through what your agent is doing to debug and improve it iteratively. It’s an exciting time to build agents. Sign up and get started here!

Andrew Ng

297,053 次观看 • 2 年前

Traditional (SQL) databases rely primarily on keyword-based searches to retrieve information. These searches match the exact words or phrases in your query to the text stored in the database. While effective for many applications, this method has limitations when it comes to understanding context or finding relevant information that doesn’t include the exact keywords. Hybrid search combines the strengths of traditional keyword-based BM25 search with the advanced capabilities of semantic search. To effectively implement a hybrid search, a vector database is essential. Vector databases go beyond just words; they understand the meaning behind the data. They transform data such as text, images, or audio into numerical representations called vectors. These vector embeddings enable the database to find similar items, even if they don't share exact keywords. When you integrate hybrid search with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, you can achieve higher accuracy in retrieved context and better output in generated responses. Learn more about RAG systems in this video with Victoria Slocum:
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Traditional (SQL) databases rely primarily on keyword-based searches to retrieve information. These searches match the exact words or phrases in your query to the text stored in the database. While effective for many applications, this method has limitations when it comes to understanding context or finding relevant information that doesn’t include the exact keywords. Hybrid search combines the strengths of traditional keyword-based BM25 search with the advanced capabilities of semantic search. To effectively implement a hybrid search, a vector database is essential. Vector databases go beyond just words; they understand the meaning behind the data. They transform data such as text, images, or audio into numerical representations called vectors. These vector embeddings enable the database to find similar items, even if they don't share exact keywords. When you integrate hybrid search with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, you can achieve higher accuracy in retrieved context and better output in generated responses. Learn more about RAG systems in this video with Victoria Slocum:

Femke Plantinga

139,979 次观看 • 1 年前

Build a RAG Application from Scratch 🐕 This video covers the architecture behind Verba 0.3.0! The design behind Verba is to have an explicit manager for each core component of RAG pipelines (Read, Chunk, Embed, Retrieve, Generate) 1. ReaderManager: Load in your data (GitHubReader, PDFReader, SimpleReader, etc.) 2. ChunkManager: Chunk up your data into smaller bits (avoids hitting the token limit and results in better retrieval) 3. EmbeddingManager: Convert your data into embeddings (use OpenAI, Cohere, SentenceTransformer, etc.) 4. RetrieverManager: Retrieve the relevant context from your query 5. GenerationManager: Generate an answer from the retrieved chunks Test out Verba on the Weaviate AI Database docs/blogs here: Verba repo:
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Build a RAG Application from Scratch 🐕 This video covers the architecture behind Verba 0.3.0! The design behind Verba is to have an explicit manager for each core component of RAG pipelines (Read, Chunk, Embed, Retrieve, Generate) 1. ReaderManager: Load in your data (GitHubReader, PDFReader, SimpleReader, etc.) 2. ChunkManager: Chunk up your data into smaller bits (avoids hitting the token limit and results in better retrieval) 3. EmbeddingManager: Convert your data into embeddings (use OpenAI, Cohere, SentenceTransformer, etc.) 4. RetrieverManager: Retrieve the relevant context from your query 5. GenerationManager: Generate an answer from the retrieved chunks Test out Verba on the Weaviate AI Database docs/blogs here: Verba repo:

Erika Shorten

155,273 次观看 • 2 年前