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The Apollo Guidance Computer used hand-woven core rope memory, physically hardwiring software into wires and magnetic cores. With just about 72 KB of permanent memory, it helped guide Apollo missions to the Moon.

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How programs for the Apollo guidance computer were woven into memory

How programs for the Apollo guidance computer were woven into memory

Fermat's Library

108,031 görüntüleme • 3 yıl önce

It was 1965 this is how permanent computer programming worked on the computers that got humanity—to the moon. These unsung hero programmers of Apollo—literally weaved us to the moon—through magnetic core memory—one weave at a time. The memory still works today. Astonishing.

It was 1965 this is how permanent computer programming worked on the computers that got humanity—to the moon. These unsung hero programmers of Apollo—literally weaved us to the moon—through magnetic core memory—one weave at a time. The memory still works today. Astonishing.

Brian Roemmele

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Ever wonder what 'RAM' looked like in the early days? This piece of magnetic core memory from a Soviet mainframe stores just 4,096 bits. Back then, it could cost as much as $1 per bit and was manually woven by hand! It is the cousin of the tech that powered the Apollo Moon landings. Because it’s made of iron toroids, it’s naturally resistant to cosmic radiation and won't lose data if the power cuts out. Before the era of radiation-hardened silicon, space travel relied on "weaving." It’s essentially "software" that was hand-woven into hardware.

Ever wonder what 'RAM' looked like in the early days? This piece of magnetic core memory from a Soviet mainframe stores just 4,096 bits. Back then, it could cost as much as $1 per bit and was manually woven by hand! It is the cousin of the tech that powered the Apollo Moon landings. Because it’s made of iron toroids, it’s naturally resistant to cosmic radiation and won't lose data if the power cuts out. Before the era of radiation-hardened silicon, space travel relied on "weaving." It’s essentially "software" that was hand-woven into hardware.

Cosmos Archive

105,799 görüntüleme • 5 ay önce

Sharing this video from July since I forgot to post it on X at the time ☺️ On July 16, 1969, Apollo 11 launched to the Moon, guided by a computer with less memory than your smartwatch! 🚀 Check out my replica Apollo 11 flight manual and find out why so many people say I look like Margaret Hamilton, the legendary NASA coder who helped make history.

Sharing this video from July since I forgot to post it on X at the time ☺️ On July 16, 1969, Apollo 11 launched to the Moon, guided by a computer with less memory than your smartwatch! 🚀 Check out my replica Apollo 11 flight manual and find out why so many people say I look like Margaret Hamilton, the legendary NASA coder who helped make history.

Silicon Siren

16,139 görüntüleme • 6 ay önce

Before we had silicon chips, we had needle and thread. In the 1960s, NASA didn’t ‘upload’ code; they sewed it. To get Apollo 11 to the moon, skilled weavers (often called ‘Little Old Ladies’) literally hand-stitched software into physical objects.

Before we had silicon chips, we had needle and thread. In the 1960s, NASA didn’t ‘upload’ code; they sewed it. To get Apollo 11 to the moon, skilled weavers (often called ‘Little Old Ladies’) literally hand-stitched software into physical objects.

Massimo

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Apollo 17 LM Rendezvous HD 16mm footage of the Apollo 17 Lunar Module ascent stage as it rises from the Moon to rendezvous and dock with the Command Module in Lunar orbit. For the full video, see comments Upscaled, Interpolated and music by Mike Constantine Original Footage Source: Apollo Flight Journal

Apollo 17 LM Rendezvous HD 16mm footage of the Apollo 17 Lunar Module ascent stage as it rises from the Moon to rendezvous and dock with the Command Module in Lunar orbit. For the full video, see comments Upscaled, Interpolated and music by Mike Constantine Original Footage Source: Apollo Flight Journal

Mike Constantine

28,443 görüntüleme • 3 ay önce

Go baby, GO!!!! 🚀 I am speechless. This lifetime core memory is still forming, but I have so much emotion: As GenX, I grew up with documentaries and movies about moon missions. And now I am here and got to see a NASA rocket launch astronauts to the moon. Proud American here.

Go baby, GO!!!! 🚀 I am speechless. This lifetime core memory is still forming, but I have so much emotion: As GenX, I grew up with documentaries and movies about moon missions. And now I am here and got to see a NASA rocket launch astronauts to the moon. Proud American here.

DJ

20,329 görüntüleme • 3 ay önce

About 12 seconds into this video, something unusual happens. The Earth begins to rise. Never seen by humans before, the rise of the Earth over the limb of the Moon occurred about 55.5 years ago and surprised and amazed the crew of Apollo 8. The crew immediately scrambled to take still images of the stunning vista caused by Apollo 8's orbit around the Moon. The featured video is a modern reconstruction of the event as it would have looked were it recorded with a modern movie camera. The colorful orb of our Earth stood out as a familiar icon rising above a distant and unfamiliar moonscape, the whole scene the conceptual reverse of a more familiar moonrise as seen from Earth. To many, the scene also spoke about the unity of humanity: that big blue marble -- that's us -- we all live there. The two-minute video is not time-lapse -- this is the real speed of the Earth rising through the windows of Apollo 8. Seven months and three missions later, Apollo 11 astronauts would not only circle Earth's moon, but land on it. Lead Animator: Ernie Wright; (USRA); Music: C Major Prelude by Johann Sebastian Bach

About 12 seconds into this video, something unusual happens. The Earth begins to rise. Never seen by humans before, the rise of the Earth over the limb of the Moon occurred about 55.5 years ago and surprised and amazed the crew of Apollo 8. The crew immediately scrambled to take still images of the stunning vista caused by Apollo 8's orbit around the Moon. The featured video is a modern reconstruction of the event as it would have looked were it recorded with a modern movie camera. The colorful orb of our Earth stood out as a familiar icon rising above a distant and unfamiliar moonscape, the whole scene the conceptual reverse of a more familiar moonrise as seen from Earth. To many, the scene also spoke about the unity of humanity: that big blue marble -- that's us -- we all live there. The two-minute video is not time-lapse -- this is the real speed of the Earth rising through the windows of Apollo 8. Seven months and three missions later, Apollo 11 astronauts would not only circle Earth's moon, but land on it. Lead Animator: Ernie Wright; (USRA); Music: C Major Prelude by Johann Sebastian Bach

NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day

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NASA Drops Bombshell, Finally Admits 'We Didn't Go To the Moon' NASA just dropped the mother of all bombshells, and the mainstream media quickly covered it up. They've finally admitted it: we never went to the Moon. The Apollo landings? Total Hollywood production.

NASA Drops Bombshell, Finally Admits 'We Didn't Go To the Moon' NASA just dropped the mother of all bombshells, and the mainstream media quickly covered it up. They've finally admitted it: we never went to the Moon. The Apollo landings? Total Hollywood production.

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SCIENTISTS TURN LIGHT INTO A MEMORY SYSTEM Scientists built a tiny photonic chip and sent identical photons through it, expecting messy quantum behavior. Instead, the light started acting like a memory system, forming patterns that match a classic AI model used for associative memory. In simple terms, the interference between photons did the math needed to store and recall patterns. No brain, no computer, just light physics doing the computing. Source: NewsForce

SCIENTISTS TURN LIGHT INTO A MEMORY SYSTEM Scientists built a tiny photonic chip and sent identical photons through it, expecting messy quantum behavior. Instead, the light started acting like a memory system, forming patterns that match a classic AI model used for associative memory. In simple terms, the interference between photons did the math needed to store and recall patterns. No brain, no computer, just light physics doing the computing. Source: NewsForce

NewsForce

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Gemini 1.5 Pro can analyze, classify and summarize huge quantities of information – including documents with thousands of pages. 📄 When given a 402-page transcript from Apollo 11’s mission to the moon, it was able to reason about conversations and events it finds. ↓

Gemini 1.5 Pro can analyze, classify and summarize huge quantities of information – including documents with thousands of pages. 📄 When given a 402-page transcript from Apollo 11’s mission to the moon, it was able to reason about conversations and events it finds. ↓

Google DeepMind

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The Artemis II crew has proposed to name two new moon craters - one in honour of their spacecraft 'Integrity' and the other in memory of Reid Wiseman's late wife, Carroll, who died of cancer in 2020. The name proposals came after the crew travelled the farthest distance from Earth, breaking the record set by Apollo 13. 🔗

The Artemis II crew has proposed to name two new moon craters - one in honour of their spacecraft 'Integrity' and the other in memory of Reid Wiseman's late wife, Carroll, who died of cancer in 2020. The name proposals came after the crew travelled the farthest distance from Earth, breaking the record set by Apollo 13. 🔗

Sky News

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When humanity stepped beyond Earth on July 20, 1969, a Hasselblad camera became part of that defining moment. Engineered to endure the harsh conditions of space, the Hasselblad Data Camera documented the Apollo missions with uncompromising precision, capturing the first moments of human presence on the Moon. While the cameras themselves remained on the lunar surface, the images they created returned to Earth—becoming an enduring part of human history and collective memory. 🌕 #Hasselblad #HasselbladDataCamera #Apollo11 #SpaceExploration #MoonLanding #NASA #HistoryInTheMaking #HumanAchievement #AviationAndSpace #FilmPhotography

When humanity stepped beyond Earth on July 20, 1969, a Hasselblad camera became part of that defining moment. Engineered to endure the harsh conditions of space, the Hasselblad Data Camera documented the Apollo missions with uncompromising precision, capturing the first moments of human presence on the Moon. While the cameras themselves remained on the lunar surface, the images they created returned to Earth—becoming an enduring part of human history and collective memory. 🌕 #Hasselblad #HasselbladDataCamera #Apollo11 #SpaceExploration #MoonLanding #NASA #HistoryInTheMaking #HumanAchievement #AviationAndSpace #FilmPhotography

Hasselblad

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Pope Paul VI's message to Apollo 11 upon landing on the Moon: "Honor, greetings and blessings to you, conquerors of the Moon, pale lamp of our nights and our dreams! Bring to it, with your living presence, the voice of the Spirit, a hymn to God, our Creator and our Father."

Pope Paul VI's message to Apollo 11 upon landing on the Moon: "Honor, greetings and blessings to you, conquerors of the Moon, pale lamp of our nights and our dreams! Bring to it, with your living presence, the voice of the Spirit, a hymn to God, our Creator and our Father."

Catholic Arena

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🚨NASA crashed a spacecraft into the moon and it rang like a bell for an hour. On November 20, 1969, Apollo 12 deliberately crashed its lunar module into the moon's surface and seismometers recorded vibrations lasting almost an hour. When they repeated the experiment with Apollo 13's rocket stage, it rang for nearly four hours. NASA geophysicist Gordon MacDonald published a paper stating the data suggested "the Moon is more like a hollow than a homogeneous sphere." The moon is tidally locked, has only 60 percent of Earth's density, and no model fully explains how it got here.

🚨NASA crashed a spacecraft into the moon and it rang like a bell for an hour. On November 20, 1969, Apollo 12 deliberately crashed its lunar module into the moon's surface and seismometers recorded vibrations lasting almost an hour. When they repeated the experiment with Apollo 13's rocket stage, it rang for nearly four hours. NASA geophysicist Gordon MacDonald published a paper stating the data suggested "the Moon is more like a hollow than a homogeneous sphere." The moon is tidally locked, has only 60 percent of Earth's density, and no model fully explains how it got here.

American Alchemy

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ELON: STARSHIP CAN GO WAY BEYOND WHAT WAS DONE WITH THE APOLLO PROGRAM “Starship is gigantic compared to anything that's ever been done before. This is not like a tiny little thing lands on the moon. This is a giant-ass spaceship that lands on the moon. It's capable of putting 100 tons of payload on the moon, so a lot. We can go way beyond what was done with the Apollo program, where they just had a small lander, and they were on the surface of the moon for some number of hours, and then they got back in and took off. The Apollo program was not capable of building a moon base. But the Starship system is capable of building a moon base. It's designed to be capable of building a city on the moon or Mars. That's what the system is designed to be able to do.” Full Send Podcast, August 5, 2022

ELON: STARSHIP CAN GO WAY BEYOND WHAT WAS DONE WITH THE APOLLO PROGRAM “Starship is gigantic compared to anything that's ever been done before. This is not like a tiny little thing lands on the moon. This is a giant-ass spaceship that lands on the moon. It's capable of putting 100 tons of payload on the moon, so a lot. We can go way beyond what was done with the Apollo program, where they just had a small lander, and they were on the surface of the moon for some number of hours, and then they got back in and took off. The Apollo program was not capable of building a moon base. But the Starship system is capable of building a moon base. It's designed to be capable of building a city on the moon or Mars. That's what the system is designed to be able to do.” Full Send Podcast, August 5, 2022

Mario Nawfal

193,614 görüntüleme • 1 yıl önce

Pope Paul VI's message to Apollo 11 upon landing on the Moon on July 20th 1969: "Honor, greetings and blessings to you, conquerors of the Moon, pale lamp of our nights and our dreams! Bring to it, with your living presence, the voice of the Spirit, a hymn to God, our Creator and our Father."

Pope Paul VI's message to Apollo 11 upon landing on the Moon on July 20th 1969: "Honor, greetings and blessings to you, conquerors of the Moon, pale lamp of our nights and our dreams! Bring to it, with your living presence, the voice of the Spirit, a hymn to God, our Creator and our Father."

Catholic Arena

19,380 görüntüleme • 10 gün önce

🚨 BREAKING: In a massive announcement, Trump NASA chief Jared Isaacman just laid out plans to build a PERMANENT US base on the Moon America is surging in the space race! “We will invest approximately $20 billion over the next seven years, and build it through dozens of missions working together with commercial and international partners." The phases are 1. Rovers, instruments, tech payloads 2. Semi-habitable infrastructure for astronaut operations 3. PERMANENT human presence on the Moon "Just as there was Mercury and Gemini before Apollo, there will be an evolutionary path to building humanity's first permanent surface outpost beyond Earth." Well done, NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman! This is what we voted for! 🇺🇸

🚨 BREAKING: In a massive announcement, Trump NASA chief Jared Isaacman just laid out plans to build a PERMANENT US base on the Moon America is surging in the space race! “We will invest approximately $20 billion over the next seven years, and build it through dozens of missions working together with commercial and international partners." The phases are 1. Rovers, instruments, tech payloads 2. Semi-habitable infrastructure for astronaut operations 3. PERMANENT human presence on the Moon "Just as there was Mercury and Gemini before Apollo, there will be an evolutionary path to building humanity's first permanent surface outpost beyond Earth." Well done, NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman! This is what we voted for! 🇺🇸

Eric Daugherty

83,482 görüntüleme • 4 ay önce

$During the Apollo era, just 39% of Americans said the U.S. should do everything possible to be the first to land on the moon. Today, 69% of Americans say landing astronauts on the Moon again is important. We’re partnering with American industry to meet the mandate and accomplish more with a fraction of the federal budget - while inspiring the next generation of scientists, engineers, and explorers.$

During the Apollo era, just 39% of Americans said the U.S. should do everything possible to be the first to land on the moon. Today, 69% of Americans say landing astronauts on the Moon again is important. We’re partnering with American industry to meet the mandate and accomplish more with a fraction of the federal budget - while inspiring the next generation of scientists, engineers, and explorers.

NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman

70,876 görüntüleme • 29 gün önce