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Vigorous physical activity is at least 8x more effective for cardiovascular disease prevention than lower intensities when compared minute-for-minute, according to recent data. Why? Higher activity intensities more potently stimulate shear stress, the friction of blood flow on the lining of vascular walls known as the endothelium. This is... a stimulus for the endothelium to release nitric oxide and other vasodilating substances that improve endothelial function and arterial flexibility, important adaptations for reducing atherosclerosis risk. Lower exercise intensities don't replicate the pattern and magnitude of shear stress elevations of high-intensity activity. Hence why dozens of studies show that high-intensity exercise is superior for improving endothelial function, reducing artery stiffness, and ultimately lowering the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events.show more

Dr. Rhonda Patrick

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Vigorous intensity physical activity is 4–10x more effective than moderate activity for reducing the risk of major chronic diseases. One minute of vigorous activity offers roughly the same reduction in all-cause mortality risk as 4 minutes of moderate activity. When looking closer at specific outcomes, the impact becomes even clearer. For cardiovascular mortality, you'd need about 8 minutes of moderate activity to equal just one minute at vigorous intensity; for type 2 diabetes, it's closer to 10 minutes. In terms of cancer-related mortality, again, vigorous activity proves four times more potent than moderate intensity. These findings are eye-opening, but perhaps not surprising when we consider the superior cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations in response to vigorous-intensity activity, including better cardiorespiratory fitness and insulin sensitivity.

Vigorous intensity physical activity is 4–10x more effective than moderate activity for reducing the risk of major chronic diseases. One minute of vigorous activity offers roughly the same reduction in all-cause mortality risk as 4 minutes of moderate activity. When looking closer at specific outcomes, the impact becomes even clearer. For cardiovascular mortality, you'd need about 8 minutes of moderate activity to equal just one minute at vigorous intensity; for type 2 diabetes, it's closer to 10 minutes. In terms of cancer-related mortality, again, vigorous activity proves four times more potent than moderate intensity. These findings are eye-opening, but perhaps not surprising when we consider the superior cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations in response to vigorous-intensity activity, including better cardiorespiratory fitness and insulin sensitivity.

Dr. Rhonda Patrick

330,820 Aufrufe • vor 8 Monaten

Just 1 minute of vigorous exercise is equivalent to 4 minutes of moderate activity (or 53 minutes of walking) for lowering all-cause mortality, according to a recent Biobank study For cardiovascular mortality, the difference was even larger 1 minute of vigorous exercise equates to 8 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, or 73 minutes of walking It just goes to show... Vigorous-intensity physical activity is the best type of exercise you can do—across the board

Just 1 minute of vigorous exercise is equivalent to 4 minutes of moderate activity (or 53 minutes of walking) for lowering all-cause mortality, according to a recent Biobank study For cardiovascular mortality, the difference was even larger 1 minute of vigorous exercise equates to 8 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, or 73 minutes of walking It just goes to show... Vigorous-intensity physical activity is the best type of exercise you can do—across the board

FoundMyFitness Clips

172,156 Aufrufe • vor 9 Monaten

How much is 1 minute of vigorous exercise worth? In a large wearable-data study, 1 minute of vigorous activity appeared roughly equivalent to: • 4 minutes of moderate exercise for all-cause mortality • 8 minutes of moderate exercise for cardiovascular mortality • 10 minutes of moderate exercise for type 2 diabetes risk Compared to light activity, the difference was even more dramatic: • 53 minutes for all-cause mortality • 73–86 minutes for cardiovascular outcomes • 156 minutes for cancer mortality The takeaway is simple: if you want more return on your exercise time, add intensity

How much is 1 minute of vigorous exercise worth? In a large wearable-data study, 1 minute of vigorous activity appeared roughly equivalent to: • 4 minutes of moderate exercise for all-cause mortality • 8 minutes of moderate exercise for cardiovascular mortality • 10 minutes of moderate exercise for type 2 diabetes risk Compared to light activity, the difference was even more dramatic: • 53 minutes for all-cause mortality • 73–86 minutes for cardiovascular outcomes • 156 minutes for cancer mortality The takeaway is simple: if you want more return on your exercise time, add intensity

FoundMyFitness Clips

20,325 Aufrufe • vor 1 Monat

Vigorous exercise is far more potent than current guidelines suggest In one large wearable-data study, 1 minute of vigorous activity appeared roughly comparable to: • 4 minutes of moderate exercise for all-cause mortality • 8 minutes of moderate exercise for cardiovascular mortality • 10 minutes of moderate exercise for type 2 diabetes risk Light activity required dramatically more time, often 100–200+ minutes depending on the outcome If you want the highest return on your exercise time, add intensity

Vigorous exercise is far more potent than current guidelines suggest In one large wearable-data study, 1 minute of vigorous activity appeared roughly comparable to: • 4 minutes of moderate exercise for all-cause mortality • 8 minutes of moderate exercise for cardiovascular mortality • 10 minutes of moderate exercise for type 2 diabetes risk Light activity required dramatically more time, often 100–200+ minutes depending on the outcome If you want the highest return on your exercise time, add intensity

FoundMyFitness Clips

41,388 Aufrufe • vor 2 Monaten

Outside of exercise and nutrition, deliberate heat exposure is perhaps the most powerful longevity intervention In Finnish observational studies, sauna use 4–7x/week was linked to: • 63% lower risk of sudden cardiac death • 50% lower cardiovascular mortality • 40% lower all-cause mortality • 66% lower risk of dementia The mechanism overlaps with exercise: heat stress raises heart rate, improves vascular function, and mimics some effects of moderate-intensity cardio And when sauna is added after aerobic exercise, studies show greater improvements in VO2 max, blood pressure, and lipids than exercise alone

Outside of exercise and nutrition, deliberate heat exposure is perhaps the most powerful longevity intervention In Finnish observational studies, sauna use 4–7x/week was linked to: • 63% lower risk of sudden cardiac death • 50% lower cardiovascular mortality • 40% lower all-cause mortality • 66% lower risk of dementia The mechanism overlaps with exercise: heat stress raises heart rate, improves vascular function, and mimics some effects of moderate-intensity cardio And when sauna is added after aerobic exercise, studies show greater improvements in VO2 max, blood pressure, and lipids than exercise alone

FoundMyFitness Clips

119,460 Aufrufe • vor 3 Monaten

The force of blood flow generated during vigorous-intensity exercise kills circulating tumor cells Vigorous exercise creates high shear stress inside blood vessels (a mechanical force that damaged cancer cells are uniquely vulnerable to, pushing them toward cell death) These are the same cells responsible for cancer recurrence and metastasis years after initial treatment By reducing their survival, vigorous exercise may meaningfully lower cancer mortality

The force of blood flow generated during vigorous-intensity exercise kills circulating tumor cells Vigorous exercise creates high shear stress inside blood vessels (a mechanical force that damaged cancer cells are uniquely vulnerable to, pushing them toward cell death) These are the same cells responsible for cancer recurrence and metastasis years after initial treatment By reducing their survival, vigorous exercise may meaningfully lower cancer mortality

FoundMyFitness Clips

31,042 Aufrufe • vor 8 Monaten

Physical activity doesn't have to be structured to be beneficial. Engaging in 4–9 minutes of vigorous movement per day is associated with a ~50% reduction in all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. These brief but high-intensity periods of movement are termed vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity or VILPA. Studies show the benefits can be equal to doing regular structured exercise. For example, women engaging in just 3 minutes per day of VILPA had a 45% lower risk of major cardiovascular events. The takeaway from these studies and others is clear - you can account for these brief bouts of movements in your total physical activity levels for the week. Every minute spent moving (if intense enough) counts toward your health.

Physical activity doesn't have to be structured to be beneficial. Engaging in 4–9 minutes of vigorous movement per day is associated with a ~50% reduction in all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. These brief but high-intensity periods of movement are termed vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity or VILPA. Studies show the benefits can be equal to doing regular structured exercise. For example, women engaging in just 3 minutes per day of VILPA had a 45% lower risk of major cardiovascular events. The takeaway from these studies and others is clear - you can account for these brief bouts of movements in your total physical activity levels for the week. Every minute spent moving (if intense enough) counts toward your health.

Dr. Rhonda Patrick

115,950 Aufrufe • vor 8 Monaten

A single minute of vigorous activity provides the all-cause mortality benefit of nearly an hour of gentle walking For cardiovascular protection, you'd need over 70 minutes of light activity to match 1 vigorous minute For diabetes prevention, matching a vigorous minute takes even longer: over 90 minutes of gentle activity And for cancer mortality... nearly two and a half hours The data couldn't be clearer Vigorous exercise reigns supreme when it comes to longevity

A single minute of vigorous activity provides the all-cause mortality benefit of nearly an hour of gentle walking For cardiovascular protection, you'd need over 70 minutes of light activity to match 1 vigorous minute For diabetes prevention, matching a vigorous minute takes even longer: over 90 minutes of gentle activity And for cancer mortality... nearly two and a half hours The data couldn't be clearer Vigorous exercise reigns supreme when it comes to longevity

FoundMyFitness Clips

153,292 Aufrufe • vor 8 Monaten

The current physical activity guidelines undervalue vigorous activity. Vigorous activity may be 4–9× more potent than moderate activity for reducing all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer risk. The exercise guidelines assume a 2:1 ratio between moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity: two minutes of moderate activity equals one minute of vigorous. That's why the recommendations are 150–300 minutes of moderate or 75–150 minutes of vigorous activity each week. But new data suggest that ratio is wrong. In this brand-new journal-club episode, Brady Holmer (Brady Holmer) and I unpack a groundbreaking study that should change how we think about activity for disease prevention. The research identified that 1 minute of vigorous activity is roughly equivalent to 4–9 minutes of moderate activity, and 53–94 minutes of light activity, for disease risk reduction. It also shows a clear dose-response for vigorous activity that’s much weaker for moderate activity and barely detectable for light activity. We also do a deep dive into why vigorous activity is so powerful, the underlying mechanisms, and discuss practical takeaways, including how even very brief bouts of vigorous movement (think “exercise snacks”) can produce meaningful health benefits. Timestamps are below. You can find links to the episode on YouTube, Apple Podcasts, and Spotify in the next post. Enjoy! Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 2:14 - The 1:2 rule for exercise 6:28 - What counts as vigorous? 8:48 - Where exercise guidelines fail 9:32 - Inside the wearable-based study design 15:24 - Vigorous activity—easier than you think? 18:01 - Avoiding healthy user bias 19:12 - A better way to measure exercise 20:58 - Is vigorous 4–10x better? 25:08 - One vigorous min vs. one-hour walk 27:15 - Are light activity's benefits capped? 29:03 - Is vigorous 5x better for your heart? 30:12 - Does zone 2 count as vigorous? 31:24 - Dose-response comparison 32:35 - Vigorous exercise & younger arteries 38:29 - Why aging hearts need intensity 41:22 - Can intensity preserve VO₂ max? 42:40 - Moderate exercise & VO₂ max limits 44:34 - Is vigorous 10x better for diabetes? 51:01 - Why intensity boosts mitochondria 56:11 - Does intense exercise kill tumor cells? 1:02:28 - Hormonal benefits 1:03:19 - Preventing falls with intensity 1:07:49 - Fighting inflammation 1:09:42 - High-intensity training & brain aging 1:11:14 - The 2:1 ratio is out the door 1:13:03 - Could vigorous exercise become a pill? 1:14:21 - Short bursts for longer life 1:18:28 - Can short bouts match full workouts? 1:22:39 - Do wearables undervalue vigorous bursts? 1:25:19 - Can micro-workouts replace the gym? 1:30:23 - Updating exercise guidelines 1:41:48 - Is light activity useless? 1:44:17 - Is vigorous exercise safe for seniors? 1:48:41 - Is HIIT harmful to female hormones? 1:54:18 - Balancing intensity & recovery (80/20 rule) 1:56:43 - Brady’s exercise routine 2:00:30 - Vigorous activity & kids’ brainpower 2:03:27 - Are we undervaluing vigorous exercise? 2:05:16 - Why chasing steps doesn't work

Dr. Rhonda Patrick

306,433 Aufrufe • vor 8 Monaten

Erectile dysfunction precedes cardiovascular disease in many men because both conditions share the same upstream mechanism: endothelial dysfunction and impaired nitric oxide signaling. Penile vasculature is smaller in diameter than coronary vasculature and reflects vascular compromise earlier. This means erectile function is one of the most accurate early indicators of cardiovascular risk available, and most men are never told that. In this episode, Dr. Amy Pearlman covers the vascular and metabolic interface behind erectile dysfunction, how to interpret testosterone labs correctly, why cardiorespiratory fitness rivals pharmacological intervention for erectile function, and what clinical tools exist that most urologists are never trained to prescribe.

Erectile dysfunction precedes cardiovascular disease in many men because both conditions share the same upstream mechanism: endothelial dysfunction and impaired nitric oxide signaling. Penile vasculature is smaller in diameter than coronary vasculature and reflects vascular compromise earlier. This means erectile function is one of the most accurate early indicators of cardiovascular risk available, and most men are never told that. In this episode, Dr. Amy Pearlman covers the vascular and metabolic interface behind erectile dysfunction, how to interpret testosterone labs correctly, why cardiorespiratory fitness rivals pharmacological intervention for erectile function, and what clinical tools exist that most urologists are never trained to prescribe.

Dr. Gabrielle Lyon

239,968 Aufrufe • vor 2 Monaten

10 minutes of daily vigorous activity may do more for your longevity than walking 10,000 easy steps In a large accelerometer study, 1 hard minute matched ~53–94 minutes of light activity for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular outcomes, and type 2 diabetes For cancer mortality, 1 vigorous minute was equivalent to about 2.5 hours of light activity Any movement is certainly better than none, but if you want the most bang for your buck... Add intensity

10 minutes of daily vigorous activity may do more for your longevity than walking 10,000 easy steps In a large accelerometer study, 1 hard minute matched ~53–94 minutes of light activity for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular outcomes, and type 2 diabetes For cancer mortality, 1 vigorous minute was equivalent to about 2.5 hours of light activity Any movement is certainly better than none, but if you want the most bang for your buck... Add intensity

FoundMyFitness Clips

66,966 Aufrufe • vor 1 Monat

Nicotine can enhance cognition, but it comes at a cost to cardiovascular health. A single 2–4 mg nicotine pouch can raise blood pressure by ~5 mmHg and increase resting heart rate by ~5–10 beats per minute. Higher doses lead to more pronounced elevations. More concerning is nicotine’s effect on arterial stiffness, which is a marker strongly associated with long-term cardiovascular disease risk. These effects are driven largely by nicotine’s activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which promotes vasoconstriction and impairs endothelial function. While the cardiovascular effects are often short-lived, repeated exposure can make them persistent in habitual users.

Nicotine can enhance cognition, but it comes at a cost to cardiovascular health. A single 2–4 mg nicotine pouch can raise blood pressure by ~5 mmHg and increase resting heart rate by ~5–10 beats per minute. Higher doses lead to more pronounced elevations. More concerning is nicotine’s effect on arterial stiffness, which is a marker strongly associated with long-term cardiovascular disease risk. These effects are driven largely by nicotine’s activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which promotes vasoconstriction and impairs endothelial function. While the cardiovascular effects are often short-lived, repeated exposure can make them persistent in habitual users.

Dr. Rhonda Patrick

378,732 Aufrufe • vor 8 Monaten

🫀 Jealousy and Heart Health: The Hidden Risk We Overlook Jealousy is often dismissed as a mere emotional reaction — but its long-term effects on the cardiovascular system are clinically significant. 🔸 Sustained jealousy chronically activates the sympathetic nervous system, raising heart rate and blood pressure, while narrowing blood vessels. 🔸 This contributes to arterial inflammation, accelerates atherosclerosis, and increases the risk of coronary artery disease and arrhythmias. 🔸 Persistently elevated cortisol and adrenaline levels impair endothelial function and place continuous strain on the heart muscle. 💡 Emotional stress is no longer just a psychological concern — it’s a cardiovascular risk factor that demands serious clinical attention. 📎 Read the full article here: 🔗 #Cardiology #HeartHealth #Psychocardiology #EmotionalStress #Atherosclerosis #EndothelialHealth #MyocardialStrain #PreventiveCardiology #MentalHealthAwareness

🫀 Jealousy and Heart Health: The Hidden Risk We Overlook Jealousy is often dismissed as a mere emotional reaction — but its long-term effects on the cardiovascular system are clinically significant. 🔸 Sustained jealousy chronically activates the sympathetic nervous system, raising heart rate and blood pressure, while narrowing blood vessels. 🔸 This contributes to arterial inflammation, accelerates atherosclerosis, and increases the risk of coronary artery disease and arrhythmias. 🔸 Persistently elevated cortisol and adrenaline levels impair endothelial function and place continuous strain on the heart muscle. 💡 Emotional stress is no longer just a psychological concern — it’s a cardiovascular risk factor that demands serious clinical attention. 📎 Read the full article here: 🔗 #Cardiology #HeartHealth #Psychocardiology #EmotionalStress #Atherosclerosis #EndothelialHealth #MyocardialStrain #PreventiveCardiology #MentalHealthAwareness

Dr Emre Ertürk

99,133 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr

Nearly 40% of people who follow standard physical activity guidelines (~150 minutes/week) still fail to improve their VO2 max Why? Because moderate-intensity exercise alone often isn’t enough to drive meaningful cardiovascular gains To break through this plateau, incorporating high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is key One of the most effective, research-backed methods is the Norwegian 4x4 protocol—a proven approach that boosts VO2 max through structured high-intensity intervals Here's how it works: • 4 minutes at the maximum intensity you can sustain (for a given pace, usually around 85-95% HRmax) • 3 minutes at a lower intensity (~70% HRmax) • Repeat 4x

Nearly 40% of people who follow standard physical activity guidelines (~150 minutes/week) still fail to improve their VO2 max Why? Because moderate-intensity exercise alone often isn’t enough to drive meaningful cardiovascular gains To break through this plateau, incorporating high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is key One of the most effective, research-backed methods is the Norwegian 4x4 protocol—a proven approach that boosts VO2 max through structured high-intensity intervals Here's how it works: • 4 minutes at the maximum intensity you can sustain (for a given pace, usually around 85-95% HRmax) • 3 minutes at a lower intensity (~70% HRmax) • Repeat 4x

FoundMyFitness Clips

251,948 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr

Patrick Bet-David gets blown away when doctor reveals which type of exercise truly cuts your risk of premature death. DR. RHONDA PATRICK: “New data shows that if you’re doing vigorous-intensity exercise… for every one minute you do of that, if you’re wanting to lower all-cause mortality, you have to do four minutes of moderate intensity or an hour and a half of light.” PBD looked confused and stopped her to clarify what he had just heard. DR. PATRICK REITERATED: “So for every one minute of vigorous intensity is four minutes of moderate intensity. You have to do four minutes [of moderate exercise] to get [the same] all-cause mortality [benefits]. Light is an hour and a half.” PBD: “Stop it.” DR. RHONDA PATRICK: “That’s for all-cause mortality. Dying from all non-accidental causes. It gets better.” PBD: “Oh my god.” DR. RHONDA PATRICK: “If you’re wanting to prevent cardiovascular-related mortality, for every one minute of vigorous [exercise], okay, this is cycling, this is jogging, swimming, you have to do eight minutes of moderate intensity [to reap the same benefits]… So eight minutes of that. Or… the one- to two-hour range of light exercise. So that would be just walking around the house basically.”

Patrick Bet-David gets blown away when doctor reveals which type of exercise truly cuts your risk of premature death. DR. RHONDA PATRICK: “New data shows that if you’re doing vigorous-intensity exercise… for every one minute you do of that, if you’re wanting to lower all-cause mortality, you have to do four minutes of moderate intensity or an hour and a half of light.” PBD looked confused and stopped her to clarify what he had just heard. DR. PATRICK REITERATED: “So for every one minute of vigorous intensity is four minutes of moderate intensity. You have to do four minutes [of moderate exercise] to get [the same] all-cause mortality [benefits]. Light is an hour and a half.” PBD: “Stop it.” DR. RHONDA PATRICK: “That’s for all-cause mortality. Dying from all non-accidental causes. It gets better.” PBD: “Oh my god.” DR. RHONDA PATRICK: “If you’re wanting to prevent cardiovascular-related mortality, for every one minute of vigorous [exercise], okay, this is cycling, this is jogging, swimming, you have to do eight minutes of moderate intensity [to reap the same benefits]… So eight minutes of that. Or… the one- to two-hour range of light exercise. So that would be just walking around the house basically.”

The Vigilant Fox 🦊

990,621 Aufrufe • vor 6 Monaten

Roughly 40% of people who meet standard activity guidelines (2.5 hrs/week of moderate exercise) still fail to improve their VO₂ max. That's because moderate-intensity training alone often isn't enough stress to boost cardiovascular fitness To break through that plateau, incorporating high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can make all the difference Perhaps the best research-backed method is the Norwegian 4x4 protocol: • 4 minutes at the maximum intensity you can sustain (for a given pace, usually around 85-95% HRmax) • Then 3 minutes lower intensity (similar to zone 1) • Repeat 4x

Roughly 40% of people who meet standard activity guidelines (2.5 hrs/week of moderate exercise) still fail to improve their VO₂ max. That's because moderate-intensity training alone often isn't enough stress to boost cardiovascular fitness To break through that plateau, incorporating high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can make all the difference Perhaps the best research-backed method is the Norwegian 4x4 protocol: • 4 minutes at the maximum intensity you can sustain (for a given pace, usually around 85-95% HRmax) • Then 3 minutes lower intensity (similar to zone 1) • Repeat 4x

FoundMyFitness Clips

183,323 Aufrufe • vor 10 Monaten

Elon Musk on why 𝕏 is crucial for democracy and freedom: “It’s important to the function of democracy. It’s important to the function of the United States as a free country and many other countries, and to help freedom in the world more broadly than the US I think that civilizational risk is decreased the more we can increase the trust of 𝕏 as a public platform”

Elon Musk on why 𝕏 is crucial for democracy and freedom: “It’s important to the function of democracy. It’s important to the function of the United States as a free country and many other countries, and to help freedom in the world more broadly than the US I think that civilizational risk is decreased the more we can increase the trust of 𝕏 as a public platform”

X Freeze

19,560 Aufrufe • vor 4 Monaten

Short “exercise snacks” might be one of the highest-ROI habits for longevity Observational data show that just 1–2 minutes of vigorous activity, done ~3 times per day (getting your heart rate ~≥80% max), is linked to ~40% lower cancer mortality, ~40% lower all-cause mortality, and ~50% lower cardiovascular mortality This is even in people who say they “don’t exercise” These bursts can be as simple as sprinting up stairs or a quick set of all-out bodyweight squats, burpees, or high knees

Short “exercise snacks” might be one of the highest-ROI habits for longevity Observational data show that just 1–2 minutes of vigorous activity, done ~3 times per day (getting your heart rate ~≥80% max), is linked to ~40% lower cancer mortality, ~40% lower all-cause mortality, and ~50% lower cardiovascular mortality This is even in people who say they “don’t exercise” These bursts can be as simple as sprinting up stairs or a quick set of all-out bodyweight squats, burpees, or high knees

FoundMyFitness Clips

154,303 Aufrufe • vor 7 Monaten

As colleagues and I wrote yesterday in JAMA, the CDC’s failure to unambiguously recommend Covid vaccines for high-risk people is a step backward for evidence-based public health recommendations. The concept makes good sense where there are judgment calls that require discussion about the risks and benefits of treatment. For example, adults with borderline risk for cardiovascular disease who are considering starting a statin (medication to lower cholesterol) must weigh modest prevention benefits against the burden and potential adverse effects of daily medication; men deciding whether to have a prostate blood test must weigh modest prevention benefits against the risk of false-positive results and overtreatment. Shared clinical decision-making is appropriate when the science related to the decision is genuinely uncertain. Read More:

As colleagues and I wrote yesterday in JAMA, the CDC’s failure to unambiguously recommend Covid vaccines for high-risk people is a step backward for evidence-based public health recommendations. The concept makes good sense where there are judgment calls that require discussion about the risks and benefits of treatment. For example, adults with borderline risk for cardiovascular disease who are considering starting a statin (medication to lower cholesterol) must weigh modest prevention benefits against the burden and potential adverse effects of daily medication; men deciding whether to have a prostate blood test must weigh modest prevention benefits against the risk of false-positive results and overtreatment. Shared clinical decision-making is appropriate when the science related to the decision is genuinely uncertain. Read More:

Dr. Tom Frieden

11,703 Aufrufe • vor 9 Monaten