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One wrong microsecond during ignition, and a Starship engine explodes. Here’s why Raptor needs multiple startup steps... Starting a SpaceX Raptor engine isn't as simple as turning a key or flipping a switch—it requires a fast, highly orchestrated sequence to safely ignite one of the most complex machines on...

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Rocketry

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13,600 просмотров • 19 дней назад •via X (Twitter)

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SpaceX mastered full-flow staged combustion - the most challenging engine cycle ever flown. Every propellant drop runs through turbopumps before reaching the combustion chamber. The catch? Parts face 600 bar pressures and extreme temperatures. This demanded a new approach...
0:44

SpaceX mastered full-flow staged combustion - the most challenging engine cycle ever flown. Every propellant drop runs through turbopumps before reaching the combustion chamber. The catch? Parts face 600 bar pressures and extreme temperatures. This demanded a new approach...

Gaurab Chakrabarti

183,695 просмотров • 1 год назад

SpaceX’s Raptor engine didn’t just iterate on rocket design—it obliterated one of the biggest engineering nightmares in aerospace: turbopump cross-contamination. By splitting the oxygen and methane boost pumps onto completely separate, dual-shaft drives, engineers eliminated the catastrophic risk of volatile propellants leaking into each other under extreme chamber pressures. It’s the sheer mechanical brilliance behind Full-Flow Staged Combustion that finally made rapid rocket reusability a reality. #SpaceX #RaptorEngine #RocketEngineering #Aerospace #Starship #EngineeringExcellence #Propulsion #TechInnovation
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SpaceX’s Raptor engine didn’t just iterate on rocket design—it obliterated one of the biggest engineering nightmares in aerospace: turbopump cross-contamination. By splitting the oxygen and methane boost pumps onto completely separate, dual-shaft drives, engineers eliminated the catastrophic risk of volatile propellants leaking into each other under extreme chamber pressures. It’s the sheer mechanical brilliance behind Full-Flow Staged Combustion that finally made rapid rocket reusability a reality. #SpaceX #RaptorEngine #RocketEngineering #Aerospace #Starship #EngineeringExcellence #Propulsion #TechInnovation

Rocketry

49,935 просмотров • 3 месяцев назад

SpaceX wants to launch Starship multiple times a day, but a quiet physical bottleneck stands in the way: engine thermal conditioning. Before ignition, the 33-Raptor cluster must be chilled to cryogenic temperatures to avoid destroying the turbopumps on startup. This rapid plunge into extreme cold subjects the entire booster's plumbing to massive mechanical contraction and thermal strain. Scaling this process to a rapid launch cadence requires materials that can survive constant, rapid thermal cycling without fracturing—a frontier where metallurgy meets high-frequency spaceflight. #SpaceX #Starship #RaptorEngine #AerospaceEngineering #MaterialsScience #RocketScience #Cryogenics #ThermalDynamics
2:53

SpaceX wants to launch Starship multiple times a day, but a quiet physical bottleneck stands in the way: engine thermal conditioning. Before ignition, the 33-Raptor cluster must be chilled to cryogenic temperatures to avoid destroying the turbopumps on startup. This rapid plunge into extreme cold subjects the entire booster's plumbing to massive mechanical contraction and thermal strain. Scaling this process to a rapid launch cadence requires materials that can survive constant, rapid thermal cycling without fracturing—a frontier where metallurgy meets high-frequency spaceflight. #SpaceX #Starship #RaptorEngine #AerospaceEngineering #MaterialsScience #RocketScience #Cryogenics #ThermalDynamics

Rocketry

53,397 просмотров • 3 месяцев назад

ISRO shares a detailed update on its LOX-Methane engine programme, the propulsion planned for the Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) and for the future heavy-lift vehicle for India's crewed lunar landing (target 2040). Why methane? - Clean combustion - Low maintenance, which helps reusability - Can be made on Mars from CO2 + water ice, which helps future Mars missions and human settlement LM20-TD: the demonstrator (2019–2020) - 20-tonne thrust technology demonstrator built from existing CE-20 cryogenic engine subsystems - Converted to LOX-CH4 by modifying the propellant flow control and engine start-up systems - Gas generator cycle, with thrust chamber, fuel-rich GG, LOX & fuel turbopumps, igniter, and a mixture ratio control valve with electric drive - Test sequence worked out with an in-house mathematical model - 1 cold flow + 5 hot tests at IPRC - Gave key data on chill-down, ignition, engine start, combustion and rotor-dynamics LME1100: the main engine (started 2023) - 1100 kN thrust, Gas Generator Cycle - Designed to be industry-friendly and cost-effective - Over 70% of components made by additive manufacturing (3D printing) with industry partners across India Gas Generator - 3D printed, in qualification tests at IPRC - Sub-scale GG tests worked out the ignition sequence with a spark torch igniter and tested the 3D-printed injector elements - First ignition test of the full-scale GG on October 9, 2026, with more tests planned Thrust Chamber - Sub-scale hot test campaign at IPRC - Proved the new manufacturing methods planned for the full-scale chamber - Settled the best injector configuration - Showed both oxidiser-rich and fuel-rich spark torch igniters working Turbopumps - LOX and methane turbopumps made by Indian industry - 3D-printed LOX pump impeller spin-tested at LPSC up to its rated speed - Seals and bearings in qualification at LPSC and IPRC - Cold flow tests of the integrated turbopumps ongoing at IPRC Ignition systems - GOX-GCH4 spark torch igniters, oxidiser-rich and fuel-rich - Semiconductor spark plug igniter (LPSC + VSSC + IIST) - Laser ignition, demonstrated with GOX-GH2 and GOX-GCH4 What's next - Integrated LME1100 engine ready by mid-2027, followed by a hot test series including different thrust throttling profiles - Design completed for a 2400 kN Full Flow Staged Combustion Cycle (FFSCC) engine, meant for a future human-rated heavy-lift launch vehicle for crewed lunar landing missions Source: #ISRO #LOXMethane #LME1100 #NGLV #IndianSpace
0:09

ISRO shares a detailed update on its LOX-Methane engine programme, the propulsion planned for the Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) and for the future heavy-lift vehicle for India's crewed lunar landing (target 2040). Why methane? - Clean combustion - Low maintenance, which helps reusability - Can be made on Mars from CO2 + water ice, which helps future Mars missions and human settlement LM20-TD: the demonstrator (2019–2020) - 20-tonne thrust technology demonstrator built from existing CE-20 cryogenic engine subsystems - Converted to LOX-CH4 by modifying the propellant flow control and engine start-up systems - Gas generator cycle, with thrust chamber, fuel-rich GG, LOX & fuel turbopumps, igniter, and a mixture ratio control valve with electric drive - Test sequence worked out with an in-house mathematical model - 1 cold flow + 5 hot tests at IPRC - Gave key data on chill-down, ignition, engine start, combustion and rotor-dynamics LME1100: the main engine (started 2023) - 1100 kN thrust, Gas Generator Cycle - Designed to be industry-friendly and cost-effective - Over 70% of components made by additive manufacturing (3D printing) with industry partners across India Gas Generator - 3D printed, in qualification tests at IPRC - Sub-scale GG tests worked out the ignition sequence with a spark torch igniter and tested the 3D-printed injector elements - First ignition test of the full-scale GG on October 9, 2026, with more tests planned Thrust Chamber - Sub-scale hot test campaign at IPRC - Proved the new manufacturing methods planned for the full-scale chamber - Settled the best injector configuration - Showed both oxidiser-rich and fuel-rich spark torch igniters working Turbopumps - LOX and methane turbopumps made by Indian industry - 3D-printed LOX pump impeller spin-tested at LPSC up to its rated speed - Seals and bearings in qualification at LPSC and IPRC - Cold flow tests of the integrated turbopumps ongoing at IPRC Ignition systems - GOX-GCH4 spark torch igniters, oxidiser-rich and fuel-rich - Semiconductor spark plug igniter (LPSC + VSSC + IIST) - Laser ignition, demonstrated with GOX-GH2 and GOX-GCH4 What's next - Integrated LME1100 engine ready by mid-2027, followed by a hot test series including different thrust throttling profiles - Design completed for a 2400 kN Full Flow Staged Combustion Cycle (FFSCC) engine, meant for a future human-rated heavy-lift launch vehicle for crewed lunar landing missions Source: #ISRO #LOXMethane #LME1100 #NGLV #IndianSpace

indianspaceflight.in🇮🇳

44,793 просмотров • 27 дней назад

Engine ignition and liftoff of Starship on Flight 4 as seen from the launch tower
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Engine ignition and liftoff of Starship on Flight 4 as seen from the launch tower

SpaceX

56,537,986 просмотров • 2 лет назад

Inside Starship's combustion chamber, liquid methane and oxygen mix so violently they can create engine-killing shockwaves—unless you force them into a mini tornado. 🌪️👇#SpaceX #Starship #ShockWave
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Inside Starship's combustion chamber, liquid methane and oxygen mix so violently they can create engine-killing shockwaves—unless you force them into a mini tornado. 🌪️👇#SpaceX #Starship #ShockWave

Rocketry

64,741 просмотров • 5 месяцев назад

I asked Claude Opus 5.5 to explain how a rocket engine works by building an interactive Raptor 3 you can take apart in your browser. Cut it open, follow the oxygen and the methane through both turbopumps, then throttle it and watch the shock diamonds move.
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I asked Claude Opus 5.5 to explain how a rocket engine works by building an interactive Raptor 3 you can take apart in your browser. Cut it open, follow the oxygen and the methane through both turbopumps, then throttle it and watch the shock diamonds move.

Konstantin Saifoulline

1,183,861 просмотров • 1 месяц назад

Most people have heard of nitrous oxide, but very few understand why injecting this gas can allow a piston engine to go from 450 horsepower to more than 2,000 horsepower. Nitrous oxide N₂O is not fuel. It is an oxygen carrier. Inside the combustion chamber, extreme heat breaks it down, releasing additional oxygen that allows the engine to burn far more fuel than it normally could. But the hard part is not adding nitrous. The real engineering challenge is controlling the explosion, precisely balancing nitrous flow, fuel delivery, ignition timing and cylinder temperatures. Too little fuel creates a melted engine. Too much destroys the power advantage.
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Most people have heard of nitrous oxide, but very few understand why injecting this gas can allow a piston engine to go from 450 horsepower to more than 2,000 horsepower. Nitrous oxide N₂O is not fuel. It is an oxygen carrier. Inside the combustion chamber, extreme heat breaks it down, releasing additional oxygen that allows the engine to burn far more fuel than it normally could. But the hard part is not adding nitrous. The real engineering challenge is controlling the explosion, precisely balancing nitrous flow, fuel delivery, ignition timing and cylinder temperatures. Too little fuel creates a melted engine. Too much destroys the power advantage.

Ammanichanda

75,123 просмотров • 3 месяцев назад

The secret to keeping Starship from ripping itself apart at 7,000+ MPH? It’s all about the "deep freeze." When SpaceX's Raptor engines ignite, they gulp down thousands of gallons of propellant every single second. At that insane flow rate, regular fuel would actually start to boil from the drop in pressure, creating deadly vapor bubbles—a phenomenon called cavitation. Think of it like microscopic pipe bombs violently imploding inside the fuel pumps, capable of shredding metal in seconds. By super-chilling the liquid oxygen and methane into a "sub-cooled," hyper-dense state, SpaceX drastically lowers the vapor pressure. Paired with a precision-engineered tank geometry that keeps the fluid perfectly packed, the propellant behaves like a rock-solid column of liquid under massive G-forces. No boiling, no bubbles, no cavitation—just pure, uninterrupted high-thrust power tearing through the upper atmosphere. #Starship #SpaceX #RocketScience #RaptorEngine #AerospaceEngineering #SciTech #HowItWorks #SpaceExploration
2:46

The secret to keeping Starship from ripping itself apart at 7,000+ MPH? It’s all about the "deep freeze." When SpaceX's Raptor engines ignite, they gulp down thousands of gallons of propellant every single second. At that insane flow rate, regular fuel would actually start to boil from the drop in pressure, creating deadly vapor bubbles—a phenomenon called cavitation. Think of it like microscopic pipe bombs violently imploding inside the fuel pumps, capable of shredding metal in seconds. By super-chilling the liquid oxygen and methane into a "sub-cooled," hyper-dense state, SpaceX drastically lowers the vapor pressure. Paired with a precision-engineered tank geometry that keeps the fluid perfectly packed, the propellant behaves like a rock-solid column of liquid under massive G-forces. No boiling, no bubbles, no cavitation—just pure, uninterrupted high-thrust power tearing through the upper atmosphere. #Starship #SpaceX #RocketScience #RaptorEngine #AerospaceEngineering #SciTech #HowItWorks #SpaceExploration

Rocketry

112,361 просмотров • 4 месяцев назад

Shutdown of a Raptor vacuum engine in slow motion. The engine’s nozzle is sized for use by Starship in the Earth’s upper atmosphere and outer space, so operation at sea level and low chamber pressures results in flow separation creating visible rings in the exhaust
1:01

Shutdown of a Raptor vacuum engine in slow motion. The engine’s nozzle is sized for use by Starship in the Earth’s upper atmosphere and outer space, so operation at sea level and low chamber pressures results in flow separation creating visible rings in the exhaust

SpaceX

4,104,794 просмотров • 2 лет назад

A detailed unofficial animation of the full-flow Fuel Turbopump stack in the SpaceX #Raptor2 rocket engine that powers the Superheavy and Starship. Countdown to IFT3!
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A detailed unofficial animation of the full-flow Fuel Turbopump stack in the SpaceX #Raptor2 rocket engine that powers the Superheavy and Starship. Countdown to IFT3!

Callum

122,591 просмотров • 2 лет назад

I often wonder about how SpaceX plans to actually pull off multiple Starship flights per day. As Elon Musk has pointed out, computer simulations have steep limits you can't just simulate a vehicle traveling at 17,000 mph and experiencing 6 Gs on a screen. The answer is a massive, relentless physical testing pipeline that turns years of administrative certification into a rapid industrial manufacturing loop. To handle this cadence without bottlenecking the actual launch pads, SpaceX isolates its testing geographically: McGregor, Texas: The primary acceptance gate. Every single Raptor engine is shipped here for full-duration firings to qualify the combustion chambers and turbopumps. Massey's Outpost: Instead of risking the main orbital pads, ships and boosters go to this dedicated site for structural testing, static fires, and destructive evaluations. Before any Starship or Super Heavy booster is ever stacked for flight, it runs a strict 4-step gauntlet: → Cryo-Proofing: The vehicle’s tanks are pressurized and filled with extreme-cold liquid nitrogen or oxygen to verify the stainless-steel welds can handle thermal shock and flight-like stress. → Spin-Primes: Engine turbopumps are spun up to full operating speed with high-pressure gas—stopping just milliseconds before ignition—to test fluid dynamics without risking pad damage. → Static Fires: The vehicle is anchored down and the engines are hot-fired to test thrust vectoring, the aft dome's structural integrity, and the pad's water deluge system. → Wet Dress Rehearsal: A completely fueled, fully simulated launch countdown right down to the final seconds before ignition. Now, SpaceX is duplicating this entire operation on the East Coast. With a massive new facility at Florida's Roberts Road and dedicated on-site liquefaction plants at LC-39A, they are laying the groundwork to support up to 44 launches a year.
0:30

I often wonder about how SpaceX plans to actually pull off multiple Starship flights per day. As Elon Musk has pointed out, computer simulations have steep limits you can't just simulate a vehicle traveling at 17,000 mph and experiencing 6 Gs on a screen. The answer is a massive, relentless physical testing pipeline that turns years of administrative certification into a rapid industrial manufacturing loop. To handle this cadence without bottlenecking the actual launch pads, SpaceX isolates its testing geographically: McGregor, Texas: The primary acceptance gate. Every single Raptor engine is shipped here for full-duration firings to qualify the combustion chambers and turbopumps. Massey's Outpost: Instead of risking the main orbital pads, ships and boosters go to this dedicated site for structural testing, static fires, and destructive evaluations. Before any Starship or Super Heavy booster is ever stacked for flight, it runs a strict 4-step gauntlet: → Cryo-Proofing: The vehicle’s tanks are pressurized and filled with extreme-cold liquid nitrogen or oxygen to verify the stainless-steel welds can handle thermal shock and flight-like stress. → Spin-Primes: Engine turbopumps are spun up to full operating speed with high-pressure gas—stopping just milliseconds before ignition—to test fluid dynamics without risking pad damage. → Static Fires: The vehicle is anchored down and the engines are hot-fired to test thrust vectoring, the aft dome's structural integrity, and the pad's water deluge system. → Wet Dress Rehearsal: A completely fueled, fully simulated launch countdown right down to the final seconds before ignition. Now, SpaceX is duplicating this entire operation on the East Coast. With a massive new facility at Florida's Roberts Road and dedicated on-site liquefaction plants at LC-39A, they are laying the groundwork to support up to 44 launches a year.

Lacey

15,686 просмотров • 2 месяцев назад

Intuitive Machines flight controllers successfully fired the first liquid methane and liquid oxygen engine in space, completing the IM-1 mission engine commissioning. This engine firing included a full thrust mainstage engine burn and throttle down-profile necessary to land on the Moon. 🧵(16FEB2024 2020 CST) 1/3
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Intuitive Machines flight controllers successfully fired the first liquid methane and liquid oxygen engine in space, completing the IM-1 mission engine commissioning. This engine firing included a full thrust mainstage engine burn and throttle down-profile necessary to land on the Moon. 🧵(16FEB2024 2020 CST) 1/3

Intuitive Machines

358,738 просмотров • 2 лет назад

The most important upgrade to Starship isn't a new Raptor engine or a bigger booster. It's hidden beneath the launch pad. SpaceX is quietly changing how the world's largest rocket is fueled, and it could be the breakthrough that makes rapid reusability possible. #SpaceX #Starship #RocketScience #Cryogenics #Starbase
2:45

The most important upgrade to Starship isn't a new Raptor engine or a bigger booster. It's hidden beneath the launch pad. SpaceX is quietly changing how the world's largest rocket is fueled, and it could be the breakthrough that makes rapid reusability possible. #SpaceX #Starship #RocketScience #Cryogenics #Starbase

Rocketry

43,134 просмотров • 3 месяцев назад

🚨 BREAKING: 🇮🇳 India’s first ‘SpaceX-level’ rocket engine unveiled by Bengaluru startup Bengaluru startup Astrobase Space has unveiled EVEREST, India’s first fully integrated 80-tonne (800 kN) full-flow staged combustion engine running on liquid oxygen and methane. In this rare design, every drop of fuel and oxidiser powers the pumps before burning, delivering higher efficiency and reusability than standard engines. The complete engine, with 3D-printed core parts, was designed and manufactured entirely in India. Hot-fire tests are next as the company targets orbital flights by 2029.
0:24

🚨 BREAKING: 🇮🇳 India’s first ‘SpaceX-level’ rocket engine unveiled by Bengaluru startup Bengaluru startup Astrobase Space has unveiled EVEREST, India’s first fully integrated 80-tonne (800 kN) full-flow staged combustion engine running on liquid oxygen and methane. In this rare design, every drop of fuel and oxidiser powers the pumps before burning, delivering higher efficiency and reusability than standard engines. The complete engine, with 3D-printed core parts, was designed and manufactured entirely in India. Hot-fire tests are next as the company targets orbital flights by 2029.

Beats in Brief 🗞️

50,941 просмотров • 3 месяцев назад

Flight 12 will debut the next generation Starship and Super Heavy vehicles, with both powered by the next evolution of the Raptor engine
4:26

Flight 12 will debut the next generation Starship and Super Heavy vehicles, with both powered by the next evolution of the Raptor engine

SpaceX

367,832 просмотров • 5 месяцев назад

Ship 42 static fires complete. The Starship preparing for Flight 15 performed a full duration, six-engine static fire, and fired a single Raptor engine to simulate a deorbit burn
0:24

Ship 42 static fires complete. The Starship preparing for Flight 15 performed a full duration, six-engine static fire, and fired a single Raptor engine to simulate a deorbit burn

SpaceX

2,953,945 просмотров • 15 дней назад

When a gas chamber filled with a fuel-air mixture is ignited, the flame does not instantly appear everywhere. Instead, it starts at the ignition point and spreads outward as a moving "flame front." For combustion to happen, fuel molecules must react with oxygen molecules. When a spark or flame provides enough energy, the first few molecules ignite and release heat. This heat then warms the nearby unburned gas, causing those molecules to reach their ignition temperature as well. The process repeats rapidly, creating a chain reaction that pushes the flame through the chamber. Think of it like a row of dominoes. The spark knocks over the first domino, which triggers the next one, and so on. In a gas chamber, heat and highly reactive particles called free radicals play the role of the falling dominoes. As the flame spreads, the hot combustion gases expand dramatically. This expansion creates pressure waves that move ahead of the flame. The speed of flame propagation depends on factors such as the fuel type, the fuel-to-air ratio, temperature, pressure, and turbulence inside the chamber. Turbulence mixes the gases more effectively, allowing the flame to spread much faster. In engines, this controlled flame spread is essential because it releases energy smoothly. However, if the flame spreads too rapidly or transitions into a shock wave, it can become a detonation or explosion,producing a sudden and destructive pressure spike. In short, a flame spreads because each burning region heats and ignites the next region, creating a self-sustaining wave of combustion that moves through the fuel-air mixture.
0:21

When a gas chamber filled with a fuel-air mixture is ignited, the flame does not instantly appear everywhere. Instead, it starts at the ignition point and spreads outward as a moving "flame front." For combustion to happen, fuel molecules must react with oxygen molecules. When a spark or flame provides enough energy, the first few molecules ignite and release heat. This heat then warms the nearby unburned gas, causing those molecules to reach their ignition temperature as well. The process repeats rapidly, creating a chain reaction that pushes the flame through the chamber. Think of it like a row of dominoes. The spark knocks over the first domino, which triggers the next one, and so on. In a gas chamber, heat and highly reactive particles called free radicals play the role of the falling dominoes. As the flame spreads, the hot combustion gases expand dramatically. This expansion creates pressure waves that move ahead of the flame. The speed of flame propagation depends on factors such as the fuel type, the fuel-to-air ratio, temperature, pressure, and turbulence inside the chamber. Turbulence mixes the gases more effectively, allowing the flame to spread much faster. In engines, this controlled flame spread is essential because it releases energy smoothly. However, if the flame spreads too rapidly or transitions into a shock wave, it can become a detonation or explosion,producing a sudden and destructive pressure spike. In short, a flame spreads because each burning region heats and ignites the next region, creating a self-sustaining wave of combustion that moves through the fuel-air mixture.

Mechanical Knowledge

11,937 просмотров • 2 месяцев назад

Starship’s twelfth flight test will debut the next generation Starship and Super Heavy vehicles, powered by the next evolution of the Raptor engine and launching from a newly designed pad at Starbase. The launch is targeted as early as Tuesday, May 19 →
0:39

Starship’s twelfth flight test will debut the next generation Starship and Super Heavy vehicles, powered by the next evolution of the Raptor engine and launching from a newly designed pad at Starbase. The launch is targeted as early as Tuesday, May 19 →

SpaceX

36,007,253 просмотров • 6 месяцев назад