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Task diversity is supposedly key to generalization in RL. But what does it do to continual RL, where agents face one new task distribution after another? We find that past a point, more diversity actually inhibits continual reinforcement learning 🧵

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Wilka Carvalho

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13,479 просмотров • 2 месяцев назад •via X (Twitter)

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The best way to get robust, high-quality robot performance is through reinforcement learning; but RL in either the real world or a traditional simulation has lots of limitations. Instead, Jiazhi Yang in RISE does RL in a compositional world model. Learn more ->
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vincent sunn chen

40,884 просмотров • 1 месяц назад

Today we present Morpheus, a persistent enterprise simulation platform designed to make Continual Learning a reality. Morpheus is the world’s first real world Reinforcement Learning environment. Every Reinforcement Learning environment operates in the game world. Benchmarks like Atari, OpenAI Gym, MuJoCo, and Procgen are all small, game-like worlds that reset every few minutes. But the real world never resets. A business keeps running and evolving everyday. We tested how frontier LLMs would perform in realistic and dynamic business environments 🧬on Morpheus. The main conclusion was that LLMs are not continual learners. 🧵Here’s how we did it and what we learned:
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Today we present Morpheus, a persistent enterprise simulation platform designed to make Continual Learning a reality. Morpheus is the world’s first real world Reinforcement Learning environment. Every Reinforcement Learning environment operates in the game world. Benchmarks like Atari, OpenAI Gym, MuJoCo, and Procgen are all small, game-like worlds that reset every few minutes. But the real world never resets. A business keeps running and evolving everyday. We tested how frontier LLMs would perform in realistic and dynamic business environments 🧬on Morpheus. The main conclusion was that LLMs are not continual learners. 🧵Here’s how we did it and what we learned:

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267,596 просмотров • 1 месяц назад

KL divergence is a fundamental concept used in machine learning, from optimization a neural net to RL training of LLMs. but here is what it actually means:
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KL divergence is a fundamental concept used in machine learning, from optimization a neural net to RL training of LLMs. but here is what it actually means:

ℏεsam

20,381 просмотров • 7 месяцев назад

Continual learning sometimes gets discussed as if the goal is to dissolve the context/weights distinction. Let the model just keep accumulating, fine-tuning itself on the fly. Andrej Karpathy points out, though, that this isn't how humans do it. Our working memory gets wiped regularly. What we actually have is a consolidation process (sleep) that distills stuff into the brain, in a weird and lossy way. This is very different from how people sometimes talk about continual learning. It's not obvious it's something you can get for free from doing long enough RL loops.
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Continual learning sometimes gets discussed as if the goal is to dissolve the context/weights distinction. Let the model just keep accumulating, fine-tuning itself on the fly. Andrej Karpathy points out, though, that this isn't how humans do it. Our working memory gets wiped regularly. What we actually have is a consolidation process (sleep) that distills stuff into the brain, in a weird and lossy way. This is very different from how people sometimes talk about continual learning. It's not obvious it's something you can get for free from doing long enough RL loops.

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25,253 просмотров • 4 месяцев назад

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Mechanize

40,069 просмотров • 2 месяцев назад

"One of the very confusing things about the models right now: how to reconcile the fact that they are doing so well on evals. And you look at the evals and you go, 'Those are pretty hard evals.' But the economic impact seems to be dramatically behind. There is [a possible] explanation. Back when people were doing pre-training, the question of what data to train on was answered, because that answer was everything. So you don't have to think if it's going to be this data or that data. When people do RL training, they say, 'Okay, we want to have this kind of RL training for this thing and that kind of RL training for that thing.' You say, 'Hey, I would love our model to do really well when we release it. I want the evals to look great. What would be RL training that could help on this task?' If you combine this with generalization of the models actually being inadequate, that has the potential to explain a lot of what we are seeing, this disconnect between eval performance and actual real-world performance"
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Dwarkesh Patel

502,249 просмотров • 8 месяцев назад

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Ruiyi Wang 王睿仪

52,974 просмотров • 9 месяцев назад

Today, we publicly released RoboCasa365, a large-scale simulation benchmark for training and systematically evaluating generalist robot models. Built upon our original RoboCasa framework, it offers: • 2,500 realistic kitchen environments; • 365 everyday tasks (basic skills + long-horizon mobile manipulation); • Over 3,200 objects with many articulated fixtures/appliances. All are designed for fully controlled, reproducible benchmarking of robotic policies. Progress in robotic foundation models is real. But it’s still hard to answer basic questions like: How close are we to general-purpose autonomy? What factors drive generalization? What are the model/data scaling curves like? Real-world eval is slow and noisy, and existing sims (like LIBERO, which we built 3 years ago) often lack sufficient task and scene diversity. This benchmark comes with 2,200+ hours of demonstrations and 500K+ trajectories to support studies of multi-task training, pretraining, and continual learning at scale. Check it out at
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Today, we publicly released RoboCasa365, a large-scale simulation benchmark for training and systematically evaluating generalist robot models. Built upon our original RoboCasa framework, it offers: • 2,500 realistic kitchen environments; • 365 everyday tasks (basic skills + long-horizon mobile manipulation); • Over 3,200 objects with many articulated fixtures/appliances. All are designed for fully controlled, reproducible benchmarking of robotic policies. Progress in robotic foundation models is real. But it’s still hard to answer basic questions like: How close are we to general-purpose autonomy? What factors drive generalization? What are the model/data scaling curves like? Real-world eval is slow and noisy, and existing sims (like LIBERO, which we built 3 years ago) often lack sufficient task and scene diversity. This benchmark comes with 2,200+ hours of demonstrations and 500K+ trajectories to support studies of multi-task training, pretraining, and continual learning at scale. Check it out at

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24,027 просмотров • 5 месяцев назад

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So we did a bunch of projects with real world reinforcement learning - but it was often too inefficient to be practical to train tabula rasa. This suggests we need better priors, but acquiring these from on-robot data can often be expensive as well. In our recent work, we show that despite being fundamentally inaccurate, simulation can guide provide a cheap way to guide real-world RL finetuning to be super efficient! We propose Simulation-Guided Fine-Tuning (SGFT) - a simple paradigm for sim2real finetuning that uses simulation to provide reward shaping that accelerates real world RL finetuning *beyond* just providing an initialization. TLDR: Use value functions from sim to shape rewards for real-world RL, see large sample efficiency improvements 🧵(1/6)

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13,637 просмотров • 1 год назад

RL is a powerful mechanism for training company-specific models on their unique work and data. This is what we do at Applied Compute. A key challenge is how to make RL efficient, because we need runs to be fast (delivered in days), cheap (scalable unit economics), and predictable (not just fast, but reliably fast). Here are some takeaways: • Synchronous RL is wasteful with time and compute. • Asynchronous RL is more efficient but introduces staleness, which causes learning instabilities. • Modeling and simulations can help analytically solve for what configuration leads to optimal efficiency. This allows us to rapidly prototype training configurations, without burning expensive compute cycles on trial runs. Two of our co-founders, Rhythm Garg and Linden Li, discussed some of this research at AI Engineer recently, with a focus on the following subproblem: what is the highest throughput way to do RL given a maximum staleness and compute budget?
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45,555 просмотров • 8 месяцев назад

The co-founders of Flapping Airplanes call the current RL paradigm for model training "environment slop." They explain: "The reinforcement paradigms of today are shockingly inefficient. You don't really get much generalization across tasks, you teach a model through one kind of learning and then you teach it the next one. It's kind of like whack-a-mole. We look at this and think it's kind of crazy. The next paradigm of AI will not be environment slop." "Human level intelligence is not the ceiling, it is merely the floor on what is possible. If you can train models with vastly less data and possibly more compute in very different ways, what is going to happen? We actually don't know. But I do think they'll be different and weird and they'll have interesting capabilities that we'll find really valuable ways to use."
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The co-founders of Flapping Airplanes call the current RL paradigm for model training "environment slop." They explain: "The reinforcement paradigms of today are shockingly inefficient. You don't really get much generalization across tasks, you teach a model through one kind of learning and then you teach it the next one. It's kind of like whack-a-mole. We look at this and think it's kind of crazy. The next paradigm of AI will not be environment slop." "Human level intelligence is not the ceiling, it is merely the floor on what is possible. If you can train models with vastly less data and possibly more compute in very different ways, what is going to happen? We actually don't know. But I do think they'll be different and weird and they'll have interesting capabilities that we'll find really valuable ways to use."

TBPN

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The network for machine intelligence Two years ago, we laid out our vision for a machine learning compute protocol. One that connects every device in the world into an open network for machine intelligence, with no gatekeepers or artificial boundaries. This week, we’ll be sharing some of our early progress, beginning with RL Swarm, a peer-to-peer system for collaborative reinforcement learning over the internet. Next month, we’ll open our Testnet, allowing anyone to contribute to the frontier of open machine intelligence. Introducing RL Swarm RL Swarm is a fully open source system for collaborative reinforcement learning over the internet. It is a live demo of our research findings, which show that models training with RL learn faster when they train as a collective swarm than they do on their own. Join our swarm now to see this in practice. You can participate with consumer hardware at home or a powerful GPU in the cloud. You can follow along with the swarm’s progress by following the links below.

gensyn

228,906 просмотров • 1 год назад

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Introducing Reinforcement-Learned Teachers (RLTs): Transforming how we teach LLMs to reason with reinforcement learning (RL). Blog: Paper: Traditional RL focuses on “learning to solve” challenging problems with expensive LLMs and constitutes a key step in making student AI systems ultimately acquire reasoning capabilities via distillation and cold-starting. Enter our RLTs—a new class of models prompted with not only a problem’s question but also its solution, and directly trained to generate clear, step-by-step “explanations” to teach their students. Remarkably, an RLT with only 7B parameters produces superior results when distilling and cold-starting students in competitive and graduate-level reasoning tasks than orders-of-magnitude larger LLMs. RLTs are as effective even when distilling 32B students, much larger than the teacher itself—unlocking a new standard for efficiency in developing reasoning language models with RL. Code:
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Introducing Reinforcement-Learned Teachers (RLTs): Transforming how we teach LLMs to reason with reinforcement learning (RL). Blog: Paper: Traditional RL focuses on “learning to solve” challenging problems with expensive LLMs and constitutes a key step in making student AI systems ultimately acquire reasoning capabilities via distillation and cold-starting. Enter our RLTs—a new class of models prompted with not only a problem’s question but also its solution, and directly trained to generate clear, step-by-step “explanations” to teach their students. Remarkably, an RLT with only 7B parameters produces superior results when distilling and cold-starting students in competitive and graduate-level reasoning tasks than orders-of-magnitude larger LLMs. RLTs are as effective even when distilling 32B students, much larger than the teacher itself—unlocking a new standard for efficiency in developing reasoning language models with RL. Code:

Sakana AI

179,362 просмотров • 1 год назад

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1:07:08

.Richard Sutton, father of reinforcement learning, doesn’t think LLMs are bitter-lesson-pilled. My steel man of Richard’s position: we need some new architecture to enable continual (on-the-job) learning. And if we have continual learning, we don't need a special training phase - the agent just learns on-the-fly - like all humans, and indeed, like all animals. This new paradigm will render our current approach with LLMs obsolete. I did my best to represent the view that LLMs will function as the foundation on which this experiential learning can happen. Some sparks flew. 0:00:00 – Are LLMs a dead-end? 0:13:51 – Do humans do imitation learning? 0:23:57 – The Era of Experience 0:34:25 – Current architectures generalize poorly out of distribution 0:42:17 – Surprises in the AI field 0:47:28 – Will The Bitter Lesson still apply after AGI? 0:54:35 – Succession to AI

Dwarkesh Patel

3,085,311 просмотров • 10 месяцев назад

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Check out our latest work, "Actor-Critic Model Predictive Control: Differentiable Optimization meets Reinforcement Learning for Agile Flight," published in the IEEE Transactions on Robotics, where we reconcile #OptimalControl and #ReinforcementLearning, achieving the same super-human performance, but with superior generalizability, as our previous model-free deep RL! Code released! PDF: Code: Full Video: Model-free #ReinforcementLearning (RL) is known for its strong task performance and flexibility in optimizing general reward formulations. On the other hand, #ModelPredictiveControl (MPC) provides robustness, constraint handling, and powerful online replanning capabilities. In this work, we extend our previous AC-MPC paper (Romero, ICRA'24) by taking a deeper look at how both approaches can be unified. We introduce and extend Actor-Critic Model Predictive Control (AC-MPC), a framework that embeds a differentiable MPC inside an Actor-Critic RL architecture. This integration allows the MPC-based actor to perform short-term predictive optimization, while the critic facilitates long-horizon learning and exploration. We conduct a comprehensive study that highlights AC-MPC’s key advantages: - Better out-of-distribution generalization, both against unknown disturbances and changes in the quadrotor dynamics - Improved sample efficiency - A novel empirical analysis uncovering a relationship between the critic’s value function and the MPC cost function, providing deeper insight into their interplay. We validate our method in simulation and the real world on a quadcopter flying at superhuman speeds of up to 21 m/s, matching state-of-the-art model-free RL performance, and retaining the predictive structure of MPC for more reliable out-of-distribution behavior. Reference: Actor-Critic Model Predictive Control: Differentiable Optimization meets Reinforcement Learning for Agile Flight IEEE Transactions on Robotics (T-RO), 2025 PDF: Full Video: Code: Kudos to Ángel Romero, Elie Aljalbout, Yunlong Song! University of Zurich UZH Science UZH Space Hub AUTOASSESS European Research Council (ERC) UZHai

Davide Scaramuzza

27,090 просмотров • 7 месяцев назад