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The Inference Engineering Masterclass: 10x faster models, quantization, speculative decoding, Rubin, & self-optimizing AI Baseten Philip Kiely and ali explain what actually happens after a model is trained, why turning weights into a fast and reliable product creates an entirely new optimization problem, how quantization errors can cancel out...

137,910 görüntüleme • 3 gün önce •via X (Twitter)

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Interview with Nebius Co-Founder Roman Chernin Please like & share this video so that all $NBIS investors on X will see it! :) If you prefer watching on YouTube: Timestamps: 00:00 - Why AI Infrastructure Is So Hard to Understand 00:24 - Market Fragmentation and What Actually Differentiates Providers 01:30 - Consolidation, Segmentation, and the Future AI Cloud Landscape 02:56 - What Analysts and VCs Still Get Wrong About AI Infrastructure 05:34 - Nebius Cloud: Product Readiness and Customer Proof Points 07:42 - Why Inference Workloads Are Exploding 09:11 - Training vs. Inference: How AI Models Actually Reach Production 10:10 - Why Inference Market Share May Concentrate Around a Few Winners 12:36 - Customer Use Cases: Coding, Enterprise AI, and Real-World Adoption 14:01 - Why Integrated Training and Inference Matter Strategically 16:01 - Building Scalable AI Infrastructure With High Utilization 18:24 - Token Factory: Inference as a Managed Service 20:24 - Revolut Case Study: AI-Driven Product Enhancements 22:56 - Token Factory Performance Optimization and Competitive Advantage 25:07 - Scale, Capacity, and Efficiency as Growth Drivers 28:36 - Why Inference Capacity Could Become the Next Major Bottleneck 30:10 - How Nebius Benchmarks Performance Across Providers 33:14 - The Future Size and Shape of the Inference Market 36:38 - Value-Based Pricing: Moving Beyond Cost per GPU Hour 40:55 - How Nebius Wins Deals: Quality, Performance, and Customer Experience 44:53 - Autonomous AI Platforms and the Rise of Agent-Based Models 47:28 - Tavily, Agentic Applications, and the Next Layer of the AI Stack 50:45 - Strategic Trade-Offs: Scaling, Product Roadmap, and Customer Relevance 55:40 - Final Thoughts: Adapting to the Next Shift in AI Workloads Nebius Roman Chernin

Daniel Koss

203,706 görüntüleme • 3 ay önce

Tokenization -- turning text into a sequence of integers -- is a key part of generative AI, and most API providers charge per million tokens. How does tokenization work? Learn the details of tokenization and RAG optimization in Retrieval Optimization: From Tokenization to Vector Quantization, created in collaboration with Qdrant and taught by its Developer Relations Lead, Kacper Łukawski. This course focuses on Retrieval augmented generation (RAG), which has two steps: First, a retriever finds relevant information; then, the generator uses what’s retrieved as context to produce a response. You’ll learn to optimize the first step (the retriever) by understanding how tokenization works and how it impacts the relevance of your search. In addition, you will also learn to measure and improve retrieval quality, speed, and memory. In detail, you’ll: - Learn about the internal workings of the embedding models and how your text turns into vectors. - Understand how several tokenizers, such as Byte-Pair Encoding, WordPiece, Unigram, and SentencePiece work. - Explore common challenges with tokenizers, such as unknown tokens, domain-specific identifiers, and numerical values, that can negatively affect your vector search. - Understand how to measure the quality of your search across relevance, ranking, and score-related metrics. - Understand how the main parameters in "HNSW", a graph-based algorithm, affect the relevance and speed of vector search, and how to tune its parameters. - Experiment with the three major quantization methods – product, scalar, and binary – and learn how they impact memory requirements, search quality, and speed. By the end of this course, you’ll have a solid understanding of how tokenization functions and how to optimize vector search in your RAG systems. Please sign up here!

Andrew Ng

146,313 görüntüleme • 1 yıl önce

70,000 Phones, One AI Agent — The World's Largest Edge AI Fleet Runs on Hermes We turned 70,000 phones into a shared AI compute network. Any device owner contributes idle compute. Any developer taps distributed inference at a fraction of cloud cost. Not a concept. Not a whitepaper. 70K devices online today. The problem: orchestrating a shared network of heterogeneous edge devices — different chipsets, different memory, different thermal profiles, different owners — is a coordination nightmare no human team can handle manually. So we gave the network a brain: Nous Research Hermes Agent. Hermes connects to 16 MCP servers and runs 24/7: 🔬 Research Loop — Tracks every breakthrough in on-device inference: quantization (GPTQ/AWQ/GGUF), speculative decoding on mobile SoCs, federated learning protocols. Auto-imports papers into NotebookLM. 36 research topics, zero manual curation. 🌐 Network Intelligence — Monitors device availability, compute capacity, and workload distribution across the shared fleet. Surfaces bottlenecks before they cascade. 🧬 Tech Tree Optimizer — Maps the full optimization frontier: from KV-cache compression to on-device LoRA to peer-to-peer model sharding. Hermes autonomously identifies which research paths unlock the most network-wide throughput gains. The result: a self-improving shared compute network. Research compounds daily. The fleet gets smarter without human intervention. Cloud AI scales with money. We scale with people. #HermesHackathon Teknium 🪽 Delphi Digital Tommy

Oyster Republic 🦪📲🦞👓

20,721 görüntüleme • 4 ay önce

Micron is going to $4,000 and once you understand what inference actually is, the number stops sounding crazy (Save this). Dylan Patel just said that by 2030, OpenAI and Anthropic alone will need over 100 gigawatts of compute combined and by 2040, we may not even be measuring AI infrastructure in gigawatts anymore. We may be talking about terawatts. Every single one of those gigawatts needs memory to function. Without it, the compute is worthless. Most people heard that and thought about Nvidia but they should be thinking about Micron. Every AI model generating a response has two phases. The first is prefill, processing your prompt which is compute-heavy and the second is decode generating each word one token at a time and that phase is almost entirely memory-bound, not compute-bound. During decode, the GPU's processing units sit idle more than 95% of the time, waiting for data to arrive from memory. Google confirmed it in a research paper that decode-phase bottlenecks are dominated by memory bandwidth and capacity not raw compute. The GPU is not the bottleneck but the memory feeding the GPU is. This matters because inference is now where all the money lives. Training a model happens once, Inference happens billions of times a day every ChatGPT response, every Claude output, every agentic workflow running in the background and every one of those token streams is a billing event tied directly to memory performance. Adding more GPUs does not fix this because GPUs are already underutilized in inference because they are sitting idle waiting on memory. Adding more memory bandwidth and capacity is what directly reduces token cost, reduces latency, and allows the same cluster to serve dramatically more users simultaneously. Longer context windows compound the problem further, a model running a 1 million token context window requires dramatically more memory per session than a 10,000 token window, and every new model generation pushes context longer. The market treats memory as a downstream beneficiary of Nvidia orders. The correct framework is the opposite, Micron is the upstream constraint on how much value every Nvidia GPU can actually generate at inference scale. Micron guided Q4 to $50 billion in revenue, has HBM4 ramping at twice the pace of the prior generation, and CEO Sanjay Mehrotra has said supply will not catch demand before the end of 2027. At 8x forward earnings on $112 projected FY2027 EPS, Micron is the most undervalued infrastructure company in the entire AI stack. Inference is memory. Memory is Micron and the inference ramp has barely started. Milk Road Pro members are already up massively on this position and we're just getting started. If you want the full breakdown of what we're buying and why, come join us for just a dollar using the link below!

Milk Road AI

128,678 görüntüleme • 1 ay önce

I coded a Speech-to-Text model from scratch. 𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐞: No APIs. No pre-trained models. Just PyTorch, an A100 GPU, and hours of debugging. This started months ago. I wanted to understand how machines hear. Not surface-level understanding. I wanted to build the whole thing myself. So I built it piece by piece: autoencoders, VAEs, VQ-VAEs, Residual Vector Quantization, and CTC loss. Each one took days to get right. Trained for 3 hours on 13,100 audio clips. Got complete garbage. Changed the tokenizer from BPE to character-level. Rechecked everything. Asked AVB who built STT models before. His answer: these models are tricky to train and need days of compute, not hours. Cut the dataset to 200 clips. After 2 hours, actual words appeared. Overfitted? Absolutely. But watching noise turn into recognizable English was satisfying. I have made a blog about this as well so you can learn about the same and my process - Audio fundamentals and waveform representation - Why attention breaks on raw audio - Convolutional downsampling - Transformer encoder with positional encoding - Vector Quantization, straight-through estimator, and RVQ - CTC loss and greedy decoding - Full training loop with VQ loss warmup - What went wrong and what finally worked Resources: - Blog: - Code: More Resoures CTC loss AVB videos SoundStream Paper LJ speech dataset wav2vec paper RVQ blog Next up: I've already trained two TTS architectures from scratch. Video post about those coming soon. But first, I'm dropping a visual breakdown of Vision Transformers, covering how they work and how to fine-tune them. Follow me Mayank Pratap Singh you're into audio deep learning. Repost so others can find this

Mayank Pratap Singh

51,382 görüntüleme • 4 ay önce

New short course: Attention in Transformers: Concepts and Code in PyTorch. Last week we released a course on how LLM transformers work. This week, go deeper and learn about the technical ideas behind the attention mechanism, and see how to code it in PyTorch. This course is built with Joshua Starmer, Founder and CEO of StatQuest. The attention mechanism was a breakthrough that led to transformers, the architecture powering large language models like ChatGPT. Transformers, introduced in the 2017 paper: "Attention is All You Need" by Viswani and others, took off because of its highly scalable design. In this course, you’ll learn how the attention mechanism, a key element of transformer-based LLMs, works and implement it in PyTorch. You'll develop deep intuition about building reliable, functional, and scalable AI applications. What you will do: - Understand the evolution of the attention mechanism, a key breakthrough that led to transformers. - Learn the relationships between word embeddings, positional embeddings, and attention. - Learn about the Query, Key, and Value matrices, and how to produce and use them in attention. - Walk through the math required to calculate self-attention and masked self-attention to learn why and how they work. - Understand the difference between self-attention and masked self-attention and how one is used in the encoder to build context-aware embeddings and the other is used in the decoder for generative outputs. - Learn the details of the encoder-decoder architecture, cross-attention, and multi-head attention and how they are all incorporated into a transformer. - Use PyTorch to code a class that implements self-attention, masked self-attention, and multi-head attention. There're lots of exciting technical details in this course. Please sign up here:

Andrew Ng

132,285 görüntüleme • 1 yıl önce

What happens when intelligence becomes a line item? For the first time, companies can treat AI token spending almost like headcount: allocate more money, deploy more intelligence, and potentially get more work done. That changes the economics of building a company. It could reshape how companies form, how teams are managed, how businesses are financed, and who is best positioned to build them. a16z crypto General Partner Guy Wuollet and Head of Engineering ncitron.eth join Robert Hackett to explore why engineering leaders may soon manage token budgets like P&Ls, the emergence of software-engineering “pod shops”; and whether the future belongs to smaller, leaner businesses run by people who are unusually good at directing agents. They also ask why AI agents may naturally transact using stablecoins, and confront a larger question: If AI has created so much new intelligence, why hasn’t it produced an obvious jump in economic growth? And in a world where everyone can access powerful models, will intelligence matter less than grit, judgment, and agency? 0:00 Intro 4:01 Why token spending is starting to resemble headcount 4:51 Deciding how much spend is too much spend 9:04 The agentic A/B test: How to quantify "return on tokens" 12:05 The software-engineering "pod shop" 25:13 Paying deference to the Machine God 26:06 The rise (or not) of lean, AI-native microbusinesses 28:05 Everyone's a manager? The new style of thinking for engineers 30:48 Why AI agents may naturally use stablecoins 34:33 When AI productivity will appear in GDP 47:49 Why grit and agency may matter more than IQ 51:38 How AI could create new paths for startups 54:53 Innovation, commoditization, and creative destruction

a16z crypto

57,160 görüntüleme • 10 gün önce