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The quantum-mitigation question on every cryptographer's mind: to use hash-based or Lattice-based signatures in Bitcoin? Hash-based signature schemes—e.g. SHRINCs/SHRIMPS by Blockstream's Jonas Nick—have been called "the conservative choice" by Adam Back while Dan Boneh makes a push for lattice-based signatures. "Hash-based signatures are combinatorial in nature—and that limits a... show more

Isabel Foxen Duke⚡️

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Director of Blockstream Research, Jonas Nick, explains the case for hash-based post-quantum signatures in Bitcoin in one minute:

Director of Blockstream Research, Jonas Nick, explains the case for hash-based post-quantum signatures in Bitcoin in one minute:

Blockstream

76,564 Aufrufe • vor 3 Monaten

"There's nothing worse than trying to protect against quantum computing and then making Bitcoin insecure against regular computing." Adam Back on why hash-based signatures are the conservative post-quantum choice for Bitcoin. Based on a 1979 paper. Decades of analysis. SHRINCS is where Blockstream Research landed.

"There's nothing worse than trying to protect against quantum computing and then making Bitcoin insecure against regular computing." Adam Back on why hash-based signatures are the conservative post-quantum choice for Bitcoin. Based on a 1979 paper. Decades of analysis. SHRINCS is where Blockstream Research landed.

Blockstream

18,118 Aufrufe • vor 1 Monat

Hash-based signatures for Bitcoin's post-quantum future? with Jonas Nick | SLP713 Bitcoin researcher Blockstream and bitcoin/secp256k1 contributor, Jonas Nick joins me to discuss how quantum computing could impact Bitcoin’s security. We explore post-quantum cryptography, hash-based signatures, impact on hardware wallets, the controversial block size trade-offs and more. (00:00) - Intro (01:49) - How real is quantum risk to Bitcoin? (04:39) - When could quantum pose a threat to Bitcoin’s cryptography? (09:56) - Long range vs Short range attacks (12:37) - How many coins are vulnerable to Long range attacks? (14:12) - Different types of cryptography and exploring Hash-based signature schemes (17:00) - Categories of Hash-based signature scheme and their pros & cons (23:42) - How do Hash-based signatures work? (32:14) - Would Lightning, Multi-sig, Taproot, Silent Payments, Atomic swaps work in a post-quantum world? (38:50) - What are Adaptor signatures & how do they affect atomic swapping? (41:27) - Will we need new Bitcoin hardware wallets?; Signature production & verification (44:41) - Signature size and Bitcoin block capacity implications (46:52) - Should we revisit the block size conversation? (54:57) - Overview of SPHINCS+ & SHRINCS (59:49) - Transitioning to post-quantum signature schemes; Overview of BIP 360 (1:09:06) - Closing thoughts

Hash-based signatures for Bitcoin's post-quantum future? with Jonas Nick | SLP713 Bitcoin researcher Blockstream and bitcoin/secp256k1 contributor, Jonas Nick joins me to discuss how quantum computing could impact Bitcoin’s security. We explore post-quantum cryptography, hash-based signatures, impact on hardware wallets, the controversial block size trade-offs and more. (00:00) - Intro (01:49) - How real is quantum risk to Bitcoin? (04:39) - When could quantum pose a threat to Bitcoin’s cryptography? (09:56) - Long range vs Short range attacks (12:37) - How many coins are vulnerable to Long range attacks? (14:12) - Different types of cryptography and exploring Hash-based signature schemes (17:00) - Categories of Hash-based signature scheme and their pros & cons (23:42) - How do Hash-based signatures work? (32:14) - Would Lightning, Multi-sig, Taproot, Silent Payments, Atomic swaps work in a post-quantum world? (38:50) - What are Adaptor signatures & how do they affect atomic swapping? (41:27) - Will we need new Bitcoin hardware wallets?; Signature production & verification (44:41) - Signature size and Bitcoin block capacity implications (46:52) - Should we revisit the block size conversation? (54:57) - Overview of SPHINCS+ & SHRINCS (59:49) - Transitioning to post-quantum signature schemes; Overview of BIP 360 (1:09:06) - Closing thoughts

Stephan Livera

45,684 Aufrufe • vor 6 Monaten

Provable SHRIMPS: Post-quantum hash-based signatures verified in Cairo with STARK proofs. As usual Blockstream Research is killing it on the post quantum bitcoin research. SHRIMPS 🦐 is so cool that I made provable shrimps, it could be useful to for batch shrimps signature verification. Don't panic, as Adam Back said: "SHRIMPS & bitcoin quantum readiness > quantum FUD."

Provable SHRIMPS: Post-quantum hash-based signatures verified in Cairo with STARK proofs. As usual Blockstream Research is killing it on the post quantum bitcoin research. SHRIMPS 🦐 is so cool that I made provable shrimps, it could be useful to for batch shrimps signature verification. Don't panic, as Adam Back said: "SHRIMPS & bitcoin quantum readiness > quantum FUD."

abdel

25,494 Aufrufe • vor 3 Monaten

BITCOIN RAILS #59: Post-Quantum Bitcoin Signatures (+ their tradeoffs) | with BIP 360 co-author Ethan ✨ is on BlueSky✨ Heilman 🐱 and Blockstream Head of Research Jonas Nick 🔗 YOUTUBE: 🌿 SPOTIFY: According to BIP 360 co-author Ethan Heilman, Bitcoin needs a minimum of two soft forks to become quantum resistant: P2MR (or an output type that can safely execute PQ signatures) + a post-quantum checksig (signature scheme). Ethan and the BIP 360 team (including myself and Hunter Beast 🕯️) introduced the P2MR part via a BIP 360 update late last year—but the question remains, what’s the most appropriate PQ signature scheme for Bitcoin? They all have substantive tradeoffs, but hash-based signatures seem to be leading technical discourse—likely due to recent optimizations by Jonas Nick and the broader Blockstream research team. It was an honor to sit down with both of these men - arguably the two most influential and productive cryptographers in Bitcoin quantum mitigation right now - for an in-depth review of the leading PQ signature schemes and a temperature check on Bitcoin’s post-quantum planning process. TBH, if you want to skip the noise and jump straight to the signal on quantum, this is the interview to watch. In this episode, we discuss: - What needs to happen at the soft fork, infra, and mitigation levels to fully quantum-harden Bitcoin - Recent updates to BIP 360 + breakdown of the leading hash-based signatures schemes for Bitcoin (SHRINCS + SHRIMPS) - Why we may actually get consensus around a stateful scheme for Bitcoin - Comparisons of hash-based signatures vs Lattice and Isogeny-based schemes - Assessing the risks of both waiting too long and acting too fast (and why quantum is a better threat to be facing than a potential classical attack) This episode of Bitcoin Rails is brought to you by my NEW sponsors: - LayerTwo Labs LayerTwo Labs — developing research, software, and technologies for scaling Bitcoin via the integration of Drivechains (BIP 300/301) - Hashi on Sui — a primitive for executing Bitcoin Defi transactions, without having to trust a federated bridge or other centralized entity - BitBox BitBox — an open-source Bitcoin-only hardware wallet, with smooth UX and no compromises on security. Check out Bitbox [dot] swiss and use code BITCOINRAILS to get a discount TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Intro 02:18 Ethan’s Quantum Wakeup 05:18 How Blockstream Enters Post Quantum 09:25 BIP 360 Explained 12:11 How Bitcoin Transitions to PQ 17:35 Choosing Post Quantum Signatures 23:20 How Blockstream Created SHRINCS 27:22 Signature Budgets Importance Explained 41:13 What are SHRIMPS? 44:51 SHRIMPS vs SHRINCS 47:48 Why SLH-DSA Alone Won’t Cut It 49:24 Is a SHRIMPS + SHRINCS BIP Coming? 51:51 Blockstream’s Big Plans for Liquid 59:04 Quantum Readiness Roadmap 01:02:22 Importance of a PQ Recovery Plan 01:05:35 How Long Would a PQ Migration Take 01:11:17 Quantum Watchlist Recommendations

BITCOIN RAILS #59: Post-Quantum Bitcoin Signatures (+ their tradeoffs) | with BIP 360 co-author Ethan ✨ is on BlueSky✨ Heilman 🐱 and Blockstream Head of Research Jonas Nick 🔗 YOUTUBE: 🌿 SPOTIFY: According to BIP 360 co-author Ethan Heilman, Bitcoin needs a minimum of two soft forks to become quantum resistant: P2MR (or an output type that can safely execute PQ signatures) + a post-quantum checksig (signature scheme). Ethan and the BIP 360 team (including myself and Hunter Beast 🕯️) introduced the P2MR part via a BIP 360 update late last year—but the question remains, what’s the most appropriate PQ signature scheme for Bitcoin? They all have substantive tradeoffs, but hash-based signatures seem to be leading technical discourse—likely due to recent optimizations by Jonas Nick and the broader Blockstream research team. It was an honor to sit down with both of these men - arguably the two most influential and productive cryptographers in Bitcoin quantum mitigation right now - for an in-depth review of the leading PQ signature schemes and a temperature check on Bitcoin’s post-quantum planning process. TBH, if you want to skip the noise and jump straight to the signal on quantum, this is the interview to watch. In this episode, we discuss: - What needs to happen at the soft fork, infra, and mitigation levels to fully quantum-harden Bitcoin - Recent updates to BIP 360 + breakdown of the leading hash-based signatures schemes for Bitcoin (SHRINCS + SHRIMPS) - Why we may actually get consensus around a stateful scheme for Bitcoin - Comparisons of hash-based signatures vs Lattice and Isogeny-based schemes - Assessing the risks of both waiting too long and acting too fast (and why quantum is a better threat to be facing than a potential classical attack) This episode of Bitcoin Rails is brought to you by my NEW sponsors: - LayerTwo Labs LayerTwo Labs — developing research, software, and technologies for scaling Bitcoin via the integration of Drivechains (BIP 300/301) - Hashi on Sui — a primitive for executing Bitcoin Defi transactions, without having to trust a federated bridge or other centralized entity - BitBox BitBox — an open-source Bitcoin-only hardware wallet, with smooth UX and no compromises on security. Check out Bitbox [dot] swiss and use code BITCOINRAILS to get a discount TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Intro 02:18 Ethan’s Quantum Wakeup 05:18 How Blockstream Enters Post Quantum 09:25 BIP 360 Explained 12:11 How Bitcoin Transitions to PQ 17:35 Choosing Post Quantum Signatures 23:20 How Blockstream Created SHRINCS 27:22 Signature Budgets Importance Explained 41:13 What are SHRIMPS? 44:51 SHRIMPS vs SHRINCS 47:48 Why SLH-DSA Alone Won’t Cut It 49:24 Is a SHRIMPS + SHRINCS BIP Coming? 51:51 Blockstream’s Big Plans for Liquid 59:04 Quantum Readiness Roadmap 01:02:22 Importance of a PQ Recovery Plan 01:05:35 How Long Would a PQ Migration Take 01:11:17 Quantum Watchlist Recommendations

Isabel Foxen Duke⚡️

23,783 Aufrufe • vor 2 Monaten

BITCOIN RAILS #61: QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY FOR BITCOIN | with Dan Boneh Dan Boneh 🔗 YOUTUBE: 🌿 SPOTIFY: One of the most prolific and influential cryptographers in the world, it’s difficult to fully quantify the impact that Dan Boneh has had on Bitcoin and digital assets more broadly. Through both his own research and his mentorship of some of the space’s most important contributors — e.g. Andrew Poelstra, Benedikt Bünz ☕️, and Robin Linus — few people have done more to shape the cryptographic foundations underlying modern blockchains and digital finance. More recently, Dan co-authored Google's widely discussed paper, “Securing Elliptic Curve Cryptocurrencies against Quantum Vulnerabilities,” which reduced prior estimates of the resources required to run Shor’s algorithm against the elliptic-curve cryptography used by Bitcoin. The paper reignited debate around quantum computing timelines and the long-term security assumptions behind modern cryptocurrencies. In this episode of Bitcoin Rails, Dan and I discuss the current state of quantum computing, its potential implications for Bitcoin, and how he believes the Bitcoin community should think about preparing for a post-quantum future over the coming decade and beyond. And yes, Dan shares his take on the “when quantum” question in the interview, among other key perspectives. This episode of Bitcoin Rails is brought to you by my NEW sponsors: LayerTwo Labs LayerTwo Labs — developing research, software, and technologies for scaling Bitcoin via the integration of Drivechains (BIP 300/301) Hashi on Sui — a primitive for executing Bitcoin Defi transactions, without having to trust a federated bridge or other centralized entity BitBox BitBox — an open-source Bitcoin-only hardware wallet, with smooth UX and no compromises on security. Check out Bitbox [dot] swiss and use code BITCOINRAILS to get a discount TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 — Intro and Dan’s history with cryptography and Bitcoin 11:44 — Shor's algorithm: how a 1994 paper became cryptography's most important threat 16:39 — Building a quantum computer: superconducting qubits vs neutral atoms 25:37 — When should we start worrying about quantum computers? The timeline debate 31:51 — Have we already reached quantum computing's “ahá” moment? 39:09 — Inside the Google paper: how Shor's algorithm was optimized 49:57 — The Bitcoin mempool attack and the 10-minute window 59:21 — Mitigation: what should Bitcoin do to prepare for quantum? 1:11:54 — Hash-based vs lattice-based signatures: Dan's case for lattice 1:23:15 — ZK proofs, BIP361, and what to do with Satoshi's coins 1:31:52 — Encrypted mempools and MEV 1:38:29 — Why Bitcoin will survive quantum and Dan's message to Bitcoin builders

BITCOIN RAILS #61: QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY FOR BITCOIN | with Dan Boneh Dan Boneh 🔗 YOUTUBE: 🌿 SPOTIFY: One of the most prolific and influential cryptographers in the world, it’s difficult to fully quantify the impact that Dan Boneh has had on Bitcoin and digital assets more broadly. Through both his own research and his mentorship of some of the space’s most important contributors — e.g. Andrew Poelstra, Benedikt Bünz ☕️, and Robin Linus — few people have done more to shape the cryptographic foundations underlying modern blockchains and digital finance. More recently, Dan co-authored Google's widely discussed paper, “Securing Elliptic Curve Cryptocurrencies against Quantum Vulnerabilities,” which reduced prior estimates of the resources required to run Shor’s algorithm against the elliptic-curve cryptography used by Bitcoin. The paper reignited debate around quantum computing timelines and the long-term security assumptions behind modern cryptocurrencies. In this episode of Bitcoin Rails, Dan and I discuss the current state of quantum computing, its potential implications for Bitcoin, and how he believes the Bitcoin community should think about preparing for a post-quantum future over the coming decade and beyond. And yes, Dan shares his take on the “when quantum” question in the interview, among other key perspectives. This episode of Bitcoin Rails is brought to you by my NEW sponsors: LayerTwo Labs LayerTwo Labs — developing research, software, and technologies for scaling Bitcoin via the integration of Drivechains (BIP 300/301) Hashi on Sui — a primitive for executing Bitcoin Defi transactions, without having to trust a federated bridge or other centralized entity BitBox BitBox — an open-source Bitcoin-only hardware wallet, with smooth UX and no compromises on security. Check out Bitbox [dot] swiss and use code BITCOINRAILS to get a discount TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 — Intro and Dan’s history with cryptography and Bitcoin 11:44 — Shor's algorithm: how a 1994 paper became cryptography's most important threat 16:39 — Building a quantum computer: superconducting qubits vs neutral atoms 25:37 — When should we start worrying about quantum computers? The timeline debate 31:51 — Have we already reached quantum computing's “ahá” moment? 39:09 — Inside the Google paper: how Shor's algorithm was optimized 49:57 — The Bitcoin mempool attack and the 10-minute window 59:21 — Mitigation: what should Bitcoin do to prepare for quantum? 1:11:54 — Hash-based vs lattice-based signatures: Dan's case for lattice 1:23:15 — ZK proofs, BIP361, and what to do with Satoshi's coins 1:31:52 — Encrypted mempools and MEV 1:38:29 — Why Bitcoin will survive quantum and Dan's message to Bitcoin builders

Isabel Foxen Duke⚡️

113,570 Aufrufe • vor 2 Monaten

For optimization, I don't want to simulate water in a steady state (e.g. this lake), but a flat water surface is boring. So I made the vertex shader add random periodic offsets based on vertex pos hash and it seems to do the trick 🥰 #indiedev #gamedev #indiegames

For optimization, I don't want to simulate water in a steady state (e.g. this lake), but a flat water surface is boring. So I made the vertex shader add random periodic offsets based on vertex pos hash and it seems to do the trick 🥰 #indiedev #gamedev #indiegames

Nikita Lisitsa

19,194 Aufrufe • vor 5 Monaten

L.A. mail-in ballot signature verification is done by a machine that can be altered to let mismatched signatures pass, just like in the Arizona 2020 election, when election workers testified that they were told to ignore the flashing warnings on computers alerting that the signatures on ballots did NOT match. The homeless in L.A. stated that they were using other people's names, and addresses, and filling out 3 to 5 fraudulent ballots a day, and ballot mules would come at least 3x a week to pay them to fill out ballots. The signatures obviously didn't match because the homeless were using other people's information. Turning down the accuracy for signature verification is EXACTLY how they pass the fake signatures through the machines, if they really even check signatures on the fraudulent ballots at all.

L.A. mail-in ballot signature verification is done by a machine that can be altered to let mismatched signatures pass, just like in the Arizona 2020 election, when election workers testified that they were told to ignore the flashing warnings on computers alerting that the signatures on ballots did NOT match. The homeless in L.A. stated that they were using other people's names, and addresses, and filling out 3 to 5 fraudulent ballots a day, and ballot mules would come at least 3x a week to pay them to fill out ballots. The signatures obviously didn't match because the homeless were using other people's information. Turning down the accuracy for signature verification is EXACTLY how they pass the fake signatures through the machines, if they really even check signatures on the fraudulent ballots at all.

The SCIF

47,746 Aufrufe • vor 1 Monat

Karl: Was there an imminent threat posed by those people that were clinging to the wreckage of a boat that had already been struck? Noem: That entire story is based on anonymous sources. We see the press and we see that rag use anonymous sources to print things that aren't true, that are lies, not based in reality.

Karl: Was there an imminent threat posed by those people that were clinging to the wreckage of a boat that had already been struck? Noem: That entire story is based on anonymous sources. We see the press and we see that rag use anonymous sources to print things that aren't true, that are lies, not based in reality.

Acyn

149,085 Aufrufe • vor 7 Monaten

UPDATE: New Zealanders deserve the chance to decide in a democratic way if we stay in the WHO or not. Not the Cabinet behind closed doors. You, me, all of us should decide. That is why I am calling for a referendum. We now have two ways that people can support this campaign: 1) Electronic Parliamentary Petition; 2) Citizens Initiated Referendum Petition. (Links in the comments) Anyone can sign the Electronic Parliamentary Petition. However, the Citizens Initiated Referendum Petition can only be signed by people on the NZ electoral roll and it’s old school – by law you have to sign with a pen and on the paper form. We need signatures from 10% of all registered voters. That’s about 400,000 signatures. It’s a huge number – about equal to every person in Wellington City times two. However, 4000 people collecting 100 signatures, 10,000 collecting 40 signatures or 40,000 collecting 10 signatures gets us to the threshold for a referendum. This is truly a grassroots effort – from the ground up, powered by ordinary Kiwis. We don’t have corporate sponsors. We don’t have taxpayer funding. In fact, under referendum rules, we’re not allowed to spend more than $50,000 on promoting and gathering signatures. However, other groups can spend up to $50,000 promoting the Citizen Initiated Referendum Petition as long as they don’t work with us. If we gather enough signatures, Parliament has to notice. It’s your voice in action: by gathering enough support we can make Parliament debate and act, giving everyday New Zealanders a say in our future. Together, we can show the world what a determined group of Kiwis can do. They may have the World Health Organization, but we have each other – and that is stronger. NZ and the MRNA NZDSOS - NZ Doctors Speaking Out with Science James Lindsay, anti-Communist Peter A. McCullough, MD, MPH® Lee Donoghue Aly Cook Coronavirus Plushie Cam Slater Dr. David Martin Elon Musk Jim Ferguson James Roguski Matt Shelton Perth Today 🇦🇺 Malcolm Roberts 🇦🇺

UPDATE: New Zealanders deserve the chance to decide in a democratic way if we stay in the WHO or not. Not the Cabinet behind closed doors. You, me, all of us should decide. That is why I am calling for a referendum. We now have two ways that people can support this campaign: 1) Electronic Parliamentary Petition; 2) Citizens Initiated Referendum Petition. (Links in the comments) Anyone can sign the Electronic Parliamentary Petition. However, the Citizens Initiated Referendum Petition can only be signed by people on the NZ electoral roll and it’s old school – by law you have to sign with a pen and on the paper form. We need signatures from 10% of all registered voters. That’s about 400,000 signatures. It’s a huge number – about equal to every person in Wellington City times two. However, 4000 people collecting 100 signatures, 10,000 collecting 40 signatures or 40,000 collecting 10 signatures gets us to the threshold for a referendum. This is truly a grassroots effort – from the ground up, powered by ordinary Kiwis. We don’t have corporate sponsors. We don’t have taxpayer funding. In fact, under referendum rules, we’re not allowed to spend more than $50,000 on promoting and gathering signatures. However, other groups can spend up to $50,000 promoting the Citizen Initiated Referendum Petition as long as they don’t work with us. If we gather enough signatures, Parliament has to notice. It’s your voice in action: by gathering enough support we can make Parliament debate and act, giving everyday New Zealanders a say in our future. Together, we can show the world what a determined group of Kiwis can do. They may have the World Health Organization, but we have each other – and that is stronger. NZ and the MRNA NZDSOS - NZ Doctors Speaking Out with Science James Lindsay, anti-Communist Peter A. McCullough, MD, MPH® Lee Donoghue Aly Cook Coronavirus Plushie Cam Slater Dr. David Martin Elon Musk Jim Ferguson James Roguski Matt Shelton Perth Today 🇦🇺 Malcolm Roberts 🇦🇺

Kirsten Murfitt

25,115 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr

BITCOIN RAILS #69: ZERO-KNOWLEDGE PROOFS FOR POST-QUANTUM BITCOIN | with Benedikt Bünz 🔗 YOUTUBE: 🌿 SPOTIFY: While many Bitcoiners remain hopeful the network will embrace zero-knowledge proofs for protocol-level use cases, practical adoption has remained limited outside of BitVM and a handful of experimental proposals. Most of the world’s ZKP research has circled around Ethereum and other ecosystems, where significant resources have been dedicated to advancing these systems, particularly for scaling and privacy applications. One of the most notable contributors to this research is Benedikt Bünz ☕️ — professor of cryptography at NYU and collaborator of Dan Boneh, who together inarguably form one of the strongest blockchain-applied cryptography teams in the world. The pair recently announced they’ll be leading the new post-quantum cryptography unit localhost research — the first dedicated PQ research effort within a major Bitcoin development organization. With Benedikt leading the charge on the use of zero-knowledge proofs for post-quantum mitigation, the question emerges: will the post-quantum transition be the catalyst to finally bring zero-knowledge proofs to Bitcoin's core protocol? In more detail, Benedikt and I discuss: - Why ZKPs haven’t been widely adopted by the Bitcoin technical community — and why the threat of quantum computers may change that posture going forward - How ZKPs could be used for signature batching to address larger post-quantum signatures in Bitcoin’s post-quantum era - Why Bitcoiners will likely prioritize hash-based signatures as an initial post-quantum scheme — rather than more efficient but less proven alternatives (e.g., lattice-based) - How ZKPs have evolved over the last decade and may finally be ready for Bitcoin’s strict requirements around trust assumptions - Why Benedikt and Dan are teaming up with localhost research to create the first post-quantum cryptography unit within a major Bitcoin development organization + what they hope to accomplish This episode of Bitcoin Rails is brought to you by: LayerTwo Labs LayerTwo Labs — developing research, software, and technologies for scaling Bitcoin via the integration of Drivechains (BIP 300/301) Hashi on Sui — a primitive for executing Bitcoin DeFi transactions, without having to trust a federated bridge or other centralized entity BitBox BitBox — an open-source Bitcoin-only hardware wallet, with smooth UX and no compromises on security. Check out Bitbox [dot] swiss and use code BITCOINRAILS to get a discount TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 — Intro 00:22 — Benedikt's background 04:10 — How Benedikt got into Bitcoin and cryptography 07:42 — First ZK project: proving exchange solvency after Mt. Gox 16:01 — ZK proofs explained 27:43 — How security gets popular & ZK proofs in Bitcoin 35:49 — Other applications of ZK proofs for Bitcoin 40:15 — Why ZK proofs haven't been adopted in Bitcoin 50:46 — Why the Bitcoin post-quantum transition needs ZK proofs 01:07:00 — Cryptographic agility and why lattices win 01:18:00 — The size problem and how SNARKs solve it 01:33:57 — Proving a Bitcoin block in a laptop in 1.5 seconds 01:37:12 — Bitcoin as the primary quantum target 01:40:47 — ZK proofs for seed phrase recovery

BITCOIN RAILS #69: ZERO-KNOWLEDGE PROOFS FOR POST-QUANTUM BITCOIN | with Benedikt Bünz 🔗 YOUTUBE: 🌿 SPOTIFY: While many Bitcoiners remain hopeful the network will embrace zero-knowledge proofs for protocol-level use cases, practical adoption has remained limited outside of BitVM and a handful of experimental proposals. Most of the world’s ZKP research has circled around Ethereum and other ecosystems, where significant resources have been dedicated to advancing these systems, particularly for scaling and privacy applications. One of the most notable contributors to this research is Benedikt Bünz ☕️ — professor of cryptography at NYU and collaborator of Dan Boneh, who together inarguably form one of the strongest blockchain-applied cryptography teams in the world. The pair recently announced they’ll be leading the new post-quantum cryptography unit localhost research — the first dedicated PQ research effort within a major Bitcoin development organization. With Benedikt leading the charge on the use of zero-knowledge proofs for post-quantum mitigation, the question emerges: will the post-quantum transition be the catalyst to finally bring zero-knowledge proofs to Bitcoin's core protocol? In more detail, Benedikt and I discuss: - Why ZKPs haven’t been widely adopted by the Bitcoin technical community — and why the threat of quantum computers may change that posture going forward - How ZKPs could be used for signature batching to address larger post-quantum signatures in Bitcoin’s post-quantum era - Why Bitcoiners will likely prioritize hash-based signatures as an initial post-quantum scheme — rather than more efficient but less proven alternatives (e.g., lattice-based) - How ZKPs have evolved over the last decade and may finally be ready for Bitcoin’s strict requirements around trust assumptions - Why Benedikt and Dan are teaming up with localhost research to create the first post-quantum cryptography unit within a major Bitcoin development organization + what they hope to accomplish This episode of Bitcoin Rails is brought to you by: LayerTwo Labs LayerTwo Labs — developing research, software, and technologies for scaling Bitcoin via the integration of Drivechains (BIP 300/301) Hashi on Sui — a primitive for executing Bitcoin DeFi transactions, without having to trust a federated bridge or other centralized entity BitBox BitBox — an open-source Bitcoin-only hardware wallet, with smooth UX and no compromises on security. Check out Bitbox [dot] swiss and use code BITCOINRAILS to get a discount TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 — Intro 00:22 — Benedikt's background 04:10 — How Benedikt got into Bitcoin and cryptography 07:42 — First ZK project: proving exchange solvency after Mt. Gox 16:01 — ZK proofs explained 27:43 — How security gets popular & ZK proofs in Bitcoin 35:49 — Other applications of ZK proofs for Bitcoin 40:15 — Why ZK proofs haven't been adopted in Bitcoin 50:46 — Why the Bitcoin post-quantum transition needs ZK proofs 01:07:00 — Cryptographic agility and why lattices win 01:18:00 — The size problem and how SNARKs solve it 01:33:57 — Proving a Bitcoin block in a laptop in 1.5 seconds 01:37:12 — Bitcoin as the primary quantum target 01:40:47 — ZK proofs for seed phrase recovery

Isabel Foxen Duke⚡️

19,459 Aufrufe • vor 12 Tagen

We made a lot of strides for protecting girls in 2025. Let’s keep it going in ‘26 by getting the ProtectKidsColorado Protect Girls Sports initiative on the ballot! 📩Message me for a petition. 💲Or contribute to help us get the signatures. We have 6 weeks to go. Let’s do this!

We made a lot of strides for protecting girls in 2025. Let’s keep it going in ‘26 by getting the ProtectKidsColorado Protect Girls Sports initiative on the ballot! 📩Message me for a petition. 💲Or contribute to help us get the signatures. We have 6 weeks to go. Let’s do this!

Erin for Parental Rights

21,314 Aufrufe • vor 7 Monaten

Remember when Jake Barber said this in Jan 2025: "They [UAP] are invited to land by the psionics team via man or machine-based summoning systems. We have man-based systems which are our psionic assets, which make a connection through intuition or consciousness with the object and can invite it in. The other is the machine-based system, which we can refer to as a dog whistle or a lure. Certain types of UAP are specifically attracted or responsive to our machine-based calling system. Once the UAP are brought in, we then communicate with them." The events of December 2025 bring this luring or summoning process to the forefront. So think about it: what if a UAP was to be summoned over a populated urban area? Tick tock...

Remember when Jake Barber said this in Jan 2025: "They [UAP] are invited to land by the psionics team via man or machine-based summoning systems. We have man-based systems which are our psionic assets, which make a connection through intuition or consciousness with the object and can invite it in. The other is the machine-based system, which we can refer to as a dog whistle or a lure. Certain types of UAP are specifically attracted or responsive to our machine-based calling system. Once the UAP are brought in, we then communicate with them." The events of December 2025 bring this luring or summoning process to the forefront. So think about it: what if a UAP was to be summoned over a populated urban area? Tick tock...

UAP Juan

76,608 Aufrufe • vor 15 Tagen

President Ruto: The broad-based arrangement we have is inspired by how we can cross ranks and deal with the issues that affect the people of Kenya and not what’s in it for me or him

President Ruto: The broad-based arrangement we have is inspired by how we can cross ranks and deal with the issues that affect the people of Kenya and not what’s in it for me or him

Citizen TV Kenya

38,082 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr

420,987 failed signatures found after a subpoena of the Maricopa County 2020 Election ballots and data. Some people were found to have voted 2x, only days apart. Some signatures weren't even close to the original registrations on file. Runbeck, that has no oversight or chain-of-custody, assisted with image/scanning for some counties, primarily Maricopa, but signature verification was "allegedly" performed by county election officials/staff. Runbeck "allegedly" sent 100% of these images to Maricopa County Elections for review. Are these people even looking at the signatures when doing their job, or is the fraud just this bad?

420,987 failed signatures found after a subpoena of the Maricopa County 2020 Election ballots and data. Some people were found to have voted 2x, only days apart. Some signatures weren't even close to the original registrations on file. Runbeck, that has no oversight or chain-of-custody, assisted with image/scanning for some counties, primarily Maricopa, but signature verification was "allegedly" performed by county election officials/staff. Runbeck "allegedly" sent 100% of these images to Maricopa County Elections for review. Are these people even looking at the signatures when doing their job, or is the fraud just this bad?

The SCIF

61,064 Aufrufe • vor 25 Tagen

None of the three evidentiary standards for a real quantum threat have been met. "Anybody can FUD anything about Bitcoin. If we make changes based on claims and not evidence, Bitcoin is vulnerable to the most obvious of attacks." - Rearden Vibes 🛩 fork/acc

None of the three evidentiary standards for a real quantum threat have been met. "Anybody can FUD anything about Bitcoin. If we make changes based on claims and not evidence, Bitcoin is vulnerable to the most obvious of attacks." - Rearden Vibes 🛩 fork/acc

TFTC

37,007 Aufrufe • vor 3 Monaten

Gov. Gavin Newsom said he has a secret “break the glass” plan to prevent California from electing a Republican governor. He recently signed a law that states mail in ballots signatures do not have to match. SB73 Section 3. Clause F reads : (f) A vote by mail voter observer shall not be permitted to challenge a signature on a vote by mail ballot return envelope pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 3019, or on statements completed pursuant to subdivisions (d) and (e) of Section 3019, on the basis that they believe the signature does not compare with the signatures appearing in the voter’s registration record. There’s no election integrity in California. ❌ Mail in ballots to every Californian and even if you moved state, you’ll still get a ballot. ❌ signatures do not need to match ❌ unsecured drop boxes that get vandalized and set on fire ❌ months of counting with ballots being flown in by helicopter. ❌ No voter ID ❌ “Honor system” for voter registration. Until election integrity is addressed we will never have a balanced state.

Gov. Gavin Newsom said he has a secret “break the glass” plan to prevent California from electing a Republican governor. He recently signed a law that states mail in ballots signatures do not have to match. SB73 Section 3. Clause F reads : (f) A vote by mail voter observer shall not be permitted to challenge a signature on a vote by mail ballot return envelope pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 3019, or on statements completed pursuant to subdivisions (d) and (e) of Section 3019, on the basis that they believe the signature does not compare with the signatures appearing in the voter’s registration record. There’s no election integrity in California. ❌ Mail in ballots to every Californian and even if you moved state, you’ll still get a ballot. ❌ signatures do not need to match ❌ unsecured drop boxes that get vandalized and set on fire ❌ months of counting with ballots being flown in by helicopter. ❌ No voter ID ❌ “Honor system” for voter registration. Until election integrity is addressed we will never have a balanced state.

Denise Aguilar

287,591 Aufrufe • vor 1 Monat

The most successful political scam in modern history is convincing people that our future depends on separating ourselves by race. We have race-based caucuses, race-based programs, race-based holidays, race-based activism, and race-based grievance politics. And somehow we’re supposed to believe this makes us less divided. The answer to racism isn’t more racial categories. It’s teaching every American that our history belongs to all of us. Stop dividing us into tribes. Stop treating race as the most important thing about a person. And start celebrating what actually matters: We’re all Americans first.

The most successful political scam in modern history is convincing people that our future depends on separating ourselves by race. We have race-based caucuses, race-based programs, race-based holidays, race-based activism, and race-based grievance politics. And somehow we’re supposed to believe this makes us less divided. The answer to racism isn’t more racial categories. It’s teaching every American that our history belongs to all of us. Stop dividing us into tribes. Stop treating race as the most important thing about a person. And start celebrating what actually matters: We’re all Americans first.

Wesley Hunt

145,708 Aufrufe • vor 1 Monat

Afolabi Brown : Let’s take a Peller for example, I would describe Peller as a “freak of nature” Morayo Brown : Why? Afolabi Brown : under normal circumstances, based on history based on what we have always known in the past , someone who act like Peller , who is like Peller usually they don’t have a seat at the table, usually they are relegated to the background!!! Me : Do you agree with Mr Brown on this?

Afolabi Brown : Let’s take a Peller for example, I would describe Peller as a “freak of nature” Morayo Brown : Why? Afolabi Brown : under normal circumstances, based on history based on what we have always known in the past , someone who act like Peller , who is like Peller usually they don’t have a seat at the table, usually they are relegated to the background!!! Me : Do you agree with Mr Brown on this?

‘Mide

116,359 Aufrufe • vor 5 Tagen

How interesting on energy flows The following documentary from the 80s showing real human "bioenergy fields" (human auras) recorded in laboratory. “The aura” has been captured with specialized cameras and film, noting how it changes based on feeling states, physical conditions, the interaction with energy radiation from objects and living things. Based on ancient Chinese Meridian medicine and current bioenergy research each Chakra center is hard wired via meridians that connect to specific endocrine glands that have different frequencies in color, emotion, sound and etheric properties. Optimum health states and weak or lessened health states, creativity, altered states of consciousness, lucid dreaming, love and compassion each have specific bioenergy field signatures that are part of the mind, body, spirit reference points of awareness in the person's experiential state.

How interesting on energy flows The following documentary from the 80s showing real human "bioenergy fields" (human auras) recorded in laboratory. “The aura” has been captured with specialized cameras and film, noting how it changes based on feeling states, physical conditions, the interaction with energy radiation from objects and living things. Based on ancient Chinese Meridian medicine and current bioenergy research each Chakra center is hard wired via meridians that connect to specific endocrine glands that have different frequencies in color, emotion, sound and etheric properties. Optimum health states and weak or lessened health states, creativity, altered states of consciousness, lucid dreaming, love and compassion each have specific bioenergy field signatures that are part of the mind, body, spirit reference points of awareness in the person's experiential state.

Claire Taylor 🇬🇧ioekah Lumish , ( Alcyone )

23,580 Aufrufe • vor 6 Monaten