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Robots that actually WORK in real factories. Without endless retraining. > Just 20 minutes of data. > 99.4% success rate. > 108 motors soldered in 5+ hours straight. Sub-0.6 mm precision on messy, deformable (!) cables. This hybrid “learning-augmented” system adds neural brains + 3D safety monitoring to ordinary...

16,956 görüntüleme • 3 ay önce •via X (Twitter)

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Experiments in progress. The one on the right has been learning for ~3 hours, the one in the middle for ~1 hour, and the one on the left just started a few minutes ago. The initial motivation for making the physical Atari was just to commit ourselves to a subset of algorithms that can make progress in this setup. This commitment rules out algorithms that require billions of samples to learn (or worse, require multiple environments running in parallel). Atari games are simple enough that we should be able to show learning on them in a short amount of time with no prior knowledge. Since then, I've realized that this setup is also a good way to compare different paradigms in robotics in a principled way. These paradigms are sim2real, learning from tele-operated data, and learning directly on the robots. So far, I have observed that getting sim2real to work reliably is hard. It requires tweaks that don't scale. Policies that can play perfectly in simulation fall apart because of latencies and the messiness of the real world. These aspects could be modeled to improve the simulation, but not without sinking significant human engineering hours. I have higher hopes for learning from tele-operated data, but that requires a human to learn the task first. These experiments are on my to-do list. I have to learn to play some of the games well through the robot. I’m half-decent at playing Pong and Ms Pacman now. Learning directly on robots is looking like the most promising approach. This approach takes away pesky distribution shifts and makes it possible to have algorithms that continually improve with more data and time without any human intervention. It feels great to let experiments run overnight and wake up to find improved policies. With learning on robots, I should, in principle, be able to go on a long vacation and come back to find better policies for complex tasks beyond Atari games. Whether that is possible with current learning algorithms is a different question.

Khurram Javed

52,110 görüntüleme • 8 ay önce

JUST IN: Dyna Robotics just published one of the most important research papers in robotics this year. It could fundamentally change how robot foundation models are trained. A scaling law that transfers from human video to robot performance. Dyna-2 is out and it's 🔥 Here's what that means in plain terms. Dyna-2 was pre-trained on ONE MILLION hours of egocentric human video, 170 years of continuous human experience, cooking, folding, assembling, cleaning. And as that human data scaled, robot performance improved. Predictably. Monotonically. Across 39 tasks on two different robot embodiments the model had never seen. → 1,000 hours pre-training → 20% normalised task performance → 10,000 hours → 28% → 100,000 hours → 45% → 1,000,000 hours → 53% Human video exists at effectively unlimited scale. Every cook, every factory worker, every craftsperson wearing a camera is generating training data for future robots. But the finding that stunned even the researchers, world modeling is what makes the transfer work. A model trained to predict future video AND actions massively outperforms one trained on actions alone. Video is the new scaling axis for robotics. One more jaw-dropping data point. 13 minutes of teleoperation data was enough to fine-tune Dyna-2 to open a bottle cap using two five-fingered robot hands. The robots are coming, and they're learning from us directly :D Read more here: Congrats Jason Ma and team! ~~ ♻️ Join the weekly robotics newsletter, and never miss any news →

Lukas Ziegler

23,373 görüntüleme • 10 gün önce

A team tested Pi0, Pi0 Fast, Gr00t, and ACT on real robot arms in manufacturing tasks. (🔖 Bookmark this for later!) The task was precise: place thin rectangular frames from a messy stack into a holder. The team fine-tuned each model on 100 real trajectories and compared training time, inference speed, motion quality, and success rates. ⬇️ Here’s a breakdown of what they found Pi0 (Original) ✅ Strongest overall performance in precise pick-and-place ✅ High success rate even in edge cases ✅ Longest training time (~11 hours, ~$30 per run) ✅ Inference time of 80 ms causes short pauses between actions Despite delays, it handles complex scenarios well… solid for high-precision tasks, but slow to train. Gr00t ✅ Trains fast (~2 hours, ~$5 per run) ✅ Performs almost as well as Pi0 on large-object tasks ✅ Struggles with fine precision; random movement in some trials ✅ More training didn’t fix jitter or random offsets Best suited for tasks where exact precision isn’t critical. Not ready for manufacturing-grade accuracy without more tuning. Pi0 Fast ✅ Promised faster training, but results were underwhelming ✅ Training at 6 hours still showed low success rates ✅ Inference was slower than expected ✅ Not reliable for generalizing even slightly new tasks Currently too unstable for real-world deployment. Doesn’t live up to the “Fast” name yet. ACT (Baseline) ✅ 200MB model—lightweight, but limited ✅ Struggles with stacked objects or ambiguous scenes ✅ Success rates around 70% in best-case setups ✅ Can’t match newer models on precision or generalization Still a solid baseline, but clearly a generation behind in robustness. 🚨 Extra Notes All newer models share a common issue: •Inference takes longer than a frame (80 ms vs 33 ms), so robots “pause” between chunks. •This results in jittery movements, but not a dealbreaker unless tasks are time-sensitive. Language-conditioned tasks also fell short: after training on two labeled tasks, the model couldn’t generalize to a third unseen combination using only text prompts. ✅ The good news? These models adapt well to new robot arms with quick fine-tuning. ❌ The bad news? There’s still no plug-and-play solution for improving performance after deployment. Reinforcement learning or DAgger-style data collection during real-world operation may be the next big step, something many teams in robotics are actively working on.

Ilir Aliu

21,844 görüntüleme • 1 yıl önce

People who've never set foot in a factory will never understand... I watched this three times. For decades, robotics simulation has promised faster deployment. But factories still had to build the real cell to see if it actually worked. Which meant expensive physical prototypes, weeks or months!!! of commissioning, constant surprises between simulation and reality That “sim-to-real gap” has quietly been one of the biggest bottlenecks in manufacturing automation. And it’s exactly what is changing. Today, ABB Robotics announced a partnership with NVIDIA Robotics aimed at closing this gap through the new RobotStudio HyperReality platform: Simulation and real robot behavior can match with near-perfect accuracy. That means manufacturers can design, test, and validate entire production lines before a single robot is installed on the factory floor. The implications are massive: • up to 80% faster setup and commissioning • roughly 40% lower costs by removing physical prototypes • about 50% faster time-to-market for new production lines In other words: Factories can move from trial-and-error engineering to software-driven manufacturing design. Production lines become something you build and validate digitally first. Then deploy physically once everything already works. For an industry that still measures deployment timelines in months or years, this is a major shift. It changes how automation projects are planned, how factories are designed, and how fast manufacturing can adapt to new products. Physical AI actually becomes deployable at an industrial scale. I’ll be at GTC in San Jose next week to see and talk to manufacturers and robotics engineers. If you are into manufacturing like I am, hit me up; my DMs are open!

Ilir Aliu

68,927 görüntüleme • 5 ay önce

I don’t know if we live in a Matrix, but I know for sure that robots will spend most of their lives in simulation. Let machines train machines. I’m excited to introduce DexMimicGen, a massive-scale synthetic data generator that enables a humanoid robot to learn complex skills from only a handful of human demonstrations. Yes, as few as 5! DexMimicGen addresses the biggest pain point in robotics: where do we get data? Unlike with LLMs, where vast amounts of texts are readily available, you cannot simply download motor control signals from the internet. So researchers teleoperate the robots to collect motion data via XR headsets. They have to repeat the same skill over and over and over again, because neural nets are data hungry. This is a very slow and uncomfortable process. At NVIDIA, we believe the majority of high-quality tokens for robot foundation models will come from simulation. What DexMimicGen does is to trade GPU compute time for human time. It takes one motion trajectory from human, and multiplies into 1000s of new trajectories. A robot brain trained on this augmented dataset will generalize far better in the real world. Think of DexMimicGen as a learning signal amplifier. It maps a small dataset to a large (de facto infinite) dataset, using physics simulation in the loop. In this way, we free humans from babysitting the bots all day. The future of robot data is generative. The future of the entire robot learning pipeline will also be generative. 🧵

Jim Fan

165,246 görüntüleme • 1 yıl önce