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To build the renewables needed to achieve Net Zero by 2050, at current production rates, it would take nearly 10,000 years to mine enough lithium, more than 7,000 years for enough vanadium, over 1,700 years for cobalt, 400 years for nickel and almost 200 years for the copper. Even...

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Does the world have enough lithium to power all the electric vehicles and stationary batteries needed to transition the world to 100% clean, renewable energy and storage for everything? The answer is yes. In 2025, the USGS increased its estimate of world lithium resources over land by 30%, to 150 million tons, with the U.S. having the largest resource, 30 million tons, followed by Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Australia, and China. How much lithium is this? The world has 1.1 billion passenger cars and 375 million trucks and buses. Replacing these requires about 47 million tons of lithium -- 9 million tons for the cars and 38 million tons for the trucks and buses. That’s only 31 percent of the 2025 known lithium resources, and keep in mind, the known resources grow each year as people look for more lithium. What is more, lithium stays in a vehicle during a battery’s 15 to 25-year life. At the end of the battery’s life, the battery is recycled or re-used for stationary electricity storage, so the mining is one-time. For stationary electricity storage itself, less than one-tenth the lithium, 2 to 4 million tons, is needed worldwide than is needed for vehicles. As such, current lithium resources are over three times those needed for vehicles plus storage. Also, many other battery types now exist that don’t use lithium. In sum, there is no shortage of lithium to transition the world to 100% clean, renewable energy and storage for everything. More info Video:

Mark Z. Jacobson

13,130 Aufrufe • vor 3 Monaten

"A severe lack of knowledge.” I wonder how our 21 year-old Senator would go with this CLIMATE QUIZ …. 1. If Australia where to go Net Zero by 2050 (and assuming C02 is the control knob for global temperatures as per the IPCC estimates) to the nearest 1/100th of a degree, what will be the difference average global temperatures at the end of this century ? 2. As a percentage, what is the level of CO2 currently in the atmosphere? 3. Australia has 21 GW of coal-fired capacity left, all of which is to be eliminated by 2050 under Net Zero. What is the total capacity in GW of the new coal-fired power stations under construction in China ? 4. Australia mines around 390 million tonnes of coal annually. How many million tonnes of coal does India mine annually, and by how many millions of tonnes are they planning to increase it by over the next 5 years 5. As a percentage of C02, what is the ideal level of Co2 in the atmosphere. 6. Explain the chemical difference between "Carbon pollution" and the CO2 that turns still water in sparkling mineral water. 7. Of Australia’s total "emissions" that are planned to be reduced to Net Zero - what percentage of these total emmissions come from electricity generation ? 8. To the nearest degree, what is the current average global temperature ? 9. To the nearest degree, what is the ideal average global temperature ? 10. Being from South Australia, in what year did the highest temperature ever record in SA occur. 11. In what year did Adelaide experience its longest run of extremely hot days ? 12. According to the peer-reviewed research, what has been trend in rainfall over past 150 years in Adelaide? 13. What has been the trend in the number of Australian cyclones (both severe and non severe) since 1970 - are they increasing, decreasing or steady 14. Over the past century, is the area of Australia beung burnt annually by bushfires increasing, decreasing or steady. 15. What is the biggest killer; extreme hot weather or extreme cold weather? 16. How will Net Zero be achieved in the agriculture sector, where the "emmissions" to be reduced to Net Zero come from the burps and farts 17. Explain how the subsidies work for roof-top solar 18. What will be the penalty payable on a new Ford Ranger in 4 years time under the so-called vehicle efficiency standards If have such a lack of knowledge, that you can’t answer questions, you have no place commenting on Net Zero and no place speaking about in Parliament.

Craig Kelly:🇦🇺Foundation for Economic Education

29,466 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr