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The Apollo Guidance Computer used hand-woven core rope memory, physically hardwiring software into wires and magnetic cores. With just about 72 KB of permanent memory, it helped guide Apollo missions to the Moon.

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How programs for the Apollo guidance computer were woven into memory

How programs for the Apollo guidance computer were woven into memory

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It was 1965 this is how permanent computer programming worked on the computers that got humanity—to the moon. These unsung hero programmers of Apollo—literally weaved us to the moon—through magnetic core memory—one weave at a time. The memory still works today. Astonishing.

It was 1965 this is how permanent computer programming worked on the computers that got humanity—to the moon. These unsung hero programmers of Apollo—literally weaved us to the moon—through magnetic core memory—one weave at a time. The memory still works today. Astonishing.

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Ever wonder what 'RAM' looked like in the early days? This piece of magnetic core memory from a Soviet mainframe stores just 4,096 bits. Back then, it could cost as much as $1 per bit and was manually woven by hand! It is the cousin of the tech that powered the Apollo Moon landings. Because it’s made of iron toroids, it’s naturally resistant to cosmic radiation and won't lose data if the power cuts out. Before the era of radiation-hardened silicon, space travel relied on "weaving." It’s essentially "software" that was hand-woven into hardware.

Ever wonder what 'RAM' looked like in the early days? This piece of magnetic core memory from a Soviet mainframe stores just 4,096 bits. Back then, it could cost as much as $1 per bit and was manually woven by hand! It is the cousin of the tech that powered the Apollo Moon landings. Because it’s made of iron toroids, it’s naturally resistant to cosmic radiation and won't lose data if the power cuts out. Before the era of radiation-hardened silicon, space travel relied on "weaving." It’s essentially "software" that was hand-woven into hardware.

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105,799 views • 5 months ago

Before we had silicon chips, we had needle and thread. In the 1960s, NASA didn’t ‘upload’ code; they sewed it. To get Apollo 11 to the moon, skilled weavers (often called ‘Little Old Ladies’) literally hand-stitched software into physical objects.

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To remember something you have to interact with it. The best way? Physically interact with it. Memory and motor systems collaborate to stamp information into your brain. Dr Alan Castel of UCLA, memory & aging expert. On the Huberman Lab podcast out now.

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Apollo 17 LM Rendezvous HD 16mm footage of the Apollo 17 Lunar Module ascent stage as it rises from the Moon to rendezvous and dock with the Command Module in Lunar orbit. For the full video, see comments Upscaled, Interpolated and music by Mike Constantine Original Footage Source: Apollo Flight Journal

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28,443 views • 4 months ago

Go baby, GO!!!! 🚀 I am speechless. This lifetime core memory is still forming, but I have so much emotion: As GenX, I grew up with documentaries and movies about moon missions. And now I am here and got to see a NASA rocket launch astronauts to the moon. Proud American here.

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About 12 seconds into this video, something unusual happens. The Earth begins to rise. Never seen by humans before, the rise of the Earth over the limb of the Moon occurred about 55.5 years ago and surprised and amazed the crew of Apollo 8. The crew immediately scrambled to take still images of the stunning vista caused by Apollo 8's orbit around the Moon. The featured video is a modern reconstruction of the event as it would have looked were it recorded with a modern movie camera. The colorful orb of our Earth stood out as a familiar icon rising above a distant and unfamiliar moonscape, the whole scene the conceptual reverse of a more familiar moonrise as seen from Earth. To many, the scene also spoke about the unity of humanity: that big blue marble -- that's us -- we all live there. The two-minute video is not time-lapse -- this is the real speed of the Earth rising through the windows of Apollo 8. Seven months and three missions later, Apollo 11 astronauts would not only circle Earth's moon, but land on it. Lead Animator: Ernie Wright; (USRA); Music: C Major Prelude by Johann Sebastian Bach

About 12 seconds into this video, something unusual happens. The Earth begins to rise. Never seen by humans before, the rise of the Earth over the limb of the Moon occurred about 55.5 years ago and surprised and amazed the crew of Apollo 8. The crew immediately scrambled to take still images of the stunning vista caused by Apollo 8's orbit around the Moon. The featured video is a modern reconstruction of the event as it would have looked were it recorded with a modern movie camera. The colorful orb of our Earth stood out as a familiar icon rising above a distant and unfamiliar moonscape, the whole scene the conceptual reverse of a more familiar moonrise as seen from Earth. To many, the scene also spoke about the unity of humanity: that big blue marble -- that's us -- we all live there. The two-minute video is not time-lapse -- this is the real speed of the Earth rising through the windows of Apollo 8. Seven months and three missions later, Apollo 11 astronauts would not only circle Earth's moon, but land on it. Lead Animator: Ernie Wright; (USRA); Music: C Major Prelude by Johann Sebastian Bach

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347,979 views • 2 years ago

NASA Drops Bombshell, Finally Admits 'We Didn't Go To the Moon' NASA just dropped the mother of all bombshells, and the mainstream media quickly covered it up. They've finally admitted it: we never went to the Moon. The Apollo landings? Total Hollywood production.

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SCIENTISTS TURN LIGHT INTO A MEMORY SYSTEM Scientists built a tiny photonic chip and sent identical photons through it, expecting messy quantum behavior. Instead, the light started acting like a memory system, forming patterns that match a classic AI model used for associative memory. In simple terms, the interference between photons did the math needed to store and recall patterns. No brain, no computer, just light physics doing the computing. Source: NewsForce

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29,578 views • 5 months ago

Gemini 1.5 Pro can analyze, classify and summarize huge quantities of information – including documents with thousands of pages. 📄 When given a 402-page transcript from Apollo 11’s mission to the moon, it was able to reason about conversations and events it finds. ↓

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Pope Paul VI's message to Apollo 11 upon landing on the Moon: "Honor, greetings and blessings to you, conquerors of the Moon, pale lamp of our nights and our dreams! Bring to it, with your living presence, the voice of the Spirit, a hymn to God, our Creator and our Father."

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When humanity stepped beyond Earth on July 20, 1969, a Hasselblad camera became part of that defining moment. Engineered to endure the harsh conditions of space, the Hasselblad Data Camera documented the Apollo missions with uncompromising precision, capturing the first moments of human presence on the Moon. While the cameras themselves remained on the lunar surface, the images they created returned to Earth—becoming an enduring part of human history and collective memory. 🌕 #Hasselblad #HasselbladDataCamera #Apollo11 #SpaceExploration #MoonLanding #NASA #HistoryInTheMaking #HumanAchievement #AviationAndSpace #FilmPhotography

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🚨NASA crashed a spacecraft into the moon and it rang like a bell for an hour. On November 20, 1969, Apollo 12 deliberately crashed its lunar module into the moon's surface and seismometers recorded vibrations lasting almost an hour. When they repeated the experiment with Apollo 13's rocket stage, it rang for nearly four hours. NASA geophysicist Gordon MacDonald published a paper stating the data suggested "the Moon is more like a hollow than a homogeneous sphere." The moon is tidally locked, has only 60 percent of Earth's density, and no model fully explains how it got here.

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39,766 views • 4 months ago

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Pope Paul VI's message to Apollo 11 upon landing on the Moon on July 20th 1969: "Honor, greetings and blessings to you, conquerors of the Moon, pale lamp of our nights and our dreams! Bring to it, with your living presence, the voice of the Spirit, a hymn to God, our Creator and our Father."

Pope Paul VI's message to Apollo 11 upon landing on the Moon on July 20th 1969: "Honor, greetings and blessings to you, conquerors of the Moon, pale lamp of our nights and our dreams! Bring to it, with your living presence, the voice of the Spirit, a hymn to God, our Creator and our Father."

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83,531 views • 4 months ago

$During the Apollo era, just 39% of Americans said the U.S. should do everything possible to be the first to land on the moon. Today, 69% of Americans say landing astronauts on the Moon again is important. We’re partnering with American industry to meet the mandate and accomplish more with a fraction of the federal budget - while inspiring the next generation of scientists, engineers, and explorers.$

During the Apollo era, just 39% of Americans said the U.S. should do everything possible to be the first to land on the moon. Today, 69% of Americans say landing astronauts on the Moon again is important. We’re partnering with American industry to meet the mandate and accomplish more with a fraction of the federal budget - while inspiring the next generation of scientists, engineers, and explorers.

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70,962 views • 1 month ago