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🇺🇦 Ukrainian specialists have successfully tested a modernized version of the Soviet R-60 “air-to-air” missile. The outdated electronic components were replaced by the Ukrainian company Center of Innovative Technologies Program with modern digital analogs, which significantly improved the capabilities of the missile’s infrared homing head when intercepting aerial targets....

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The Lessons from Vietnam Twenty years ago, the Ukrainian company Vizar was producing air defense missiles for the S-300 systems. With underground facilities and years of expertise, the company was bombed by Russian forces merely two months after the onset of the war. Vizar, along with other Ukrainian companies, had ample opportunity to relocate their production to new sites, yet they did not take this action. This reflects a series of missteps by the Ukrainian MoD and their Western advisors. Between 2014 and 2021, Ukraine received billions in support aimed at modernizing its armed forces. This funding was sufficient to upgrade significant portions of its arsenal, including the T-64 tanks. At that time, in a strategic decision, Ukraine opted for modernization rather than procuring new tanks. However, a similar process was required in their domestic factories to produce missiles and upgrade the Soviet-designed systems that in 2022 constituted 80% of their military inventory, but the Ukrainian MoD was able only to refurbish some weapons. It is in this context that Vietnam offers important lessons for Ukraine. Vietnam boasts more than three factories capable of producing and upgrading Soviet systems. Their S-300 systems, including radars, are being enhanced at the engineering department of the A29 Factory. The A31 and A41 factories are also engaged in processing surface-to-air missiles and producing spare parts for the S-75, S-125, S-300, and various other surface-to-air missile systems. Notably, the same factory successfully upgraded the S-125 "Pechora" surface-to-air missiles, resulting in the creation of the S-125 2TM "Pechora-M" variant, which offers superior performance compared to the original model. These Vietnamese factories are adept at repairing, assembling, and upgrading their weaponry. Currently, Vietnam is also engaged in upgrading its Scud missiles. Vietnam implemented a strategic approach that Ukraine should have adopted, a necessity that was overlooked by Western advisors, whether intentionally or not. Before the conflict, Ukraine possessed approximately 4,500 defense missiles but failed to establish a network of companies capable of upgrading and organizing the constant supply of these Soviet missiles. Despite Ukraine's significant legacy in missile development during the Soviet era, there was no strategic planning for a sustainable military supply chain, resulting in a reliance on Western systems, which are also experiencing ammunition shortages. The current Ukrainian arsenal contains numerous short-range air defense systems that are now abandoned and inactive. NATO's assessments regarding Russian military and industrial capabilities were flawed, as was their analysis of the repair logistics for Western equipment supplied to Ukraine. Additionally, there was a lack of planning aimed at creating a sustainable military framework for Ukraine. This occurred despite the existence of companies with a long-standing tradition and underground facilities specifically designed to operate during wartime. Currently, only a few Ukrainian companies are responsible for the limited production of missiles, such as the Neptune, along with some drones. This output is merely a fraction of what it could have been at this stage. The Lessons from Vietnam? The capacity for supply must be established as a cohesive chain, capable of supporting both modern and old equipment that requires upgrades within a domestic production framework.

Patricia Marins

451,618 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr