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The quantum conversation is no longer hypothetical for security leaders. Data being collected now could be decrypted by attackers later. On Ep. 41 of The Main Scoop, Daniel Newman, Greg Lotko, and Tom Cosenza break down Y2Q and what “harvest now, decrypt later” really means. Quantum has the potential...

7,002,291 Aufrufe • vor 5 Monaten •via X (Twitter)

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This is a standard practice for almost all Tier-1 banking applications in Nigeria, and for some fintech applications I’ve previously performed pentests on. Client-side encryption isn’t a total waste, or a waste of compute, as some people have claimed, but rather a measure to protect against API tampering or API request/response manipulation between the client and the server when implemented properly. Even with HTTPS, attackers can capture a decrypted version of web or mobile API data in transit because the browser and the server establish a level of trust during the TLS handshake. Attackers can leverage this trust to capture & proxy already-decrypted traffic, tamper with it, and then forward it to the server. This allows them to override what the user interface or client is originally supposed to send and replace it with data of their choosing. That is why validation needs to be performed on both the client and the server side. To wrap up, encrypting API requests and responses makes it significantly harder for attackers to tamper with data, even if they capture the traffic, unless they have access to the encryption details (algorithm, encryption mode, key size, secret key, and initialization vector), assuming asymmetric encryption is used. In the demo below, you can see how I discovered additional parameters (balance, is_admin) in the API response, captured the registration API request, despite it being sent over HTTPS from the interface, added the discovered parameters, and successfully inflated my balance to 50 billion and also escalated my privileges to admin, and ultimately deleted the accounts of two live users/customers. In the second slide, I captured an API traffic of a bank app, and you can see how difficult the payloads are to read.

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Joe Rogan just said what nobody in finance wants to hear about quantum computing. Rogan: “It’s over. Like there’s no privacy.” He’s not being hyperbolic. He’s being early. Every dollar in every bank account on Earth is protected by one thing. Math. Not vaults. Not guards. Not governments. Math problems that current computers can’t solve fast enough to break. That’s it. RSA encryption. Elliptic curve cryptography. The same math guarding your savings account guards sovereign wealth funds. Defense networks. Nuclear launch protocols. Quantum computing doesn’t pick the lock. It removes the door. A quantum system at sufficient scale breaks RSA encryption in hours. The same problem would take a classical computer longer than the age of the universe. This isn’t theoretical. Google, IBM, and China are racing toward fault-tolerant quantum systems. The timeline isn’t a century. It’s a decade. Maybe less. Rogan: “I think the real problem is the financial market. It’s all numbers, right? It’s all just ones and zeros.” He’s right. And it’s worse than he thinks. The first entity to reach that threshold doesn’t gain an advantage. They gain access. Every encrypted financial transaction ever recorded. Every classified document. Every crypto wallet. Every private key. Every medical record. Every secret ever sent over a wire becomes a postcard. China holds more quantum computing patents than any nation on Earth. Their research runs without public oversight or shareholder pressure. They’ve been harvesting encrypted Western data for years. Intelligence agencies have a name for the strategy. Harvest now, decrypt later. Rogan: “If somebody controls that before we do, if somebody breaks through with this type of technology and then just shuts all the other ones off.” If a foreign power achieves this before post-quantum encryption is deployed, there is no countermove. You can’t un-read stolen data. You can’t restore trust in a system whose entire security model became fiction overnight. People talk about AI as the defining technology of the century. They might be wrong. AI needs data and compute and infrastructure to be dangerous. Quantum computing just needs to exist. One breakthrough. One machine. One moment where the math that protects everything stops being hard enough. Most people heard Rogan and thought exaggeration. The ones paying attention heard a countdown. We built the entire modern world on one assumption. That certain math problems would stay unsolvable forever. Nobody promised us that.

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The Google and Caltech quantum papers demonstrated 2 breakthroughs: that Bitcoin cryptography is much easier to break than previously thought, and that far fewer logical qubits may be necessary for physical qubits. Project Eleven CEO Alex Pruden explains: "These two papers are not necessarily about a quantum computer that's bigger or more capable. They're about what it takes to break cryptography." "So what changed? One of the things that changed was that physicists and quantum cryptographers that looked at this problem for a long time studied an algorithm called RSA — an older cryptographic algorithm." "But that's not what really any blockchains use, because RSA keys are very large. It turns out, and this was one of the key upshots of the Google paper, that if you focus on the cryptography used by Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other networks, it's actually way easier to break than they thought it was, compared to RSA." "The other big breakthrough, and this is from the Caltech paper: Quantum computers are very fragile, generally. So to be useful, they need to have what's called error correction applied. And that can result in a lot of overhead. You need to have tons of physical qubits to get to one logical qubit." "This Caltech paper basically showed, 'Hey, we have some new ideas for error correction. And it turns out if we apply those, we don't need hundreds or thousands of physical qubits, maybe we just need a handful to make one logical cubit.'" "The headline of their paper is 'You may only need 10,000 physical qubits to run Shor's algorithm.' And by the way, they demonstrated 6,000 last year."

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